RECO1006 Construction II
Refuse Disposal and Refuse
Collection System
Edward CY YIU
Department of Real Estate and Construction
January 2007
Domestic Waste Disposal Rate
Per Capita Disposal Rates of Municipal Solid Waste and Domestic Waste in 1991-2005
About 1.0 kg per
person per day
Source: Environmental Protection Department (2004a)
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Total Quantities of Solid Waste
Disposed
Quantities of Major Types of Solid Waste Disposed of in 1991-2005
About 6,000,000 tonnes
per annum
Source: Environmental Protection Department (2004a)
Refuse Collection and Disposal
Route in Hong Kong
Domestic Wastes
Estate Cleansing Workers
Refuse Collection
Points
Food & Environmental Hygiene Department‘s
Other Wastes Collectors Cleansing Contractors
Refuse Transfer
Stations
Environmental Protection Department‘s Wastes
Other Wastes Collectors Collection Contractors
Landfills
Normal route of refuse collection & disposal
Other route of refuse collection & disposal
Source: Environmental Protection Department (2004b)
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Waste Facilities Serving Hong Kong 1996-2005
Waste
Facilities -
Landfills,
Transfer
Stations,
etc
Authority
• Building (Refuse Storage and Material
Recovery Chamber and Refuse Chutes)
Regulations.
• Environmental Protection Ordinance -
Waste Disposal
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Building Services Framework
Water in – Plumbing System
Water out – Drainage System
People out – Transportation System
People / Goods in – Transportation
System (Lifts and Escalators)
Waste out – Waste Disposal System
Energy in – Electricity Supply Systems
Energy out - OTTV
Air in – MVAC System Air Out – MVAC System
Fire in – Gas Supply System Fire out – Fire Safety System
Light in – Lighting System Light out – Lighting System (blinds)
Sound in – Acoustics System Sound out – Acoustics System
Estimates of Refuse Output
Category of Premises Refuse Output (litres/day)
Office 15 per 100 sq m gross floor area
Hotel / dormitory 10 per 100 sq m gross floor area
Shop / trade premises 30 per 100 sq m gross floor area
Supermarket / market /department 100 per 100 sq m gross floor area
store
Restaurant / eating house /food 200 per 100 sq m gross floor area
centre / canteen
Residential premises 20 per dwelling premises
Petrol station 300 per premises
Source: http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=1221
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Two Systems of Waste Disposal
• CRCS (Conventional Refuse Collection
Systems) is commonly used in various
types of residential developments
– Without refuse chute / refuse chamber
– With refuse chute / refuse chamber
• ARCS (Automated Refuse Collection
System) is mainly installed in public
residential developments
ARCS Refuse Collection and
Disposal Route
Source: Hong Kong Housing Authority (2003)
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Overview
of ARCS
ARCS
- ARCS is a
computerized
and centralized
refuse collection
system
E.g. in Wah Sum
Estate and King
Shing Court and
at Shek Yam
East Estate
Refuse
Chute
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Components
of ARCS -
Outside
Components
of ARCS –
inside CRCP
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Costs of ARCS
Operation &
Installation
Maintenance
Cost*
Cost*
(per flat)
(per flat per month)
Hong Kong Housing
$5,000 $30
Authority
ARCS Installer -- $24
ARCS Supplier $5,000 $25
Average Cost
$5,000 $26
Buildings (Amendment) Ord 2000
• Provision of floor space for MAT'L
RECOVERY.
– Refuse storage chamber was changed to REFUSE
STORAGE and MATERIAL RECOVERY CHAMBER.
– Min. area required was increased. The divisors were
changed from 440 to 347, 1320 to 925.
– Ind. Bldg was required to provide MAT'L RECOVERY
CHAMBER.
• BO s.38(1)(d)(xii), BO s.23(3)(b), Bldg (Refuse
Storage and Mat'l Recovery Chamber and
Refuse Chutes) Regulations.
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PNAPs
• PNAP 98 - Refuse Storage and Collection
(BRS&MRC)
– New Reg Name: Bldg (Refuse Storage and Material Recovery
Chambers and Refuse Chutes) R
– Refuse collection vehicle: 10mLx3mWx3.8mH - 4.5mH headrm
– Hammer-head 27x9.5m w/ approach 10.9mW
– Access and exit routes required indication.
– B(Amend)O 2000 requires ventilation and air-purifying facilities
for MRC
– Alarm and sprinkler, 2hr FRP.
– Chemical Air Scrubber - air purifying device
– Min 1.5m x 1.5m for MRC
Other requirements of refuse chute,
refuse chamber, etc
• See Bldg (Refuse Storage and Mat'l
Recovery Chamber and Refuse Chutes)
Regulations
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References
• Environmental Protection Department (2004a), “Hong
Kong Waste Treatment and Disposal Statistics”
http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/w
aste/data/stat_treat.html
• Environmental Protection Department (2004b),
“Recovery and Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste in
Hong Kong”
http://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/w
aste/guide_ref/files/wr_msw.pdf
• Hong Kong Housing Authority (2003), Application of
Automated Refuse Collection System (ARCS) in
Housing Estates for a Better Living Environment.
Internal Presentation, Hong Kong Housing Authority.
The End
For enquiries, please send email to
Edward CY YIU
Department of Real Estate and Construction
The University of Hong Kong
ecyyiu@hkucc.hku.hk
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