POLYMORPHISMS IN THE IL-1 GENE CLUSTER INFLUENCE THE PERIODONTAL MICROFLORA
M.L. Laine1, M.A. Farré2, M.A. García-González2, E.G. Winkel3, J.B.A. Crusius2, J.P. Vandenbroucke4, A.J. van Winkelhoff1 and A.S. Peña2
1Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), 2Laboratory of Immunogenetics, VUMC, 3Clinic of Periodontology Amsterdam and 4Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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Introduction Material and Methods Results
Periodontitis is a multi-factorial infectious disease. Bacteria are The study included 105 patients with severe adult periodontitis. No significant differences were found in prevalence of periodontal
essential to initiate and establish inflammatory processes in Mouthwash samples were collected and genotyped for bi-allelic pathogens in distinct IL-1A, IL-1B and IL-1RN genotypes.
periodontitis but bacteria alone are not enough to cause disease. polymorphisms IL-1A-889, IL-1B+3953 and a penta-allelic 86 bp variable Carriers of allele 2 of IL-1B, and IL-1A+IL-1B had significantly higher
Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1 and their natural specific inhibitor IL-1ra number of tandem repeat IL-1RN gene polymorphisms using PCR levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and lower levels of Prevotella
play a key role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in technique. intermedia in comparison to non-carriers.
periodontal tissues. Polymorphisms in IL-1 gene cluster have been
associated with severe adult periodontitis. bp Allele bp Allele Table 1. Levels (%) of periodontal pathogens in association with
carriage of IL-1B +3953 allele 2 and carriage of IL-1A-889 and IL- 1B+3953
allele 2 in comparison to non-carriers.
400 3
300 2 (249) 400 1 IL-1B+3953 IL-1A-889+IL-1B+3953
40-110 kb 220-320 kb 200 300 4 Carriers Non-carriers P value# Carriers Non-carriers P value#
1 (135 ) 200 2 A. actinomycetemcomitans
100 114 100 N 12 17 12 17
Mean 2.6 3.0 2.6 3.0
>0.1 >0.1
IL-1A IL-1B IL-1RN M 1.1 2.2 1.2 1.3 2.3 1.4 SD 3.3 6.0 3.3 6.0
M 1.2 2.2 1.1 Median 1.3 0.7 1.3 0.7
P. gingivalis
Figure 1. Organization of IL-1 gene cluster on chromosome 2. N 25 22 25 22
Mean 45.3 23.8 0.003 45.3 23.8
Figure 2. IL-1B genotypes. 0.003
Figure 3. IL-1RN genotypes. SD 24.3 21.5 24.3 21.5
Median 42.0 22.4 42.0 22.4
P. intermedia
N 41 45 38 48
Presence and levels of putative periodontal pathogens were Mean 3.3 4.9
0.025
3.2 4.9
0.009
SD 8.1 6.6 8.3 6.4
Aim established by anaerobic culture techniques. Median
B. forsythus
N
0.7
48
2.0
46
0.5
46
2.0
48
Mean 11.8 17.9 11.4 17.9
>0.1 >0.1
SD 10.6 18.4 10.1 18.3
We aimed to investigate the composition of subgingival microflora in Median 8.0 10.9 8.0 10.9
P. micros
association with the IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms in
periodontitis.
Conclusion N
Mean
SD
48
6.0
7.6
41
7.1
7.2
>0.1
45
6.3
7.8
44
6.7
7.1
>0.1
Median 3.0 4.8 3.0 3.8
F. nucleatum
N 50 48 47 51
Our results provide evidence that polymorphisms in IL-1 gene Mean 6.5 3.4
>0.1
6.5 3.6
>0.1
SD 11.1 2.6 11.4 2.7
cluster may influence bacterial growth. Median 2.7 3.0 2.5 3.0
C. rectus
This might be explained by impaired host defence response, and by N 7 15 6 16
Mean 1.6 2.6 1.8 2.5
The present study was supported by the Netherlands Institute for Dental the host response that contributes to define the habitat for the SD 1.8 3.0
>0.1
1.9 3.0
>0.1
Median 0.7 1.9 1.3 1.5
Sciences and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam. growth of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. #Mann-Whitney U Test.