Heart Disease
By
Cody Miller
What is Heart Disease?
It is a broad term for a number of
different diseases which affect the heart.
But the ultimate problem with all
varieties of heart disease is that, in one
way or another, they can disrupt the vital
pumping action of the heart.
Types-Cardiomyopathy
It is the deterioration of the function of the heart for whatever
reason. Patients with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of
arrhythmia and/or sudden cardiac death.
Extrinsic cardiomyopathies
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is caused by chronic long-term abuse of
alcohol, which leads to heart failure.
Coronary artery disease
Congenital heart disease-is a disease that effects primarily at birth,
and includes structural defects, congenital arrhythmias, and
cardiomyopathyies.
Ischemic cardiomyopathy- is a weakness in the heart muscle, due to
inadequate oxygen delivery to the heart with coronary artery
disease being the most common cause.
Hypertensive cardiomyopathy- any number of complications of
arterial hypertension.
Valvular cardiomyopathy-
Inflammatory cardiomyopathy-
Cardiomyopathy
Intrinsic cardiomyopathies
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-most common, the heart (usually
the left ventricle) is enlarged and pumping function is diminished.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM or HOCM)-a genetic
disorder, causing heart muscle to thicken, which can obstruct blood
flow and prevent the heart from functioning properly.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)-arises
from an electrical malfunction of the heart in which heart muscle is
replaced by fibrous scar tissue. Usually the right ventricle.
Restrictive caridiomyopathy(RCM)-least common, the walls of the
ventricles are stiff, but may not be thickened and resist the normal
filling of the heart with blood.
Noncompaction cardiomyopathy-the left ventricle wall has failed to
properly grow from birth.
Cardiovascular disease
Refers to the class of diseases that involve the
heart or blood vessels.
Is commonly referred to as atherosclerosis
Other types are aneurysms, angina, arrhythmias,
CVA, CHF, myocarditis, valve disease,
coronary artery disease, edocarditis,
hypertension, mitral valve prolapse, MI, venous
thromboembolism.
Hypertensive heart disease
It’s a late complication of hypertension. Causing
thickening of the heart, which in turn lowers the
cardiac output.
Could be caused by left ventricle hypertrophy,
coronary heart disease, CHF, cardiac
arrhythmias.
Symptoms- fatigue, irregular pulse, edema,
dyspnea, weight gain, nausea, SOB, bloating,
greater need to urinate at night.
Inflammatory heart
disease
Involves inflammation of the heart muscle
and/or surrounding tissue.
Endocarditis-inflammation of the endocardium,
most commonly the valves.
Myocarditis-inflammation of the myocardium.
Usually caused by an infection.
May present with rapid signs of heart failure,
chest pain, or sudden death.
Valvular heart disease
It involves one or more of the heart valves.
Some types are- aortic insufficiency, aortic
valve stenosis, endocarditis, heart valve
dysplasia, libman-sacks endocarditis, loeffler
endocarditis, mitral regurgitation, mitral
stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, pulmonary valve
stenosis, tricuspid insufficiency, tricuspid valve
stenosis.
Aortic valve stenosis
Caused by an incomplete
opening of the aortic
valve.
Is often seen in patients
with CHF.
Patients that have both QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are attributed to a 2 year are needed to see this picture.
mortality rate of 50%.
Mitral valve prolapse
Characterized as an
abnormally thickened
mitral valve.
S/S-heart palpitations,
atrial fibrillation,
syncope, mitral QuickTime™ and a
regurgitation, or sudden
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
death.
These patients tend to
have a low body mass
index.
Rheumatic heart disease
It’s a condition in which the heart valves are damaged by
rheumatic fever.
Rheumatic fever begins with a strep throat infection.
It is an inflammatory disease.
It can affect many of the body’s connective tissues,
especially those of the heart, joints, brain, or skin.
Anyone can get it, but it usually occurs in children
between the ages of 5 to 15.
The rheumatic disease that results can last for life.
Symptoms of Rheumatic
heart disease
They often go unnoticed for sometime, because this
disease affects the valves. And often the damage isn’t
immediately noticeable.
This causes the valves to either not open/close completely.
Also causes scarring of the heart valves, forcing the heart
work harder.
The damage may resolve on its own, or it may be
permanent.
Advanced cases may present with CHF.
Other symptoms that may be present-fever, weight loss,
fatigue and/or stomach pains.
Coronary artery disease
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Coronary artery disease
Is a condition in which
plaque builds up inside
the coronary arteries.
The plaque is made up of
fat, cholesterol, calcium,
and other substances
QuickTime™ and a
found in blood. When decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
plaque build up in the
arteries, it is called
atherosclerosis.
Coronary artery disease
A common symptom of CAD is angina.
If CAD causes heart failure, then you will likely see the
patient short of breath.
Some patients that have CAD have no signs or symptoms.
MI’s usually are a result of a sudden occlusion of a
coronary artery, from plaque breaking free.
CAD can lead to angina, heart attack, heart failure and
arrhythmias.
Pre-hospital care
CPR and defibrillation in the event of
cardiac arrest.
High concentration of oxygen
Pain relief-morphine
Aspirin
Diesel
Coronary artery disease
Can be increased by
smoking , obesity,
physical inactivity.
Genetic factors play a
role, example disorders
such as hypertension and
hypothyroidism
contribute to risk.
Ways to prevent it are
exercise, diet, aspirin,
omega-3 fatty acids.
Estimates for 2004
Hypertension-72 million CHD
CHD-15.8 million 452,300 deaths
MI-7.9 million Single leading cause of
Angina-8.9 million death in America today.
Stroke-5.7 million 94-04 death rate declined
CVD 33%.
Claimed 871,500
1 of ever 2.8 deaths
147,000 <65
From 94-04 death rate
declined 25%.
Sources
Bryan E. Bledsoe, Robert S. Porter, and Richard A Cherry.
Paramedic Care. New Jersey:Brady, 2006.
Mark H. Beers, Robert S. Porter, Thomas V. Jones, Justin L
Kaplan, Michael Berkwrits. The Merck Manual:Eighteenth
Edition. New Jersey:Merck Research Laboratories, 2006.
Stephanie Trelogan. “What is Coronary Artery Disease?,”
GeneticHealth. 2000, 2001. California. 9/12/2000.
http://www.genetichealth.com/HD_What_Is_Coronary_Artery_
Disease.shtml
Mayoclinic.com. “Mitral valve prolapse,” Revolution Health.
2007. April 25, 2007.
http://content.revolutionhealth.com/contentimages/images-
image_popup-r7_mvp.jpg
Wikipedia. “Heart Disease,” Wikipedia. California, November
24, 2007. http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_disease