E2086
Federal Republic of Nigeria
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT
FRAMWORK
(ESMF)
FOR
STATE GOVERNANCE CAPACITY BUILDING PROJECT
(SGCBP)
DRAFT FINAL REPORT
Submitted to:
The World Bank
104 Yakubu Gowon Way
Asokoro, F.C.T. Abuja
Nigeria
Submitted by:
Earthguards Limited
Suite 45, (3rd Floor),
God’s Own Plaza,
4 Takum Close, Area 11, Garki,
F.C.T. Abuja, Nigeria.
Email: earthguards@gmail.com
Website: www.earthguards.net
Maximizing Resources and Sustaining Development
November, 2008
Environmental and Social Management Framework for SGCBP
ACRONYMS
AU African Union
BASEPA Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency
CABS College of Administrative and Business Studies
CBOs Community Based Organizations
CPS Country Partnership Strategy
DFID Department for International Development
EA Environmental Assessment
ECOWAS Economic Community of West Africa States
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EPAD Environmental Protection Assessment Department
EMS Environmental Management Systems
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
EU-SRIP European Union –Support to Reforming Institutions Program
FEPA Federal Environmental Protection Agency
FMEH&UD Federal Ministry of Environment, Housing and Urban Development
FMF Federal Ministry of Finance
ISDS Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet
ITCZ Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone
KEPA Kaduna Environmental Projection Agency
LGAs Local Government Authority
MDA Ministries Department and Agencies
MDC Management Development Center
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
NEEDS National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategies
NPCU National Project Coordinating Unit
NGOs Non-Governmental Organisation
PAD Project Appraisal Document
PCN Project Concept Notes
PFM Public Financial Management
PHC Public Health Care
SEPA State Environmental Protection Agency
SDC Staff Development Center
SPCU State Project Coordinating Unit
SGCBP State Governance Capacity Building Project
SSA Sub-Sahara Africa
SPC State Planning Commission
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
TOR Terms of Reference
WHO World Health Organisation
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... 2
LIST OF TABLE ........................................................................................................... 4
LIST OF FIGURE.......................................................................................................... 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 7
1.1 Objectives of the Environmental and Social Management Framework ........ 8
1.2 Study Approach & Methodology ................................................................... 8
1.2.1 Literature Review ................................................................................... 8
1.2.2 Data Gathering ...................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER TWO: PROJECT COMPONENTS .......................................................... 10
2.1 Component 1: Public Financial Management and Procurement Reforms ... 10
2.2 Component 2: Human Resource Management and Capacity Development 10
2.3 Component 3: Monitoring and Evaluation System Development ............... 11
2.4 Component 4: Responsive Support for State Specific Requests ................. 11
CHAPTER THREE: BASELINE DATA .................................................................... 12
3.1 The Bio- Physical Environmental Features ................................................. 12
3.1.1 Physical Environment .......................................................................... 13
3.1.2 Biological Environment ....................................................................... 16
3.2 Social -Economics ....................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER FOUR: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 20
4.1 Policy Framework ........................................................................................ 20
4.2 Legal Framework ......................................................................................... 20
4.2.1 Federal ................................................................................................. 20
4.2.2 State...................................................................................................... 22
4.3 Assessment of the Legal Framework ........................................................... 22
4.4 International Environmental Agreements .................................................... 23
4.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies ................................................................... 24
CHAPTER FIVE: POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 25
5.1 Potential Impacts .......................................................................................... 25
5.2 Environmental Impacts ................................................................................ 26
5.2.1 Construction Phase .............................................................................. 26
5.2.2 Operation Phase .................................................................................. 27
5.3 Social and Health Impacts ........................................................................... 27
5.3.1 Construction Phase .............................................................................. 27
5.3.2 Operation Phase .................................................................................. 28
5.4 Mitigation ..................................................................................................... 29
5.4.1 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................ 29
5.4.2 Mitigation Funding .............................................................................. 32
CHAPTER 6: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................................... 33
CHAPTER SEVEN: PUBLIC CONSULTATION PLAN .......................................... 35
7.1 Objectives .................................................................................................... 35
7.2 Identifying Stakeholders .............................................................................. 35
7.3 Consultation Strategies ................................................................................ 35
ANNEX 1: List of Persons Contacted ......................................................................... 37
ANNEX 2: Summary Of World Bank Environmental And Social Safeguard Policies. . 38
ANNEX 3: Draft EIA /ESIA Terms Of Reference ...................................................... 41
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ANNEX 4: Contract Provisions: Environmental and Social Impacts ......................... 43
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 3.1: Nigerian Ambient Air Quality Standard .......................................................... 15
Table 3.2: Air Quality Classification Based on TSP Values ............................................ 15
Table 5.1: Potential Environmental and Social Impacts of the SCBGP II ....................... 25
Table 5.2: Summary of Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures ......................... 30
Table 6.1 Institutional Capacity Strengthening Program .................................................. 34
Table 7.1: Stakeholder Identification Matrix .................................................................... 35
Environmental and Social Management Framework for SGCBP
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 3.1: Map of Nigeria showing the 36 states of Nigeria ........................................... 13
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The State Governance and Capacity Building Project-II (SGCBP-II)) is a public sector
management project operating in the existing SGCBP-I states of Kaduna, Bauchi and
Cross River; and with potentials to be extended to Anambra, Ekiti, Kwara, Niger,
Plateau and Yobe states.
The project development objective is to strengthen the capacity and quality of the
public financial and procurement management systems personnel and payroll
management system and monitoring and evaluation system.
By improving these governance systems at state level, SGCBP II will support
achievement of the third pillar of National Economic Empowerment and Development
Strategy (NEEDS), which seeks to change the way government does its business and
also the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) of the World Bank and DFID.
The four components of this project are as follows:
Component 1: Public Financial Management and Procurement Reforms
Component 2: Human Resource Management and Capacity Development.
Component 3: Monitoring and Evaluation System Development
Component 4: Responsive Support for State Specific Requests
Based on the categorization of projects, funded by the World Bank, the SGCBP II is
classified as a Category B (FEPA classification - Category 2) project and therefore
triggering the World Bank Safeguard policy OP/BP 4.01 – Environmental Assessment.
The OP/BP 4.01 entails that the project would need to develop Environmental
Assessment documents such as the Environmental and Social Management Framework
(ESMF), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the Environmental Management
Plan (EMP).
The ESMF is developed with a primary objective to improve decision making and to
ensure that the design, construction, expansion, upgrading or rehabilitation of
educational and judicial facilities being considered under the proposed project are
undertaken in an environmentally sound and sustainable manner.
While the secondary objective is to ensure that in-country capacity, regulatory
framework; principles and procedures are established to provide a basis for
environmental assessments of all sub-projects to be carried out under this restructured
project.
In developing the ESMF document certain mitigation measures were recommended to
manage potential environmental and social impacts and were expressed in broad
categories such as physical, biological and social. These will help minimize or adverse
the potential environmental and social impacts associated with the propose project
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
The State Governance and Capacity Building Project-II (SGCBP-II) is a public sector
management project operating in the existing SGCBP-I states of Kaduna, Bauchi and
Cross River; and with potentials to be extended to Anambra, Ekiti, Kwara, Niger,
Plateau and Yobe states. This project which is the principal Bank instrument for
supporting governance reforms at the sub-national level in Nigeria, is a restructured one
of the SGCBP-I and the main reasons for the re-structuring are to address
implementation difficulties; respond to new priorities of the state governments; ensure
the productive use of uncommitted funds; and enhance overall achievement of the
project development objective. The restructuring provides the opportunity to enhance
ownership, knowledge sharing and commitment to reforms by engaging the
participating states and the Federal Ministry of Finance (FMF) in the restructuring
process and reflecting new priorities of state governments.
The project development objective is to strengthen the capacity and quality of (a) the
public financial and procurement management systems (b) personnel and payroll
management system and (c) monitoring and evaluation system. By improving these
governance systems at state level SGCBP II will support achievement of the third pillar
of National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS,)which seeks
to change the way government does its business and also the Country Partnership
Strategy (CPS) of the Bank and DFID.
The proposed changes from SGCBP-I include: (i) refocusing of the project
development objectives to make them more realistic and achievable, and revision of
project results framework and monitoring arrangements; (ii) minor adjustments to
existing sub-component and activities, to address gaps in the capacity of some key
stakeholders; (iii) the addition of a new component, necessary to align the project to the
new reform agenda and priorities in the participating states, as well as complement the
implementation of other sub-project components; (iv) reallocation of credit proceeds to
reflect changes in work program priorities and enhance the productive use of credit
proceeds; and (v) strengthening the institutional framework to address sources of delay
in project implementation.
Some of the activities under the proposed project as identified in the restructuring
project paper will involve civil works especially on the physical renovation of the
College of Administration and Business Studies (CABS, Bauchi) and the Staff
Development Center (SDC, Kaduna). There will also be civil works on the up-grading
of judicial facilities in Calabar, Cross River State.
The World Bank’s Operational Policy (OP) 4.01 requires that an Environmental and
Social Management Framework (ESMF) be prepared which will establish a mechanism
to determine and assess future potential environmental and social impacts of project
investments and then to set out mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be
taken during design, implementation and operation of the subproject’s activities to
minimize adverse environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels.
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1.1 Objectives of the Environmental and Social Management Framework
The primary goal of this ESMF is to improve decision making and to ensure that the
design, construction, expansion, upgrading or rehabilitation of educational and judicial
facilities being considered under the proposed project are undertaken in an
environmentally sound and sustainable manner.
The secondary goal is to ensure that in-country capacity, regulatory framework;
principles and procedures are established to provide a basis for environmental
assessments of all sub-projects to be carried out under this restructured project
More specifically, the purpose of the ESMF is to:
Assess the potential environmental and social impacts of the sub-projects
(rehabilitation, up-grading, or new constructions), whether positive or negative and
propose mitigation measures;
Inform the project preparation team and the Nigerian Government of the potential
impacts of different anticipated sub-projects and relevant mitigation measures and
strategies;
Establish clear directives and methodologies for the environmental and social screening
of sub-projects to be financed by the project; and
Identify potential environmental policies, legal and institutional framework pertaining
to the project.
1.2 Study Approach & Methodology
The ESMF study was prepared in accordance with applicable World Bank safeguard
policies and Nigerian environmental impact assessment guidelines. The distinct phases
of the study include:
Data Gathering;
Literature review;
Reconnaissance Surveys and visits to potential sub-projects sites;
Characterization of the baseline conditions;
Identification of potential impacts;
Identification of impact mitigation measures;
Preparation of an Environmental and Social Management Plan; and
Preparation of sub-project guidelines.
1.2.1 Literature Review
The approach was based on review of available literature and other strategic planning
documents at the national and state level. Specifically, the following were reviewed:
Project Concept Notes (PCN), draft Project Appraisal Document (PAD), concept-stage
Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (ISDS) of the SGCBP-I. In addition, the restructuring
project paper and the SCBGP-II ISDS were consulted. Also consulted were the general
environmental management conditions for construction contracts; federal and state
environmental laws regulations, decrees, acts, policies and guidelines; World Bank
safeguard policies and other relevant documents.
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1.2.2 Data Gathering
The consultant assembled and evaluated relevant baseline data related to the physical,
biological and socio-cultural environment of the country. The baseline data reviewed
included: topography, soil, water resources, climate and meteorology; biological and
socio-economics data.
Field visits were made to Cross River, Kaduna and Bauchi States. During the field
visits to the states, discussions were held with officials of relevant state ministries and
agencies. (See Annex 1.0 for complete list).
Using the specific circumstances of each state visited, the particular technical
operations of each State project coordinating unit, including related agencies such as
environmental protection agencies/authorities were studied, their capacity to implement
the proposed environmental and social management process and mitigation measures
was assessed, and discussions held to determine appropriate recommendations for
improvement in service delivery, mitigation, monitoring, institutional requirements and
their training and capacity building needs.
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CHAPTER TWO: PROJECT COMPONENTS
SGCBP II seeks to support reforms in participating states and pilot local governments
towards improved fiscal, public financial management, and personnel and payroll
management systems, including public procurement, multi-year budgeting and fiscal
planning, tax administration, capacity development, monitoring and evaluation. There
are four components:
2.1 Component 1: Public Financial Management and Procurement Reforms
This aims to develop and modernize the Public Finance Maintenance (PFM) systems of
participating states, with the objective of improving its efficacy and quality in
managing public financial resources. To enhance macroeconomic management and
quality of public expenditure, the component will support fiscal planning and
standardization of PFM procedures, processes, and reporting among participating state
governments for consistency with the federal government. Activities will include:(a)
fiscal responsibility legislation and implementation; (b) strengthening capacity for
budget preparation, presentation, implementation and monitoring; (c) accounting, and
financial reporting; (d) strengthening audit and oversight role of the State Houses of
Assembly; (e) improving tax administration (f) modernization and automation of
financial management system; and (g) public procurement reforms and capacity
building. These activities are in line with the follow-up action plans that are part of the
PEFA and PERs undertaken by the some potential candidate states. The PFM
component will be coordinated with other development partners’ support in the selected
states where applicable (e.g. with EU-SRIP in Anambra state).
2.2 Component 2: Human Resource Management and Capacity Development
Diagnostic work undertaken by the World Bank and other development partners
highlight the depth of human resources capacity and systemic weaknesses that
undermine the credibility of PFM, payroll and personnel management systems. They
also highlight the fact the wage bill constitute one of the biggest items of government
expenditure and subject to weak controls and abuses with negative impact on the
quality of public expenditure. The objective of this component will be to provide
targeted capacity building to PFM-related ministries, departments and agencies, as well
as strengthen personnel and payroll systems to minimize abuse and redirect potential
savings to improve services. Activities include conduct of a thorough assessment of
existing skills and training needs of PFM and procurement related Ministries
Department and Agencies (MDAs); targeted short to medium term training, provision
of logistic support, and development, modernization and linking of payroll and
personnel databases the state public service.
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2.3 Component 3: Monitoring and Evaluation System Development
In most states, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) is either non-existent or even where
they exist the emphasis is on project monitoring. One of the key challenges is how to
monitor and measure the outcome of public expenditures, especially in big spending
ministries, departments and agencies. This component will help to address these
challenges by strengthening the capacity of state governments to effectively allocate
resources, track outcomes of government programs and improve the quality of service
delivery, using evidence generated from regular evaluation of programs. The focus will
be on improving the legal and institutional framework for results-based M&E and
building the institutional capacity for effective monitoring and management of
development outcomes. It will support activities related to (a) diagnosis of existing
M&E systems (b) design and implementation of a new M&E system (c) formulation of
policies and drafting of enabling regulations (d) training and skills development for
staff of State Planning Commissions and MDAs (e) establishment of an M&E
secretariat to coordinate M&E activities across the state alongside capacity building and
(f) pilot evaluations and service delivery satisfaction surveys for key government
programs.
2.4 Component 4: Responsive Support for State Specific Requests
This component will allocate resources to meet other relevant State Government’s
requests to complement and deepen reforms under the components outlined above.
Funding from this component will also be used to provide additional financing for the
three states currently implementing SGCBP I when the project closes in March 2010.
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CHAPTER THREE: BASELINE DATA
The study will undertake to present the baseline information of Nigeria instead of
emphasizing on baseline information of Kaduna, Bauchi and Cross River States. This is
because of the potential of the following states joining the project: Anambra, Ekiti,
Kwara, Niger, Plateau and Yobe; thereby representing all the geopolitical zones.
3.1 The Bio- Physical Environmental Features
Nigeria is situated in West Africa lying between latitudes 400 N and 1400N and
longitudes 2500 W and 1445 E, bordered to its south by the Gulf of Guinea for about
850km, by the Republic of Benin to the West for 773km, Republic of Niger to its North
for 1497km, Chad at its North Eastern Boundary (water boundary) for 87km and
Cameroon to its East for 1,690km (figure 3.1 next page).
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Figure 3.1: Map of Nigeria showing the 36 states of Nigeria
Nigeria has a total area of 923,768 sq. km of which the total land area is 913, 768 sq.
km and 10,000 sq. km is water.
Nigeria is blessed with abundant water resources estimated at 226 billion m3 of surface
water and about 40 billion m3 of ground water.
The main characteristics of the biological, physical and socio-economic environment of
the project area are summarized below
3.1.1 Physical Environment
Climate
Nigeria’s climate varies from arid in the north, tropical in the centre and equatorial in
the south. The climate is largely controlled by prevailing winds and nearness to the
Atlantic Ocean. The two dominant air masses are the dry wind from the Sahara and the
wet wind from the Atlantic Ocean. Marginal alterations have being recorded due to
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landform characteristics, configuration of surrounding shoreline and the generally flat
topography of the country.
Rainfall
Rainfall is the single most important element for defining the climatic seasons in the
tropics. Hence, Nigeria has two dominant seasons; the wet and the dry seasons. Rainfall
throughout Nigeria depends on the interaction of the tropical maritime air mass and the
tropical continental mass which meet along the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ).
The annual average rainfall around the country is between 2000mm and 3000mm.
Temperature
Nigeria’s climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures throughout the year.
The average annual maximum varies from 35oC in the north to 31oC in the south; the
average annual minimum from 23oC in the south to 18oC in the north. On the Jos
plateau and the eastern highlands altitude makes for relatively lower temperatures, with
the maximum no more than 28oC and the minimum sometimes as low as 14oC.
Wind
Two principal wind currents affect Nigeria. The south-westerlies dominate the rainy
season of the year while north-easterlies dominate the dry season. Depending on the
shifts in the pressure belts in the Gulf of Guinea, these winds are interspersed
respectively by south-easterlies and north-westerlies in different parts of the year. The
wetter winds prevail for more than 70% due to the strong influence of the breeze from
the Atlantic Ocean.
Mean annual wind speed varies between 2 to 6 m/s. Speeds in dry season (November -
March) are lower. In the wet season (April–October), daily average speed could rise to
15 m/s. Values of up to 25 m/s are sometimes experienced due to inducement by
convective rainfall activities and relative diffusion.
Ambient Air Quality
Generally, air quality in the area complies with regulatory standards. Although, slight
variations are noticed in major industrial cities like Lagos, Ibadan, Aba, Kano, Port
Harcourt and Kaduna.
The Federal Ministry of Environment, Housing and Urban Development (FME & UD)
adopted the WHO standards (Table 3.1) as the national standards for gaseous emissions
against which air quality parameters monitored are compared in order to ascertain its
“cleanliness”.
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Table 3.1: Nigerian Ambient Air Quality Standard
Air Pollutants Emission Limits
Particulates 250 (µg/m3)
SO2 0.1 (ppm)
Non-methane Hydrocarbon 160 (µg/m3)
CO 11-4 (µg/m3) or 10 (ppm)
NOX 0.04-0.06 (ppm)
Photochemical Oxidant 0.06 (ppm)
Source: FME 1991
Table 3.2: Air Quality Classification Based on Total Suspended Particles (TSP) Values
Range of TSP Values (g/m3) Class of Air Quality
0 – 75 High Quality
76 – 230 Moderate Quality
231 – 600 Poor Quality
Source: Jain, et. al (1976)
Geology
Nigeria lies on the southern portion of the West African Craton. The geological setting
comprises broadly crystalline basement complex rocks and sedimentary formations.
They occur in equal proportions around the country. The former are highly mineralized
and give rise to soils of high nutrient status, although variable from place to place. The
latter are found in the south-east, north-east and north-west of the country, and give rise
to sandy and less variable soils that are deficient in plant nutrient.
Topography
Nigeria has varying landforms and much of the country is dominated by plains,
generally less than 610m above sea level. The eastern border with the Republic of
Cameroun is lined by an almost continuous range of mountains which rise to about
2,419m at Chappal Waddi, the highest known point in Nigeria.
In the North, the Jos Plateau rises abruptly from a general level of about 609.5m in the
Hausa Plains to an average level of some 1,219m but reaches 1,781.6m in Shere Hills.
The area west of the River Niger is dominated by the plain, which rises gently from the
coast northwards 'to the area of crystalline rocks where inselbergs rise abruptly above
the surrounding plains. The Idanre Hills, the highest point of these inselbergs, rises to
about 981m above sea level.
In general, the land surface of the country could be classified into three broad physical
units or major relief features namely: the plains; the highlands; the troughs and the river
valleys.
Soils Characteristics
The broad pattern of soil distribution in the country reflects both the climatic conditions
and the geological structure; heavily leached, reddish-brown, sandy soils are found in
the south, and light or moderately leached, yellowish-brown, sandy soils in the north.
The difference in color relates to the extent of leaching the soil has undergone.
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Nigeria soils are highly weathered and are characterized by light texture, low pH, low
organic matter, low potassium levels, variable phosphorous levels with clay contents
ranging between 7%-43%.
Surface and Ground Water Hydrology
Nigeria has two major rivers, the Niger and the Benue, which traverse the northwest
and northeast portion of the country, then merge at Lokoja before draining down to the
Atlantic. There are several other rivers and quite a number of minor streams and
rivulets that crisscross the entire Nigerian land mass. These include the Ogun, Oshun,
Imo, Cross, Osse, Nun and the Anambra rivers in the south and the Kaduna, the
Gongola, and the Hadeija rivers in the North.
Generally the water quality in the rivers of Nigeria is very good. The average electrical
conductivity in the main rivers ranges between 48-65 Umhos/cm2 and the total
dissolved solids (TDS) concentration is about 100mg/l. The pH is less than 6.5,
although higher values were reported in swamps and floodplains with levels of 100-150
Umhos/cm2. These rivers are also low in nutrients, with an average nitrogen content of
0.32mg/l and a total phosphorous content of 0.1 mg/l. The data indicate water of high
quality according to FMEH & UD limits.
3.1.2 Biological Environment
Fauna
Animals found in both forest and savannas include leopards, golden cats, monkeys,
gorillas, and wild pigs. Today these animals can be found only in protected places as
the Yankari Park, Gashaka Gumti Park, and Cross River Park. Rodents such as the
squirrel, porcupine, and cane rat constitute the largest family of mammals. The northern
savannah abounds in guinea fowl. Other common birds include quail, vultures, kites,
bustards, and gray parrots. The rivers contain crocodiles, hippopotamuses, and a great
variety of marine life.
In the rain forest, few large animals notably gorillas, chimpanzees, baboons and
monkeys are present. Crocodiles, lizards, and snakes of many species are also present.
Hippopotamuses, elephants, giraffes, leopards, and lions now remain only in scattered
localities and in diminishing number. Wildcats, however, are more common and widely
distributed. Wildlife in the savanna includes antelope, lions, leopards, gazelles, and
desert hyenas. Nigeria also abounds in bird life with a great number of species being
represented.
Flora
Vegetation varies dramatically in relation to climate, soil, elevation, and human impact
on the environment. In the low-lying coastal region, mangroves line the brackish
lagoons and creeks, while swamp forest grows where the water is fresh. Farther inland,
this vegetation gives way to tropical forest, with its many species of tropical
hardwoods, including mahogany, iroko, and obeche.
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North of the forest is the Guinea Savannah, a region of tall grasses and trees. The
southern margin of the Guinea Savannah has been so altered by humans that it is also
called the derived savannah. Beyond the Guinea savannah lies the Sudan Savannah, a
region of shorter grasses and more scattered, drought-resistant trees such as the baobab,
tamarind, and acacia. In the northeastern corner of Nigeria, the very dry semi-desert
Sahel Savannah persists.
3.2 Social -Economics
Demographics
According to the latest estimates, the population of Nigeria is approximately, 150
million (Nigeria Population Census), which makes Nigeria the largest country by
population, in Africa. The annual average growth rate of 1995-2001 was projected at
2.6% and the urban population represented 47% of the total population or 61.1 million
people. The illiteracy rate, which is an estimate of the percentage the population over
15years old that have not completed a primary school education level, is 35%.
The real significance of Nigeria’s demographic situation is that it simultaneously has a
large population and one of the highest rates of growth in the world, causing its
projection to move up so rapidly in total population. Many unknown factors could alter
the above estimate. AIDS is one factor that could have a dramatic impact on Nigeria’s
future demographics. While AIDS is not the critical national health concern that it is in
other sub-Saharan countries, it may grow to become a problem of great concern.
Rural – Urban migration in Nigeria, like in most other countries is fuelled by the
pursuit for increased economic/ livelihood opportunities.
Ethnic Groups and Religion
Nigeria, which is Africa’s most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic
groups, the larger of which are the Hausa and Fulani, who are predominantly from the
North represent approximately 29% of the population, the Yoruba, predominantly from
the South (South West) and represent approximately 21% of the population or and the
Ibo, predominantly from the East represent about 18% of the population. The other
large groups are the Ijaw with about 10%, the Kanuri with about 4%, the Ibibio with
about 3.5%. The Middle Belt region of Nigeria shows the greatest degree of ethnic
diversity, particularly in Adamawa, Taraba and Plateau States. The religious groups
include Muslims, which make up about half of the population at approximately 65
million people; Christians at about 40% or about 52million people and the rest are of
indigenous beliefs (10%) or about 13 million people.
Land Use Pattern
The estimated land area of Nigeria is 924,000 km2. Land use varies based on location
and the needs of the community. However, the different uses of land revolve around
agriculture, industry and social needs such as the provision of infrastructure. Recent
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data shows that about 60% of the land area of Nigeria is under various forms of food
(crop and animal) production and forest plantation.
Land Tenure
The Land Use Decree of 1978 vests all land in the state through the office of the
governor. Land is to be held in trust and administered for the use and common benefit
of all Nigerians according to the provisions of the Act. By this legal instrument, the
state replaced the traditional institutions of obaship/emirship and chiefs in their roles as
custodians of communal land.
Control and management of land in urban areas is the responsibility of the state
governor, while all other land (rural, public, etc.) is the responsibility of the Local
Government of the area. The governor is empowered to designate certain areas as urban
land and to grant statutory rights of occupancy of fixed periods and rights of access to
any person, subject to rental arrangements fixed by and payable to the state. The local
government can grant a customary right of occupancy to land in the local government
area (LGA) to any person or organization for agriculture, grazing, residential or other
purposes.
Public Health Features
The increase in urban and peri-urban population over the years, coupled with the
significant decline in the performance of the State Water Agencies to provide potable
water (it is estimated that only 50% of the urban and 20% of the peri-urban have access
to reliable water supply), and with poor or no acceptable sanitation or drainage
infrastructure in many of these areas, the prevalence rate for diseases such as diarrhoea,
malaria, dysentery and other serious health conditions are high.
Poverty
According to the World Bank, Country at a Glance report, 2001, the gross national
income (GNI) per capita of Nigeria is US$290, which is significantly lower than the
average of US$470 for sub Saharan Africa (SSA).
It is estimated that 60% of the total population of Nigeria live below the poverty line.
The average percentage of the urban poor (i.e. % of population below national poverty
line) is a staggering 45% compared with the SSA average of 32%.
Economics
The Nigerian economy rests on two pillars: oil/gas and agriculture. Both sectors
contributes 65% - 70% of GDP, while the secondary sector (manufacturing contributes
about 7% and the tertiary sector (transport, trade, housing etc) contributes about 25%.
Nigeria’s major industries are located in Lagos, Sango Otta, Port Harcourt, Ibadan,
Aba, Onitsha, Calabar, Kano, Jos and Kaduna.
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Infrastructural Facilities
The main transportation means in Nigeria is the road. Water transportation is fairly
developed in some coastal areas. Air transportation is considered fair with major
airports in Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, Kano and Kaduna. The railway sector has
experienced a major decline in the last decades but efforts are being made to revive it.
Electricity is supplied through the national grid. The power supply is erratic; and
government is promoting the development of independent power supply to augment the
current inadequate supply.
With regard to educational facilities, Nigeria is reasonably served. There are over 50
universities consisting of federal, state and private owned. High schools in most states
are insufficient and are in dilapidated state, except for states in the southern part of the
country.
Presently the Federal Government is refurbishing all existing tertiary health institutions
nationwide. There is at least 1 primary health care institution in each of the 744 local
government areas.
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CHAPTER FOUR: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
FRAMEWORK
Nigeria has developed a number of important initiatives in policies, laws and
regulations applicable to the environment.
The major national policies and regulations that are considered relevant to the project
are summarized in this section.
4.1 Policy Framework
National Policy on the Environment
The stated goal of the National Policy on the Environment is to achieve sustainable
development in Nigeria, and in particular to:
Secure a quality of environment adequate for good health and well being;
Conserve and use the environment and natural resources for the benefit of
present and future generations;
Restore, maintain and enhance the ecosystems and ecological processes essential
for the functioning of the biosphere to preserve biological diversity and the
principle of optimum sustainable yield in the use of living natural resources and
ecosystems;
Raise public awareness and promote understanding of the essential linkages
between the environment, resources and development, and encourage individual
and community participation in environmental improvement efforts; and
Co-operate in good faith with other countries, international organizations and
agencies to achieve optimal use of trans-boundary natural resources and effective
prevention or abatement of trans-boundary environmental degradation.
4.2 Legal Framework
A number of national and international environmental guidelines are applicable to the
sub-projects under the proposed project. In Nigeria, the power to enforce all activities
that might impact the environment is vested in the Federal Ministry of Environment,
Housing and Urban Development (FMEH & UD). Internationally, agencies such as the
World Bank, DFID and other development agencies usually set environmental criteria
for projects they are involved in.
4.2.1 Federal
The Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv), now (since December 2006) Federal
Ministry of Environment, Housing and Urban Development (FMEH & UD) was
created in 1999 to take over the function of the Federal Environmental Protection
Agency (FEPA). The ministry has a mandate to co-ordinate the environmental
protection and conservation of natural resources for sustainable development in
Nigeria. The specific responsibilities of the ministry are to:
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monitor and enforce environmental protection measures;
enforce international laws, conventions, protocols and treaties on the
environment;
prescribe standards and make regulations on air quality, water quality, pollution
and effluent limitations, the atmosphere and ozone layer protection, control of
toxic and hazardous substances; and
promote cooperation with similar bodies in other countries and international
agencies connected with environmental protection.
As contained in FEPA Acts 58 of 1988 and 59 of 1992. FMEH & UD has put in place
statutory documents to aid the monitoring, control and abatement of industrial waste.
The statutory documents currently in place include:
National Policy on the Environment 1999
National Environmental Protection (Effluent Limitations) Regulations(S.1.8)
1991;
National Environmental Protection (Pollution Abatement in Industries and
Facilities Generating Wastes) (S.1.9) 2004;
National Environmental Protection (Management of Solid and Hazardous
Wastes) Regulations (S.1.15) 1991;
Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria 1991;
Sectoral Guidelines for EIA 1995
Harmful Wastes (Criminal Provisions) Decree No. 42, 1988;
National Policy on the Environment, 1989;
Environmental Impact Assessment Procedural Guidelines 1995;
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. 86 of 1992; and
Environmental Impact Assessment (Amendments) Act 1999.
National Guidelines and Standards for Water Quality 1999
National Guidelines on Environmental Management Systems (EMS) 1999
National Guidelines on Environmental Audit in Nigeria 1999
These statutory documents clearly state the restrictions imposed on the release of toxic
substances into the environment and the responsibilities of all industries whose operations
are likely to pollute the environment. Such responsibilities include provision of anti-
pollution equipment and adequate treatment of effluent before being discharged into the
environment, etc. (S.1.8 & 9).
FMEH & UD also has put in place procedural and sectoral guidelines detailing the EIA
process including a categorization of environmental projects into Categories I, II and
III. These guidelines require that a complete EIA be performed for Category I projects.
Category II projects may not require an EIA depending on the screening criteria, while
Category III projects do not require an EIA.
In addition, the land use act is considered relevant to the project:
Land Use Act
The legal basis for land acquisition and resettlement in Nigeria is the Land Use Act of
1978 which was modified in 1990. The following are selected relevant sections:
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Section 1: Subject to the provision of this Act, all land comprised in the territory of
each state in the Federation is vested in the Governor of each state and such land shall
be held in trust and administered for the use and common benefit of all Nigerians in
accordance with the provisions of this Act.
Section 2: (a) All land in urban areas shall be under the control and management of the
Governor of each State; and (b) all other land shall be under the control and
management of the local government within the area of jurisdiction in which the land is
situated.
Therefore, according to the Land Use Act, all land in Nigeria is vested in the Governor
of each State, and shall be held in trust for the use and common benefit of all people.
The administration of land area is divided into urban land which will be directly under
the control and management of the Governor of each State; and non-urban land, which
will be under the control and management of the Local Government. The Governor of
each State will have the right to grant statutory rights of occupancy to any person or
any purpose; and the Local Government will have the right to grant customary rights of
occupancy to any person or organization for agricultural, residential and other purposes.
4.2.2 State
By the provision of acts, edicts and laws the states have also set up State Environmental
Protection Agencies or Authorities (SEPAs) as the regulatory bodies to protect and
manage the environmental issues in the states. With respect to the three pilot states of
Bauchi, Kaduna and Cross River; the following state environmental institutions exist:
Bauchi State Environmental Protection Agency (BASEPA); Kaduna State
Environmental Protection Authority (KEPA); and Environmental Protection and
Assessment Department (EPAD) of the Cross River State Ministry of Environment.
The functions of the SEPAs include:
Enforcement of all environmental legislations and policies;
coordination and supervision of environmental assessment studies; Minimization of
impacts of physical development on the ecosystem; Preservation, conservation and
restoration to pre-impact status of all ecological processes essential to the preservation
of biological diversity;
Protection of air, water, land, forest and wildlife within the states;
Pollution control and environmental health in the states; and
Co-operation with FMEH & UD and other agencies to achieve effective
prevention of abatement of trans-boundary movement of waste.
4.3 Assessment of the Legal Framework
The existing legal framework for environmental assessment in Nigeria is considered
adequate. Detailed laws, regulations and guidelines have been developed and serve as
the framework for conducting EIAs in both the public and private sectors. The
implementation of these rules has been poor due to lack of adequate enforcement.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act
The Act does not encourage the participation of people whose lives are likely to be
affected by a project; rather, it encourages the collection and documentation of
technical information which is confusing and unintelligible to a majority of people. All
too often, the provisions enshrined in the law are not enforced.
Environmental Policy
The policy and its laudable institutional arrangements have not yielded the desired
results. This is principally due to weak enforcement; inadequate manpower in the area
of integrated environment management; insufficient political will; inadequate and
mismanaged funding; a low degree of public awareness about environmental issues;
and a top–down approach to the planning and implementation of environmental
programmes.
Land Use Act
The Land Use Act points out that the interests of individuals and communities have
been reduced to mere rights of occupancy, which can be revoked by the appropriate
authorities on certain conditions such as ‘over-riding public interest’ (right-of-way,
mining activities etc). Moreover, the law is ambiguous in certain respects and makes
interpretation difficult. The Act which grants excessive powers to the Federal and State
Governments has a dramatic impact on land rights. It does not provide adequate
security against forced evictions, harassment, and threats.
4.4 International Environmental Agreements
Nigeria is a signatory to the following relevant international conventions:
The African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources,
The African Convention, 1968;
The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural
Heritage, The World Heritage Convention, 1972;
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora, CITES, 1973;
The Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Bonn,
1979.
The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of
Hazardous Waste and Disposal, 1989;
The Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, 1995;
The Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992;
The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Waste,
MARPOL, 1972.
Nigeria also has obligations to protect the environment through various commitments to
the African Union (AU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
and the Commonwealth. It is also committed through relations with the European
Community under the Lome IV Convention.
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4.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies
The SGCBP II has been categorized as B implying that the expected environmental
impacts are largely site-specific and that mitigation measures can be designed relatively
readily. The environmental assessment for a Category B project usually:
examines the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts,
recommends measures to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for
adverse impacts, and
recommends measures to improve environmental performance
The World Bank has 10 Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (see Annex 2) to
reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of development projects, and improve decision
making. These operational policies include:
OP/BP 4.01: Environmental Assessment
OP/BP 4.04: Natural Habitats
OP 4.09: Pest Management
OP/BP 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement
OD 4.20: Indigenous Peoples
OPN 11.03: Cultural Property
OP 4.36: Forests
OP/BP 4.37: Safety of Dams
OP/BP 7.50: Projects on International Waters
OP/BP 7.60: Projects in Disputed Areas
The proposed project triggered the environmental assessment policy.
This document i.e. the ESMF is the appropriate instrument prepared to address the
triggered environmental assessment policy.
OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment
The objective of OP 4.01 is to ensure that projects financed by the Bank are
environmentally and socially sustainable, and that the decision making process is
improved through an appropriate analysis of the actions including their potential
environmental impacts. Environmental assessment (EA) is a process whose breadth,
depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental
impact of the proposed project. EA takes into account the natural environment (air,
water, and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement,
indigenous peoples, and cultural property); and trans-boundary and global
environmental aspects.
OP 4.01 is triggered if a project is likely to present some risks and potential adverse
environmental impacts in its area of influence. Thus, in the case of the SGCBP II,
potential negative environmental and social impacts will be due to construction and
rehabilitation activities linked to educational institutions and the judiciary.
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CHAPTER FIVE: POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES
5.1 Potential Impacts
The rehabilitation and physical renovation of training institutes and judiciary
offices/blocks may cause negative environmental impacts. Poorly planned
institutions/offices and bad practices in construction, maintenance and rehabilitation
could have negative effects. Table 5.1; gives an overview of the major environmental
impacts resulting from the construction and/or renovation of educational and judicial
infrastructures
Table 5.1: Potential Environmental and Social Impacts of the SCBGP II
Environmental Parameters Impacts
Soil Soil erosion and modification of surface relief
Sedimentation of roadside water bodies and drains
Loss of productive topsoil in burrow areas
Contamination from waste materials e.g. cement, paints,
lubricants, fuels and detergents
Modification in flow of surface water /increased runoff
Water Drainage clogging and creation of stagnant water pools
Contamination from hazardous wastes e.g. paints,
lubricants, fuels
Sedimentation of surface water bodies
Ecosystem Damage, fragmentation or loss of habitat and
biodiversity
Destruction of vegetation
Contamination of biota
Transmission of diseases
Destruction/disruption of wildlife
Threats to rare and endangered species
Air Air pollutants emission from construction machinery
Change in natural drainage pattern
Landscape Destruction of vegetation and trees
Deforestation and desertification
Human health and safety Transmission of diseases
Contamination of local water supplies
Air pollution
Noise & vibration disturbance
Obstructions owing to presence of road side barriers
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5.2 Environmental Impacts
5.2.1 Construction Phase
i Flora and Fauna
The rehabilitation/construction of new institutions and offices and/or the expansion and
upgrading of existing institutions could result in clearing and depletion of vegetation that will
result in: loss of plant cover, disturbance and loss of fauna habitats, weakening and degradation
of soils, disturbance of the natural landscape and disfiguring of the natural morphology.
ii Soil and Land Degradation
Earth-moving equipment such as excavators will be used in cutting and excavation. This earth
moving equipment will expose the soil to erosion and also compact it and break down the soil
structure which will potentially decrease the drainage of the areas.
Furthermore, the risk of accidental discharge of hazardous products, leakage of hydrocarbons,
oils or grease from construction machinery also constitute potential sources of soils and water
pollution. Moreover, the high pressure on water resources can cause potential conflicts,
particularly during the dry seasons in certain localities of high water scarcity in the northern
states of Kaduna and Bauchi.
iii Waste Management
Activities at construction sites will produce construction wastes such as excavated soils and
debris. Excavated wastes could obstruct the general public, the movement of the workers and
vehicles as well as affect the aesthetics of the environment.
iv Slope, erosion and drainage
If the topography of the project area is hilly, erosion problems during construction are likely to
be more severe, as compared to a flat area..
v Air Quality
Air Quality will be impacted by emissions from vehicles, earthmoving equipment and released
particulate matters. At the peak of construction; various equipment rated between 200-600
horsepower and burning diesel fuel will be operated.
vi Water Quality
Water quality will be impacted by wastewater discharges from construction activities. These
will include discharges from onsite sewage system and rainwater run-off from the developed
areas such as workshops etc. The discharge of this wastewater into surface waters will impact
water quality by causing changes to its physical, chemical and biological properties.
Given the high anticipated volume of waste/spoil that will be generated, it is likely that the
waste will be stockpiled on road sides. If it is not properly contained, rains could carry it along
with runoff into other surface waters, leading to increased turbidity and siltation. This could
affect aquatic resources such as fisheries and aquatic invertebrates.
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5.2.2 Operation Phase
i. Visual Intrusion
Educational institutions rehabilitation and construction will change the characters of the area
(marred landscapes). The clearing of vegetation required for the expansion of existing
schools/offices will impact the visual amenity of nearby houses and surrounding communities.
5.3 Social and Health Impacts
5.3.1 Construction Phase
i Loss of Livelihood
Land acquisition for construction of new schools could cause changes in land use pattern and
result in displacement, especially in the urban areas. This will cause significant disruption to the
communities as it could affect small businesses such as cafeterias, mechanic shops etc.
ii Disruption of Utilities Service
The excavation and cutting during construction may cause temporary disruptions of utility
services such as electricity and water. Such disruptions may incur the anger of the communities
in the project area.
iii Vehicular Traffic
Construction works will result in a high traffic volume around the institutions and within the
communities. Wastes generated from project activities such as cement bags, paint drums and
debris could result in pollution and constitute obstructions to vehicular traffic.The transport of
raw materials will introduce a number of heavy trucks on the access road and this could
increase the risk of motor accidents and result in vehicular-pedestrian conflicts.
iv Contractors’ (Workers) Camp
The civil work contractor will have to establish and operate a camp which will house offices,
workshops etc. The selection of the camp location should be based on approval of the project
engineer.
Problems that may be encountered include disposal of liquid and solid wastes. Other social
impacts associated with the contractors’ camp are theft, alcoholism and sexually transmitted
diseases (especially HIV/AIDS).
v Public Health
On flat areas, water will not drain away easily, and stagnant pools of water will be created.
These pools, if not drained regularly will provide favourable breeding grounds for mosquito
and other disease vectors
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vi Occupational Safety and Health
The safety of the local population may be at risk during construction activities. The movement
of trucks to and from the site, the operation of various equipment and machinery and the actual
construction activities will expose the workers to work-related accidents and injuries. Pollutants
such as dust and noise could also have negative implications for the health of workers and near-
by communities.
vii Noise
Noise and vibration caused by machines, site vehicles, pneumatic drills etc will be
commonplace during construction activities. These impacts can affect the quietness of the
communities and provoke irritation and anger.
viii Traffic
Communities around the construction sites (where schools and/or offices are being upgraded or
constructed) will experience heavier human and vehicular traffic. Construction related activities
will be a nuisance to road users e.g. storage of construction stones by the road side.
5.3.2 Operation Phase
i) Improved access to education
The project implementation will improve access to quality basic education, especially for
disadvantaged groups (e.g. girls, poor families) and also access to justice by renovating court
offices/premises.
ii) National Development
The impacts of the project on national development are largely positive. The implementation of
the SCBGP II will enhance the opportunities available for the general public in the participating
states especially the rural areas.
iii) Road Accidents
The improvement of access and quality of the schools will translate into a higher pedestrian
traffic (teachers, and students). This could increase the likelihood of road accidents.
iv) Community Development
Positive impacts on community development would include enhancement of educational
standards, diversification of knowledge notably in the scientific and technical fields, and
improved access to formal education previously unavailable to a large number of rural
communities.
Provision of socio-cultural infrastructures such as playgrounds and sports facilities will have
beneficial impacts on the communities as well as contributing towards the reduction of
delinquency.
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5.4 Mitigation
Environmental mitigation consists of measures that can reduce the negative environmental
impacts associated with implementation (construction, expansion, rehabilitation etc) of the
project.
5.4.1 Mitigation Measures
Mitigation measures have been identified that would reduce both existing and potential impacts
associated with existing facilities and rehabilitation/upgrading/new construction on the
proposed project. Potential impacts and related measures are identified in Table 5.3.
The table indicates the areas to which the potential impact and its associated measure apply. In
addition, mitigation measures are identified as either social or physical measures. Social
mitigation includes the measures used to mitigate effects such as noise, land use, and other
effects to the human environment. Physical mitigation includes measures that address impacts
to the physical environment, such as biological communities, vegetation, air quality, and others
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Table 5.2: Summary of Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures
Potential Impacts Recommended Mitigation Measures
Physical Resources
Land Use
Visual impact following the disposal of construction and demolition Regular collection and evacuation of work site refuse towards authorized
waste onto roadsides dumps
Involvement of the Local Government Authorities and Communities in
the selection of discharge sites
Noise
Employees and communities exposed to high noise level Installation of sound insulation.
Disruption of school and education activities during construction works Schedule work periods to avoid school hours
Air Quality
Emission of pollutants from mobile (vehicles) and stationary (mixers, Introduction of dust reduction measures in construction sites
generators etc) sources. Safety measures put in place
Air pollution from burning of demolition wastes e.g. wood, paper etc
Soil
Point source contamination from diesel, lubricants etc around workshop Appropriate containment measures for all operational areas and proper
areas. disposal of used lubricants.
Increased soil erosion due to vegetation clearing , soil trampling and Soil erosion control measures (e.g. reforestation, reseeding of grasses,
compaction land preparation, terracing etc)
Increased rapid runoff due to vegetation clearing and soil compaction
diminishing infiltration capacity
Deterioration of soil characteristics due to increased erosion
Water Quality
Potential pollution of surface and ground water though runoff of Appropriate containment measures for all operational areas and proper
pollutants e.g. lubricating oil, diesel fuel etc from workshop areas etc disposal of used lubrication oil.
Water pollution due to seepage from tanks (diesel, sanitary wastes etc) Work sites Installed far from waterways
Lack of water for sanitation or toilet facilities Regular collection of work sites wastes for proper disposal
Heavy water usage resulting in reduction of surface and groundwater Liquid waste discharged at designated outfalls after effluent treatment to
sources protect water resources
Regular emptying of on-site latrines and toilets
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Biological Resources
Vegetation
Vegetation clearing resulting in loss of valuable habitat, species diversity No siting and excavations in sensitive habitat
and population levels. Careful planning and selection of sites
Impacts on protected areas; critical habitats for rare species or of ecologic Forests and cultural heritage sites protection enforced.
or domestic importance.
Wildlife
Wildlife impacted through direct loss, loss of movement corridors, and Pre-construction focused surveys, dust and noise abatement measures,
indirectly through introduction of noise and pollutants. and minimization of construction generated pollutants.
Wetlands
Expansion and new construction encroaching on the wetland and directly Preservation, restoration, and enhancement of existing wetland.
impact wetland plant communities. Sensitive and critical habitats avoided
Farmlands and Grazing Areas
Land take for new school construction could lead to loss of farmland and Farmland and grazing areas should be relocated to other areas.
grazing areas. If possible avoid farmlands and grazing areas.
Solid/Hazardous Waste Management
Solid waste generated from demolition and construction activities Quick sorting, collection and disposal of waste removed from the sites in
containing potentially hazardous materials (e.g. asbestos). accordance with applicable regulations.
Waste generation during building works piling on the roadside
Social
Health and Safety
Risks of road accidents during work Conduct an awareness raising campaign for the work sites staff and the
Contamination risk by HIV from the labour force. users of school infrastructures (pupils, students, teachers, etc.)
Conduct awareness raising campaigns on HIV/AIDS
Land Use
Involuntary displacement of populations or economic activities Acquisition and relocation should occur in accordance with appropriate
Changes of existing uses within affected communities. regulations including World Bank OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement.
Avoid facilities in areas that will need resettlement, the displacement; or
the encroachment on historic, cultural or traditional use areas
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5.4.2 Mitigation Funding
i) Cost of Design Measures
The quantities, specifications and estimated costs of design measures to avoid or mitigate
negative impacts will be assessed by the civil design contractor and incorporated into the
bidding documents. The contractor will execute all required works and will be reimbursed
through pay items in the bill of quantities, which will be financed by the project.
The total cost is estimated at N 2, 991, 423 ($24, 928.58). This estimate is based on the assumption
that resource persons are likely to come from other parts of the country and therefore require travel
allowances; participants will come from the institutions and attend during the day only but will
receive per diem.
Cost Estimate Cost Estimate
in in
Item Responsibility Cost Breakdown
Nigerian Naira Us Dollars
(N) (Us$)
Mitigation State’s SGCBP and State’s N 1, 754, 500 $14, 620.83
EPA
Management State’s SGCBP 5% of Mitigation Cost N 87, 725 $731.04
Capacity State’s SGCBP Staff/ 25% of Mitigation N 438, 625 $3, 655.21
Building Consultants Cost
Monitoring State’s SGCBP / State’s 25% of Mitigation N 438, 625 ($3, 655.21
EPA Cost
Sub- Total N 2, 719, 475 $22, 662.29
Contingency 10% of Sub- Total N 271, 948. $2, 266.29
Total N 2, 991, 423 $24, 928.58
ii) HIV/AIDS Awareness Program
The quantities, specifications and estimated costs of the HIV/AIDS Awareness Program and
condom distribution will be assessed by the design consultant and incorporated into the works
bidding documents. The contractor will execute the program through a subcontractor and will
be reimbursed through pay items in the bill of quantities, which will be financed by the project.
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CHAPTER 6: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
In SCBGP, some changes are being made in order to strengthen project management
and oversight arrangements and in response to recent changes in leadership. In this
regard, the project in Bauchi State is being re-located from the Ministry of Budget and
Planning to the Office of the State Head of Service to provide improved oversight and
coordination. In the same vein, at the request of the Cross River State Government, the
project is being re-located from the Office of the State Head of Service to the State
Planning Commission (SPC). The SPC coordinates all donor projects in the state and
the relocation is to provide improved oversight and coordination with other donor
projects. As part of the changes, the state governments have agreed to implement the
provision in the Project Appraisal Document (PAD) requiring each state to appoint a
full time project coordinator. Until now project coordinators in all three states have
been part-time and this has contributed to weak coordination and the delays in project
implementation. Other measures that are being taken to strengthen the capacity of the
project implementation units include the continuous training of procurement officers,
hiring of short-term procurement and M&E consultants to provide hands-on support
and training, and agreement on joint project implementation monitoring arrangements
with the state governments. The National Project Coordinating Unit (NPCU) will be
responsible for overall project coordination and support at the national level. At the
state level, the State Project Coordinating Unit (SPCU) will responsible for project
implementation.
With respect to the implementation of this Environmental and Social Management
Framework (ESMF), it is recommended that each SPCU recruits an environmental and
social specialist on a part time basis that will be responsible for following up the
recommendations of the ESMF. Since there is just one sub-project i.e. rehabilitation of
educational and judicial institutions, there is no need for a screening mechanism, as the
mitigations measure’s contained in the report suffices. The chances of preparing a full
EIA under this project is very remote due to the small and site specific nature of the
impacts. However, if it happens, a typical TOR for an EIA/ESIA is shown on Annex 3.
It is also important that all bidding documents and final contracts contain the general
environmental and social management clause (see Annex 4). This is to tie the contractor
to respect environmental and social concerns during civil works.
Capacity building in environmental management is also essential during project
implementation. The objectives of the training/capacity building efforts under proposed
project will be to:
Support the SPCUs to mainstream environmental and social issues in their sub-
projects; and
Strengthen the capacity of local NGOs and other services providers to provide
technical support to communities in environmental and social aspects of the sub-
projects.
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The target audience for training, sensitization and capacity building, will inter-alia
include the following:
Project Coordinators
Project Teams
LGAs Staff involved in environmental and social concerns
Environment consultant (s) at the SPCU
NGO’s/CBOs in the educational and judicial sectors
State Environmental Protection Agencies/Authorities
The training will follow the programme in table 6.1 below:
Table 6.1 Institutional Capacity Strengthening Program
Target Description Application Duration
Audience
Project General environmental awareness Personnel require appreciation of Three days
coordinators/te seminar that will include ecological and WB’s, Federal/State seminar
ams social science principles, legal environmental policies, as well
responsibilities, consequences of non- as, an appreciation for the need
sustainable development, costs of poor to support environmentally
environmental decisions, and introduction sustainable development.
to the EIA process and the use of the
environment and social screening
mechanism.
Environmental An in-depth comprehensive course on The target audience will be five days
specialist/cons environmental management including responsible for EA review at the workshop
ultant, officials legal requirements, EIA methodology, State level and for preparing
of SEPAs and Impact determination (methods) and TORs for EIA consultants as
LGA mitigation analysis, public involvement well as monitoring consultants’
environmental methods, ESMP preparation, monitoring work and final approval of EIAs.
and social techniques, preparation of EIAs, TORs, Target audience will also be
specialists and other. Course will include field visits responsible for conducting
and classroom exercises. environmental audits on selected
sub-projects and for periodic
monitoring of sub-project
implementation to ensure
compliance.
CBOs/NGOs General environmental awareness NGOs/CBOs requires an One day
in the health seminar that will include ecological and appreciation for the WB’s and
sector social science principles and introduction Nigerian environmental
to the EIA process. requirements/procedures.
The cost estimates are based on the assumption that resource persons are likely to come
from other parts of the country and therefore require travel allowances; participants will
come from local communities and attend during the day only but will receive a per diem.
These estimates include an allowance for travel expenses.
The total cost is estimated at a lump sum US $ 200,000.
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CHAPTER SEVEN: PUBLIC CONSULTATION PLAN
The different SPCUs have responsibilities to effectively engage stakeholders in achieving the
project objectives for the benefit of all. The successful implementation of the SCBGP II
depends on the meaningful participation of all stakeholders.
7.1 Objectives
This plan provides a framework for achieving effective stakeholder involvement and promoting
greater awareness and understanding of issues so that the project is carried out effectively
within budget and on-time to the satisfaction of all concerned.
To ensure effective implementation of this plan, the SPCU shall be committed to the following
principles:
promoting openness and communication;
ensuring effective stakeholder involvement in the development of the project;
increasing public knowledge and understanding of the project implementation process;
using all strategies and techniques which provide appropriate, timely and adequate
opportunities for all stakeholders to participate; and
evaluating the effectiveness of the engagement plan in accordance with the expected
outcomes.
7.2 Identifying Stakeholders
Stakeholders for the purpose of this project shall be defined as all those people and institutions
that have an interest in the successful planning and execution of the project. This includes those
likely to be positively and negatively affected by the project. Table 7-1 identifies the key
stakeholders.
Table 7.1: Stakeholder Identification Matrix
Affected Parties How to identify them
People living in the vicinity of the proposed Identify the local government area(s) that falls within
works. (students, teachers, magistrates, 500m radius of the proposed schools and offices.
judges etc)
Review available data to determine the profile of the
whole stakeholder or relevant group.
Use identified groups and individuals to tap into
stakeholder networks to identify others.
Special interest groups Identify key individuals or groups through organized
groups, local clubs, community halls and religious places.
Be aware of similar local groups or individuals.
7.3 Consultation Strategies
The consultation process shall ensure that all those identified as stakeholders are conferred
with. Subject to SPCU coordinator’s approval, the Environmental/Social consultant will share
information about the project with the public to enable meaningful contributions and thus
enhance the success of the project.
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Public consultation will take place through workshops, seminars, meetings, radio
programme, request for written proposals/comments, questionnaire administration,
public reading and explanation of project ideas and requirements.
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ANNEX 1: List of Persons Contacted
1) Basssey Ebri Asuguo Project coordinator Cross River State PCU
2) Mr Emmmamuel Okokon Procurement officer Cross River State PCU
3) Mrs Regina Elu Ogboaaka Monitoring and Evaluation officer Cross River State PCU
4) Mr Ettah James MIS Specialist Cross River State PCU
5) Mrs Helen Etim Project Finance Officer Cross River State PCU
6) Mr Steven Utre Head of EIA Cross River State EPAD
7) Mr. Edward Gekpe Director Cross River State EPAD
8) Mohammed Aminu Ibrahim Project Coordinator Bauchi State PCU
9) Engr. Dauadi Mohammed Procurement Advisor Bauchi State PCU
10) Ibrahim Ahmad Rufa’I Procurement Officer Bauchi State PCU
11) Usman B. Alhaji Project Accountant
12) Goje Saidu Dani Project Internal Auditor
13) Yakubu Mudi Project M & E
14) Aminu A. Kakudi Project Cashier
15) Rejoice Daniel Project Secretary
16) Aminu Ibrahim EIA Specialist Bauchi State EPA
17) Dr. Dije B. Ibrahim Chief Executive Chairman Bauchi State EPA
18) Moh’d Hussaini Abubakar Permanent Secretary Bauchi State EPA
19) Moh;d Umar Dodoji HOD Environmental Conservation Bauchi State EPA
20) Moh’d Abba Environmental Conservation Bauchi State EPA
21) Abdullahi Umar Dir.Admin & Finance Bauchi State EPA
22) Mr. Joshua Kure Project Coordinator Kaduna State PCU
23) Mahmud Yamusa M & E Officer Kaduna State PCU
24) John Usman Procurement Officer Kaduna State PCU
25) Ibrahim Usman Communication Officer Kaduna State PCU
26) Ibrahim Idris Project Finance Officer Kaduna State PCU
27) Ibrahim Hussaini General Manager Kaduna State EPA
28) Aminu S. Sani Director Laboratory Services Kaduna State EPA
29) Mrs. Ester Bawa Director Environmental Assessment Kaduna State EPA
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ANNEX 2: Summary Of World Bank Environmental And Social Safeguard Policies.
Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01). Outlines Bank policy and procedure for the
environmental assessment of Bank lending operations. The Bank undertakes
environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate
extent and type of EA process. This environmental process will apply to all sub-
projects to be funded by the proposed project.
Natural Habitats (OP 4.04). The conservation of natural habitats, like other
measures that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term
sustainable development. The Bank does not support projects involving the
significant conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for
the project and its siting, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall
benefits from the project substantially outweigh the environmental costs. If the
environmental assessment indicates that a project would significantly convert or
degrade natural habitats, the project includes mitigation measures acceptable to the
Bank. Such mitigation measures include, as appropriate, minimizing habitat loss
(e.g. strategic habitat retention and post-development restoration) and establishing
and maintaining an ecologically similar protected area. The Bank accepts other
forms of mitigation measures only when they are technically justified. Should the
sub-project-specific EMPs indicate that natural habitats might be affected
negatively by the proposed sub-project activities with suitable mitigation measures,
such sub-projects will not be funded under this project
Pest Management (OP 4.09). The policy supports safe, affective, and
environmentally sound pest management. It promotes the use of biological and
environmental control methods. An assessment is made of the capacity of the
country’s regulatory framework and institutions to promote and support safe,
effective, and environmentally sound pest management. This policy was not
triggered by the proposed project.
Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). This policy covers direct economic and social
impacts that both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by
(a) the involuntary taking of land resulting in (i) relocation or loss of shelter; (ii)
loss of assets or access to assets, or (iii) loss of income sources or means of
livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; or
(b) the involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected
areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. The
project did not trigger this policy.
Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). This directive provides guidance to ensure that
indigenous peoples benefit from development projects, and to avoid or mitigate
adverse effects of Bank-financed development projects on indigenous peoples.
Measures to address issues pertaining to indigenous peoples must be based on the
informed participation of the indigenous people themselves. Sub-projects that
would have negative impacts on indigenous people will not be funded under the
proposed project.
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Forests (OP 4.36). This policy applies to the following types of Bank-financed
investment projects: (a) projects that have or may have impacts on the health and
quality of forests; (b) projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their
level of dependence upon or interaction with forests; and (c) projects that aim to
bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests
or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned. The
Bank does not finance projects that, in its opinion, would involve significant
conversion or degradation of critical forest areas or related critical habitats. If a
project involves the significant conversion or degradation of natural forests or
related natural habitats that the Bank determines are not critical, and the Bank
determines that there are no feasible alternatives to the project and its siting, and
comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project
substantially outweigh the environmental costs, the Bank may finance the project
provided that it incorporates appropriate mitigation measures. Sub-projects with
likelihood of having negative impacts on forests will not be funded under the
project.
Cultural Property (OPN 11.03). The term “cultural property” includes sites having
archaeological (prehistoric), paleontological, historical, religious, and unique
natural values. The Bank’s general policy regarding cultural property is to assist in
their preservation, and to seek to avoid their elimination. Specifically, the Bank (i)
normally declines to finance projects that will significantly damage non-replicable
cultural property, and will assist only those projects that are sited or designed so as
to prevent such damage; and (ii) will assist in the protection and enhancement of
cultural properties encountered in Bank-financed projects, rather than leaving that
protection to chance. The management of cultural property of a country is the
responsibility of the government. The government’s attention should be drawn
specifically to what is known about the cultural property aspects of the proposed
project site and appropriate agencies, NGOs, or university departments should be
consulted; if there are any questions concerning cultural property in the area, a brief
reconnaissance survey should be undertaken in the field by a specialist. The
proposed project will not fund sub-projects that will have negative impacts on
cultural property.
Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). For the life of any dam, the owner is responsible for
ensuring that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for
the safety to the dam, irrespective of its funding sources or construction status. The
Bank distinguishes between small and large dams. Small dams are normally less
than 15 m in height; this category includes, for example, farm ponds, local silt
retention dams, and low embankment tanks. For small dams, generic dam safety
measures designed by qualified engineers are usually adequate. This policy does not
apply to the proposed project.
Projects on International Waterways (O 7.50). The Bank recognizes that the
cooperation and good will of riparians is essential for the efficient utilization and
protection of international waterways and attaches great importance to riparians
making appropriate agreements or arrangement for the entire waterway or any part
thereof. Projects that trigger this policy include hydroelectric, irrigation, flood
control, navigation, drainage, water and sewerage, industrial, and similar projects
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that involve the use or potential pollution of international waterways. The proposed
project did not triggered this policy
Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60). Project in disputed areas may occur in the Bank
and its member countries as well as between the borrower and one or more
neighbouring countries. Any dispute over an area in which a proposed project is
located requires formal procedures at the earliest possible stage. The Bank attempts
to acquire assurance that it may proceed with a project in a disputed area if the
governments concerned agree that, pending the settlement of the dispute, the project
proposed can go forward without prejudice to the claims of the country having a
dispute. This policy is not expected to be triggered by sub-projects. This policy is
unlikely to be triggered by sub-projects to be funded by this project.
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ANNEX 3: Draft EIA /ESIA Terms Of Reference
Introduction and context
This part will be completed in time and will include necessary information related to
the context and methodology to carry out the study.
Objectives of study
This section will indicate (i) the objectives and the project activities; (ii) the activities
that may cause environmental and social negative impacts and needing adequate
mitigation measures.
Tasks
The consultant should realize the following:
Describe the biophysical characteristics of the environment where the project
activities will be undertaken; and underline the main constraints that need to be
taken into account at the field preparation, during the implementation and
exploitation/maintenance of equipments.
Assess the potential environmental and social impacts related to project activities
and recommend adequate mitigation measures, including costs estimation..
Review political, legal and institutional framework, at national and international
level, related to environmental, identify the constraints and suggest
recommendations for reinforcement
Identify responsibilities and actors for the implementation of proposed mitigation
measures
Assess the capacity available to implement the proposed mitigation measures, and
suggest recommendation in terms of training and capacity building, and estimate
their costs.
Develop a Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the project. The EMP
should underline (i) the potential environmental and social impacts resulting from
project activities (ii) the proposed mitigation measures; (iii) the institutional
responsibilities for implementation; (iv) the monitoring indicators; (v) the
institutional responsibilities for monitoring and implementation of mitigation
measures; (vi) the costs of activities; and (vii) the calendar of implementation.
Public consultations. The EIA/ESIA results and the proposed mitigation measures
will be discussed with population, NGOs, local administration and other
organisations mainly involved by the project activities. Recommendations from this
public consultation will be include in the final EIA or ESIA report.
Plan of the EIA report
- Cover page
- Table of contents
- List of acronyms
- Executive summary
- Introduction
- Description of project activities
- Description of environment in the project area
- Description of political, legal and institutional framework
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- Description of methodology and techniques used in assessment and analyse of
project impacts.
- Description of environmental and social impacts for project activities
- Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the project including the proposed
mitigation measures; the institutional responsibilities for implementation; the
monitoring indicators; the institutional responsibilities for monitoring and
implementation of mitigation; Summarized table for EMP
- Recommendations
- List of persons / institutions meet
Duration of study
The duration of study will be determined according to the type of activity
Production of final report
The consultant will produce the final report one (1) week after receiving comments
from the World Bank, SEPAs/FMEH & UD (Impact Monitoring Unit) and the SPCU.
The report will include all the comments from all.
Supervision of study
The consultancy will be supervised by the Environmental consultant attached to the
SPCU.
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ANNEX 4: Contract Provisions: Environmental and Social Impacts
1. General Provisions and Precautions
The contractor shall all necessary measure and precautions and otherwise ensures
that the execution of the works and all associated operations on the work sites or off
site are carried out in conformity with statutory and regulatory environmental
requirement of Nigeria. The contractor shall take all measures and precautions to
avoid any nuisance or disturbance arising from the execution of the work. This
shall, wherever possible, be achieved by suppression of the nuisance at source
rather than abatement of the nuisance once generated. In the event of any soil or
debris or silt from the work sites being deposited on any adjacent land, the
contractor shall immediately remove all such spoil debris or silt and restore the
affected area to its original state to the satisfaction of the responsible authorities.
2. Water Quality
The following conditions shall apply to avoid adverse impacts to water quality:
The contractor shall prevent any interference with supply to, or
abstraction from, water resources and the pollution of water resources
(including underground percolating water) as a result of the execution of
the works.
The contractor shall not discharge or deposit any matter arising from the
execution of the work into any waters except with the permission of the
contractor and regulatory authorities concerned.
The contractor shall at all times ensure that all existing stream courses
and drains within and adjacent to the site are kept safe and free from any
debris and any material arising from the works.
The contractor shall protect all water courses, waterways, ditches,
canals, drains, lakes and the like from pollution, silting, flooding or
erosion as a result of the execution of the works.
3. Air Quality
The following conditions shall apply to avoid adverse impacts to air quality:
Open burning will be prohibited.
Blasting (If any) will be carried out using small charges, and dust –
generating items will be conveyed under cover.
In periods of high wind, dust- generating operations shall not be
permitted within 200 meters of residential areas having regard to the
prevailing direction of the wind.
Asphalts and hot- mix plants sites shall not be established prior to the
approval of the contractor and shall be located at least 500 meters away
from the nearest sensitive receptor(e.g. ,schools and hospitals).Operators
will be required to install emission controls.
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Water sprays shall be used during the delivery and handling of materials
when dust is likely to be created and to dampen stored materials during
dry and windy weather.
Stockpiles of materials shall be sited in sheltered areas or within
hoarding, away from sensitive areas. Stockpiles of friable material shall
be covered with tarpaulins. With application of sprayed water during dry
and windy weather. Stockpiles of material or debris shall be dampened
prior to their movement whenever warranted.
Vehicle with an open load – carrying area used for transporting
potentially dust- producing material shall have proper fitting side and
tailboards. Materials having the potential to produce dust shall not be
loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and shall be
covered with a clean tarpaulin in good condition. The tarpaulin shall be
properly secured and extend over the edges of the side and tailboards.
In periods of adverse weather adverse impacts to adjacent residents or
site employees during construction will be mitigated by either
discontinuing until favourable conditions are restored, or, if warranted,
sites may be watered to prevent dust generation, particularly at crushing
plants.
Machinery and equipment will be fitted with pollution control devices,
which will be checked at regular intervals to ensure that they are in
working order. Best available pollution control technologies will be used
4. Protection of soils
Borrow pits. The following conditions shall apply to borrow pits:
Borrow areas will be located outside the ROWs.
Pit restoration will follow the completion of works in full compliance all
applicable standards and specification.
The excavation and restoration o f the borrow areas and their
surroundings, in an environmentally sound manner to the satisfaction of
the contractor is required before final acceptance and payment under the
terms of contracts.
Borrow pit areas will be graded to ensure drainage and visual
uniformity, or to create permanent tanks\dams.
Topsoil from borrow pit areas will be saved and reused in re-vegetating
the pits to the satisfaction of the contractor.
Additional borrow pits will not be opened without the restoration of
those areas no longer in use.
Quarries. To ensure adequate mitigation of potential adverse impacts, only
licensed quarrying operations are to be used for material sources. If licensed
quarries are not available the contractors may be made responsible for setting up
their dedicated crusher plants at approved quarry sites.
Erosion. To avoid potential adverse impacts due to erosion, the contractor shall:
Line spillage ways with riprap to prevent undercutting.
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Provide mitigation plantings and fencing where necessary to stabilize the
soil and reduce erosion.
Upgrade and adequately size, line and contour storm drainage to
minimize erosion potential.
To avoid erosion and gullying of road formations, the contractor should
reduce his earthworks during the peak of rainy seasons, use gabions and
miter drains and avoid angle termination at the intersections of cuts and
fills.
As noted in elsewhere in these specifications, ditches shall be designed
for the toe of slopes in cut sections with gutters or drainage chutes being
employed to carry water down slopes to prevent erosion. Interceptor
ditches shall be designed and constructed near the top of the back of
slopes or on benches in the cut slopes as well as when there is a slope on
adjacent ground toward the fill. When
the roadway has a steep longitudinal slope, a drain is to be designed and
constructed at the down – slope end of the cut to intercept longitudinal
flow and carry it safely away from the fill slopes.
5. Avoidance of Social Impacts
To avoid adverse social impacts, the Contractor shall:
Coordinate all construction activities with neighboring land uses and
respect the rights of local landowner. If located outside the ROW,
written agreements with local landowners for temporary use of the
property will be required and sites must be restored to a level acceptable
to the owner within a predetermined time period.
Maintain and cleanup campsites.
Attend to health and safety of their worker by providing basic
emergency health facilities for workers and incorporate programs aimed
at the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases as a part of all
construction employee orientation programs.
Obtain approval of all diversions and accommodation of traffic. A stipulated by
section- which states that “the Contractor shall provide the contractor with a
written traffic control plan which is to include when and where flagmen shall be
employed and when and where traffic cones or other devices such as barricades
and \or lights will be used. Where
….traffic diversions area planned for ….additional areas (will) be
determined and the diversions clearly defined for travel.”
Construct and maintain by – passes around bridges to be reconstructed
until such time as the bridge is open for traffic. By- passes will be
removed and the affected areas re-graded so as to blend in with the
existing contour when the bridge is opened.
6. Noise
To avoid adverse impacts due to noise, the contractor shall:
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Consider noise as an environmental constraint in his planning and
execution of the works.
Use equipment conforming to international standards and directives on
noise and vibration emissions.
Take all necessary measures to ensure that the operation of all
mechanical equipment and construction processes on and off the site
shall not cause any unnecessary or excessive noise, taking into account
applicable environmental requirements.
Maintain exhaust systems in good working order; properly design engine
enclosures, use intake silencers where appropriate and regularly regular
maintain noise –generating equipment.
Use all necessary measures and shall maintain plant and silencing
equipment in good condition so as to minimize the noise emission
during construction works.
Schedule operations to coincide with periods when people would least
likely be affected and by the contractor having due regard for possible
noise disturbance to the local residents or other activities. Construction
activities will be strictly prohibited between 10PM and 6PM.
Incorporate noise considerations in public notification of construction
operations and specify methods to handle complaints. Disposal sites and
routes will be coordinated with local officials to avoid adverse traffic
noise.
7. Protection of Historic and Cultural resources
To avoid potential adverse impacts to historic and cultural resources, the
contractor shall; in the event of unanticipated discoveries of cultural or
historic artifacts (movable or Immovable) in the course of the work, the
sub-contractor shall take all necessary measures to protect the findings
and shall notify the contractor and provincial- level representatives of
the Archaeological committee under the ministry of Information and
culture. If continuation of the work would endanger the finding, project
work shall be suspended until a solution for preservation of the artifacts
is agreed upon.
8. Protection of Utilities
To avoid potential adverse impacts to utilities, the Contractor shall:
Ascertain and take into account in his method of working the presence of
utility services on and in the vicinity of the site.
Take into account in his programme the periods required to locate,
access, protect, support and divert such services, including any periods
of notice required to effect such work in consultation with authorities
operating such services.
Assume all responsibility to locate or to confirm the details and location
of all utility services on or in the vicinity of the site.
Exercise the greatest care at all times to avoid damage to or interference
with services.
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Assume responsibility for any damage and \or interference caused by
him or his agents, directly or indirectly, arising from actions taken or a
failure to take action, and for full restoration of the damage.
9. Waste Disposal and Hazardous materials
Water and waste products shall be collected, removed via suitable and
properly designed temporary drainage systems and disposed of at a
location and in a manner that will cause neither pollution nor nuisance.
Insofar as possible, all temporary construction facilities will be located at
least 50 metres away from a water course, stream or canal.
The contractor shall not dispose of used pavement material on the road or
highway side, nor in water courses or wetlands. Such material shall be
utilized or disposed of in places approved by the CSC.
Whenever large amounts of asphaltic concrete are to be removed from a
highway, the material should be reused or disposed of by burial to a
minimum of one meter depth.
The contractor shall not dispose of any surplus material on private land
unless authorized by in writing by the owner(s), authenticated before a
notary public, and with previous authorization of the CSC.
10. Environmental monitoring
Monitoring or direct impact will be carried out by the CSC and will include, but
not restricted to, the following concerns:
Erosion along highway segments and borrow sites during and after
construction;
Silting and increased sediment loads to streams crossed by the highway
Prevention of damage to undiscovered significant archeological or
historical findings;
Verification that proper waste disposal at construction sites and road
camps is done;
Assurance that construction sites and road camps are cleaned after
construction and
Inspection of vegetation covers (removal and re- growth) on the basis of
field examinations.
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