Principles of Design
Principles of Design
The ART ELEMENTS (line, shape, color,
value, texture, form and space) combine to
form the PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
Contrast
Opposites - A large difference between
two things; for example, hot and cold,
green and red, light and shadow, smooth
and rough, organic and geometric
WHITE
B LAC K
Contrast
Contrast
Richard Deacon
Contrast
Contrast
Ruth Duckworth
Repetition
an Element of art used over and
over and over and over again
Repetition
Louise Nevelson Dale Chihuly
Repetition
Andy Goldsworthy
Repetition
Repetition
Repetition
Tony Cragg
Repetition
Alexander Calder
Repetition
Pattern
With repetition, a pattern can be
created. Any element can be
repeated to form a pattern: line,
shape, color, value, texture
Kandinsky’s Concentric Circles
MC Escher Tessellation
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
Pattern
Aino Kajaiemi Lauren Clay
Pattern
Movement
To create the illusion of action and a sense
of motion
guides the viewer's eyes throughout the
artwork
Barbara Hepworth
Movement
Giacomo Balla
Umberto Boccioni
Movement
Ruth Duckworth EvolutionofGenius.com
Movement
Dale Chihuly Jen Stark
Movement
Movement
Sydney Opera House
Movement
Tony Cragg Jennifer McCurdy
Balance
Arranged elements so that no one part
seems heavier or overpowers another
Symmetrical Balance - one side duplicates
or mirrors the other
Asymmetrical Balance - one side differs from
the other
Radial Symmetry - similar parts regularly
arranged around a central axis
Symmetrical Balance
Su Blackwell
Peter Beasecker Ferry Staverman
Asymmetrical Balance
Scott Bennett
Tony Cragg
Angela O'Kelly
Radial Balance
Richard Sweeney
Jen Stark
Proportion
the size relationship of one part to the
whole of an object
Proportion
Michelangelo Alberto Giacometti
Proportion
Anish Kapoor
Proportion
Proportion
Donald Lipski
Variety
The combination of different elements of art
The opposite of variety is unity
Jen Stark Barbara Hepworth
Variety
Sol LeWitt
Louise Nevelson
Unity
the look of completeness or wholeness
A totality that combines all of its parts into
one complete, cohesive whole.
Richard Deacon Alexander Calder
Unity
Sol LeWitt
Emphasis
points of interest that pull the viewer's eye
to important parts
Scott Bennett
Emphasis
Umberto
Boccioni