The Skeletal System
Arthritis = inflammation of the joints
Degenerative joint diseases—Osteoarthritis = inflammation of the membrane of the joint
Fractures = broken bone
Kyphosis = abnormal thoracic spine curvature (hunchback)
Lordosis = inward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)
Osteomalacia = bones do not calcify, remaining soft
Osteomyelitis = bacterial infection of the bone
Osteoporosis = the bone is porous, causing it to break easily
Rickets = children’s bones do not calcify, remaining soft
Rheumatoid arthritis = an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints
Scoliosis = lateral curvature of the spine
The Muscular System
Atrophy = wasting away or loss of muscle
Fibromyalgia = inflammation of muscle tissue
Hypertrophy = abnormal growth and increase in the size of muscle cells
Muscle Strain = a muscle tear caused by violent contraction
Muscular Dystrophy = a group of genetic diseases that deteriorates muscle tissue
Myalgia = muscle pain
Tendonitis = inflammation of a tendon
The Circulatory System
Aneurysm = the wall of a blood vessel is weakened
Arteriosclerosis = the wall of the arteries are thick and harden
Endocarditis = inflammation of the inside lining of the heart
Heart Murmur = the heart valve does not close completely
Hypertension = high blood pressure (greater than 140/90)
Myocardial Infarction = a heart attack, the coronary arteries are blocked
Myocarditis = inflammation of the heart (viral, bacterial, or fungal infection)
Pericarditis = inflammation of the outer lining of the heart
Varicose Veins = enlarged veins that are not efficient at returning blood to the heart
The Lymphatic System
AIDS = symptoms and infections resulting from damage to the immune system
allergies = a reaction by the immune system when the body contacts allergens
anaphylactic shock = widespread and very serious allergic reaction
elephantitis = parasite (threadlike worm) inhabits the body
Hodgkin’s Disease = painless, progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes
lymphadenitis = inflammation of the lymph nodes
tonsillitis = infection of the tonsils
The Respiratory System
Asthma = bronchial tubes spasm and narrow
COPD = any of several pulmonary diseases that cause chronic obstruction
Common Cold = contagious illness caused by different viruses
Emphysema = alveoli are stretched out and cannot release carbon dioxide
Lung Cancer = malignant tissue in the lungs
Pneumonia = inflammation of the lungs
Tuberculosis = infectious disease that may destroy lung tissue
Upper Respiratory Infection = infection of the trachea, larynx, throat or nose
The Digestive System
Cholelithiasis = stones in the gallbladder
Cirrhosis = liver cells are damaged and scarred
Colon Cancer = cancer that forms in the colon tissue
Constipation = infrequent, difficult defecation
Diarrhea = abnormal frequent watery stool
Diverticulitis = small pouches that bulge through the colon or large intestine
Enteritis = inflammation of the intestines
Gastric Reflux = backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus
Gastric Ulcer = open sore in the stomach
Gastritis = inflammation of the stomach lining
Gastroenteritis = inflammation of the stomach lining and intestines
Hepatitis = inflammation of the liver
Pancreatitis = inflammation of the pancreas
The Urinary System
Cystitis = inflammation due to a bladder infection
Hydronephrosis = expanded renal pelvis
Kidney or Renal Failure = nephron is unable to filter liquid waste from the blood
Nephritis = inflammation of the kidney
Renal Calculi = kidney stones that form from waste
Uremia = an accumulation of urine substances in the blood
The Endocrine System
Addison’s disease = insufficient hormones from the adrenal gland
Diabetes Mellitus = too much sugar (glucose) in the blood
Hyperthyroidism = increased production of thyroid hormones
Hypoglycemia = too little sugar (glucose) in the blood
Hypothyroidism = decreased production of thyroid hormones
The Nervous System
Alzheimer’s Disease = progressive, degenerative brain disease leading to dementia
Cataract = the lens of the eye loses its transparency
Conjunctivitis = “Pink Eye”; inflammation of the eyelid lining
Glaucoma = pressure on the optic nerve leads to blindness
Neuritis = inflammation of a nerve
Otosclerosis = bones of the ears change; improper hearing
Parkinson’s = CNS disorder that impairs motor skills and speech
Prebyopia = difficulty focusing on close objects
Presbycusis = loss of hearing (high-pitch sounds) as you get older
Shingles/Herpes Zoster = a virus in a sensory nerve
The Reproductive System
Breast Cancer = cancer of the glandular breast tissue
Cryptochidism = means “hidden testes”, also undescended testes
Fibroid Tumors = benign tumors in the uterus; made of fibrous tissue
Impotence = the consistent inability to obtain or maintain an erection
Prostate Cancer = cancer that forms in the prostate tissue
AIDS = most common STD; causes severe illness and often results in death
Chlamydia = contagious bacteria that lives in the urethra and cervix
Gonorrhea = contagious bacteria that affects the genitourinary tract
Syphilis = STD that can affect any organ of the body or pass to a fetus through the placenta
The Integumentary System
Athlete’s Foot = fungus usually infecting the toes and soles of the foot
Eczema = also known as atopic dermatitis; reddened areas of skin
Boils = skin abcess caused by bacteria in the hair follicles or sebaceous glands
Basal Cell Carcinoma = skin cancer; raised, smooth, pearly bump on skin
Squamous Cell Carcinoma = skin cancer; red, scaling, thickened patch of skin
Malignant Melanoma = skin cancer; brown or black mole-like lesions