8 – 2 STUDY SLIDES Review of WWII
Grade 8 Social Studies Mrs. J. Kennedy
Following, you will find a selection of some of the more important slides we have covered in class.
Use these slides to help you study for our upcoming World War II exam.
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When?
• September 1,1939 - September 2,1945
General Timeline :
1939
1941 1945
Sept.1 Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)
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Sept. 3 Britain & France declare war on Germany ------Sept. 10 Canada‟s involvement began
Dec. 7 Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War
May Germany Surrenders
Aug-Sept. Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki. Japanese Surrender 3
Who were the Alliances (teams)?
Allies
(major powers)
Axis
(major powers)
Great Britain Russia
France Canada United States
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Germany
Italy Japan
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Causes of WW II:
1. Treaty of Versailles
(Germany‟s loss of land and Reparations $)
2. World-wide Depression
(Made German‟s $ situation even worse; Hitler promised to lead Germany out of The Depression)
3. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes
(Dictatorship Governments - Germany, USSR, Italy, Japan)
4. Attempts to „Keep the Peace‟ With Germany
(Appeasement; Did not work)
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1. Treaty of Versailles
Germany forced to sign this Treaty A. To admit WWI was Germany‟s fault. B. Germany lost land to surrounding nations as a result. C. Germany forced to pay War Reparations to Allies to make-up for WWI damages. - Germany had to pay $57 trillion (modern equivalent) $ 57 000 000 000 ! - Bankrupted German economy & embarrassed Germans
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Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau
6 during
and Woodrow Wilson negotiations for the Treaty
2. World-wide Depression
„The Great Depression‟ made Germany‟s debt and economic situation even worse!
1923 - Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks (money)
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2. World-wide Depression Continued:
Desperate people turn to desperate leaders. i) Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany (1933) Hitler, a great speaker, was able to convince Germans that he could solve Germany‟s problems.
Promised economic growth Promised creation of new jobs Refused to pay Reparations $ Built Germany‟s army back up Began to Annex land (taking over other countries) • Most of Germany confident and happy again.
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2. World-wide Depression Continued:
Hitler provided scapegoats for Germany‟s problems
(Foreigners, Jewish people, Gypsies, Mentally ill, Handicapped, Homosexuals)
Scapegoat (definition)
One that is made to bear the blame of others. 9
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3. Rise of Totalitarian Regimes
In a Totalitarian government, individual rights are not viewed as important as the needs of the country.
Communist Dictatorship (Russia) Totalitarianism
Fascist Dictatorship (Germany, Italy)
* Dictator
Military Dictatorship (Japan)
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- a person with absolute power and complete control in a 10 government.
4. Attempts to „Keep the Peace‟ (Appease)
This led to policies of “Appeasement”
Appeasement: give dictators what they want and hope that they won’t want anything else.
•People wanted to avoid another war at all costs! •The Allies thought that if they simply ‘relaxed’ the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany would be satisfied and peace could prevail. •However, giving Germany what they wanted did NOT work! Hitler began to demand more and more!
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‘The Last Straw’
• Germany invaded & defeated Poland: Sept. 1st, 1939
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Blitzkrieg
( “Lightning War” )
A sudden violent attack combining planes, tanks and ground soldiers to quickly overcome the enemy.
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• After its defeat, Poland was split up between Germany and Russia, who signed a “non-aggression agreement” for this (a promise not to fight one another).
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Declarations of War
• War Declared Sept 3, 1939 (2 days after Poland invasion) • Canada joined war Sept. 10, 1939 (7 days later)
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Canada Commits
• May 1940 (9 months later) Canada changed from a volunteer army to complete commitment to the war effort.
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Conscription
• Being forced to join the armed services (the war).
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TWO MAJOR EVENTS THAT TURNED WAR AROUND :
Event #1 - June 1941, Germany Invaded Russia
„Had‟ an agreement that if
Germany kept to their side, Russia wouldn‟t fight them (“Non Aggression Agreement”)
Germany went back on their
word.
Russia became Allies with
Britain afterwards.
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Event #2 - December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbour
Japan enters war by attacking US at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii (without warning); Japan teams up with Germany.
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United States Declares War
• The Americans were angered by the Pearl Harbour attacks. • US was neutral prior to this, but declared war on both Japan & Germany shortly after.
U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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Revenge . . .
• June 1942 (1 year later) – “The Battle of Midway” - U.S. battled back against Japan (in Japan) & destroyed much of their army. U.S won.
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The “Battle Of The Atlantic”
• Fought at sea by Navy & Merchant Marine • Convoys of merchant ships carried supplies to Allies.
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Also . . .
• Canadian ground troops were fighting alongside British troops. • Canadian army suffered 2 defeats.
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Defeat # 1
Dec. 1941 – Japan defeated Canada & Britain (shortly after Pearl Harbour attack)
Defeat # 2
1942 – Battle of Dieppe (a port in France)
•“Battle of Dieppe was a disaster.” = 60% of our soldiers from this battle were killed or captured.
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Canada: - Became a „Force to be Reckoned With‟ and learned from its great defeats.
The Canadian force was
Canada’s air force expanded greatly in size.
no longer just 1 division but now a full army.
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Allies Hit Germany Hard:
D-day
June 6, 1944
– Allies landed in Normandy, France starting the invasion against Germany
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Canada‟s D-Day Role
Canada played an important role. 30,000 Canadians fought in the Battle of Normandy; code-named “Operation Juno Beach”. Allies had to be extremely well prepared to attack a defended coastline (as they had learned „the hard way‟ 27 in previous phases)
Allies on the Western Front
• Slowly but surely, battle after battle, the Allies pushed the Nazi‟s back to Germany.
Nazi‟s, GO HOME Already !!
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France is Freed
• September 1944 (3 months after D-Day)
– The Allies liberated (freed) France from the German forces.
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Balance of Power :
PHASE # 1
Woah, it’s scary way up here
Allies
BLITZKRIEG ! BLITZKRIEG ! BLITZKRIEG !
We got the power!
Axis
PHASE # 2
Gettin’ stronger . . .
Uh-oh !
Allies Axis
PHASE # 3
You’re in trouble now
Oh *?%!*
Allies
Axis
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Germany „Sandwiched‟ by The Allies
Canada, Britain, U.S.A. Russia
• Germany now under attack from both sides:
Russians from the East British, Canada, U.S. from the West 31
Yikes !
Allies
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War of the Pacific
• After Germany was finally defeated, the Allies focused on defeating Japan. • Canada was preparing to join in this Pacific War, however, the war ended abruptly because of . . .
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The Atomic Bomb
• Created by U.S. scientist under the code name “Manhattan Project”. • Had devastating explosive power.
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Big Decision . . .
• New U.S. President Harry S. Truman had to decide whether to use this weapon; as many Japanese civilians would be killed by it. • Decided that using it would stop the Japanese from continuing the war & would therefore save lives.
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U.S. Drops 2 Atomic Bombs on Japan
• August 6th & 9th 1945:
– U.S. dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan (first atomic bomb ever). – Almost the entire cities of Hiroshima & Nagasaki were destroyed instantly. – Japan surrendered Sept. 2, 1945.
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Atomic Bomb Devastation
• Killed 140,000 Japanese people instantly. • Plus approx. another 140,000 died later from exposure to atomic radiation from bomb.
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Controversial Decision
• The use of atomic bombs by the U.S. on Japan, remains one of the most controversial decisions ever made in World War II ( and in history ). • What do you think???
– Should the Americans have used atomic bombs on Japan as a means to end WW II?
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War Officially Declared Over
Sept. 2, 1945
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Let us never forget the cost that was paid so that we can live free. . .
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We thank those who came before, for the freedom we get to enjoy today.
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What was the Holocaust ?
• The Holocaust occurred before and during WW II (pre-1939 to 1945)
• Jewish people were persecuted, discriminated against and killed because of their religion.
• WW II helped the Nazis “cover up” the Holocaust and allowed them the opportunity 42 to mass murder Jewish people.
Anti-Semitism
• Prejudice or hatred towards Jewish people. • Existed and was allowed for far too long.
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3 Main Types of camps
• Concentration Camps. • Work or Labour Camps. • Death camps.
Hundreds of Jews stripped of clothes (& their dignity)
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Death Camps
Began in 1941. Prisoners died of: - starvation - complete exhaustion from being overworked - beatings, shootings - gas chambers. 20,000 people were killed each day.
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On Sept. 2, 1945, WW II officially ended.
It wasn’t until then that Allied soldiers made the grim discovery of what was happening to the Jews “behind enemy lines”
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The Events of World War II shaped the world as we know it today.
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Many important lessons can be learned from the events of WW II. May today‟s generation never forget these important lessons . . . 48