Cancer
By:
Sabrina Domingues
Jessica Luna
Andy Koopengsakorn
Elliot Moskowitz
Cancer
• Liver Cancer
• Kidney Cancer
• Stomach Cancer
Liver Cancer
• Functions: Processes and stores many of the nutrients
absorbed from the intestine. Clots blood to stop a cut or
injury. Secretes bile into the intestine
• Benign Tumors:
Hemangioma (he-man-ge-O-muh)
Hepatic adenomas (huh-pat-ic ad-uh-noh-muhs)
Focal nodular hyperplasia (hy-per-play-zuh
• Malignant Tumors:
hepatocellular carcinoma
Cholangiocarcinomas
fibrolamellar
Liver Cancer
• Liver cancer in adults
3 out of 10 are diagnosed in the early stages
7 out of 100 people diagnosed with liver cancer will be
alive 5 years later
8 out of 10 Liver cases are found in liver cancer
developing countries.
• For those who have surgery to remove the cancer
"About 3 out of 4 (75%) live for at least 1 year
"About 1 in 2 (50%) live for at least 3 years
"About 3 out of 10 (30%) live for at least 5 years
Liver Cancer
• Patients with hepatitis B virus who are at
greatest risk for liver cancer are men with
hepatitis B virus cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)
and a family history of liver cancer
How does chronic hepatitis B virus cause liver
cancer?
• Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is also
associated with the development of liver cancer.
Liver Cancer
• Risk factor for developing Liver cancer
presence of cirrhosis,
older age
male gender
alcohol use
and co-infection with hepatitis B virus
Liver Cancer
• Alcohol
Cirrhosis caused by chronic alcohol
consumption is the most common
association of liver cancer in the
developed world.
Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who die
of liver cancer are about 10 years older
than patients who die of non-cancer
causes.
Liver Cancer
• Symptons of Liver cancer
weight loss
poor appetite
right upper abdominal pain or discomfort
jaundice (yellow skin and eyes and mucus
membranes).
Cancer may either start in the liver or spread
from other organs to the liver
Liver Cancer
• Treatment for Liver Cancer:
Surgical Resection,Radiofrequency
Ablation as Liver Cancer
Treatment,Cryosurgery,Chemotherapy,
Liver transplanting
Kidney Cancer
• Cancer that forms in tissues of the kidneys.
Kidney cancer includes renal cell carcinoma
(cancer that forms in the lining of very small
tubes in the kidney that filter the blood and
remove waste products) and renal pelvis
carcinoma (cancer that forms in the center of the
kidney where urine collects). It also includes
Wilms’ tumor, which is a type of kidney cancer
that usually develops in children under the age
of 5.
Kidney Cancer: Prevention and
Reduced Risk
• Preliminary research suggests that higher
consumption of fatty fish in women is
linked with a lower risk of renal cell
carcinoma, a common form of kidney
cancer, according to a study in the
September 20 issue of JAMA. Renal cell
carcinoma (RCC) involving the renal
parenchyma (the functional tissue of the
kidney) accounts for more than 80 percent
of all kidney cancers.
Kidney Cancer: Prevention and
Reduced Risk
• The evidence that fish consumption, especially fatty fish,
may be associated with lower risk of several cancers has
not been consistent, according to background
information in the article.
• Previous studies have analyzed total fish consumption
and have not taken into account that there are large
differences between fatty fish and lean fish in the content
of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D. Marine omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and
docosahexaneoic acid, which are present in significant
amounts in fatty cold-water fish (up to 20-30 times higher
content than in lean fish), have been reported to slow the
development of cancer. Fatty fish has 3 to 5 times higher
content of vitamin D than lean fish, and lower serum
vitamin D levels have been associated with development
and progression of RCC.
Kidney Cancer
• They found that those who consumed five or more
servings of fruit and vegetables daily reduced their
relative risk of developing renal cell carcinoma - the most
common form of kidney cancer – although these results
were not statistically significant.
• Eating salads more than once a day decreased the risk
by 40 per cent in comparison to no consumption, while
women who ate bananas four to six times a week had
about half the risk of kidney cancer as those who did not
eat the fruit.
• Regular consumption of root vegetables like carrots was
linked to a 50- 65 per cent decrease in risk.
• There is some previous evidence to show that regularly
eating fruit and vegetables may protect against kidney
cancer but the data has not been consistent.
Foods That Increase Risk of
Kidney Cancer
• Study show eats lots of bread pasta
increases kidney cancer risk. Researchers
found that diets high in bread, pasta and
rice, which cause a rise in insulin-like
growth factors might play a role in the
increase in cancer. Diets high in poultry,
processed meat, and all vegetables, both
raw and cooked appear to decrease the
risk.
Stomach Cancer
• Stomach cancer, which is also called gastric
cancer, is a cancer that starts in the stomach.
Stomach Cancer
• Most stomach cancers start in the mucosa. Stomach
cancers are believed to develop slowly over many years.
Before a true cancer develops, there are usually pre-
cancerous changes that occur in the lining of the
stomach. These early changes rarely produce symptoms
and therefore often go undetected.
Stomach cancers can spread, or metastasize, in several
different ways. They can grow through the wall of the
stomach and eventually grow into nearby organs. They
can also spread to the lymph system, including lymph
vessels and lymph nodes. When the stomach cancer
becomes more advanced, it will travel through the
bloodstream and form deposits (called metastases) in
organs such as the liver, lungs, and bones.
Stomach Cancer
• Dietary causes: An increased risk of stomach
cancer is associated with diets containing large
amounts of smoked foods, salted fish and meat,
and pickled vegetables. Nitrates and nitrites are
substances commonly found in cured meats,
some drinking water, and certain vegetables.
They can be converted by certain bacteria, such
as H pylori, into compounds that have been
found to cause stomach cancer in animals. On
the other hand, eating whole grain products and
fresh fruits and vegetables that contain vitamins
A and C appears to lower the risk of stomach
cancer.
Stomach Cancer
• Obesity: Being very overweight or obese has
emerged as a major cause of many cancers and
especially cancers of the cardia (part nearest the
esophagus) of the stomach. Nearly half of the
cancers in this region can be related to smoking
and obesity.
• Approximately 90% to 95% of cancerous
(malignant) tumors of the stomach are
adenocarcinomas
Stomach Cancer
Symptoms Include:
• unintended weight loss and lack of appetite
• abdominal pain
• vague discomfort in the abdomen, usually above the
navel
• a sense of fullness in the upper abdomen, just below the
chest bone after eating a small meal.
• heartburn, indigestion, or ulcer-type symptoms
• nausea
• vomiting, with or without blood
• swelling of the abdomen due to accumulation of fluid and
cancer cells.
Stomach Cancer
• The main treatments for stomach cancer
are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation
therapy.
TheEnd
Sources
http://www.livercancertreatment.org
http://www.medicinenet.com/liver_cancer/article.htm
http://www.cancer.gov/templates/db_alpha.aspx?expand=K
http://www.newstarget.com/020992.html
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/news/ng.asp?id=57530-salad-fans-may
http://www.thecancerblog.com/category/kidney-cancer/
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/stomachcancer.html