5-04 - CW - Thermal energy

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__________________________________ __________________________________
6th Grade Science I – CW #5-04 CSS: ____________________/_____________

Aim: _________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Catalyst: Decide if the statements below are true or false. If the statement is false, correct the
underlined word to make the statement true.

1. ______________________ When we added ice to the room temperature water during
our “How Cold is Cold?” lab activity, the temperature
decreased.

2. ______________________ After the ice cube melted, the temperature of the water
decreased.

3. ______________________ The ice cube caused the temperature of the water to
decrease very quickly.

All together now: Balloon Adventures!

Balloon’s contents Result

My predictions are:

When the balloon filled with air is placed over the candle,

______________________________________________________________________________

When the balloon filled with water is placed over the candle,

______________________________________________________________________________

Results:
______ Both of my predictions were supported.

______ One of my predictions was supported.

______ Neither of my predictions were supported.

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Prepared by Prof. Emily Welch for 6th grade Columbians at Columbia Secondary School
__________________________________ __________________________________
6th Grade Science I – CW #5-04 CSS: ____________________/_____________

Thermal energy depends on the number of particles
present and how fast they are moving
Thermal energy is the kind of energy that is related
to heat. When thermal energy is added to a
substance, the average kinetic energy of the particles
or molecules which make up the substance increases
-- and it gets warmer!

When you boil a pot of water, you are contributing
thermal energy or heat to the bottom of the pot. This
thermal energy is then transferred to the water
inside the pot. As the water molecules move faster,
they begin to get hotter. As they move faster and faster, each one tries to leap away from its
neighbors and into the surrounding air to form of water vapor, or steam. Once the water starts
boiling, it turns into steam very quickly!

We can think of things that are very hot as having a lot of thermal energy, since the particles
are moving very quickly. However, we need to think of thermal energy as the TOTAL amount
that the particles of a certain object are moving. Thermal energy depends on two things: 1) how
fast the particles are moving, and 2) how many particles the object has.

Think about this: Which would you prefer to be poured on your hand? A small drop of boiling
water or a bowl full of boiling water? Probably a small drop of water, right? Why, though? The
answer has to do with the amount of thermal energy in the object. The water particles in the
small drop of boiling water are very hot, so they are moving very quickly. Since they are also
very hot, the water particles in the pot full of boiling water are moving very quickly as well.
However, there are waaaaaay more water particles in the boiling pot of water than in the small
drop, which means that, overall, the pot full of water has more motion overall than the small
drop of water does. Therefore, it has more thermal energy. This is why it is more likely to burn
you.

Try it out! Thermal Energy Olympics Rules

First event: Place a check in the box below the object that is the winner of
the first event. The winner of the first event is the overall winner. If the first
event is a tie, move on to the second event.
Second event: Place a check in the box below the object that is the winner of the second event.
If the first event is a tie, the overall winner is the winner of the second event.

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Prepared by Prof. Emily Welch for 6th grade Columbians at Columbia Secondary School
__________________________________ __________________________________
6th Grade Science I – CW #5-04 CSS: ____________________/_____________

1. REMINDER: average kinetic energy of an object = _______________________________
a. drop of boiling water & a pot full of boiling water

_______________________ _______________________
Check the object
1st event with MORE
PARTICLES
Check the object
with the HIGHER
2nd event AVERAGE KINETIC
ENERGY
The object with
OVERALL
more thermal
WINNER energy is: ________________________________________________

b. one ice cube & two ice cubes

c. a swimming pool full of water at 86°F & a cup of hot tea at 150°F

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Prepared by Prof. Emily Welch for 6th grade Columbians at Columbia Secondary School
__________________________________ __________________________________
6th Grade Science I – CW #5-04 CSS: ____________________/_____________

2. DIRECTIONS: Determine which object has the most thermal energy.
a. a long couch & a deck of cards

b. a gallon of chilled milk in the fridge & a Hershey Kiss at room temperature

c. an ice sculpture & a small hot cup of coffee

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Prepared by Prof. Emily Welch for 6th grade Columbians at Columbia Secondary School
__________________________________ __________________________________
6th Grade Science I – CW #5-04 CSS: ____________________/_____________

d. a Earth Science text book & a single sheet of paper

35º F

160º F

3. Look at the picture above. The man in the picture is holding a cup of coffee in his right hand (blue cup) and a
cup of iced tea in his left hand (red cup). Both cups have the same amount of liquid in them. Use the picture to
answer the questions below.

a. Which cup is at a higher temperature?

________________________________________________________________________

b. In which cup are the particles, on average, moving faster?

________________________________________________________________________

c. Both cups have the same amount of particles. Which cup has more thermal energy?

________________________________________________________________________

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Prepared by Prof. Emily Welch for 6th grade Columbians at Columbia Secondary School
__________________________________ __________________________________
6th Grade Science I – CW #5-04 CSS: ____________________/_____________

4. Create and solve your own Thermal Energy Olympics problems!
a. ______________________________ & _____________________________________

b. ______________________________ & _____________________________________

c. ______________________________ & _____________________________________

6
Prepared by Prof. Emily Welch for 6th grade Columbians at Columbia Secondary School
__________________________________ __________________________________
6th Grade Science I – CW #5-04 CSS: ____________________/_____________

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Prepared by Prof. Emily Welch for 6th grade Columbians at Columbia Secondary School