21st Century Internet--
Engineering an 'Always-On' World
Invited Talk
School of Engineering, UC Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz, CA
May 24, 2002
Dr. Larry Smarr
Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and
Information Technologies
Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering
Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD
21st Century Internet--
Engineering an 'Always-On' World
The 21st Century Internet is rapidly extending beyond the wired world of PCs
into a pervasive information infrastructure, enabled via a combination of
wireless local area networks, the third generation of cellular phones, satellites,
and the increasing use of the FCC unlicensed wireless band. This universal
access to the Net will change our personal lives as well as making possible a
new generation of SensorNets to give us real-time feedback about our
environment. College campuses are perhaps the best "early warning systems"
for how human behavior will evolve as this "always-on" internet world
develops. I will describe how Cal-(IT)2, one of four new California Institutes for
Science and Innovation, is organizing its "future of the internet" research. We
are working in an interdisciplinary fashion, with real world challenges in
earthquakes, pollution monitoring, biomedicine and transportation congestion
driving experiments in our "Laboratories for Living in the Future," built on
campus and projected outward into the community. We are currently exploring
opportunities for collaboration between Cal-(IT)2 and UC Santa Cruz, a
participating campus in two other of the Institutes.
California’s Institutes for Science and Innovation
California Institute for Bioengineering,
Biotechnology,
and Quantitative Biomedical Research
Center for
Information Technology Research
UCD in the Interest of Society
UCM
UCB
UCSF California
UCSC NanoSystems Institute
UCSB California Institute for
UCLA Telecommunications and
UCI Information Technology
UCSD
www.ucop.edu/california-institutes
Cal-(IT)2 -- An Integrated Approach
to Research on the Future of the Internet
220 UCSD & UCI Faculty
Working in Multidisciplinary Teams
With Students, Industry, and the Community
Over Fifty Industrial Partners
www.calit2.net
Two New Cal-(IT)2 Buildings
Ground Breaking for UCSD Next Week!
Bioengineering • Will Create Unique Lab Facilities
UC Irvine
– Clean Rooms for Nanotech and BioMEMS
– Computer Arts Virtual Reality
– Wireless and Optical Networking
– Interdisciplinary Teams
UC San Diego
Extend to Black Box Performance Space
“Living Laboratories” Based On UC Santa Cruz
Soon The Internet Will Be Available
Throughout the Physical World
Subscribers (millions)
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800 Mobile Internet
600
400
200 Fixed Internet
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Source: Ericsson
Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today
• Wireless Internet “Watering Holes”
– Ad Hoc IEEE 802.11 Domains
– Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps
– Security and Authentication can be Added
• Cellular Internet is Rolling Out
– CDMA2000
– South Korea Fast Growth
– San Diego, DC Trials This Summer
– WCDMA
– Japan NTT DoCoMo Launched Oct 2001
“The future is already here,
it’s just not evenly distributed”
William Gibson, Author of Neuromancer
Using Students to Invent the Future
of Widespread Use of Wireless Pocket PCs
• Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment 2001-02
– Computer Science & Engineering Undergraduates
– 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PCs at UC San Diego
– 50 Compaq Pocket PCs at UC Irvine
• Currently Using Local Area Network Wireless Internet
• Experiments with Geo-location and Interactive Maps
UC Irvine
UC San Diego
Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD; Rajesh Gupta, UCI
ActiveCampus – Outdoor Map
Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD
ActiveClass:
Shy Students Can Ask Questions
Students Write
Questions During
Lecture
1. Click in box
2. Type
question
3. Click Submit
Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD
ActiveClass:
Polling the Class During Lecture
Students
• Used in CSE 12, Our 2nd Questions Are
Programming Course Ranked Using Polls
• 200 Students in Two
Sections
• Continuing This Term
Question is posted
Others can vote on it
Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD
New Software Environments for
Wireless Application Development
• Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)
– Works on Qualcomm CDMA Chipsets
– Middleware Between
– the Application and the Chip System Source Code
– Windows-based Software Development Kit (SDK)
– Native C/C++ applications will run most efficiently
– Supports Integration of Java™ Applications
– Different Model of Security from JAVA
• UCSD Brew Plans
– Access to 40 Brew Enabled Kyocera Handsets
– Free Air-Time Through “Campus Wide” QOTA System
– BREW SDK and Technical Support Environment
www.qualcomm.com/brew/
Digital Tele-Viewer: Extension 1
DTV on PDA: High Portability
• Interactive Video into a
Handheld PDA
– 802.11 network access
– C++/Java based
– Pocket PC or Palm Pilot
Commercialization of Advanced Technology for
Home Land Security Project, May 2002
Source: Mohan Trivedi, UC San Diego
Wireless Internet is Moving
Throughout The Physical World
• First US Taste of 3G Cellular Internet
– UCSD Jacobs School Antenna
– First Beta Test Site
• Linking to 802.11 Mobile “Bubble”
– Tested on CyberShuttle
– Joint Project with Campus Rooftop Qualcomm
– From Railway to Campus at 65 mph! 1xEV Access Point
www.calit2.net/news/2002/4-2-bbus.html
Extending the Wireless Classroom
With a Briefcase…
Experimenting with the Future --
Wireless Internet Video Cams & Robots
Useful for
Highway Accidents Linked by 1xEV
or Disasters
Cellular Internet
Mobile Interactivity Avatar
Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab
Mohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2
Using the FCC Unlicensed Band
to Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone
• The High Performance
Wireless Research and
Education Network
• A Cal-(IT)2
Academic Partner
• Enabling a Broad Set of
Science Applications and
Crisis Management
• Allows for SensorNet
NSF Funded Deployment to Remote
PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO Locations
45mbps Duplex Backbone
http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html
Required Wireless Services Middleware
Applications
Wireless Services Interface
Real-Time Power Location Mobile Security Data
Services Control Awareness Code Management
UCI Wireless UCSD Wireless
Infrastructures Infrastructures
J. Pasquale, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2
Future Wireless Technologies Are
a Strong Engineering Research Discipline
Center for
Wireless Communications
Two Dozen ECE and CSE Faculty
LOW-POWERED ANTENNAS AND COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION MULTIMEDIA
CIRCUITRY PROPAGATION THEORY NETWORKS APPLICATIONS
Architecture Changing
RF Modulation
Smart Antennas Media Access Environment
Mixed A/D Channel Coding
Adaptive Arrays Scheduling Protocols
ASIC Multiple Access End-to-End QoS Multi-Resolution
Materials Compression Hand-Off
Source: UCSD CWC
Experimental Chip Design
with Industrial Partner Support
A Multiple
Crystal Interface
Phase Lock Loop
(PLL) for a
Bluetooth
Transceiver with
Voltage Control
Oscillator (VCO)
Realignment to
Reduce Noise
Source: Ian Galton, UCSD ECE, CWC
Exploring the Future of SensorNets
February 20-21, 2002
Sponsored by Cal-(IT)2 and UCSD
www.soe.ucsd.edu/Research_Review/
Can Use of These Technologies Help Us
Avoid the Downsides of Prolonged Growth?
• Add Wireless
Sensor Array
UCI • Build GIS Data
Huntington • Focus on:
Beach – Disasters
– Bridges
– Pollution
– Water Cycle
High Tech Coast – Traffic
– Earthquakes
– Policy
UCSD • Work with the
Community to
Mission Bay
Adapt to Growth
San Diego Bay
The SDSU Field Station Program
Provides Critical Living Laboratories
• Global Warming Impact
• Land & Resource Management
• Habitat Fragmentation
• Water Quality and Quantity
• Biodiversity Loss
• Disruption of Fire Regimes
• Invasion of Exotic Species
Environmental SensorNets
• Air and Water Pollution Sensor Development
– Lead is Michael Sailor, UCSD Chemistry
– Initially Temperature, Humidity, CO
– Later Add CO2, Ozone, NOx
• Wireless Internet Prototyping Sites
– UCSD Campus
– SDSU’s Santa Margarita
– Ecological Reserve
– Rapid Prototyping Site
– Linked to UCSD via HPWREN
Link in ROADnet—Bringing SensorNets to
the Dirt Roads and the High Seas
• High Bandwidth Wireless Internet
– Linking Sensors for:
– Seismology
– Oceanography
– Climate
– Hydrology
– Ecology
R/V Revelle
– Geodesy in Lyttleton, NZ
– Real-Time Data Management
• Joint Collaboration Between: Santa Margarita
Ecological Reserve
– SIO / IGPP
– UCSD
– SDSC / HPWREN
– SDSU
– Cal-(IT)2
http://roadnet.ucsd.edu/
Shrinking Flying Wireless Sensor Platforms:
From Predator to Biomimetic Robots
1 Inch
300 Inches
UC Berkeley
General Atomics Predator Micromechanical
(Air Force, CIA)
Flying Insect Project
20 Inches (DARPA, ONR)
UC Berkeley Aerobot
(ARO, DARPA, ONR)
Operating System Services for
Power / Performance Management
• Management of Power and Performance
– Efficient Way to Exchange Energy/Power Related Info
– Among Hardware / OS / Applications
– Power-Aware API
Application
Power Aware API
Power Aware Middleware
POSIX PA-OSL
Operating Modified OS Operating
System Services System
PA-HAL
Hardware Abstraction Layer
Hardware
Rajesh Gupta UCI, Cal-(IT)2
Adding Wireless Sensors to Systems-on-Chip
Will Create Brilliant Sensors
Critical New Role of
Power Aware Systems
Applications
Sensors Embedded Protocol Radio
Software Processors
Processors Memory DSP Internet
Ad Hoc Hierarchical Networks
of Brilliant Sensors
Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE
Over the Next Decade Nanobioinfoengineering
Will Revolutionize SensorNets
Nanogen MicroArray
500x
Magnification 2 mm
VCSELaser
IBM Quantum Corral
400x Iron Atoms on Copper
Magnification Human Rhinovirus
5 nanometers
As Our Bodies Move On-Line
Digital Medicine Will Emerge
• Internal Sensors—Israeli Video Pill
– Battery, Light, & Video Camera
– Images Stored on Hip Device
• Next Step—Putting You On-Line!
– Wireless Internet Transmission
– Key Metabolic and Physical Sensors
• Genomic Individualized Medicine
www.givenimaging.com
– Combine
– Genetic Code
– Body Sensor Data Flows
– Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques
www.bodymedia.com
www.philometron.com
Data and Knowledge Systems
Are the Heart of SensorNets
The SDSC/Cal-(IT)2 Web Portal
Customized to User Device
Knowledge and Data
Engineering Visualization
Laboratory
Data Mining, Simulation Modeling,
Analysis, Data Fusion
Sensornets—Real-Time Data
• ROADNet Knowledge-Based Integration
• ActiveCampus Advanced Query Processing
• Health of Civil Infrastructure
Database Systems, Grid Storage,
• AUTONET
Filesystems
High speed networking
Networked Storage (SAN)
Storage hardware
Source: Chaitan Baru, SDSC
Knowledge Environments to Support
Digitally Enabled Genomic Medicine
School of Medicine /
VA Hospital
wireless access
Medical Records
Integrated
Information
Chemical
Knowledge and Data Pathways
Statistics
Analysis
Engineering Lab
Bioimaging Enabling querying,
analysis, and creative Genomics
exploration of large,
integrated data sets
Knowledge Proteomics
Discovery
Bioengineering
Bioengineering
Department
NIH is Funding a National-Scale Grid
for Biomedical Imaging
Biomedical Informatics
Research Network
(BIRN)
NIH Plans to Expand
to Other Organs
and Many Laboratories
Part of the UCSD CRBS
National Partnership for Advanced Computational
Center
Infrastructure for Research on Biological
Structure
Cal-(IT)2 Multi-Megapixel Displays
for Seismic, Geosciences, and Climate Analysis
Cal-(IT)2 / SIO / SDSC / SDSU
Rollout Over 14 Years Starting
With Existing Broadband Stations
Developing Optically Linked Distributed
Visualization and Analysis Centers
• Driven by SensorNets Data
– Emergency Response
– Real Time Seismic
– Environmental Monitoring
• Linked UCSD and SDSU
– Dedication March 4, 2002
Linking Control Rooms
UCSD SDSU Cox, Panoram,
44 Miles of Cox Fiber SAIC, SGI, IBM,
TeraBurst Networks
SD Telecom Council
Broadband Networking Enables
New Cyber Arts
• UCSD/UCI Computer Gaming Initiative
• Computing As Social Space
• High Resolution Graphics and Audio
• Humans Interacting with Virtual Realities
UC San Diego UC Irvine
Internet Linked Pianos