CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter presents the meaning of research method, the strategy of the research,
the data and the source of the data, the technique of collecting the data, the validity of the
data, and the technique of analyzing the data. In detail, the writer discusses below.
A. The meaning of Research Method
According to Hadi (1990: 4), research is an effort to find, develop, and evaluate
the truth of the science which is done by using scientific method. Research is an
activity of answering the problem through scientific approach in order to find the
continued answer. Method plays a very important role in all research because it will
influence the research process. Hornby (1995: 734) states that method is the way of
doing something.
From the definitions above, the writer concludes that research method is the
scientific way used by researcher to find, to develop, and to evaluate the truth of
science which is studied. It includes activities from collecting the data till analyzing
the data
B. The Strategy of the Study
The strategy of the research which is used in this study is qualitative. In
qualitative research, where qualitative data have been collected by procedures such as
unstructured observations, open interviews, examining records, diaries, and other
document, the data are usually in the form of words in oral or written modes (Seliger
and Shohamy, 1989: 204). Qualitative research is a useful approach wherever an
investigator is concerned with discovering or describing second language acquisition
in its natural state or context and where there are no assumptions about what that
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activity consists of or what its role is in acquisition (Seliger and Shohamy, 1989:
124).
C. The Data and The Source of Data
1. The Data
Data is the researcher’s notes, both the fact and value (Arikunto 2002: 96).
In this study, the data are the information of activities and infrastructures such
as lesson plan, teaching materials, teaching media which are used in teaching
and learning English to the fifth year students of SD Negeri 3 Klaten in 2011.
2. The Source of Data
The source of data is the subject where the data can be taken (Arikunto,
2002: 107). In this study, the sources of data are:
a. Informants
The informants are English teacher, and the fifth year students of SD
Negeri 3 Klaten in 2011
From the informants the researcher can take some information as follows:
1) The English teacher
The English teacher is the main component of the process of teaching
English. From the English teacher, the writer can take some data about the
technique of teaching English in the classroom, the way to create the
academic atmosphere in the process of teaching and learning English, and
how the teacher solves the problem or barriers in teaching and learning
English. The English teacher as the informant in this study is Mrs. Sri
Handari.
2) The Students
The students are the main factor in the process of teaching and learning
English. The writer takes some information from the students because
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they are the object of the study who give some data as follows: a) The
students’ response about the way of teacher explaining the material, b)
their understanding about English materials, c) the result of the
understanding the material. The 5th Grade of SD Negeri 3 Klaten’s
students are the informants.
b. Event
In this study the writer observes the process of teaching and learning
English in Elementary School. The events are all activities related to the
process of teaching and learning English. From this event, the writer gets
some information about the difficulties of teaching and learning English and
how the teacher solves them.
c. The Document
According to Sutopo (2006: 80) dokumen adalah sumber data yang
sering memiliki posisi penting dalam penelitian kualitatif. Document is a
source of data which has important role in qualitative research.
The researcher uses the document to complete the data from observation
and interview. The documents here are lesson plan, English material, class’
archives and lesson schedule.
D. The Technique of Data Collection.
In this study, the writer uses classroom observation, interview, and the document.
They are:
1. Classroom observation
One way that the writer tries to collect the data is classroom observation.
Observation means everything what one sees, hears, smells, and feels by
using five senses without any intervention. They relate what they see and hear
or feel, smell or touch (Bungin, 2007: 115). Here, the researcher can collect
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the data by seeing the activities that happen in the classroom done by the
teacher and the students.
This study is qualitative research. Bogdan and Taylor (1975) in Moleong
(2010: 4) defines that the qualitative methodology is the research procedure
that produces descriptive data either written or spoken form obtained from
people and behaviors that can be observed.
In this research, the writer observed the process of teaching and learning
English on Friday 5 August, 2011at 7.00. a.m. until 08.20 a.m, on Friday,
August 12, 2011 at 07.00 a.m. until 08.20 a.m. of the 5Ath grade students of
SD Negeri 3 Klaten.
2. Interview
According to Moleong (2010: 186) interview is discourse with certain
purpose, which is done by two sides. They are interviewer who gives
questions and an interviewee who gives answer. The fundamentals of
questions are arranged bef