Spain 1945 – 1995
1
(Knight, P., The Spanish Civil War. ch. 7 and 8)
(Laver, J., et. al., Years of Division – Europe since 1945. pp. 231-249)
Rise of Franco
Franco was ‘lucky’ in his rise circumstances rather than personal ability
Spain and the Cold War
Spain at the end of WWII
700,000 people killed in the civil war
15,000 killed in the aftermath
200,000 in exile
pressured economically during the war
o no trade with Germany
o France closed the border in ‘46
o no economic help from the Allies
not allowed into the UN
Franco’s position at the end of WWII
guerrilla war in Northern Spain
challenged by monarchists
a lot of factions to control
saved by
food supplies from Argentina
Franco skilled at manipulating his opponents
Chapter: Spain 1945 – 1995
repression
the Cold War and the US
Fredrik Almlöf
Katedralskolan
The Franco regime, 1953 – 1969
2
Basis for regime
constitutional support for Franco as head of state and for police powers
the Falange maintained some of its importance, but always pitted against other groups
the army, soldiers automatically party members political posts
the Catholic Church
from the 50s; Opus Dei – technocrats, overseeing the modernisation process
monarchists, also pitted against other groups
1969 – 1981
A period of fundamental change
Juan Carlos nominated as Franco’s heir
ETA
delegation of power to the ‘technocrats’
impact of tourism and Spaniards working abroad
Franco would die
integration with Western Europe = democratisation
1974 revolution in Portugal US pressure on Spain
Spanish ec. progress growth of a new middle class demands for influence
revival of opposition; socialists, communists, progressive businessmen, liberal Catholics
a ‘new’ generation
divided opposition began to work together
pressure for change increased by the oil crisis
Chapter: Spain 1945 – 1995
Franco govt. split between ‘hard-liners’ and liberalists internal split
the king a way out
period of consensus, disillusion and consolidation
Fredrik Almlöf
Katedralskolan
Why did all kinds of people rise up against the rebellion in 1981, when they didn’t in 1936?
3
Economic history
In what way did the Cold War save Spain?
Explain some of the reasons behind the Spanish economic miracle (1960-73).
What was the effect of the economic miracle on the regime and why?
Chapter: Spain 1945 – 1995
Fredrik Almlöf
Katedralskolan