From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Solar cycle 10
Solar cycle 10
glow awoke gold miners, who began preparing breakfast
because they thought it was morning.[9]
Telegraph systems all over Europe and North Amer-
ica failed.[10] Telegraph pylons threw sparks and tele-
graph paper spontaneously caught fire. Some telegraph
systems appeared to continue to send and receive mes-
sages despite having been disconnected from their power
supplies.
From August 28, 1859 until September 2, numerous
sunspots and solar flares were observed on the sun. Just
before noon on September 1, the British astronomer
Richard Carrington observed the largest flare,[8] which
caused a massive coronal mass ejection (CME) to travel
directly toward Earth, taking 18 hours. This is remark-
The Sun with some sunspots visible. able because such a journey normally takes three to four
days. It moved so quickly because an earlier CME had
Solar cycle 10 is the tenth solar cycle since 1755, cleared its way.[11]
when recording of solar sunspot activity began.[1][2] The
solar cycle lasted 11.3 years, beginning in December 1855
and ending in March 1867. The maximum smoothed See also
sunspot number (monthly number of sunspots averaged • Solar variation
over a twelve month period) observed during the solar • List of solar cycles
cycle was 97.3, and the minimum was 5.2.[3] There were a • Sunspot
total of approximately 406 days with no sunspots during • Solar storm of 1859
this cycle.[4][5][6]
References
Solar storm of 1859 [1] Kane, R.P. (2002). "Some Implications Using the
Main article: Solar storm of 1859 Group Sunspot Number Reconstruction". Solar
205(2),
Physics 205(2) 383-401.
[2] "The Sun: Did You Say the Sun Has Spots?". Space
Today Online. http://www.spacetoday.org/SolSys/
Sun/Sunspots.html. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
[3] SIDC Monthly Smoothed Sunspot Number. "[1]"
[4] Spotless Days. "[2]"
[5] What’s Wrong with the Sun? (Nothing) more
information: Spotless Days. "[3]"
[6] Solaemon’s Spotless Days Page. "[4]"
[7] "NASA — Severe Space Weather".
[8] ^ "Bracing the Satellite Infrastructure for a Solar
Sunspots of September 1, 1859 as sketched by Richard Carring- Superstorm".
ton [9] "Timeline: The 1859 Solar Superstorm".
[10] "The Great Storm: Solar Tempest of 1859
On September 1–2, 1859, the largest recorded geomag- Revealed".
netic storm on Earth occurred, known as the Carrington [11] "Bracing the Satellite Infrastructure for a Solar
Event [7][8] Aurorae were seen around the world, most
Event. Superstorm", slide #2.
notably over the Caribbean; also noteworthy were those
over the Rocky Mountains that were so bright that their
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Solar cycle 10
Categories:
• Solar phenomena
• Solar cycle 10
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