QUIZ

							                                  MODULE TWO:
                                          QUIZ

This quiz will consist of two parts: multiple choice and fill in the blank. Some of the
questions will be straight-forward memorization, while some of them may ask you to
apply knowledge that you have learned to examples that may be given. For both types of
questions, you are asked to keep your book closed.

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following statements is false about culture?
   a) Culture consists of knowledge, beliefs, morals, customs and other features
      acquired by humans as a member of society.
   b) Culture is shared by the members of a society.
   c) Most aspects of culture are inborn.
   d) Culture is transmitted from generation to generation

2. John and Judy took their honeymoon in Italy. John was stunned and angered by how
   the men in Italy looked at Judy, and almost assaulted one man who seemed to be
   propositioning her. Had John and Judy studied the culture of Italy before they
   honeymooned there, they would have learned that Italian men are much more forward
   with women than are American men. John was experiencing:
   a) culture shock
   b) cultural relativism
   c) violation of his material culture
   d) violation of his cognitive culture

3. Material culture is to non-material culture as:
   a) values are to norms
   b) computers are to beliefs
   c) culture shock is to cultural relativism
   d) mores are to folkways

4. Jay just received a ticket for driving 55 mph in a 45 mph zone. His father smiled and
   told him that he would have to pay the ticket and he hoped he would learn from this
   in the future. Jay just violated one of our culture’s:
   a) mores
   b) folkways
   c) values
   d) symbols

5. The idea that language actually shapes our perception of reality is called:
   a) the “active-language hypothesis”
   b) the “passive-language hypothesis”
   c) the “cognitive-culture hypothesis”
   d) the “Sapir-Whorf hypothesis”
6. Which of the following might be considered an example of a symbol?
   a) the color red
   b) the American flag
   c) “the finger”
   d) all of the above

7. According to Seymore Martin Lipset, in the box “Sociology at Work” which of the
   following does not characterize American culture?
   a) An emphasis on individualism
   b) An emphasis on achievement
   c) A lack of respect for authority
   d) None of the above; all characterize American culture.

8. Daniel took a safari to Africa on a junket sponsored by his company. He came back
   with a very dim view of African morality. He found there tribes with bare breasted
   women and boys and girls sleeping together on mats. He concluded that the Africans
   are less morally developed than Americans. Daniel is manifesting:
   a) cultural relativism
   b) the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
   c) ethnocentrism
   d) symbolism

9. The paper that we write on is a material artifact borrowed from ancient cultures.
   Paper is an example of cultural:
   a) diffusion
   b) innovation
   c) lag
   d) specialization

10. Which of the following is not a type of subculture identified in your text?
    a) ethnic subcultures
    b) age subcultures
    c) religious subcultures
    d) none of the above; all are identified as subcultures

11. Which of the following might be considered a cultural universal?
    a) a division of labor
    b) an incest taboo
    c) rites of passage
    d) all of the above

12. Time would be a Western example of a(n):
    a) material aspect of culture
    b) technological measurement
    c) cultural universal
    d) nonmaterial aspect of culture

13. Washoe was famous as:
    a) the location of an ancient culture
    b) a chimp who learned sign language
    c) the name of a foundation where animal research is conducted
    d) the name of an anthropologist who studied chimpanzees

14. Cotubwe is an African shaman who finds American medical standards rather cold and
    incomplete because they do not incorporate the spiritual aspect of healing. Cotubwe
    withholds his judgement, however, because he understands that American standards
    of medicine must be understood within the context of American culture. Cotubwe is
    demonstrating:
    a) ethnocentrism
    b) culture shock
    c) cultural relativism
    d) cognitive dissonance

15. The garbage studied by William Rathje and associates is:
    a) part of material culture.
    b) no longer a part of culture because it has been thrown away.
    c) not itself part of culture, but it gives clues to what our culture is.
    d) part of nonmaterial culture.

16. Child abuse, robbery, and prostitution violate America’s
    a) folkways
    b) cognitive culture
    c) mores
    d) material culture

17. Norms that are supported by laws and certainly sanctioned when violated are called:
    a) folkways
    b) ideal norms
    c) real norms
    d) cultural universals

18. People sometimes disobey the DON’T WALK sign at street intersections because
    they see that there are no cars coming. This behavior reflects an adherence to:
    a) real norms
    b) ideal norms
    c) qualified norms
    d) mores

19. In American culture, such things as freedom, individualism and equal opportunity are
    deemed to be highly desirable. In sociological terms, these concepts are:
    a) beliefs
   b) norms
   c) mores
   d) values

20. The process by which human groups emphasize certain aspects of their environment
    while virtually ignoring others is called:
    a) socialization
    b) simplification
    c) symbolization
    d) selectivity

21. According to Steven Pinker in The Language Instinct:
    a) human language, while remarkable, is inherently no more remarkable than the
       unique abilities of birds or spiders
    b) no animal species besides humans have a well-developed language instinct.
    c) language is a skill that develops spontaneously in humans without conscious
       effort or formal instruction
    d) all of the above

22. Gestures, like a nod of the head are:
    a) universal and always have the same meaning
    b) understood in the same way by all cultures
    c) defined uniquely by each culture
    d) instinctively understood by humans as well as animals

23. Traditional Peruvian herders who live high in the Andes mountains regularly ;chew
    coca leaves, which seems to help their metabolisms adjust to living at high altitude.
    This is an example of what type of adaptability?
    a) specialized
    b) generalized
    c) destructive
    d) biological

24. A growing number of surgical procedures are now being done through the non-
    invasive and less risky use of laser technology which has recently been developed by
    medical science. These surgical procedures are an example of:
    a) reformulation
    b) diffusion
    c) innovation
    d) adaptation

25. When hip-hop and rap music are toned down so that they will be more acceptable to a
    white audience, they have undergone
    a) specialization
    b) reformulation
    c) generalization
   d) integration

26. Most modern offices have some sort of electronic mail system. Many employees are
    not willing to use the system, and those that do are often unsure of the rules of
    etiquette that govern it (e.g., whether to “sign” memos that are already computer
    addressed, what is appropriate to send to the entire network, etc.). This is an example
    of:
    a) electronic culture
    b) culture shock
    c) cultural diffusion
    d) cultural lag

27. Experiments with chimps and gorillas over the past decade or so indicate that such
    animals:
    a) can learn to talk.
    b) can communicate with humans through signing
    c) have no capacity to communicate
    d) score above average on IQ tests

28. The most widespread rites of passage across human cultures are those relating to:
    a) puberty, marriage, and death
    b) educational achievements
    c) military service
    d) work achievements

29. Folkways are to mores as:
    a) values are to norms
    b) jaywalking is to parking violations
    c) parking violations are to robbery
    d) material culture is to non-material culture

30. Direct translation of one language into another is:
    a) fairly easy if the translator is highly competent.
    b) difficult because words may have a variety of meanings.
    c) often impossible because many words and ideas are culture bound.
    d) b and c

31. According to your text, cultural relativism means that:
    a) absolutes do not exist with regard to cultural practices.
    b) some cultures are clearly superior to other cultures.
    c) cultures must be studied on their own terms before being compared or judged.
    d) cultures which are superior can learn relatively little from inferior cultures.

32. Who of the following was famous for studying the behavior of chimpanzees in their
    natural habitat?
    a) Jane Lawick-Goodall
   b) Ralph Linton
   c) Margaret Mead
   d) Karl Marx

33. During the 1960’s, Jerry became involved with the California chapter of Students for
    a Democratic Society (SDS), a militant, left wing organization which was opposed to
    America’s involvement in the Viet Nam War and other practices of what they called
    “an oppressive capitalist regime.” The Students for a Democratic Society in which
    Jerry became involved might be said to comprise a(n):
    a) deviant subculture
    b) religious subculture
    c) geographic subculture
    d) political subculture

34. Based on cross-cultural research, we can conclude that all cultures:
    a) have a division of labor in organizing work tasks.
    b) have rites of passage that demarcate transition from one life stage to another.
    c) have an ideology that helps bind members together
    d) all of the above

35. Prefabricated homes that can be bought and easily assembled in most any
    environment are an example of:
    a) specialized adaptability
    b) diffusion
    c) generalized adaptability
    d) cultural lag



Fill in Blank

36. The difficulty that people have in adjusting to a new culture that differs from their
    own is called ___________________ ______________________.

37. _______________________ refer to the rules of behavior that are shared within a
    culture.

38. Tangible artifacts such as technology, tools, skyscrapers and the like are all examples
    of _____________________ _______________________.

39. Anything that represents something other than itself and carries a particular meaning
    recognized by members of a culture is called a ___________________________.

40. ___________________________ is the process by which human beings adjust to
    changes in their environment.
41. The distinctive lifestyles, values, norms and beliefs of certain segments of the
    population are called _______________________________.

42. The “thinking” component of a culture, which consists of shared beliefs and
    knowledge of what the world is like is called _____________ _______________.

43. ______________________ refer to a culture’s general orientation, it’s notions of
    good and bad, desirable or undesirable.

44. The recognition that cultural practices must be understood from the cultural context in
    which they take place is referred to as _______________ ____________________.

45. The expectations of what people should do under perfect conditions are called
    ________________ _______________.

46. Flipping someone the “bird” or nodding in agreement are examples of
    ___________________.

47. Any item of culture, material or non-material, such as a tools, a computers, a belief or
    a value is called a ___________________ ______________________.

48. Rules that prohibit sexual relations between family members are called
    __________________ __________________.

49. _________________ _______ _____________________, such as getting married or
    a bar-mitzva, are standardized rituals that demarcate major life transitions.

50. Practices that are found in all cultures are called _______________ _____________.
                       ANSWERS

Multiple Choice
1. C                        42. Cognitive Culture
2. A                        43. Values
3. B                        44. Cultural Relativism
4. B                        45. Ideal Norms
5. D                        46. Symbols
6. D                        47. Cultural Trait
7. D                        48. Incest Taboo
8. C                        49. Rites of Passage
9. A                        50. Cultural Universals.
10. B
11. D
12. D
13. B
14. C
15. A
16. C
17. B
18. A
19. D
20. D
21. D
22. C
23. A
24. C
25. B
26. D
27. B
28. A
29. C
30. D
31. C
32. A
33. D
34. D
35. C

Fill in Blank
36. Culture Shock
37. Norms
38. Material Culture
39. Symbol
40. Adaptation
41. Subcultures