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08 August 2002 Page 1 of 354
THURSDAY, 8 AUGUST 2002
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
____
The House met at 14:01.
The Chairperson of Committees took the Chair and
requested members to observe a moment of silence for
prayers or meditation.
ANNOUNCEMENTS, TABLINGS AND COMMITTEE REPORTS - see col
0000.
NOTICES OF MOTION
Ms S C VAN DER MERWE: Chairperson I shall move on behalf
of the ANC on the next sitting day of the House:
That the House -
(1).notes that -
08 August 2002 Page 2 of 354
(a).the African Union was formally launched on 9
July 2002 in Durban; and
(b).the President of the Republic of South Africa,
the hon Thabo Mbeki, was elected the first
chairperson of the African Union;
(2).believes that the launch of the African Union
represents the commitment of the African people to
building unity, solidarity, peace and stability,
good governance, economic development and a
culture of human rights on the continent;
(3).welcomes the launch of the African Union; and
(4).congratulates President Thabo Mbeki on his
election as the first chairperson of the African
Union.
[Applause.]
Mr E K MOORCROFT: Chairperson, I give notice that on the
next sitting day of the House I shall move:
08 August 2002 Page 3 of 354
That the House -
(1).notes that former ANC activist Mkhuseli Jack, has
requested President Mbeki to replace failed
Eastern Cape Premier, Makhenkesi Stofile;
(2).further notes that Mr Jack lists, among failures -
(a).the nonpayment of 7 000 teachers;
(b).the late or nondelivery of books to schools;
(c).the failure of the school feeding scheme; and
(d).chaos in the provision of health care;
(3).expresses its support for this call to fire Mr
Stofile; and
(4).urges the ANC to put delivery and good governance
ahead of personal and party loyalties.
[Applause.]
08 August 2002 Page 4 of 354
Mr J H SLABBERT: Chair, I give notice that on the next
sitting day of the House I shall move on behalf of the
IFP:
That the House -
(1).notes that Transnet has awarded three major
contracts worth more than R2,2 billion to start
the development of the Ngqura port in the Coega
industrial development zone near Port Elizabeth;
(2).further notes that the new port is expected to
receive its first ships by September 2004; and
(3).acknowledges and congratulates Transnet on its
commitment to socioeconomic upliftment by
stipulating that black economic empowerment
companies are to have a minimum of 30%
participation in the awarded contracts.
Mr D J SITHOLE: Chairperson, on the next sitting day of
the House I shall move on behalf of the ANC:
That the House -
08 August 2002 Page 5 of 354
(1).notes that -
(a).President Joseph Kabila of the Democratic
Republic of Congo and President Paul Kagame of
Rwanda signed a peace agreement to end the
military conflict between their two countries;
and
(b).the signing of this agreement is as a result
of months of negotiations facilitated by the
President of the Republic of South Africa, the
hon Thabo Mbeki;
(2).believes that -
(a).the signing of this peace agreement represents
an important milestone in the struggle for the
realisation of peace and prosperity on the
African continent; and
(b).this agreement will contribute positively to
making this century an African one and to the
furtherance of the objectives of the New
Partnership for Africa's Development; and
08 August 2002 Page 6 of 354
(3).the people of South Africa welcome the signing of
the peace agreement as it ushers in a new era of
solidarity and common purpose among the peoples of
Africa.
[Applause.]
Dr B L GELDENHUYS: Chairperson, I hereby give notice
that I shall move on the next sitting day of the House:
That the House -
(1).notes with concern that 2 900 commercial farmers
in Zimbabwe will be forced to vacate their farms
by midnight today with devastating consequences
for the economy of the whole region;
(2).expresses its deepest concern that the aforesaid
evacuation will aggravate the plight of more than
six million people in Zimbabwe facing starvation
in the next 12 months; and
(3).calls on the SA Government to do everything within
its power to safeguard the investments and
08 August 2002 Page 7 of 354
property of SA citizens in Zimbabwe in terms of
the bilateral agreement on the protection of
investments and thanks it for its endeavours so
far in this regard.
[Applause.]
Mr S ABRAM: Chairperson, I give notice that I shall move
at the next sitting of the House:
That the House -
(1).notes the talks between the leader of the UDM, Mr
Bantu Holomisa and Palestinian President, Yasser
Arafat, as well as Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister
Michael Melchlor;
(2).acknowledges the escalating conflict inflicting
loss of life, damage to infrastructure and the
psychological and emotional trauma being suffered;
(3).calls upon the UN to enforce its resolutions
calling for the withdrawal of Israeli tanks and
08 August 2002 Page 8 of 354
forces from all occupied Palestinian territories;
and
(4).further calls upon all parties involved in the
conflict to return to the negotiating table
mediated by pragmatic, trustworthy and neutral
internationally acclaimed personalities.
Ms E THABETHE: Chairperson, on the next sitting day of
the House I shall move on behalf of the ANC:
That the House -
(1).notes that -
(a).David Potse was found guilty and sentenced to
life imprisonment and 18 years for indecently
assaulting and raping baby Tshepang; and
(b).the crime committed by this rapist is the most
gruesome form of human rights violation and
must be condemned by all;
08 August 2002 Page 9 of 354
(2).believes that women and children's rights must be
consistently upheld and respected by all in our
society;
(3).commends the good work done by the SAPS and our
criminal justice system in effecting justice in
this case and welcomes the sentence thus meted
out; and
(4).calls on our youth to work towards the moral
regeneration of our society and to protect and
defend the rights and dignity of the girl child.
[Applause.]
Mrs R M SOUTHGATE: Mr Chairman, I hereby give notice I
will move on behalf of the ACDP at the next sitting of
the House:
That the House -
(1).notes with concern the plight of women in
Bangladesh, in particular the more than 200 women
who last year alone were brutally attacked by men
08 August 2002 Page 10 of 354
with sulphuric acid, which resulted in terrible
scars;
(2).commends these brave women for their strength and
determination to continue to fight for their lives
and their rights in the face of such adversity,
especially in Bangladesh, where women have very
low standing, even more so if they are married;
(3).stands together with the ACDP, as we commemorate
Women's Day in Parliament today, to salute not
only these women, but women worldwide, from all
walks of life, including all the abused women in
South Africa who have endured physical, emotional
or psychological abuse and have survived against
great odds; and
(4).calls on the Government to increase awareness of
abuse against women and to instill justice where
justice is due, to help put abusers behind bars
and to make our nation a safer place for all.
Mr I S MFUNDISI: Chairperson, on the next sitting day of
the House I shall move on behalf of the UCDP:
08 August 2002 Page 11 of 354
That the House -
(1).notes with concern that in this women's month the
University of South Africa is faced with a
situation of having to decide whether or not to
pay the legal fees of their disgraced Chairman of
Council, Mr McCaps Motimele, who has been ordered
to pay R150 000,00 and legal costs for having
sexually harassed a former lecturer at the
university, Dr Margaret Orr;
(2).notes that whatever he did was a personal matter;
and
(3).acknowledges that -
(a).public funds should not be committed to this
despicable conduct, as it would be supporting
him against her; and
(b).at best he should be relieved of the
responsibility of being chairman of such a
world-acclaimed centre of learning.
08 August 2002 Page 12 of 354
[Applause.]
Mr L N DIALE: Chairperson, on the next sitting day of
the House I shall move on behalf of the ANC:
That the House -
(1).notes that -
(a).ANC stalwart and veteran of uMkhonto weSizwe,
Comrade Justice ``Gizenga'' Mpanza, passed
away on Tuesday, 30 July 2002, after a short
illness;
(b).Comrade Gizenga served in the Wankie military
campaign as part of the Luthuli detachment and
fought alongside comrades such as James April,
Cletus Mzimela, Joseph Nduli, Chris Hani,
Basil February and many others; and
(c).comrade Gizenga served on Robben Island with
Comrades Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Ahmed
Kathrada and others;
08 August 2002 Page 13 of 354
(2).salutes this gallant fighter and giant of our
revolution; and
(3).the people of South Africa convey our deepest and
sincerest condolences to the Mpanza family and
friends, and vow to take forward the progressive
values and principles to which he dedicated all
his life.
[Applause.]
Mr S B FARROW: Chairperson, I hereby give notice that I
shall move on behalf of the DP at the next sitting day
of the House:
That the House -
(1).notes that -
(a).today is the last day on which Zimbabwean
commercial farmers and farmworkers may legally
be on their land;
08 August 2002 Page 14 of 354
(b).the disastrous directive by Zanu-PF will
displace 1,5 million people who will be left
destitute by this wilful destruction of the
agricultural economy; and
(c).famine will affect 6,5 million people in
Zimbabwe and a further 6 million people in
countries which relied on food imports from
Zimbabwe; and
(2).recognises that it is only the 50 000 large and
small commercial farmers in South Africa who stand
between food and famine in the Southern African
region.
[Applause.]
Mr H J BEKKER: Mr Chairman, I hereby give notice that on
the next sitting day of the House I shall move on behalf
of the IFP:
That the House -
08 August 2002 Page 15 of 354
(1).notes the contents of the report of the Myburgh
commission in respect of the severe devaluation of
the rand earlier this year;
(2).further notes that the IFP at the time of the
appointment of the commission indicated that this
investigation would be a costly exercise, which
would do no more than give the Government a
greater understanding of market forces and
exchange rate fluctuations; and
(3).therefore urges Government Ministers and
spokespersons to give careful consideration to
statements issued by them in order that such
statements do not impact negatively on the market
place and lead to the volatility in the value of
the rand, so clearly demonstrated by the recent
Government fiasco regarding mining rights and the
future ownership and shareholding of mines.
Ms N L HLANGWANA: Chairperson, I hereby give notice that
on the next sitting day of the House I shall move on
behalf of the ANC:
08 August 2002 Page 16 of 354
That the House -
(1).notes that -
(a).Natalie du Toit was presented with the David
Dixon Award for the most outstanding athlete
of the Commonwealth Games on 4 August 2002;
and
(b).Natalie du Toit made history when she swam
against able-bodied swimmers in the 800 metres
in the Commonwealth Games on Friday, 2 August,
in Manchester, in the process earning two gold
medals;
(2).believes that -
(a).her achievements serve as an honour to all
South Africans and women in particular; and
(b).this achievement further demonstrates the
strength and resilience of women who,
throughout our history, have been in the
forefront of our social transformation
08 August 2002 Page 17 of 354
processes, aimed at realising a truly free,
nonsexist, nonracial, democratic South Africa;
and
(3).notes that -
(a).the ANC and the people of South Africa
congratulate Natalie du Toit on her sterling
performance during these games; and
(b).her achievements serve as an inspiration to
all young people in South Africa.
[Applause.]
Mr J DURAND: Chairperson, I hereby give notice that on
the next sitting day of the House I shall move on behalf
of the New NP:
That the House -
(1).notes with concern the appalling working
conditions that some factory workers are exposed
to on a daily basis;
08 August 2002 Page 18 of 354
(2).finds it shocking and totally unacceptable that
some employers can be so careless about their
workers' general well-being;
(3).believes that workers are businesses' most
valuable asset and are entitled to safe and
healthy working conditions; and
(4).notes that the New NP welcomes the Department of
Labour's decisive action against employers who are
not adhering to prescribed labour legislation and
calls on the department to expand their
investigation, because illegal labour practices
must be stopped.
[Applause.]
Ms N C NKABINDE: Mr Chairman, I will move on behalf of
the UDM at the next sitting of this House:
That the House -
(1).notes -
08 August 2002 Page 19 of 354
(a).the disconnection of water and electricity
supplies to numerous schools in the Blue Crane
Municipality; and
(b).the debt of R1,4 million following a payment
of R81 000 earlier this week;
(2).expresses its utter frustration at the
unacceptable schooling conditions in which
students had to ask neighbouring communities to
use basic services such as toilets and water; and
(3).calls on the Minister of Education to ensure that
such deplorable education conditions do not repeat
themselves and to guarantee the creation of a
suitable learning environment for all our
children.
DEATH OF MARIA MAMODUPI RANTHO
(Draft Resolution)
The CHIEF WHIP OF THE MAJORITY PARTY: Chairperson, I
hereby move without notice:
08 August 2002 Page 20 of 354
That the House -
(1).notes that -
(a).Maria Mamodupi Rantho, a former ANC member of
the National Assembly, passed away on 12 July
2002;
(b).Ms Rantho served in Parliament between 1995
and 1998 and that during this term she served
in the Portfolio Committee on Public Service
and Administration and the Portfolio Committee
on Reconstruction and Development Programme;
and
(c).she was later appointed as a commissioner in
the Public Service until her untimely death;
(2).acknowledges her immense contribution to the
struggle for justice in South Africa and her
relentless commitment to advocating the rights of
persons with disabilities and building a new
democratic, nonracial, nonsexist and prosperous
South Africa; and
08 August 2002 Page 21 of 354
(3).mourns the loss of this patriot and extends its
sincere condolences to her family and friends.
Agreed to.
CONGRATULATIONS TO SOUTH AFRICAN COMMONWEALTH GAMES TEAM
(Draft Resolution)
Mr M J ELLIS: Chairperson, I hereby move without notice:
That the House -
(1).welcomes home the South African Commonwealth Games
team who, together, won 46 medals;
(2).congratulates them on their achievements and the
manner in which they participated in the Games,
which brought credit to their country; and
(3).commends Natalie du Toit on receiving the first
David Dixon Award as the outstanding athlete of
the Commonwealth Games and symbolising the
08 August 2002 Page 22 of 354
determination of South Africans to overcome
adversity and succeed.
Agreed to.
SHOPRITE-CHECKERS WOMAN OF THE YEAR 2002
(Draft Resolution)
The CHIEF WHIP OF THE MAJORITY PARTY: Chairperson, I
hereby move without notice:
That the House -
(1).notes that Ms Fhawutani Ramabulana from the
Northern Province was voted the Shoprite-Checkers
Woman of the Year 2002;
(2).believes that -
(a).Ms Ramabulana serves as an inspiration to
young women to work hard; and
08 August 2002 Page 23 of 354
(b).her achievement is consistent with the
political programme of the Government and the
people of South Africa to create an enabling
environment for the empowerment of women as we
celebrate national Women's Day; and
(3).congratulates Ms Ramabulana on receiving this
important and prestigious award.
Agreed to.
CELEBRATING WOMEN'S DAY
(Draft Resolution)
Mr M J ELLIS: Chairperson, I hereby move without notice:
That the House -
(1).notes that -
(a).Friday, 9 August, is Women's Day which will be
celebrated throughout our country; and
08 August 2002 Page 24 of 354
(b).the struggle for full equality for women has
still not been won and that in almost every
sphere of our national life women still do not
enjoy the equality which is their right in
terms of our Constitution; and
(2).while celebrating the advances made and the real
achievements of women in our country, nevertheless
commits itself to achieving that which our
Constitution promises.
Agreed to.
OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE OF ERNIE ELS IN BRITISH OPEN
(Draft Resolution)
Mr J DURAND: Chairperson, I hereby move without notice:
That the House -
(1).notes with pride the outstanding performance of
Ernie Els during the British Open and
congratulates him on his victory; and
08 August 2002 Page 25 of 354
(2).also wishes all the participants in the African
Games the best of luck and believes that they will
follow in Ernie Els' footsteps and do South Africa
proud.
Agreed to.
MURDER OF MR JOAS BAKER MOGALE
(Draft Resolution)
Dr M S MOGOBA: Chairperson, I move without notice:
That the House -
(1).notes -
(a).with sadness, the murder of Mr Joas Baker
Mogale of Atteridgeville, Pretoria;
(b).that Baker was a former Robben Island veteran,
a member of the Pan Africanist Congress of
Azania and a leading light in black economic
empowerment;
08 August 2002 Page 26 of 354
(c).that he was one of the founder members of the
Foundation for African Business and Consumer
Services (Fabcos) in 1988, became General
Secretary (Administration and Public Liaison)
of Nafcoc and was one of the first directors
of Future Bank; and
(d).that he was also a founder member of Tsogo
Sun, a director of Business Beat (a Deloitte
and Touche subsidiary) and a board member of
Business Partners;
(2).expresses condolences to his wife, Sheba, and
family; and
(3).hopes that criminal violence, that robs us of the
cream of our nation, can be contained or rooted
out completely.
Agreed to.
APPOINTMENT OF PUBLIC PROTECTOR
(Draft Resolution)
08 August 2002 Page 27 of 354
The CHIEF WHIP OF THE MAJORITY PARTY: Madam Speaker, I
move the motion as it appears on the Order Paper as
follows:
That, notwithstanding the resolution adopted by the
House on 24 June 2002, the date by which the Ad Hoc
Committee on Appointment of Public Protector must
complete its task be extended from 8 August 2002 to 30
August 2002.
Agreed to.
RECOMMITMENT OF SOUTH AFRICAN MARITIME AND AERONAUTICAL
SEARCH AND RESCUE BILL TO PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE
(Draft Resolution)
The CHIEF WHIP OF THE MAJORITY PARTY: Madam Speaker, I
hereby move the motion on the Order Paper as follows:
That the House recommits the South African Maritime
and Aeronautical Search and Rescue Bill [B 23B - 2002]
to the Portfolio Committee on Transport for further
consideration and report.
08 August 2002 Page 28 of 354
Agreed to.
EXTENSION OF TIME ALLOTTED TO THE MINISTER OF
ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AND TOURISM
(Draft Resolution)
The CHIEF WHIP OF THE MAJORITY PARTY: Madam Speaker, I
hereby move the motion printed in my name on the Order
Paper as follows:
That, notwithstanding Rule 106, the time allotted to
the Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism for
his statement today, be extended to 30 minutes.
Agreed to.
The SPEAKER: Hon members, I have received a request from
the Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism to
make a statement on the World Summit on Sustainable
Development. I will now grant the Minister an
opportunity to make his statement.
WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
08 August 2002 Page 29 of 354
(Statement)
The MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AND TOURISM: Madam
Speaker and hon members, Southern Africa is the cradle
of humankind. About 120 000 years ago, human beings
began the journey from here to occupy the other
continents and the furthest corners of planet earth. For
most of this period, our ancestors lived in harmony with
nature. Over the millennia, human beings advanced
socially, economically and culturally, never once facing
self-destruction.
All that changed in the last 100 years. Human beings,
for the first time, started destroying the very earth
which we need for our survival. Much of the world's fish
stocks have been depleted. Large quantities of carbon
dioxide pumped into the atmosphere by industrial and
motor vehicles has led to global warming. Many plant and
animal species are becoming extinct. Rivers and
underground water resources are being polluted, and
forests are being destroyed. The last century can be
characterised as the era of unsustainable development.
08 August 2002 Page 30 of 354
Our world is on a development path that is
unsustainable. If we all consume as much as the average
US citizen does, this world will implode. But the
patterns of consumption are not just unsustainable, they
are also unfair. The entire continent of Africa is
responsible for a mere 3% of carbon emissions into the
atmosphere, yet pays the same high price for climate
change as the rest of the world. So, poor Africans are
subsidising rich Americans, Europeans and Japanese.
The first United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment was held in 1972 in Stockholm. Speaking in
Rio de Janeiro in June this year, President Mbeki said,
and I quote:
Today, thirty years later, we have fewer fish in the
sea, more carbon dioxide being pumped into the
atmosphere, more desertification, more soil erosion,
and more species extinction.
Our very development model is questioned daily by the
earth's ecosystem, on which all life and all economic
activity is dependent. Our patterns of consumption and
production cannot be left unchecked. If the Chinese
08 August 2002 Page 31 of 354
citizen is to consume the same quantity of crude oil
as his or her US counterpart, China would need over 80
million barrels of oil a day - slightly more than the
74 million barrels a day the entire world now
produces. If annual paper use in China of 35kg per
person were to climb to the US level of 342kg, China
would need more paper than the world currently
produces.
The period since the Rio Earth Summit was one of
unprecedented global economic growth. Growth in the
world economy in the year 2000 alone exceeded that
during the entire 19th century. Yet people continue to
die of hunger; babies are born, grow up and die without
being able to read or write; many fellow humans do not
have clean water to drink; and people die of curable
diseases. The gulf between the rich and poor members of
the human race widens as we speak.
The Johannesburg World Summit must take further our
pledge at the Millennium Summit to eradicate poverty. It
must focus on implementation and action. Its outcome
must make sense to she who has to walk for kilometres to
fetch drinking water and to she who spends hours
08 August 2002 Page 32 of 354
gathering firewood for energy. It must also speak to he
who consumes more than the earth can give.
The quest for sustainable development cannot and should
not be separated from the struggle for the emancipation
of women. The burden of women in developing countries is
compounded by poverty, malnutrition, lack of access to
fresh water, inadequate sanitation and desertification.
The dominance of men in global decision-making must
change. Something is wrong when, even in the year 2002,
the entire world only has 22 woman environment
Ministers.
The Johannesburg World Summit is now only two weeks
away. We are nearing the end of a long preparatory
period spanning the past two years. At the beginning of
the process, it was not possible to say with any degree
of certainty what the scale, agenda or outcomes of the
summit would be. But now, on the eve of the event, the
stage is set and the agenda is clear. As the world
begins to gather in Johannesburg over the next few
weeks, they will build on the far-reaching consensus
that was generated during an extremely rich and
comprehensive global preparatory process.
08 August 2002 Page 33 of 354
What are the main areas of agreement? Firstly, there is
consensus that the central focus of the summit should be
on the eradication of poverty. Secondly, there is
consensus that the summit must be primarily about
implementation and delivery. Thirdly, it is agreed that
there should be a balanced emphasis on all three pillars
of sustainable development: social development, economic
development and the protection of the environment.
Fourthly, it is agreed that the main areas of action
should be access to water and sanitation; access to
energy, health care, food security, and biodiversity and
ecosystem management. Fifthly, there is consensus that
implementation must involve partnerships between
governments of the North and the South, and between
governments and the private sector and civil society.
Sixthly, there is agreement that Africa must enjoy
priority in the action plans, with Nepad serving as the
delivery vehicle. Seventhly, there is consensus that
that summit must endorse and rededicate itself to the
decisions of the Rio Earth Summit, including agenda 21.
There are outstanding areas on which agreements have not
been reached. These include the application of the
principle of common but differentiated responsibility
08 August 2002 Page 34 of 354
among countries for sustainable development; the setting
of targets for the provision of adequate sanitation and
the setting of targets for renewable forms of energy;
the phasing-out of environmentally harmful and trade-
distorting subsidies; the mobilisation of already
committed funds and the need for new and additional
resources, and the link between sustainable development
and good governance.
In order to explore solutions to the outstanding issues,
President Mbeki and Secretary-General Kofi Annan decided
to convene a meeting of a select but representative
group of countries referred to as `the friends of the
chair'. These countries include Argentina, Brazil,
Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Ghana,
India, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Mexico,
Nigeria, Norway, the Russian federation, Senegal,
Sweden, Uganda, the United Kingdom, the United States of
America and Venezuela.
The meeting was held on 17 July in New York. At the
meeting it became clear that while tough negotiations
will take place at the summit, there is a genuine
commitment on the part of most countries to a
08 August 2002 Page 35 of 354
constructive search for solutions. As a result of these
consultations, South Africa accepted a proposal made by,
among others, the G77 group that negotiations should
begin two days before the actual start of the summit.
So, these informal negotiations will now take place on
24 and 25 August.
We are confident that all outstanding matters can be
resolved. All indications are that the summit will be
attended by a large number of heads of state and
government. This, together with the presence in
Johannesburg of global leaders of all sectors of
society, promises to make this event one of deep
significance to humanity.
The official United Nations Summit will, in addition to
governments, provide for the active participation of
representatives of, amongst others, youth, women, trade
unions and business organisations. Representatives of
these groups will also have the opportunity to interact
directly with heads of state and government in a series
of relatively intimate round-table meetings.
08 August 2002 Page 36 of 354
In addition to the events at the Sandton Convention
Centre, hundreds of parallel events will take place
elsewhere in Johannesburg and other South African
cities. The Civil Society Global Forum involving tens of
thousands of delegates will take place at the Nasrec
Expo Centre from 23 August to 4 September.
A number of civil society pre-summit conferences will
take place from 19 August to 23 August. Among these, the
International Youth Summit will be held at Sun City in
the North West, and the Indigenous People's
International Summit will be held in Kimberley. The
International Local Government Conference will be held
at the Sandton Crowne Plaza Hotel. Judges and chief
justices from around the world-will meet at the Global
Judges Symposium from 18 to 20 August. Private-sector
leaders will attend the Business Forum Lekgotla at the
Hilton Hotel.
The Interparliamentary Union will be holding a two-day
event entitled ``Sustainable Development: The role of
parliaments in ensuring implementation and
accountability'' on 29 and 30 August at the Sandton
Convention Centre. Over the same two days, the
08 August 2002 Page 37 of 354
Parliamentarians Workshop on Clean Air and Clean Water,
organised by Parliamentarians for Global Action, will be
held at the Summer Palace Hotel.
In order to provide for the worldwide request to exhibit
sustainable development best practice projects, a tented
city, called Ubuntu Village, has been constructed. At
the centre of Ubuntu Village is the 11 000 square metre
Tensile One, the world's biggest tent. Ubuntu Village
will be a hive of activity, with exhibitions, talks,
conferences, launches and cultural events. Among the
exhibitions will be an extensive display of renewable
and clean energy technology. The village will also be
open to the public.
The Randburg Dome will be transformed into the Water
Dome by the Global Water and Sanitation Sector. This
will be the gathering place for governments and
nongovernmental organisations involved in water and
sanitation. The Water Dome will house exhibitions,
talks, meetings and conferences on the subject.
South Africa's vibrant culture will also play a role in
enriching the event. Johannesburg's Newtown precinct
08 August 2002 Page 38 of 354
will be the epicentre of a large number of theatrical,
musical and other cultural performances.
The Global Forum opening ceremony will be held on 23
August at the Johannesburg Stadium. The South African
Government official welcome ceremony will be held on 25
August at Ubuntu Village. On the day before the heads of
state and heads of government segment of the WSSD takes
place, President Mbeki and Secretary-General Kofi Annan
will visit the cradle of humankind in order to pay
homage to our origins.
Both the Gauteng province and the Johannesburg metro are
leaving no stone unturned to make the event a success.
The province is engaged in the ``greening of the
summit'' project. The aim is to establish an
international benchmark in the minimisation of waste and
the minimisation of the environmental impact of huge
events. Ninety per cent of the waste generated by the
summit will be recycled, and an innovative scheme would
compensate for the emissions of carbon resulting from
energy used in summit activities. The Johannesburg metro
has spruced up the city to give a warm African welcome
to our visitors.
08 August 2002 Page 39 of 354
In response to a call for volunteers, the citizens of
Johannesburg responded in a spirit of Vukuzenzele. Five
thousand volunteers have been recruited to perform a
range of tasks. I would like to extend my thanks to
these patriots.
All South Africans should share in the pride of acting
as hosts to the world's presidents, prime ministers,
kings and queens, judges, representatives of workers and
business; youth and women; religious leaders, and
representatives of communities from all corners of the
earth. This will be a massive gathering of
representatives of humanity under the slogan ``People,
planet, prosperity''.
Humanity returns to Africa, our common birthplace, to
open a new chapter in human solidarity. All will be
united in the pursuit of one single overriding
imperative: the adequate provision for the needs of the
present generation without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their needs. [Applause.]
The SPEAKER: Hon members, we will be returning to the
issues raised by the Minister and others that are linked
08 August 2002 Page 40 of 354
to the World Summit when this House debates the summit
and the issues next Thursday. As hon members are aware,
we will also be participating in the meetings at the
World Summit organised by us and the Interparliamentary
Union. As we are having a debate, there will be no
statements from parties on the Minister's statement.
Before we proceed to the subject for discussion, I
would, firstly, like to greet hon members as tomorrow is
Women's Day. I want to greet the men and the women, and
urge them to focus on a certain number of issues that
will be raised, I hope, not a moment too soon.
I particularly want to welcome the large number of women
whom I see in the public gallery. [Applause.] I want to
greet all of them and, of course, on behalf of this
House, all women in South Africa. I also want to draw
attention to the fact that we are celebrating our
achievements as a society, particularly those of the
women. But we should also be focusing on what we still
need to do to create the nonsexist society that is
reflected in our Constitution. So we need to be focusing
on both.
08 August 2002 Page 41 of 354
Part of achieving that is for women in the country to
engage much more with Parliament, in the public gallery,
on the floor of this House and, of course, in our
committees. I hope we will see many more women engaging
with Parliament, and many more men speaking on issues of
how to create a nonsexist society. [Applause.]
I wait to see in the forthcoming debate how many of
those cheers are translated into actual speeches.
[Interjections.] I now look forward to the Chief Whips
promptly changing their speakers' lists.
The MINISTER OF HOUSING: Malibongwe! [Praise] Madam
Speaker, hon members of the House, the Minister of Arts,
Culture, Science and Technology, the hon Dr Ben Ngubane,
and the Deputy Minister, the hon Brigitte Mabandla
requested me to pass on a message of thanks and
gratitude to all members of the House, to the
dignitaries and the South African citizenry for gracing
the symbolic occasion of the enrobement of Sarah
Baartman which took place on Sunday, 4 August, at the
Civic Centre here in Cape Town.
08 August 2002 Page 42 of 354
A woman named Sarah Baartman was taken away from her
home country, South Africa, to London in 1810. The
African continent at the time was not regarded by Europe
as a place of historical entity. Its people, religion,
tradition and culture only made sense when interpreted
through the eyes and consciousness of Europe. Africa was
regarded as a continent divided by civilisation, which
could be described as white Africa and black Africa.
That was a time when Africa was vulnerable. Colonialism
took advantage of this unfortunate circumstance and
moved in to rob Africa of its dignity.
Sarah became one of those who suffered under colonial
prejudice, who became the victims of racism which
embodied the superiority of a people whose culture and
norms operated on the basis that what they could not
understand or comprehend had to be inferior since they
regarded themselves as the better race. What they
believed in had to be better than anyone else's, and
that was colonialism at play.
The sole purpose of Sarah's abductors was to exhibit her
in the Piccadilly Circus as an item of interest,
basically viewed as a creature to be paraded to the
08 August 2002 Page 43 of 354
European audiences for jest and entertainment. Her
captors saw in her a commodity they could use for making
profit from the circus. Rational analysis makes us doubt
if the exact intention of her being taken to Europe was
explained when she was led out of her country of birth.
All we are told is that she was promised a share of the
profits which would be generated through the ``wonder''
that she was. How sad! A so-called civilised class
debased itself to levels of disgrace and disregard for
human dignity and respect - abuse at the highest level.
The story of Sarah Baartman reveals the saddest part of
our history as a country and the humiliation that was
meted out by colonial forces to the people of Africa.
From the top of the continent to south of the Sahara,
colonialism ravaged the culture of the peoples of this
continent. It accelerated the erosion of the unity of
the groups and communities on this continent.
When one reads the balance sheet in the political-
cultural field one sees that by the 1800s colonialism
found itself strong enough to intensify and accelerate
the state of instability, characterised by violence,
wars and disorder emerging from the insecurity of the
08 August 2002 Page 44 of 354
Mfecane conflicts; the Fulbe jihads; the rise of the
Tukulor and Mande empires in the western Sudan; the
disintegration of the Oyo and the Asante empires in West
Africa. This situation is comparable to the Napoleonic
wars, the intellectual revolutions and the German and
Italian wars of unification. The problems in Africa were
not peculiar to the continent, but were a reflection of
the disagreements and expansions of kingdoms.
South of the Sahara we found the San and the Khoi being
driven out of their lands and exterminated or
assimilated into colonial society. Sarah Baartman, a
woman of Khoi origin, was identified as a subject of
scorn and humiliation. She was exported to Europe, a
continent far away from her homeland, divided from her
continent by the sea. How could she, even if she longed
for home, be able to swim back to the shores of the Cape
over the seas? How would she run away, back to her home
of warm summers and green fields? She was encaged,
enslaved and marketed in the circus as a strange
creation of nature.
Sarah must have felt lost, desolate and lonely. Those
who tried to fight for her freedom in the British courts
08 August 2002 Page 45 of 354
- the abolitionists - were told that Sarah signed a
contract willingly, implying that she signed up for
humiliation, degradation, scorn, prejudice, exclusion,
racism and sexism. Did Sarah really willingly agree to
be paraded naked along a stage two feet high to be
exhibited like a wild beast, forced to walk, stand or
sit as ordered? We have heard the following before,
haven't we? ``The slaves are happy with the treatment
the masters and madams give them. These people would
rather be here than anywhere else.'' So said the masters
trying to justify their acts.
Sarah is one of us. She is back home. She is here to
receive the burial that human beings are accorded by
their families, communities and countries. Sarah is back
to remind humanity that human rights, respect and
dignity befit all persons, no matter who they are, where
they come from and what they are called and named
because they belong to someone. They belong to a
community, to a family. They have relatives who love
them.
We love Sarah for who she was, one of us shipped off, in
a diaspora to confirm the prejudices of colonial
08 August 2002 Page 46 of 354
masters, to satisfy the curiosity of a French scientist,
who could not resist cutting up her body when she died
and dissecting it to conduct experiments and as a way of
investigating whether she was real enough to be
classified as human, or whether she actually belonged to
the circus as part of the animal kingdom tamed to
entertain circus-goers.
Sarah's brain and other soft tissues were preserved. Her
skeletal remains were put on a museum display until the
1970s. Sarah Baartman's debasement in both life and
death came to reflect, in a very confirmed practical
manner, the voracity of an unfounded racial superiority
complex.
We are here today to initiate, through this debate, the
reburial of one of us, the interment of Sarah Baartman,
and not the ``Hottentot Venus'', as she was derogatorily
dubbed.
A French print entitled La Belle Hottentot depicts
Sarah, the African miracle, as a woman standing on a box
pedestal with her buttocks exposed. Several figures
bend, straining for a better look, while a male figure
08 August 2002 Page 47 of 354
at the right of the image even holds his eyeglass up to
better behold the woman's body. Some remarks were made,
including, ``Oh! Goddamn, what roast beef'' and ``Ah!
How comical is nature.''
We are here not to mourn Sarah's death, but to celebrate
the strength of our people who made sure that she is not
forgotten, who made sure that we negotiated with the
French government to repatriate her remains. This is the
triumph of our people, the belief in human rights and
respect for the entire humanity. We have risen as a
country and as a people from the ashes of oppression,
from the scourge of apartheid and colonialism, firmly
convinced that safeguarding human rights and women's
rights is a struggle we must all continue to wage to
ensure that human beings are treated equally and with
dignity. This is the affirmation of our Constitution, of
our history, of a people determined and prepared to
uphold the principles of human rights.
To achieve genuine equality in our country, our
programmes must be based on a real understanding of what
gender oppression can do to a nation. Sarah's history of
persecution and humiliation is but an illustration of
08 August 2002 Page 48 of 354
what happens to those who are discriminated against on
the basis of colour, sex or geographic exclusion. We are
one nation that cannot afford to accept any form of
discrimination after what we have gone through as a
collective.
Oppression is rooted in a material base, it is expressed
in sociocultural attitudes, all of which are supported
and perpetuated by an ideology which subordinates women.
The history of oppression in our country has clearly
demonstrated the fact that women became the instrument
through which the strength and the resilience of our
people was tested. They were thrown onto the lowest
ladder of economic structures, turned into breeders of
labour for the mines and farms, and forced to do the
dirty and humiliating work churned out for the
institutionalised systems that relegated them to the
level of subhumans.
Women in this country, particularly African women, were
subjugated, deprived and marginalised in many different
ways. They were regarded as junior and inferior to the
male species. They make up the majority of the
unemployed, the disempowered. They were not in decision-
08 August 2002 Page 49 of 354
making structures, but our democratic approach to human
beings today is to change such patterns of
discriminatory practice.
Sarah Baartman will be laid to rest at her place of
birth tomorrow, 9 August, in the Gamtoos River Valley.
The women and men of this country salute Sarah Baartman,
who faced and fought the worst form of racism all by
herself, without the immediate collective effort that
has seen our country freed from apartheid colonialism.
Sarah's burial will be a response to the late Comrade
President O R who said in 1985, and I quote:
We do not consider our objectives achieved, our tasks
completed or our struggle at an end until the women
are fully liberated.
Sarah Baartman is finally free from humiliation and
scorn. This gives us hope that the struggle for the
liberation of this nation, from a painful past of 300
years of oppression and repression, hunger and
exclusion, will gradually redress the evils of the past.
08 August 2002 Page 50 of 354
We stand here today to thank all those who made sure
that we got the opportunity to bury Sarah Baartman in
honour. They are the ambassadors of South Africa to
France, the former ambassador, Ms Barbara Masekela; the
current ambassador, Mrs Thuthukile Skweyiya; the French
government; members of the French National Assembly for
the unanimous vote that upheld the principles of human
rights, the vote for her repatriation to her people; and
the reference group of 12 members - Y Abrahams, Prof H
Bredekamp, Chief J Burgess, Ms D Ferrus, hon member of
Parliament Mrs Bertha Gxowa, Mr J Kollapen, hon member
of Parliament Mrs Makho Njobe, Dr Adelaide Tambo, Prof P
V Tobias, Prof H Soodyall and Ms S Williams.
Sarah Baartman's dignity has been reclaimed. Through her
reburial, we may begin to say the images of women in
Africa will reflect those of people who are respected,
and the many facets of inequality brought about by
colonial influences may finally be dealt a final blow.
Sarah belongs to the women of Africa. Although Sarah
came from the womb of the Khoi people, she belongs to
all of us. She belongs to Africa. She belongs to
humanity.
08 August 2002 Page 51 of 354
Malibongwe igama la makhosikazi! [Kwaqhwatywa.] [Praise
the name of women! [Applause.]]
Mrs P W CUPIDO: Madam Speaker, I would also like to join
you in greeting all the women on the gallery, and extend
a warm word of welcome to all of them.
Suid-Afrika is voorwaar een nasie met vele volkere, 11
amptelike tale, vele kulture en uiteenlopende
geloofsbeginsels; inderdaad 'n veelsydige nasie, en tog
kleurryk en interessant in sy diversiteit. Nog meer
interessant is die feit dat 'n eg Suid-Afrikaanse vrou,
Saartjie Baartman, ons land se politieke leiers tot
stilstand bring op die vooraand van Suid-Afrika se
nasionale dag vir vroue. Saartjie is vir ons 'n
herinnering aan erge koloniale misbruik, gruwelike
menseregteskending, rassistiese uitbuiting en misbruik
van en disrespek vir die vroulike liggaam. (Translation
of Afrikaans paragraph follows.)
[South Africa is indeed a nation with a multitude of
peoples, 11 official languages, many cultures and
diverse religious principles; indeed a multi-faceted
nation, and yet colourful and interesting in its
08 August 2002 Page 52 of 354
diversity. Even more interesting is the fact that a true
South African woman, Saartjie Baartman, on the eve of
South Africa's national day for women, is bringing our
country's political leaders to a standstill. To us
Saartjie is a reminder of severe colonial abuse, gross
human rights violation, racist exploitation and abuse
of, and disrespect for, the female body.]
My question today is whether women in this country are
better or worse off since Saartjie's experiences.
[Interjections.] I recall the four very young girls of
this country who were apparently abducted by the
paedophile Gert van Rooyen and have never since been
found. Have they perhaps been raped, abused, murdered or
sold into prostitution in other countries? How many
women and children in this country have suffered gross
humiliation, abuse, neglect, rape and assault,
intimidation and unfair labour practices only because
they are women and vulnerable?
Even though this Government has a portfolio committee in
place that looks at the rights and status of women, it
still lacks the will to put structures and resources in
place to empower women sufficiently. Internationally,
08 August 2002 Page 53 of 354
South Africa ranks very high as far as illiteracy
amongst women is concerned. This is a sore point for
women's groups, who claim that current efforts and
opportunities are weak and ineffectual.
Why does the ANC Government keep South African women
poor and illiterate? [Interjections.] I believe that
improving literacy amongst women is the key to improving
women's political awareness and hence their status in
society. [Interjections.] A literate woman would know
the difference between a good and a weak government, and
that is why some governments keep their women poor and
illiterate. They do so so that they remain dependent on
the government of the day.
Kaapstad Uniestad onder beheer van die DA is 'n leier op
die gebied van geslagsgelykheid en die bemagtiging van
vroue. Agt vrouedirekteure is pas aangestel as hoofde
van sleutelportefeuljes in die Kaapstad-administrasie.
Kaapstad-munisipaliteit is voorwaar meer suksesvol as
ander metro's omdat dit nie deur die ANC geregeer word
nie. [Tussenwerpsels.] [Applous.] (Translation of
Afrikaans paragraph follows.)
08 August 2002 Page 54 of 354
[Cape Town Unicity, under control of the DA, is a leader
in the field of gender equality and empowerment of
women. Eight female directors have just been appointed
in the Cape Town administration as heads of key
portfolios. The municipality of Cape Town is indeed more
successful than other metros because it is not governed
by the ANC. [Interjections.][Applause.]]
Marthinus van Schalkwyk's dishing out of jobs for pals
and the abuse of taxpayers' moneys have once again
proved that association brings resemblance. How many New
NP women did he appoint to his cabinet? [Interjections.]
Not one!
Ek wil vandag vroue aanmoedig om op te staan en hulle
regmatige plek in die samelewing in te neem.
[Tussenwerpsels.] (Translation of Afrikaans paragraph
follows.)
[Today, I would like to encourage women to stand up and
take their rightful place in society. [Interjections.]]
Without further ado, I suppose that there is a time to
come and a time to go. Today it is my turn to greet this
08 August 2002 Page 55 of 354
House and also to say farewell to colleagues and friends
of the past eight years. [Interjections.] It has indeed
been an honour for me to be a part of the transition of
this country, especially at this level of government.
[Interjections.]
Al het dit nie altyd so gelyk of geklink nie, kan ek agb
lede verseker dat ek 'n groot respek opgebou het vir
kollegas aan albei kante van hierdie Raad. Dit is die
gebed van my hart dat God werklik vorentoe vir ons 'n
nuwe generasie leiers sal stuur, en dat hier werklike
transformasie sal plaasvind sodat ons eendag kan
terugkyk na vandag as deel van ons land se geskiedenis.
[Tussenwerpsels.] (Translation of Afrikaans paragraph
follows.)
[Even if it did not always look or sound like it, I can
assure hon members that I developed huge respect for
colleagues on both sides of this Council. It is my
heart's prayer that somewhere down the road, God would
send us a new generation of leaders, and that true
transformation will take place here so that one day we
can look back to this day as part of our country's
history. [Interjections.]]
08 August 2002 Page 56 of 354
We can only rise up if we have experienced lows. Thank
you, Madam Speaker, for your excellent leadership. Thank
you to all the staff members. May God bless South
Africa. [Applause.]
Mr M F CASSIM: Madam Speaker, I rise on behalf of the
IFP to take part, on this very solemn occasion, in a
very important debate. I wish to identify myself with
the hon Minister and the remarks she made on this topic.
I wish to address this topic under the title ``the
enrobing of Sarah Baartman''. Stripped of the covers of
modesty, stripped of her identity and the real name
given to her by her parents, stripped of friends,
family, community, tribe, nation, belonging, motherland,
dignity, political rights, humanity, love, happiness,
understanding, sympathy, empathy, communion and
everything else, how can Sarah Baartman be enrobed
adequately to compensate for everything that she was
shorn of and all the humiliation heaped on her by the
former colonialists that held sway here and who
dispossessed her and her people of so many things?
08 August 2002 Page 57 of 354
Shakespeare made King Lear observe: ``Unaccommodated man
is no more but such a poor, bare, forked animal.''
Indeed, Sarah could vouch for that seeing just how
unaccommodated she was, a mere exotic object to the type
that the Minister described as those who trampled all
over her humanity. But our unique miracle as a nation is
to see hope where it could not possibly exist and light
where darkness is at its most intense. This is our
miracle. Since 1994 we have begun to reverse the process
of the endless stripping by colonialists that damaged
our people, our flora, fauna and our country's
resources. When we enrobe Sarah Baartman, metaphorically
and symbolically, we once again invest in ourselves all
our rights, dignity and humanity.
I want to begin by saying the following to Madam
Speaker, all the women in the Chamber, the gallery and
the nation: In this extraordinary task of enrobing, we,
as that gender portion known as men, wherever we are and
whoever we are, should commit ourselves to supporting
gender equality implicitly and without any reserve.
[Applause.] The enrobing of Sarah Baartman is not one
ceremony and certainly no single occasion. Sarah
08 August 2002 Page 58 of 354
Baartman is every woman in our land and, very
particularly, every black woman in the land [Applause].
When we consciously and with dedication educate each
young girl to the level of her potential; when we uplift
each rural woman to become economically independent;
when we respect the right of each woman to her bodily
integrity; when we protect each girl-child and each
woman against rape and violence; when we allow each
woman to come into her own and to make choices and to
have those choices respected, even if that choice means
that she insists on the use of a condom during intimacy;
when we elevate suitable women candidates to the most
prestigious offices in the land so that there is a
systemic emancipation and empowerment of women, then we
would have fully enrobed Sarah Baartman and her ceremony
would have been complete. [Applause.]
Sarah Baartman is a direct and powerful challenge to
former colonialists, men and boys, all of us now living
here in our country in the new dispensation. In Africa
the leadership role of women is as ancient as history
itself. I will cite only two examples. Queen Hatshepsut
ruled Egypt 3 300 years ago and Queen Cleopatra also
08 August 2002 Page 59 of 354
ruled over Egypt as far back as 2 030 years ago. It is
nothing unusual in Africa for women to have led their
countries with great distinction and honour.
In enrobing Sarah we affirm the truth that everything in
our political lives comes full circle. Those that were
once degraded and dehumanised are now raised up in
honour and are celebrated. Those who were taken by force
and compulsion in virtual chains are now being brought
back home with love and fond remembrance. Today we, who
sit on these seats as power brokers, will enrobe Sarah
if we harken to Nkosi Buthelezi when he implores us,
regardless of where we belong, to commit passionately to
a revolution of goodwill, or if we were to make it our
mantra, in tone with the elder statesman Madiba, the
incantation ``never and never and never again''.
Power is a corrosive thing; it is a potent acid. The
Bible promises that the meek shall inherit the earth.
Believers who have God in their hearts understand the
power of love, the power of good will, the power of
faith. That is the power we should seek to develop and
that is the power we must use and encourage to be used
08 August 2002 Page 60 of 354
as proselytes for genuine and untrammelled democracy
here and everywhere else in the world.
Each of us, more than anyone else in the world, needs to
enrobe Sarah; the poor and the destitute; the weak and
the helpless; the uneducated and the unskilled; the
homeless and the hungry; men and women; boys and girls -
then, and only then, will power work for the betterment
of society, instead of just for the gratification of big
and petty tyrants and dictators. North of us and in many
other places, tyranny and despotism are common things.
In such countries colonialism ended, but true freedom is
as absent now as it has been for a very long time.
When we participate in the enrobing of Sarah, we are
symbolically also enrobing all the girls and women of
our land who are ravaged by hunger, joblessness,
violence and intimidation. The impact of HIV/Aids on
women is considerably more dramatic than on men, and if
we fail women at this critical juncture, our society, in
less than two decades, will have a severe imbalance in
the ratio between the gender groups on account of the
higher mortality rate among women through HIV/Aids.
08 August 2002 Page 61 of 354
Today we have an opportunity to commit ourselves to the
gender-equal society in the world and to freeing women
from oppression, violence, rape and abuse. Let us
together enrobe Sarah and in doing so let us act in
unison against the degradation of our fellow beings,
mother earth and those who are most precious to us,
namely our daughters, mothers and wives, our equal
partners in the journey of life.
Let the coming Woman's Day be a watershed. Sarah,
sister, we embrace you to ourselves. May God similarly
embrace you and raise you! [Applause.]
Ms L M T XINGWANA: Madam Speaker, I believe that this
day is a day of mourning. We are burying Sarah Baartman
who died 200 years ago and I therefore believe that we
should bury her with the dignity and respect that she
deserves.
Ngoko ke andisayi kungena emxhentsweni nasemtshotshweni
wokuba i-ANC ayilunganga okanye ilungile. Ndicinga into
yokuba namhlanje yimini yokuba sihloniphe. Xa singcwaba
eAfrika, singcwaba ngesithozela. Nokuba umntu lutshaba
lwakho umngcwaba ngothando; umngcwaba ngentlonipho.
08 August 2002 Page 62 of 354
Ndiya kucela ke ukuba oomama nootata kule Ndlu namhlanje
bathethe ... (Translation of Xhosa paragraph follows.)
[I am not going to enter the debate about whether the
ANC is good or not. I think that today is a day to show
respect. When we bury the dead in Africa, we do it in
dignity. Even if a person was your enemy; you bury them
with love. I will therefore, ask women and men in this
House today to speak ...]
... in unity and with the dignity that Sarah deserves.
UMphathiswa wethu wezeZindlu sele esivulele ngokunika
imbali kaSarah Baartman. USarah Baartman ube kokuveliswe
kukuhlupheka, ebesebunzimeni bocinezelo phantsi kwe
colonialism nobuhlanga. (Translation of Xhosa paragraph
follows.)
[The Minister of Housing has given an introduction to
the history of Sarah Baartman. Sarah Baartman was a
product of poverty and was oppressed and exploited under
colonialism and racism.]
08 August 2002 Page 63 of 354
Sarah Baartman, like all African women in this country,
suffered all forms of exploitation and oppression.
Baye bafika ke kweli lizwe bayitshabalalisa inkcubeko
yethu, bazitshabalalisa iilwimi zethu. Yiyo loo nto
abanye bethu bengazi ukuba umntu uziphatha njani na
emngcwabeni. Umntu uye afike emngcwabeni eze kudelela
ngathi ucinga ukuba kusemtshotshweni. Ngoko ke xa
sikhumbula, eAfrika sasingenayo imida. Sasingenaye
umSuthu nomTswane; sasingabantu sonke. Siyazi ukuba
amakhosi ethu ayephuma aye kuzeka kwamanye amazwe akude,
kungekho calu-calulo.
Masikhumbule kwakhona ukuba bona oomama aba bamaKhoi
namaSan babezekwa ngootata bethu. Kwakusithi xa kuyiwa
emfazweni amakhosikazi angabulawa. Amakhosikazi
ebehlonitshwa, abuyiswe, agcinwe, azekwe, abe ngabanye
babantu besi sizwe. Nabantwana babo bebegcinwa,
behlonitshiwe. Thina kwaXhosa nolwimi lwethu lunazo
izinto oluzifumeneyo phaya koluya lwimi lwamaKhoi
namaSan. Siyayazi into yokuba nabeTswana ngokunjalo
bahleli kunye bephilisana kusendiselwana namaKhoi
namaSan, simntu mnye.
08 August 2002 Page 64 of 354
Sitsho ke sisithi, siyayazi into yokuba abeLungu bafika
bayitshabalalisa yonke into, baqala baseka imida, benza
ucalu-calulo, basahlula. Bathabatha amakhosikazi
bawatshabalalisa bawenza ayinto yokudlala emhlabeni.
Ngoko ke ndifuna ukuthi uthe sele efile uSarah Baartman
... (Translation of Xhosa paragraphs follows.)
[They arrived in this country and destroyed our culture
and languages. That is the reason some of us do not know
how they should conduct themselves at funerals. A person
would come to where a funeral is being held and take
people for granted as if it were at a Xhosa dance
ceremony. When we try to remember, in Africa we never
had boundaries. There was no Sotho or Tswana; we were
just human beings. We know that traditional leaders
sought wives from far countries and there was no
discrimination.
Let us again remember that our fathers took Khoi and San
women as wives. During times of war, women would be
spared. Women were respected and treated with dignity,
would be brought back, cared for and well looked after,
be married and be part of that nation. Their children
were also saved and treated with dignity. We as amaXhosa
08 August 2002 Page 65 of 354
as well as our language, have things that we gained from
the language of the Khoi and the San. We also know that
the Tswanas too lived together with them, exchanged
marriages, and were united.
These things were destroyed when the white people came
as they introduced boundaries and discrimination and
racism, and divided us. They killed women and made fun
of them. Even when Sarah Baartman had died ...]
... she continued to endure this degradation and
suffering because the colonial and racist rulers
believed that she was not a human being.
She was kept naked in a cave; when she died they were
very much interested in her body. They were very much
interested in her brain, because they believed that she
was not human, that she was an animal. They did their
research, they did an inspection and analysis of her
body and, in the end, they found that she was a human
being. But because she was black, they kept her there
for 200 years, continuing to humiliate her and make her
an object of their entertainment.
08 August 2002 Page 66 of 354
Therefore, ...
... sifuna ukuthi namhlanje sikhahlela ... [... today we
want to salute ...]
... it is the Government of the ANC that has gone and
brought back Sarah Baartman and made sure that they
organised a dignified burial for her after 200 years.
Ndifuna ukuthetha ngentsingiselo yomhla we-9 ka-Agasti.
[I want to talk about the significance of 9 August.]
The day 9 August is a significant and historic day for
the people of South Africa, in particular women. It is a
day on which we remember our struggles, the women's
struggle in South Africa. It is a day on which we
remember our victories. Therefore, it is very
significant that Sarah Baartman is buried on this day,
the day of women in South Africa, because Sarah Baartman
is a symbol of all African women in this country. In
fact, she is a symbol of all women who suffer
degradation, exploitation, harassment, violence and
abuse. We, therefore, want to say, ``Let all of us
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honour this day, let all of us go and bury Sarah
Baartman.''
The ANC has declared the month of August as the month
for women's emancipation as part of the Letsima
programme. The ANC Women's League's theme for this month
is, ``Restore our dignity, respect our human rights and
together let's work for sustainable development''.
The burial of Sarah Baartman tomorrow, therefore,
signifies and heralds a new era, when women's dignity
and women's human rights will be respected and restored.
It is a new era during which we must call for unity and
peace in our country.
We therefore commit ourselves, during this month, to
continue with our programmes to mobilise and unite
women, and also with our programmes to fight for women's
rights and for peace in our country.
We also call on men and women to fight violence and
abuse of women and children. We say enough is enough.
Let us not have another baby Tshepang. We also salute
and commend baby Tshepang for her record healing and
08 August 2002 Page 68 of 354
also say she has also shown a spirit of resilience
during her traumatic time because of the hope and the
prayers of our women, as well as the contribution of our
Government to ensuring that the issues of child abuse
and women's abuse are addressed. Today the person who is
responsible for what happened to Tshepang has finally
been brought to book. Therefore we believe that this
will be a lesson to all those men out there who still
want to abuse women, who still want to abuse our
children and who still do not believe that women must be
respected. We hope that this will show them that our
Government is serious and our Government means business
in protecting our women and fighting all this abuse and
corruption.
We also call on all of us to recommit ourselves to the
programme to fight the spread of HIV and Aids. We call,
especially, on those who have started home-based care
programmes. We ask our Government to put more resources
into these programmes and also provide more resources
for the orphans who need our support and protection. We
must also regenerate our energy and make sure that we
support the moral regeneration campaign, because all
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these evils would not be there if we were committed to
this campaign.
With regard to poverty alleviation, I also want to call
on all of us, it is not just the responsibility of the
Government. I believe that our Government has opened up
opportunities. There are various programmes and schemes
that have been opened up by this Government to ensure
that we are able to start small businesses, that we are
able to organise ourselves, and therefore I call on
women, in particular, who mostly bear the brunt of
poverty, to organise themselves and to take advantage of
these opportunities.
I also want to call on our Government and our NGOs to
take up support of the literacy programme, because we
know that most of the people who are illiterate today
are women, especially women in the rural areas. I think,
during this year of the volunteer, let us volunteer
during our time, our recess, and let us go out to the
rural areas and make sure that we initiate meaningful
literacy programmes that will empower our women with
skills, not only to be able to read and write, but to be
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able to set up developmental programmes that will
sustain them and their families.
As women we are also committing ourselves to the African
Union. We know that most of the programmes and the
processes of the AU have left women behind. But we are
saying we are going to take over and take up the
programme of the AU and Nepad. We are calling for a
monitoring body within Nepad that will ensure that there
is gender mainstreaming in all the programmes and
structures of Nepad. Our Parliament has already
committed itself, so that we have 60% representation in
all Nepad structures, because Nepad is about development
and without women, we believe, there can never be
development in Africa.
With regard to the World Summit on Sustainable
Development, WSSD, we are again saying that women must
participate in that programme. The ANC Women's League,
together with women NGOs in South Africa, has organised
a programme, an international women's tent that will be
based in Nasrec, where various programmes to empower
women will be presented. We are also organising a train
that will be departing from the Great Lakes region, move
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to Uganda, down South, touching on all the countries of
Africa, which will highlight the HIV/Aids campaign and
peace and stability in Africa.
Therefore, we are asking women in South Africa to make
sure that they are involved in these programmes and also
receive the women and the people who will be coming to
participate in the UN conference, so that when they go
back home they have a good a picture and have learnt
from and shared our own experiences and our democracy.
[Time expired.]
Mrs S M CAMERER: Madam Speaker, I would also like, on
behalf of the New NP, to extend a welcome to the women
in the gallery, many of whom, I am aware, are prominent
in local government. It is an honour and a pleasure as a
woman to speak in this debate on Sarah, or Saartjie,
Baartman. Let me deal with her name first. According to
the Khoisan legal advisor, on her birth and marriage
certificates she appears as Sarah Baartman, but in the
``volksmond'', as an expression of love and affection,
she is referred to as ``Saartjie.'' I have been asked by
our caucus on this occasion, on the advice of our
08 August 2002 Page 72 of 354
Khoisan members, to refer to her as ``Saartjie'' in my
speech today.
The interment of Saartjie Baartman tomorrow in her
homeland nearly 200 years after she was lured to Europe
with the promise of fame and fortune, holds lessons for
South Africa and the Western World - lessons
unfortunately learned too late to benefit Saartjie and
the multitude of her fellow Africans who had at that
time, and during the intervening period, endured untold
suffering. Saartjie was, allegedly at any rate, a free
woman when she got to England, though she was exploited
and humiliated as a freak and a mere object by a
prurient and voyeuristic European audience. Her human
dignity was ignored and demeaned and she had previously
been enslaved like millions of her fellow Africans, who
were enslaved in horrific circumstances, and of whose
suffering we should also be mindful at a time like this.
As South Africans we should be proud of the Government
action to retrieve Saartjie Baartman's remains from
France, where they were insultingly on display for years
and then stored at the Museum of Mankind in Paris.
Former President Mandela, who initiated the request for
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her remains to be handed back in 1994, and Deputy
Minister Brigitte Mabandla who negotiated the return,
should be congratulated on their initiative.
It is extraordinary that Saartjie Baartman's remains
continued to be displayed in France until 1974, in
contravention of all tenets of human rights applicable
in France, Europe and the rest of the world, and in
spite of the international adoption of the United
Nations' Declaration on Human Rights 30 years
previously. ``Why''? we must ask. And the answer must
lie in the fact that people and their attitudes are
conditioned by their history, as written or handed down.
Accordingly, the most important lesson to be learned
from Saartjie Baartman's story is that our received
history needs to be reassessed, re-examined and, if
found wanting, challenged and rewritten.
Europe's interest in women like Saartjie Baartman was
aroused originally by writers like Le Valiant, the
French explorer and hunter, who wrote about his travels
and exploits in Southern Africa in the eighteenth
century. He wrote about Hottentots and Khoisan women in
a section of his writings and drawings entitled ``Behind
08 August 2002 Page 74 of 354
the Hottentot Apron'' in which he described certain
physical peculiarities allegedly possessed by these
women. Now this was not regarded then as eighteenth
century porn or even as something insulting to the
dignity of these women or their nations as a whole, but
merely as a valid commentary on the so-called natives of
the dark continent, which then became part of received
history and subsequently went unquestioned.
When Saartjie Baartman was brought to England and France
and displayed as more or less a wild animal or subhuman,
no one regarded it as strange. The history that many of
us in this House have learned at school, and even at
university, was predicated on, or even derived from,
records of this nature, manifesting attitudes that are
completely in conflict now with our respect for human
rights, our commitment to equality for women and the
human dignity of all people as guaranteed in our
Constitution and in international conventions.
Accordingly, it is up to us to ensure that our documents
and our history reflect our values and that such
attitudes, completely inimical to our values today, are
not retained or passed on to our children.
08 August 2002 Page 75 of 354
Saartjie Baartman was not the oddity. The attitudes of
Le Valiant and others, almost exclusively male and
European writers and commentators of the previous era,
are indeed the oddity. Saartjie Baartman had a short and
tragic life. She was only 27 when she died in 1816.
Because she made the mistake of going to Europe where,
as the Dutch poet Dianna Ferrus has depicted in her
touching poem, she was subject to ``the poking eyes of
the man-made monster who lives in the dark with his
racist clutches of imperialism, who dissects your body
bit by bit.’’
Now she has been brought home to be laid to rest, but
she must not be forgotten. She must become a symbol, not
only for the Khoisan, but for all the women of Africa
who during this millennium are reclaiming their dignity
and their human rights.
On the eve of national Women's Day, we must also be
mindful that the impairment of, and the disregard for,
human dignity and the rights of women of our continent
do not only derive from an imperialist and colonial
heritage, but also from our own cultural and societal
practices. Where these impact negatively on women they
08 August 2002 Page 76 of 354
must be revised or removed. Let Saartjie Baartman be a
reminder to us all of where we want to go in reclaiming
the human dignity of African women. [Applause.]
Ms ANNELIZÉ VAN WYK: Madam Speaker, the dedication of
this debate to the memory of Sarah Baartman is both
fitting and inspirational. We cannot undo the suffering
of Sarah Baartman and the many others who suffered a
similar fate, but the return of and the laying to rest
of Baartman's remains is a victory for human dignity,
and serves as encouragement to ensure that we do
everything in our power to reclaim the dignity and
rights of all women.
The South African Constitution enshrines the rights and
dignity of all people in South Africa. It ensures that
women will have equal rights to their male counterparts
and that they will never again have to suffer the
humiliation that Sarah Baartman experienced.
Today, we must, however, ask ourselves whether we are
doing enough so that these guaranteed rights in the
Constitution become a living reality for the majority of
South African women. I believe that none of us can stand
08 August 2002 Page 77 of 354
here today and say with a clear conscience that we have
achieved equality, upliftment and empowerment for all
women in South Africa. There are still too many women in
every corner of South Africa who are not yet aware of
their rights, and who certainly have no access to their
constitutional guarantees.
It is only once women can achieve a certain level of
independence that the dignity of women will be restored
and that they will be able to take up their rights
completely. Women must be enabled to break free from
their current circumstances. Their inability to do so is
as a result of their economic and emotional dependence.
If we empower women in these spheres, we will begin the
process of restoring dignity.
Women bear the brunt of poverty. Too little is done in
order to focus specifically on the economic empowerment
of women. Ironically, it is left to women to find ways
to feed and care for their families in the face of utter
despair and, miraculously, they do so with little
available.
08 August 2002 Page 78 of 354
The UDM believes that, given the necessary support and
encouragement, women will take that resolve and turn it
into economically viable opportunities. Women are not
asking for hand-outs. They simply must be given the
necessary opportunity and encouragement. Programmes must
be developed that aim to give specifically women access
to land and capital.
Too many women remain the victims of rape, abuse and
violent crimes. Many of these crimes are committed
against women by family members, their partners, or
people known to them. This also demonstrates the
desperate situation that many of these women find
themselves in and who, because of their economic
dependency, are unable to break free from these
situations. Living in a crime-ridden society with no
access to capital, little or no basic education or
skills training, and not owning any land or other
productive resources leave women with very little
opportunity of becoming economically active and breaking
free from the circumstances that they currently find
themselves in.
08 August 2002 Page 79 of 354
The role of women in our community cannot be
overemphasised. Women, mothers, sisters and wives form
the backbone of our society. It is on the lap of his
mother that a baby learns about life. It is at the hand
of his mother that he learns about what is wrong and
right. It is through the words spoken by her that he
learns to speak. Why then do we imagine it to be
possible to talk about the upliftment and empowerment of
the nation when we do not put in place the basic
foundation required?
Our priority, undoubtedly, must be to reclaim the
dignity and rights of our women as individuals and as an
entity. It is only once this is achieved that success
for the nation will follow.
Just as the return of Sarah Baartman symbolises the
strength of women in the face of despair, let her return
encourage us to work in unity to achieve dignity for
women throughout South Africa, not only for those in
cities, but specifically for those in the deepest rural
areas who are, in all modesty, simply being mothers to a
nation, for it is only once women can take up their
rightful place in society without fear that we will be
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able to say that we have achieved freedom and dignity at
last.
May Sarah Baartman rest in peace. May her memories
inspire us to make Africa a warm Mother Africa for all
her children, including the girl child, both in dignity
and in right. [Applause.]
Ms J MOLOI: Madam Speaker, hon members, ladies and
gentlemen, we have gone a long way in the liberation of
women and transformation of gender relations, and we
still have a long way to go for the total liberation of
women from apartheid and colonialism to a just and
egalitarian society based on social security, economic
prosperity and equal justice.
In observing August as women's month and in celebration
of national Women's Day, that is tomorrow, 9 August, we
have to congratulate the Department of Arts, Culture,
Science and Technology, particularly Deputy Minister
Bridgette Mabandla, on a job well done in bringing home
a woman of this South African soil, Sarah Baartman, for
proper burial as part of restoring women's dignity and
human rights, thus symbolising a new beginning.
08 August 2002 Page 81 of 354
We salute all the women who were bold enough to take to
the streets in 1956, fighting against the oppressive
pass laws and, therefore, paving the way for the basis
for a gender struggle. Without any doubts, that
beginning has borne the many fruits that we are reaping
today. It is important to take stock of the impact on
the progress made by this young South African democracy,
lest we forget. We created the national gender machinery
that asserts women within all spheres of governance, for
instance the Office on the Status of Women, in
Government; the Joint Monitoring Committee on the
Improvement of Quality of Life and the Status of Women,
in Parliament; independent bodies such as the Commission
on Gender Equality; in civil society, with various
community-based organisations, political organisations
and NGOs that deal with gender issues.
As South Africans, we are proud to realise that many
countries envy our gender management system, and we are
recognised as having the most advanced instrument in the
implementation and mainstreaming of gender. Therefore,
we feel that we have made quite a significant impact.
08 August 2002 Page 82 of 354
We salute our efforts of ensuring that the gender
programme exists at international level where the
Beijing Platform for Action and Cedaw serve as
international instruments utilised in the implementation
of the gender programme. We have succeeded in coming up
with the gender and development programme for SADC, and
we have to ensure that we continue with the integration
of gender on the whole African continent by engendering
the Nepad programme as a challenge facing us.
In a short space of time, we have managed to assert
women within the political and decision-making
processes, both in Government and in Parliament, though
much still has to be done and will be achieved through
the implementation of the Employment Equity Act, which
is currently in place.
We have noticed that only the ANC as political
organisation here in Parliament has come up with a quota
system to involve women in decision-making. We are,
therefore, challenging other parties to follow the
example of the ANC to ensure that they have a clear
mechanism to involve women and not depend on the ANC. In
fact, we would prefer to have binding legislation that
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will ensure continuous women's representation in
Parliament.
Private institutions in our country are not an exception
in respect of this issue. They have to implement the
policies of this country. Therefore, this means that
they also have to show an integration of gender and
involvement of women in decision-making, and ensuring
that all other provisions are being implemented,
particularly the Employment Equity Act.
On the aspect of violence against women, there is a lot
to be done, because we have a lot of problems in this
area. There are achievements, and most of the laws have
been enacted, like the Maintenance Act and the Domestic
Violence Act, and serious attention is drawn to sexual
harassment. It is no longer loose and just running
itself and not being attended to.
The tightening up of the criminal justice system is yet
another factor that needs to be applauded. We still
raise, with serious concerns, the high rate of child
molestation and rape cases, and we feel that they still
need quite a lot of attention. If the whole society
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could join together, we could be able to come up with a
mechanism of making sure that we restore the dignity of
our society.
Many more areas of focus on the Beijing Platform for
Action and Cedaw have been integrated in the Government
programme and are currently being implemented. We will
be able to produce the country's report reflecting our
progress in these two areas. In other words, the
integration of these programmes is quite visible in a
number of other areas that are identified by the Beijing
Platform for Action and Cedaw. As a matter of fact, as a
country we must be proud to have a report that reflects
the significant progress that we have made.
Part of what can restore women's dignity is the
eradication of poverty that degrades women to the level
of beggars. We need to come up with a strategy that will
impact on the economic lives of poor women. It is
impossible to speak of dignity whilst we are unable to
put food on the table for our children. To remind
ourselves of what was said by women on 9 August 1956,
whilst they were marching to the Union Buildings, I
would like to quote: ``We shall not rest until we have
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won for our children their fundamental right to freedom,
justice and security''. In order for us to achieve this,
we need to consolidate all the efforts and ensure that
we really work hard as a nation to fulfil those
aspirations of freedom, justice and security for the
young ones.
Government has initiated the integrated rural
development strategy, and the Presidency has identified
nodal points countrywide for the implementation of this
strategy. Through the rolling programme of the
integrated rural development strategy located within
local government, the poor communities will benefit from
this programme. In addition to the integrated planning
process undertaken by Government, cluster programmes are
initiated in order to ensure that the collective
approach to planning and implementation is worked on.
Gender programmes are integrated and mainstreamed within
this approach, and all heads of various clusters are
expected to report on the gender progress. Whilst doing
this, they would be within the auspices of the
administration and cluster heads.
08 August 2002 Page 86 of 354
What becomes a major challenge at this point in time,
which we feel has not quite made a major impact, is the
integration of gender at the level of procurement
management, financial systems and the Public Finance
Management Act's implementation and the co-ordination
located within the national Treasury. If this could be
done correctly and well, it would take care of
mainstreaming gender in the office of the state's Tender
Board, procurement management, the public finance
management implementation unit, and in the entire
financial system.
The Presidency has a role to co-ordinate gender
activities, and we feel and believe that that role is
correctly placed and should continue that way. We also
have to make sure that the Public Service develops a
mechanism of monitoring and evaluation to assist the
implementation of the gender programmes within the
departments. In fact, we do not want to leave this area
to the officials whose focus is not on gender. But, if
they are taken up by heads of department and heads of
various clusters, we are sure that we would be able to
analyse its impact and the integration of the gender
programme.
08 August 2002 Page 87 of 354
In conclusion, I would like to say that whilst we are
engaged with various gender activities in this Women's
Month, it will be proper for all societies, both women
and men, actively to deal with the HIV/Aids programmes
in order to fight the scourge. We have to focus on home-
based programmes, on counselling of the affected and the
infected, and to engage in education programmes, as well
as awareness campaigns.
As women, we have to challenge men to play an active
role in HIV/Aids, because Aids is not an area that is
only concentrated on women, but faces the whole of
society. By saying so, we really appeal to men to be at
the forefront of dealing with HIV/Aids.
I also wish to congratulate the community of Orange
Farm, currently named Palestine, for joining hands on
the girl-child programme that pays particular attention
to HIV/Aids sensitisation amongst the youth, and to
countering gender violence that ravages society, with
specific reference to a number of programmes that deal
with gender violence. [Applause.]
08 August 2002 Page 88 of 354
Ms C DUDLEY: Father, Jesus, Holy Spirit, I acknowledge
You. Madam Speaker, ACDP Women of Destiny, ladies and
gentlemen, loss of person, place, potential, future and
pride - today trafficking in women is a multibillion
dollar market and in Sarah's days someone was also
profiting from her being demeaned, ridiculed, shamed and
degraded. Traffickers and pimps, past and present, prey
on the dreams and vulnerabilities of women seeking
employment and opportunities for the future.
Research shows the most popular destinations for traffic
in women are countries where prostitution is legal. And
now, South Africa is brazenly, knowingly and wilfully
contemplating decriminalising and legalising
prostitution and joining their ranks. South Africa will
no longer be a transit country as it is today, but a
legalised and official destination. Legalisation of
prostitution not only causes an increase in trafficking
in women to meet the demand created by a legalised sex
industry, but makes it difficult to hold traffickers
accountable for their activities, as traffickers and
pimps evade prosecution by claiming the women knew what
they were getting into.
08 August 2002 Page 89 of 354
Prosecutors have a hard time establishing the line
between voluntary and forced prostitution when it is
legal, as their case depends on proving that the woman
did not consent. Women like Sarah will have no more
protection in South Africa, once prostitution is
decriminalised, than she had in Europe. Slavery was a
hot topic at the time when Sarah was being exploited and
a young Jamaican pressured government to intervene in
her situation, but the courts ruled that Sarah had
entered into a contract of her own free will and the
exploitation went on.
The head of operations for the UN Centre for
International Crime Prevention says that the laws help
gangsters. Prostitution is semi-legal in many places and
that makes the enforcement tricky. Sweden recently
passed a law to combat violence against women that
created a new offence, the gross violation of a woman's
dignity. Prostitution is included as a type of violence
against women and the purchase of sexual services is now
prohibited and punishable. Sweden's approach recognises
the harm done to women under conditions of sexual
exploitation. It is premised on the belief that women
have the right to dignity, integrity and equality. In
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holding users accountable this new law effectively
targets the demand for trafficking in women. This
example should be commended and emulated.
South Africa has rightly judged the actions of those who
trafficked, pimped and aided and abetted these heinous,
inhuman crimes against Sarah and should not now condemn
itself by decriminalising these same actions within our
own boundaries.
Prostitution, sex tourism, trafficking in women and
other practices that reduce women to sexual commodities
have had a particularly devastating impact on women in
developing countries and oppressed groups of women in
so-called developed countries. The sexual exploitation
of any woman is cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment,
establishes the standard of treatment for all women and
is incompatible with the inherent dignity and worth of
the human person.
The ACDP welcomes the return of Sarah Baartman's remains
to South Africa as significant in a process of
reclaiming dignity and identity and the healing of a
people and a nation who have experienced the deep hurt.
08 August 2002 Page 91 of 354
However, sadly, even in death Sarah is being paraded and
gawked at if one watches television and the little
inserts that are meant to salute her. The father heart
of God breaks. She was made in His image.
As far as I know, Government is not putting money at any
level toward homes where women who have been in
prostitution try to take themselves out of that
lifestyle and make a new life for themselves. There are
homes like the house in Hillbrow and Beauty for Ashes
here in the Western Cape who desperately need our help
and assistance, because they are doing an incredible
work at this time. Beauty for Ashes, a home for women
who choose to turn from prostitution and make a new life
is right here in the centre of Cape Town and they are on
www.giveandgain.com. Members can also get their details
from our offices. [Applause.]
Mr I S MFUNDISI: Madam Speaker and hon members, the
Sarah Baartman story epitomises the lack of dignity
accorded to African women and this by people who claim
to be proclaiming the word of God. Sarah's story is a
real manifestation of man's inhumanity to man that
causes countless to mourn.
08 August 2002 Page 92 of 354
With the advent of imperial power, indigenous culture
was thrown out of the window. Inferiority was imposed on
Africans. The so-called master race decided what to do
and when to do it with the African folk. While Africans
were subjected to servitude, the women carried a double
burden. They were kept at the bottom of the social and
economic hierarchy and were employed in low-paying
unskilled jobs.
We appreciate that in the midst of all the humiliation
and degradation, African women stood up and spoke out.
They have shown their mettle in a maze of adversity.
Despite the debasement of Sarah, we have icons we can
look up to, and we note the half-full rather than the
half-empty glasses at our disposal.
Charlotte Maxeke, born Manye, comes to mind. This jewel
of Africa went to study at the Wilberforce University in
the United States of America. On her return, she not
only brought back her deserved degree, she also learnt
about the African Methodist Episcopal Church. This
church was founded by slaves of African origin staging a
walkout from the Methodist Church because of the inhuman
08 August 2002 Page 93 of 354
treatment meted out to them by the supremacist whites
during worship service.
It is important that we look forward in life and not
remain bitter about what happened to Sarah Baartman.
That is past. We should concentrate on how to restore
dignity and respectability to African women. All we have
to know is that women have an equal right to dignity,
integrity and life. They have not been created from the
crumbs that fell off the Master's table as He was
creating men. Women have rights that should not be
violated in any way.
We should acquaint ourselves with instruments such as
the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action of 1995,
the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women as adopted by the United
Nations in 1979, and pieces of legislation passed by
this Parliament such as the Domestic Violence Act in
order to appreciate that all gender-based violence has
to be frowned upon regardless of who the perpetrator is.
Surely we have to contain the spiral of violence in
South Africa? Intervention strategies have to be sought
08 August 2002 Page 94 of 354
to eradicate this pervasive problem. There is truth
forever in the words: ``The first shall be the last, and
the last shall be the first.'' Sarah Baartman, a woman
once degraded, has since been placed on a pedestal of
glory. She is an icon with whom all yearn to be
associated. [Applause.]
Dr M S MOGOBA: Madam Speaker, the struggle to bring the
remains of Sarah Baartman back to her motherland is a
great victory for human rights. She belongs here, and
the soil of Africa wanted her back here. Those who
enslaved her and deported her to a foreign country and
then dehumanised her and made a public spectacle of her
are psychologically sick and in need of healing.
Many years ago a celebrated member of this House, the
hon Sam Khan, described racism as a mixture of
biological ignorance and racial superstition. And so it
is. It makes some people develop a superiority which is
completely unjustified and baseless.
The heroic and dignified burial of Sarah Baartman on
Women's Day should send a message to all and sundry that
human dignity is a God-given attribute and that those
08 August 2002 Page 95 of 354
who violate it violate God, in whose image human beings
are created. The only unfortunate thing is that Sarah
Baartman is being buried in a country where, lately,
there has been unacceptable levels of violence and
indignity inflicted on our womenfolk. The message from
this House and from the burial service of Baartman
should be clear: Violence against women comes from sick
men who are also cowards. Real men should engage other
men in brutal fights in which they will get what they
deserve - blow by blow. There is no heroism whatsoever
in subjecting your beloved wife to physical torture,
brutality and savagery.
In African society of old a family court, representing
both families, would meet and condemn this behaviour and
attempt to do some counselling. If this did not work, a
tribal court would be appealed to. Their judgment and
verdict would result in public punishment that would be
so severe that very few would want to repeat the crime.
One can contrast this with our modern form of
imprisonment in hotel-type prisons. We have a lot to
learn from African jurisprudence, particularly the
element of peer and societal rejection of antisocial and
inhuman behaviour. This African lifestyle was not
08 August 2002 Page 96 of 354
inferior or uncivilised. It was a society and lifestyle
which should be the envy of many civilised men and
women. We salute Sarah Bartman.
Mnr J P I BLANCHÉ: Mevrou die Speaker, die Federale
Alliansie is dankbaar dat die Parlement 'n paar uur wy
aan die geskiedenis van Saartjie Baartman. Maklik sal
politici haar treurige lewensverhaal misbruik vir eie
gewin, want reeds het ons gesien dat haar liggaamsbou
tydens haar leeftyd misbruik is deur hartelose individue
om hul verwronge rasse-vooroordele te regverdig.
Die vraag is waarom maghebbendes deur die geskiedenis
van die mens die magteloses en dikwels die fisiek
benadeeldes misbruik het vir hul eie magsposisies, om
hulself sodoende te versterk. Waarom kan ons nie nederig
voor die Skepper staan, dankbaar dat ons in posisies
geplaas is om reg te laat geskied teenoor die
benadeeldes in ons gemeenskap en ons nasie nie? Ek glo
dat die terugbring van Saartjie Baartman se stoflike
oorskot na haar vaderland 'n boodskap inhou vir die
moderne wêreld: 'n Boodskap van versoening van rasse
eerder as 'n geleentheid waar verwyte geslinger word oor
wandade van voorgeslagte wat lank gelede begrawe is.
08 August 2002 Page 97 of 354
Saartjie se tragiese geskiedenis het min te doen met
rassisme, dit het alles te doen met die mens se
beheptheid met ander mense se fisieke voorkoms en ons
verwaandheid om benadeeldes as minderwaardige mense te
etiketteer.
Ons, wat die voordeel van geleerdheid, tegnologie en die
moderne wetenskap het, moet Saartjie se herbegrafnis
aangryp om Suid-Afrikaners te leer dat elke mens, ten
spyte van sy of haar fisieke voorkoms, 'n gelyke reg op
eerbied en respek het, maak nie saak van sy of haar
staanplek in ons nasie of in ons gemeenskap nie.
Deur die eeue heen was daar vroue wat leidende rolle in
die geskiedenis gespeel het. Dink maar aan Helen van
Troje, Kleopatra en die Koningin van Skeba. Meer onlangs
was daar Eva Peron, Golda Meir, Indira Gandhi, Margaret
Thatcher, en hier tuis, Helen Suzman en vele ander
vroue. Selde nog het ons nasie hom so sterk vereenselwig
met die onreg wat teenoor 'n vrou gepleeg was soos wat
ons nou doen oor Saartjie Baartman en wat aan haar
gedoen is nie. 'n Honderd jaar gelede is die
Afrikanervrou leed aangedoen en het ons vir haar en haar
kinders 'n monument opgerig. Hierdie naweek en vandag sê
08 August 2002 Page 98 of 354
ek namens die Afrikaners, ons is nie bereid om toe te
laat dat die Saartjie Baartmans van Afrika agtergeblewe
bly in ons eerbetoon aan vroue en dogters van Afrika
nie. [Tussenwerpsels].
Ons dank die Skepper dat ons so kort na die skepping van
die nuwe Suid-Afrika ook hierdie onreg gepleeg teenoor
'n vrou van Afrika kan regstel. Daarom wil ons by
hierdie geleentheid vir die vroue van Suid-Afrika sê:
``Julle het 'n unieke rol om in die Afrika-renaissance
te speel. Bly nederig, liefdevol, sagmoedig en vroulik,
dan sal jy as vrou met agting en respek bejeën word en
sal ons en ons nageslag vir julle monumente bou''.
Ons is bly dat die onreg wat teenoor Saartjie gepleeg
is, reggestel word. Die DA sal help om vroue en ander
benadeeldes se regte in Afrika te verdedig en vestig,
want ons is trots op die vroue en die dogters van ons
land.
Ek wil afsluit met die opmerking: Politieke aktiviste is
snaakse ``mense. Net gister nog het sommige van hulle
vroue'' ge-necklace'' om politieke redes, môre daag
08 August 2002 Page 99 of 354
hulle dalk by die begrafnis op.[Tussenwerpsels].
(Translation of Afrikaans speech follows.)
[Mr J P I BLANCHÉ: Madam Speaker, the Federal Alliance
is grateful to Parliament for dedicating a few hours to
the story of Saartjie Baartman. Politicians will misuse
her sad life story with ease for personal gain, because
we have already seen that in her lifetime her physique
was abused by heartless individuals to justify their
warped racial prejudice.
The question is why, throughout man's history, the
powerful that be have abused the powerless and often the
physically challenged to further their own positions of
power, in order thereby to fortify themselves. Why can
we not stand humbly before the Creator, grateful to have
been placed in positions to let justice be done to the
aggrieved within our society and our nation? I believe
that the return of Saartjie Baartman's mortal remains to
her land of birth holds a message for the modern world:
A message of reconciliation of races rather than an
occasion at which slurs are hurled about regarding the
atrocities of previous generations that have long since
been buried. Saartjie's tragic story has little to do
08 August 2002 Page 100 of 354
with racism and everything with man's obsession with
other people's physical appearance and our conceitedness
in labelling those who have been aggrieved as being
inferior people.
We, who have the advantage of learning, technology and
modern science, must seize Saartjie's reburial as an
opportunity to teach South Africans that everyone,
despite his or her physical appearance, has an equal
right to reverence and respect, irrespective of his or
her standing in our nation or society.
Through the ages there have been women who have played
leading roles in history. Think about Helen of Troy,
Cleopatra and the Queen of Sheba. More recently we had
Eva Peron, Golda Meir, Indira Gandhi, Margaret Thatcher,
and here at home, Helen Suzman and many other women.
Seldom before has our nation identified itself so
intensively with the injustice perpetrated against a
woman as is now the case with Saartjie Baartman and what
was done to her. One hundred years ago the Afrikaner
woman was ill-treated and we erected a monument for her
and her children. This weekend and today I will say on
behalf of the Afrikaners that we refuse to let Saartjie
08 August 2002 Page 101 of 354
Baartman lag behind in our tribute to the women and
girls of Africa. [Interjections.]
We thank our Creator that, so soon after the creation of
the new South Africa, we can also rectify this injustice
perpetrated against a woman of Africa. That is why on
this occasion we want to say to the women of South
Africa: ``You have a unique role to play in the African
Renaissance. Remain modest, loving, gentle and feminine,
then as a woman you will be treated with esteem and
respect and we and our descendants will build monuments
for you’’.
We are glad that the injustices perpetrated against
Saartjie Baartman are being rectified. The DA will help
to establish and protect the rights of women and other
wronged persons in Africa, because we are proud of the
women and the girls of our country.
I want to conclude with this remark: Political activists
are strange people. Only yesterday some of them were
necklacing women for political reasons, but tomorrow
they may turn up at the funeral. [Interjections.]]
08 August 2002 Page 102 of 354
Mrs M S MAINE: Madam Speaker, hon members, the Beijing
Platform of Action of 1995 defines violence against
women as any act of gender-based violence that results
in, or is likely to, result in physical, sexual or
psychological harm or suffering to women, including
threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation
of liberty. Whether occurring in public or private life,
violence against women is one of the most brutal
consequences of the economic, social, political and
cultural inequalities that exist between men and women.
It is also perpetuated by legal and political systems
that have historically discriminated against women. The
international community has recognised that sexual
violence against women constitutes a violation of their
human rights and fundamental freedoms. Sexual violence
further constitutes violation of a woman's reproductive
rights, particularly her right to bodily integrity and
to control her sexuality and reproductive capacity.
Rape, female circumcision, female genital mutilation and
forced sterilisation are among the types of violence
that violate women's reproductive rights.
08 August 2002 Page 103 of 354
Sexual violence occurs in both the private and public
spheres of women's lives. It constitutes a human rights
violation whether the perpetrator is an agent of the
state or a private citizen. Sexual violence can occur
against individuals of any age, within the family or any
other relationship, within the community or in the
workplace, during situations of armed conflict or any
other time or place.
The international community has specifically recognised
women's and girls' rights to be free from sexual
violence in various international human rights treaties.
For example, the Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination Against Women, called Cedaw, was
adopted by the United Nations in 1979, and compels
states to prohibit trafficking in women. The
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights and the Women's Convention protects a woman's
right to health, including her physical, psychological,
reproductive and sexual health.
In addition, the 1998 Rome Treaty forming the
International Criminal Court states, for the first time
under international law, that rape, sexual slavery,
08 August 2002 Page 104 of 354
enforcement, prostitution, forced pregnancy and forced
sterilisation and other forms of sexual violence are
each to be considered a crime against humanity and a war
crime.
The era, and bodies of knowledge around sexual violence,
of women Granny Sarah Baartman and other enslaved
women's time was narrow. During this time, the creation
of the constructed symbols applying to black women
demonstrate that notions of gender, race and sexuality
were limited in overarching structures of political
domination and economic exploitation.
However, the advances made by and for the women at
present, with the creation progressive international and
domestic human rights laws, bear testimony to the
achievements made by women activists the world over who
articulate unacceptable forms of subjugation,
exploitation and oppression. Whilst much work is still
needed to be done to ensure substantive equality for all
women at all levels, the shift from Nkoko [Granny] Sarah
Baartman's time to the present is immense.
08 August 2002 Page 105 of 354
The process illustrated by the treatment of the bodies
of enslaved African women and of women such Nkoko
[Granny] Sarah Baartman encompass useful examples of all
women objectified and degraded by acts of sexual and
physical violence. Rape and other acts of overt violence
that women have experienced, such as physical assault,
domestic abuse, incest and sexual extortion further
exacerbate women's subordination and oppression.
Mo nageng ya rona re fitlheletse go le gontsi jaaka
Puso. Melawana e le mentsi e e busetsang seriti sa bomme
e fetisitswe. Nka bala mengwe ya yona jaaka ... [In our
country, we have achieved a lot as Government. Many laws
which recall our dignity as women have been passed. I
can mention some of them; like ...]
... the Domestic Violence Act, the Maintenance Act, the
Recognition of Customary Marriage Act and the Equality
Act ... ke e mengwe ya tse di diragalang. [... are some
of those that exist.]
Mme le fa tsotlhe tse di dirilwe re setse ka namane e
tona ya tiro jaaka bomme. Setlhogo se se dirilweng mo go
Nkoko Sarah Baartman se santse se diragala ka gore bomme
08 August 2002 Page 106 of 354
gammogo le bana ba basetsana ba betelelwa ka palo e e
kwa godimo.
Lehuma le santse le rena mo gare ga Afrika yotlhe mme
batho ba ba amegang thata ke bomme. Botlhokatiro bo
iponatsa thata mo difatlhegong tsa bomme ka ke bona ba
bonang gore ba malapa a bona ba a apara le go ja sentle.
Ka jalo ya rona kgaratlho ga e ise e fele.
Go tliswa ga marapo a ga Nkoko Sarah Baartman ke
maiphitlhelelo a magolo mo go rona Maafrika. Re dira
boikuelo mo matoneng otlhe a Afrika le a naga ya rona
gore ka nako ya bogolo jwa tekanyetsokabo ya matlole a
bone e lebisiwe mo go lwantsheng lehuma gore bomme ba
nne le seriti.
Re na le mannane a kontinente kgotsa ``Continental
Programmes''. Re itumeletse go fetolwa ga OAU go nna AU.
Se se raya gore ditlhabologo tsa Afrika di tlaa nna le
isagwe, fela motho o tshwenngwa ke palo e e kwa tlase ya
bomme mo dipuisanong le mo tsamaisong ya tsona. Re dira
boikuelo mo boeteledingpele jotlhe jwa Afrika gore ke
tlhoka go nna teng ga palo e e namatsang pelo ga bomme
gore ba kgone go thusa le go thibela dintwa tse di mo
08 August 2002 Page 107 of 354
Afrika, gore bomme le bana ka ba amega segolo ba
bolokesege.
Gompieno re ipofa jaaka bomme gore re ikana ka leina la
ga Nkoko Sarah Baartman gore ga re kitla re emisa go lwa
go fitlhela tsotlhe tse re di umakileng di baakangwa.
(Translation of Setswana paragraphs follows.)
[Even if all of these have been done we still have a big
task as women. The cruelty that was done to Granny Sarah
Baartman is still happening because women as well as
girls are raped at a high rate.
Poverty still prevails in the whole of Africa and people
who are affected most are women. Unemployment shows on
the women's faces because they are the ones who see to
it that their families are clothed and eat properly. As
such our struggle is not yet over.
Bringing back the remains of Granny Sarah Baartman is a
big achievement to us as Africans. We appeal to all the
leaders of Africa and that of our country that at a time
of their budget allocation they should ensure that funds
08 August 2002 Page 108 of 354
are directed to fighting poverty so that women should
have dignity.
We have Continental Programmes. We are happy about the
changing of OAU to AU. This means that developments in
Africa will have a future, but one is worried about the
low number of women in negotiations and in its running.
We are appealing to the whole leadership of Africa that
we need a satisfactory number of women to help in
curbing the wars in Africa, so that the women and
children who are mostly affected, be safe.
Today we commit ourselves as women that in the name of
Granny Sarah Baartman, we will never stop fighting until
all that we have mentioned is corrected.]
We commit ourselves to ending sexual violence against
women, to eradicating poverty and systematically
reducing the impact of HIV/Aids on women in our
communities. [Applause.]
Mr C AUCAMP: Madam Speaker, I have three minutes, and
would like to make three remarks. Firstly, newspaper
headlines read: ``The Dignity of Saartjie Baartman
08 August 2002 Page 109 of 354
Restored''. Is that really true? Yes the dignity of her
memory might have been restored, but was her person
restored? She died in a foreign country as an object of
abuse; a spectacle stripped of all dignity whatsoever.
Let us not fool ourselves: Real respect for a human
being and the bestowing of real dignity cannot be
backdated. Yes, it soothes the conscience, but it does
not heal the person.
Let our generation never act in a way that compels a
future generation to try to restore the dignity of those
whom we have marginalised, abused and dehumanised. Real
dignity and real respect must be bestowed by our
generation to all peoples of our generation - living
persons created in the image of God.
There is a popular song with the title ``Living Years''.
It is about the regrets of a son who was too late to
heal his relationship with his father. A part of the
lyrics says:
It is too late when you die to admit we don't see eye
to eye; I am sure I heard his echo in my baby's
08 August 2002 Page 110 of 354
newborn tears; I just wish I could have told him in
the living years.
Whether it is Saartjie Baartman, Hansie Cronje, your
parents or your wife, it is too late ``when we die''. Do
it ``in the living years''.
Tweedens, ons mag nooit die vrou degradeer tot 'n blote
seksobjek nie. Dít gebeur in verhoudings, in
toneelstukke, in rolprente en in gesprekke. Vrouens mag
nie gesien word as 'n kombinasie van liggaam, vlees,
kurwes en hormone nie, maar as volledige mense: hart,
siel, verstand en emosies. Seksuele verhoudings moet nie
gebaseer word op blote lus nie, maar op respek,
waardering en liefde. Daarom word ons oproep om die
herstel van die waardigheid van die vrou 'n klug as ons
antwoord teen HIV bloot is om kondome uit te deel,
eerder as om respek en eerbied vir die huwelik te
bevorder.
'n Debat oor die waardigheid van ons vroue word 'n klug
as die raad van Unisa besluit om die eis te betaal wat
toegestaan is teen een van sy lede weens seksuele
teistering van 'n vrou. Dit word 'n klug wanneer ek as
08 August 2002 Page 111 of 354
man my vrou sien as my besitting oor wie se lewe ek die
sê het. Dit word 'n klug wanneer gesprekke onder die
belt, meestal ten koste van ons vroue, die
braaivleisvure domineer.
Derdens, Saartjie Baartman is 'n simbool van
gemarginaliseerd wees. Sy was 'n randfiguur van die
samelewing. Die boodskap vir vandag is: Geen mens en
geen gemeenskap mag gemarginaliseer word nie.
Marginalisering wanneer groot massas in haglike
omstandighede verkeer sonder die mees basiese vereistes
vir 'n menswaardige bestaan, maar ook marginalisering
van die verlede, mag nie vervang word met nuwe
marginalisering nie: Marginalisering wanneer blanke
boere in Zimbabwe beskou word as tweedehandse
indringers, en juis vandag hulle plase moet ontruim ná
jare se sweet en arbeid; marginalisering wanneer in 'n
nuwe Suid-Afrika, sekere gemeenskappe weer eens
uitgeskuif word na die rand van die samelewing.
(Translation of Afrikaans paragraphs follows.)
[Secondly, may we never degrade women to mere sex
objects. This happens in relationships, in stage plays,
in films and in conversations. Women should not be seen
08 August 2002 Page 112 of 354
as a combination of body, flesh, curves and hormones,
but as complete people: heart, soul, mind and emotions.
Sexual relationships must not be based on mere desire,
but on respect, appreciation and love. Therefore our
call for the restoration of the dignity of women becomes
a farce if our response to HIV is merely to hand out
condoms, rather than to promote respect and honour for
marriage.
A debate on the dignity of our women becomes a farce if
the council of Unisa decides to pay the claim allowed
against one of its members as a result of sexual
harassment of a woman. It becomes a farce when I as a
man view my wife as my possession over whose life I have
the say. It becomes a farce when conversations below the
belt mostly at the expense of our women, dominate the
braaivleis fires.
Thirdly, Saartjie Baartman is a symbol of
marginalisation. She was an outsider in society. The
message for today is: No person and no community should
be marginalised. Marginalisation in which large masses
live in desperate conditions without the most basic
requirements for a dignified existence, but also
08 August 2002 Page 113 of 354
marginalisation of the past, must not be replaced with
new marginalisation: Marginalisation in which white
farmers in Zimbabwe are viewed as second-hand intruders,
and have to vacate their farms precisely today after
years of sweat and toil; marginalisation in which in the
new South Africa certain communities are once again
pushed out to the periphery of society.]
My message is: Every person is valuable and dignified.
Every community is valuable. Let us live out and bestow
real human dignity in every sphere of life ``in the
living years''.
Mnr S E OPPERMAN: Mevrou die Speaker, daar was baie
emosiebelaaide debatte die afgelope aantal weke rakende
Saartjie, of Sarah, Baartman. Niemand kan ontken dat die
pyn en die hartseer van hierdie vrou, en wat sy moes
deurmaak, ons opnuut aan die hart gegryp het nie.
Daar is ook by tye egter balans verloor deur kenners en
woordvoerders met verskillende agendas, wat mekaar
duidelik met uitsprake probeer oortref het om die oog te
vang. (Translation of Afrikaans paragraphs follows.)
08 August 2002 Page 114 of 354
[Mr S E OPPERMAN: Madam Speaker, there have been
numerous emotional debates over the past weeks in
respect to Saartjie, or Sarah, Baartman. No one can deny
that the pain and the sorrow of this woman, and what she
had to endure, have once again touched our hearts.
At times, however, balance has been lost by experts and
spokespersons with different agendas, who clearly
attempted to outdo one another with their statements in
order to be noticed.]
Dr Cyril Hromnik, an expert on the early history of
Southern Africa, in an article, ``A Place called
Paradise'' says:
While true history is a source of inspiration and
confidence, it is also true that a history that is
muddled-up is a source of confusion.
Daarom is dit vir my persoonlik belangrik dat daar ook
'n ander dimensie op die debat rakende hierdie vrou, wat
soveel pyn verduur het, en haar mensegroep geplaas word.
``Saartjie Baartman is die grootmoeder van ons almal'',
het iemand onlangs gesê. Ek het groot simpatie met
08 August 2002 Page 115 of 354
Saartjie se verlede, maar ons verlede strek veel verder
as Saartjie self terug. Iemand anders het haar die mees
geëksploiteerde en vernederde vrou ooit in Afrika genoem
- asof die verhaal van elke vrou uit Afrika deur al die
eeue heen aan ons bekend is.
Is ons seker dat haar regte naam Saartjie, of Sarah,
Baartman was, of dra ons by tot die miskenning van haar
ware identiteit deur haar Sarah of Saartjie te noem?
Krotoa het hulle immers ``Eva'' genoem, en Autsumao het
hulle ``Harry die standloper'' genoem. Tussen al hierdie
uitsprake deur het provinsies tougetrek oor waar sy
eintlik hoort, asof haar geboorte- en leefwêreld begrens
en in provinsies afgebaken was.
Die feit dat die oorblyfsels van Saartjie Baartman, of
wie sy ook al was, môre in die Gamtoosvallei onder groot
belangstelling begrawe sal word, het ten minste een
tergende vraag begin beantwoord ten opsigte van hierdie
vrou, en ten opsigte van elkeen van ons wat op een of
ander wyse aan hierdie inheemse groep verbind word.
Saartjie Baartman het behoort, en om te behoort is 'n
integrale deel van haar waardigheid, en van elkeen van
08 August 2002 Page 116 of 354
ons s'n. Dit is deel van ons identiteit. Dit is deel van
ons menswees.
As ons wil bou aan die identiteit en die waardigheid van
enige individu, enige gemeenskap, enige mensegroep, dan
is dit belangrik dat daar feitelike substansie hieraan
gegee word. Historici, argeoloë, paleontoloë, kenners en
almal van ons wat deur feitelike substansie geaffekteer
sal word, behoort te help dat duidelikheid gebring word,
want enige persoon, gemeenskap of mensegroep wat onseker
is oor sy histories gefundeerde verlede, sal in 'n see
van konflikterende spekulering na enige boei gryp om
voort te drywe na 'n onsekere en 'n vae toekoms.
(Translation of Afrikaans paragraphs follows.)
[Therefore, it is of personal importance for me that
there should also be another dimension to the debate
with regard to this woman, who endured so much pain, and
her race. ``Saartjie Baartman is the grandmother of us
all'', someone remarked recently. I have great sympathy
for Saartjie's past, but our past stretches back much
further than Saartjie herself. Someone else called her
the most exploited and degraded woman ever in Africa -
08 August 2002 Page 117 of 354
as if the story of every woman from Africa throughout
the ages were known to us.
Are we certain that her real name was Saartjie, or
Sarah, Baartman, or are we contributing to the disregard
of her true identity by calling her Sarah or Saartjie?
After all, they named Krotoa ``Eva'', and Autsumao they
named ``Harry the Strandloper''. Among all these
statements the provinces took part in a tug of war as to
where she in fact belonged, as if the realm of her birth
and existence were surrounded by a border and demarcated
in provinces.
The fact that the remains of Saartjie Baartman, or
whoever she was, will be buried in the Gamtoos Valley
tomorrow amid much interest, has at least begun to
answer one challenging question with regard to this
woman and with regard to every one of us who is in one
way or another connected to this indigenous group.
Saartjie Baartman belonged - and to belong is an
integral part of her dignity and the dignity of every
one of us. It is part of our identity. It is part of our
humanity.
08 August 2002 Page 118 of 354
If we want to develop the identity and the dignity of
any individual, any community, any race, then it is
important that factual substance is given to this.
Historians, archaeologists, paleontologists, experts and
all of us who may be affected by factual substance
should assist in ensuring that clarity is brought forth,
because every person, community or race that is unsure
of its historically based past will grab at any life
buoy in a sea of conflicting speculation in order to
drift to an uncertain and distant future.]
What shall we call her? A Khoi woman? If Khoi means
``man'', does it imply that she was a man-woman? Or
shall we call her a San woman? If San means ``naked'',
does it imply that she was a naked woman? Or shall we
refer to her as a Khoisan woman, as some prefer?
Of was sy dalk 'n Quena-vrou? Quena verwys onder andere
na 'n spesifieke godsdiens wat beoefen is, en wat noue
bande gehad het met Oosterse gelowe. Dit lewer bewys dat
kontak met handelaars uit Indië reeds eeue aan die gang
was, lank voordat die Portugese en die Hollanders op die
toneel verskyn het. Die heilige plekke waar die Quena
aanbid het, is steeds sigbaar in groot dele van Suid-
08 August 2002 Page 119 of 354
Afrika. Kenners wys op die duidelike ooreenkomste met
Oosterse gelowe en Stonehenge in Engeland. (Translation
of Afrikaans paragraph follows.)
[Or was she perhaps a Quena woman? Quena refers, inter
alia, to a specific religion that was practised, and
that was closely connected to Eastern religions. This
provides evidence that contact with merchants from India
had already been ongoing for centuries, long before the
Portuguese and the Dutch arrived on the scene. The holy
places where the Quena worshipped are still visible in
large parts of South Africa. Experts highlight the
significant similarities to Eastern religions and
Stonehenge in England.]
Is the name ``autentotoe'' synonomous with the name
``hottentot''. ``Autentotoe'' means ``we are related'',
and was used in communication with strangers when
trading took place. ``Autentotoe'' is a name that was
later corrupted by early Europeans into the well-known
and later abrasively used name ``Hottentot''.
Hierdie is die begin van indringende vrae wat nou gevra
moet word. Die mensegroep waaraan Sarah behoort het, en
08 August 2002 Page 120 of 354
waarvan ek deel is, maak aanspraak op eerste-nasie
status en alles wat daarmee gepaard gaan. Daar is
verkose hoofmanne en -vroue van verskillende stamme wat
saamgestel is uit mense wat soek na hulle gister, die
Atakwas, die Gonokwas, die Inkwas, die Gorikwas en
andere wat daarop aanspraak maak dat daar vir hulle
voorsiening in die Grondwet gemaak moet word, met alles
wat daarmee gepaard gaan. Indien hierdie aansprake net
op emosie gegrond is, en nie histories gefundeer kan
word nie, sal enige aanspraak op regsgronde verwerp kan
word, en saam met die verwerping van ons aansprake sal
ons toekoms, ons identiteit en ons waardigheid verwerp
word.
Die Regering moet dringend bydra dat hierdie
fundamentele deel van die geskiedenis van ons land die
regmatige plek en erkenning kry wat dit verdien. Ons
moet duidelikheid kry oor ons verlede sodat die lig
helder kan skyn op ons toekoms. (Translation of
Afrikaans paragraphs follows.)
[This marks the beginning of some incisive questions
that must now be asked. The race to which Sarah
belonged, and of which I am part, lays claim to first-
08 August 2002 Page 121 of 354
nation status and everything associated with that. There
are elected chiefs, both men and women, from several
clans which comprise people searching for their
yesterday: the Atakwas, the Gonokwas, the Inkwas, the
Gorikwas, and others who claim that provision should be
made for them in the Constitution, together with
everything associated with that. If these claims are
based only on emotion and have no historical basis, any
claim will be rejected on legal grounds and, together
with the rejection of our claims, our future, our
identity and our dignity will be rejected.
The Government must urgently see to it that this
fundamental part of the history of our country receives
the rightful place and recognition that it deserves. We
must have clarity with regard to our past in order for
the light to shine brightly on our future.]
Prof H NGUBANE: Madam Speaker and colleagues, our
national Women's Day tomorrow will be uniquely
celebrated by an event which arouses in most of us
contradictory feelings; feelings of joy, as well as of
pain. It is only a pity that she will be buried under
the name of Sarah Baartman; a name that was a mark of
08 August 2002 Page 122 of 354
subordination and humiliation. If we consider that it
was her physical appearance which put her in such a
humiliating situation, we should stop and think about
who we ourselves are in Southern Africa. Most of us as
women in South Africa have wide bums, wide hips and
padded backs. We should not be ashamed of that.
In order to honour Sarah Baartman we should see to it
that the designers - those with dresses for women in
their shops - have dresses that are made to suit African
woman. [Applause.] We should not be ashamed of who we
are. We should be proud and hold our heads up high,
because there is a reason for our being what we are. The
prejudices which affected Sarah Baartmann still exist -
even today. Our young girls, when they enter a beauty
competition, will be rejected because they have wide
hips and they are not slim. [Applause.] Hardly any
designers cater for us and in the end we are brainwashed
by constantly being shown beautiful pictures of women in
magazines that reflect figures of women in the dominant
culture. Sarah Baartmann's story should actually make us
think seriously of who we are in South Africa and
Southern Africa, and about how these things still
08 August 2002 Page 123 of 354
happen, but in a clever way, one which is not so
obvious.
The point that I want to focus on, which is the leading
theme of this debate, is reclaiming the dignity and the
rights of African women. The very topic implies that
there is something to be reclaimed, that there is
something which has been lost by African women. We need
to look at those things even in day-to-day communication
among ourselves, and see what was there that was good
and is now being eroded. For instance, today people sing
the song: ``Igama lamakhosikazi malibongwe.'' [The
women's name should be praised.] The very term
``inkosikazi'' [a woman] is elevating a woman because a
suffix is added to ``inkosi'' [a king] and a woman is
now a great ``inkosi'' [king] and various other words
like that are used to refer to women: ``inkosazana''
[maiden], ``indodakazi'' [daughter] and others like
them. All these things were meant to enhance the dignity
of women. What is spoken goes with the conceptual value
and morality of a society.
The instance of the erosion of the dignity of African
women is also visible in the context of marriage. As we
08 August 2002 Page 124 of 354
all know, on marriage in Africa, especially Southern
Africa, women never changed their names. They retained
their names and they held the status of a mother, while
the man held the status of a father, which made them
partners in parenting. At the same time, however, the
woman had her domain, the domestic domain, where she had
all sorts of control over that domain in the agrarian
culture. Hon members can imagine that the women had
control of all crop-yielding land, while the man had
control of the livestock land. All this balance meant
that women were not dependent on men, but that there
were checks and balances which saw to it that there was
equity in the gender relationship. [Time expired.]
[Applause.]
Mr D A A OLIFANT: Madam Speaker and hon members, let me
start by saying: ``Malibongwe! [Let it be praised!]
[Interjections.] Malibongwe! [Let it be praised!]
[Interjections.]
Sarah Baartman is uit die Kaap weggelok onder
voorwendsels dat sy 'n goeie werk sou kon kry, baie geld
sou kon verdien en natuurlik 'n lekker gemaklike lewe
08 August 2002 Page 125 of 354
sou lei. Dit was nie so nie en sy het eerder 'n lewe van
hel, pyn en vernedering ervaar.
Jong meisies word net so van die platteland gelok om in
die stede te kom werk. Hulle beland dan hier onder die
indruk dat hul lewens aansienlik gaan verbeter. In baie
gevalle moet hulle dan met die onmenslikste
omstandighede tevrede wees. Hulle slaap in motorhuise,
werk ongoddelike ure in die huis en by die winkel, en
dan moet hulle vanaand nog kinders oppas wanneer die
baas en die miesies hul vriende oornooi vir 'n
geselligheidjie. Hulle kan nie naweke uitgaan nie, kry
nooit af nie, kry slegter kos as die hond en verdien
minder geld as wat belowe is.
'n Ander aspek is dat hierdie dames mense met behoeftes
is. Hulle gaan mans ontmoet, verhoudings aanknoop en
soms erg mishandel word. Dan is daar diegene wat
besluit, of soms gedwing word, om as prostitute te werk
om geld te verdien. Dit is dikwels as gevolg van
ekonomiese omstandighede, asook van pure manipulering
deur mans wat bloot die teergevoeligheid van vroue
uitbuit. Selfs op plekke waar die swak ekonomiese
omstandighede 'n geweldige negatiewe impak het op die
08 August 2002 Page 126 of 354
sosiale vesel van ons gemeenskappe, is uitbuiting,
mishandeling en geweld teen vroue en kinders aan die
orde van die dag.
Ons ken natuurlik die voorbeeld van baba Tshepang in
Louisvale. Ek is baie dankbaar daar geskied reg in ons
regstelsel en dat David Potse - ons neem aan hy was die
kind se pa - lewenslank tronk toe gestuur is vir hierdie
onmenslike daad.
Verder wil ons ook 'n sterk waarskuwing aan pa's rig.
Dit is altyd elke ouer, en in die besonder die pa, se
plig om die kinders en die huisgesin te beskerm en net
die beste vir hulle te gee. Dit is die onmenslikste ding
wanneer 'n kind, wat haar hele lewe aan haar vader
toevertrou, deur hom verkrag en onsedelik aangerand
word. Ons spreek ons simpatie uit met alle vroue en
kinders wat op die walglikste en onmenslikste maniere
verkrag en onsedelik aangerand word, en wat deesdae in
die meeste gevalle ook wreed vermoor word.
So ook gaan my simpatie uit na die ouers van Edwina
Booysen, 'n vyftienjarige dogter van Atlantis wat vermis
geraak het nadat sy en haar 30-jarige vriendin gaan stap
08 August 2002 Page 127 of 354
het. Hulle is deur vier mans gegryp en die bosse
ingesleep. Edwina se vriendin was gelukkig om te
ontsnap, maar sy was nie en het op die wreedste
moontlike manier met haar lewe geboet. Sy is verkrag en
met meer as 300 meswonde in 'n vlak graf begrawe. Daar
word beweer dat sy in daardie stadium nog kon gelewe
het. 'n Kind van baie eenvoudige ouers, maar met 'n
blink toekoms, is deur 'n spul walglike barbare verhoed
om haar ideale te verwesenlik.
Ek wil ook die mense, en veral die vroue, van Atlantis,
Mamre, Pella, Witsand en ander gebiede in die Weskaap en
die res van ons land prys vir die manier waarop hulle
baklei om die skuldiges wat hierdie dade pleeg agter
tralies te probeer kry. Geen man het die reg om vroue te
verkrag nie. Hulle moet ook nie met die twak verskoning
kom dat die dade gepleeg word as gevolg van die
uitlokkende kleredrag van vrouens nie. Dit is
onaanvaarbaar.
Ek is ook baie trots op die mans wat onlangs aan die
``Men's March'' deelgeneem het met die boodskap, ``Real
men don't rape''. Dit beteken dat die uitbuiting,
vernedering en slegte behandeling waaraan Sarah Baartman
08 August 2002 Page 128 of 354
200 jaar gelede blootgestel is, vandag steeds voortduur
onder haar nakomelinge. Dit kan nie, dit mag nie, moet
nie en dit durf nie meer geduld word nie.
Terwyl ons dus gereedmaak vir die teraardebestellling
van haar oorskot môre, op Vrouedag, moet ons ook dink
aan die voortgesette ontmensliking van die Sarah
Baartmans van vandag.
Vroue gaan nog baie gebuk onder groot diskriminasie in
ons samelewing. Op die fabrieksvloer verdien vroue
steeds minder as mans en het hulle baie minder voordele
as mans. By sekere werksplekke is daar vroue wat nie
eens afkry om vir 'n eenvoudige papsmeer te gaan nie. Op
ander plekke word vroue se swangerskap nie eens erken
nie. Dit is ook so dat veral die swart vroue wat die
meeste swaarkry juis enkelouers is wat boonop werkloos
is.
Ek rig 'n ernstige versoek aan die Departement van
Welsyn om al die probleme met die uitbetaling van
toelaes vir vroue en kinders so gou as moontlik uit die
weg te ruim. Ek weet nie of agb lede al by die
uitbetaalpunte was nie, maar die grootste vernedering is
08 August 2002 Page 129 of 354
die tipe taal waarin vroue toegesnou word wanneer hulle
daar staan en wag vir die toelaes om uitbetaal te word,
maar hul name is nie daar nie en hulle wil dit nie
aanvaar nie. Dit moet asseblief end kry. Die departement
moet verder sy amptenare opvoed om hierdie mense beter
te behandel. Hierdie mense is nie daar om te bedel nie.
Hulle gaan daarheen om 'n toelae te ontvang waarop hulle
geregtig is. (Translation of Afrikaans paragraphs
follows.)
[Sarah Baartman was lured away from the Cape on the
pretext that she would get a good job, could earn lots
of money and would obviously lead an easy life. This was
not the case and she experienced a life of hell, pain
and humiliation.
In the same way young girls are lured from the rural
areas to come and work in the cities. They end up here
under the impression that their lives would improve
considerably. In many cases they have to be satisfied
with the most inhuman circumstances. They sleep in
garages, work ungodly hours in the house and at the
shop, and then in the evenings they still have to look
after children when the boss and the madam invite their
08 August 2002 Page 130 of 354
friends over for a get-together. They cannot go out over
weekends, never get time off, receive worse food than
the dog and less money than what they were promised.
Another aspect is that these ladies are people with
needs. They are going to meet men and have relationships
and sometimes even be badly abused. Then there are those
who decide, or are sometimes forced, to work as
prostitutes in order to earn money. This is often as a
result of economic circumstances, as well as of pure
manipulation by men who merely exploit the sensitivity
of women. Even at places where poor economic
circumstances have a severely negative impact on the
social fabric of our society, exploitation, abuse and
violence against women and children is the order of the
day.
We of course know the example of baby Tshepang in
Louisvale. I am very grateful that justice is prevailing
in our justice system and that David Potse - we assume
that he is the father of the child - will receive a
lifelong prison sentence for this inhuman deed.
08 August 2002 Page 131 of 354
We would furthermore also like to issue a strong warning
to fathers. It is always every parent's duty, and in
particular that of the father, to protect his children
and family and only give them the very best. It is the
most inhuman thing when a child, who trusts her father
with her life, is raped and indecently assaulted by him.
We express our sympathy to those women and children who
are raped and indecently assaulted in the most repulsive
and inhuman manner, and who, these days, are also
murdered in most cases in the most brutal manner.
So also my sympathy goes to the parents of Edwina
Booysen, a fifteen-year-old daughter of Atlantis who
went missing after she and her thirty-year-old
girlfriend went for a walk. They were grabbed by four
men and were dragged into the bushes. Edwina's friend
was lucky enough to escape, but she was not and paid
with her life in the most brutal manner possible. She
was raped and was buried in a shallow grave with more
than 300 knife wounds. It is alleged that at that stage
she might still have been alive. A child of very simple
parents, but with a bright future, was prevented from
realising her ideals by a bunch of vile barbarians.
08 August 2002 Page 132 of 354
I also want to praise all the people, and especially the
women from Atlantis, Mamre, Pella, Witsand and other
areas in the Western Cape and the rest of our country
for the manner in which they are fighting to get the
perpetrators of these deeds behind bars. No man has the
right to rape any woman. They should also not come with
their stupid excuse that these crimes are committed as a
result of the provocative clothing of these women. This
is unacceptable.
I am also very proud of the men who recently
participated in the men's march with the message ``Real
men don't rape''. This means that the exploitation,
humiliation and bad treatment to which Sarah Baartman
was exposed to 200 years ago is still continuing today
amongst her descendants. This cannot, should not, may
not and dare not be tolerated any longer.
While we are getting ourselves ready for the burial of
her remains tomorrow, on Women's Day, we should also
think of the continued dehumanisation of the Sarah
Baartmans of today.
08 August 2002 Page 133 of 354
Women still suffer a lot under major discrimination in
our society. On the factory floor women still earn less
than men and have much fewer benefits than men. At
certain places of work there are women who do not even
get off to go for a simple papsmear. At other places
women's pregnancies are not even recognised. It is also
a fact that especially black women who struggle the most
are, in fact, single parents who are also unemployed.
I am making an earnest appeal to the Department of
Welfare to deal with all the problems regarding the
payouts of grants for women and children, as soon as
possible. I do not know whether hon members have been to
these payout points, but the biggest humiliation is the
type of language in which these women are snarled at
when they stand there and wait for the grants to be paid
out, but their names are not there and they do not want
to accept this. This should please come to an end. The
department should further educate its officials to treat
these people better. These people are not there to beg.
They go there to receive a grant to which they are
entitled.]
08 August 2002 Page 134 of 354
On a more positive note, although a lot needs to be
done, women are taking control of their lives. On the
political front South Africa boasts the largest number
of female Cabinet Ministers and more than 25% of its
members of Parliament are women. Of course, 30% of the
ANC's members are women. That is, of course, the
example.
On the economic front we should seriously consider the
shockingly low participation of women in the economy. In
the private and public sectors black women, meaning
African, Coloured and Indian, are still positioned at
the extreme low end of management structures. We hope
that the Government will soon be able to evaluate the
country's employment equity policies, so that the law
can be enforced more harshly if there is an insufficient
improvement in these figures.
In the Western Cape we have an outstanding role model in
the form of Zulfah Alli, who successfully tendered for a
building contract worth an unprecedented R7,2 million.
She had to overcome lots of obstacles and, at times,
insults to get this particular contract. It was only
when she wrote to President Mbeki and also took a
08 August 2002 Page 135 of 354
complaint to the Western Cape Racism Conference early
last year, that her problems with the DA and the Western
Cape government came to light. She was threatened with
legal action and the withdrawal of her tender, but she
continued this fight. In the Western Cape there was a
law called the Preferential Procurement Act, whereby
they would only give black empowerment companies
contracts with a ceiling of R2 million. Well done,
Zulfah, that is the spirit of women.
We also sing praise to Natalie du Toit, who is not only
an outstanding athlete, but who is also disabled. She
has won the highest honour for the people of South
Africa with her outstanding achievement at the
Commonwealth Games. [Applause.]
Ons sing 'n loflied aan 'n maatskappy in Atlantis,
naamlik Atlantis Forge, wat gestremde vroue in diens het
wat hoogs tegnologiese masjiene bedien en wat produksie
van uitstaande kwaliteit lewer vir maatskappye soos
Daimler-Chrysler, BMW en Volkswagen. Na ek verneem beoog
dié maatskappy dat ongeveer 5% van sy poste uiteindelik
deur liggaamlik gestremdes gevul sal word. (Translation
of Afrikaans paragraph follows.)
08 August 2002 Page 136 of 354
[We sing a song of praise to a company in Atlantis,
namely Atlantis Forge, where disabled women are employed
who service highly technological machines and who
deliver products of outstanding quality for companies
such as Daimler-Chrysler, BMW and Volkswagen. After I
enquired, this company eventually aims to fill
approximately 5% of its post with disabled people.]
We sing praise to all of those women in our country who
have been abused, raped, indecently assaulted and
discriminated against, but who have stood up to fight
for their rights and have ensured that the perpetrators
of these deeds were successfully put behind bars.
The fight for the emancipation of women in our country
and in the world still has a long way to go. However, we
men can help to shorten this particular fight. The
sooner we realise that women are our equals and not just
the bearers of our children, who must also prepare our
food, the sooner we can be a successful society, a
successful country and a successful world. [Applause.]
Debate concluded.
08 August 2002 Page 137 of 354
The House adjourned at 16:35.
__________
ANNOUNCEMENTS, TABLINGS AND COMMITTEE REPORT
ANNOUNCEMENTS:
National Assembly and National Council of Provinces:
1. The Speaker and the Chairperson:
(1) Assent by the President of the Republic in
respect of the following Bills:
(i) Electronic Communications and
Transactions Bill [B 8B - 2002] - Act No
25 of 2002 (assented to and signed by
President on 31 July 2002); and
(ii) Taxation Laws Amendment Bill [B 26 -
2002] - Act No 30 of 2002 (assented to
and signed by President on 31 July
2002).
08 August 2002 Page 138 of 354
National Assembly:
1. The Speaker:
(1) Message from National Council of Provinces to
National Assembly:
Bill, subject to proposed amendments, passed by
National Council of Provinces on 7 August 2002
and transmitted for consideration of Council's
proposed amendments:
(i) Planning Profession Bill [B 76B - 2001]
(National Assembly - sec 75) (for proposed
amendments, see Announcements, Tablings and
Committee Reports, 24 July 2002, p 1213).
The Bill has been referred to the Portfolio
Committee on Agriculture and Land Affairs of the
National Assembly for a report on the amendments
proposed by the Council.
2. The Speaker:
08 August 2002 Page 139 of 354
The following papers have been tabled and are now
referred to the relevant committees as mentioned
below:
(1) The following papers are referred to the
Portfolio Committee on Water Affairs and
Forestry:
(a) Government Notice No R 980 published in
Government Gazette No 23636 dated 19 July
2002: Regulations tabled in terms of section
71(2) of the Water Services Act, 1997 (Act
No 108 of 1997).
(b) Proclamation No 242 published in Government
Gazette No 23180 dated 8 March 2002: Board
of Bloem Water: Extension of Service Area,
tabled in terms of section 28(1)(c) of the
Water Services Act, 1997 (Act No 108 of
1997).
(2) The following paper is referred to the Portfolio
Committee on Transport. The Report of the
Auditor-General is referred to the Standing
08 August 2002 Page 140 of 354
Committee on Public Accounts for consideration
and report:
Annual Report and Financial Statements of the
South African Roads Agency Limited for 2000-
2001, including the Report of the Auditor-
General on the Financial Statements for 2000-
2001 [RP 65-2002].
(3) The following paper is referred to the Portfolio
Committee on Transport:
Annual Report and Financial Statements of the
Air Traffic and Navigation Services Company
Limited for 2001-2002.
(4) The following paper is referred to the Portfolio
Committee on Trade and Industry. The Report of
the Auditor-General is referred to the Standing
Committee on Public Accounts for consideration
and report:
Annual Report and Financial Statements of the
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
08 August 2002 Page 141 of 354
for 2001-2002, including the Report of the
Auditor-General on the Financial Statements for
2001-2002 [RP 98-2002].
(5) The following paper is referred to the Portfolio
Committee on Trade and Industry.
Report of the Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research on the Technology Impact for
2002.
(6) The following paper is referred to the Portfolio
Committee on Justice and Constitutional
Development. The Report of the Auditor-General
is referred to the Standing Committee on Public
Accounts for consideration and report:
Annual Report and Financial Statements of the
Independent Electoral Commission regarding the
Management and Administration of the Represented
Political Parties' Fund for 2000-2001, including
the Report of the Auditor-General on the
Financial Statements for 2000-2001 [RP 15-2002].
08 August 2002 Page 142 of 354
(7) The following paper is referred to the Portfolio
Committee on Labour. The Report of the Auditor-
General is referred to the Standing Committee on
Public Accounts for consideration and report:
Annual Report and Financial Statements of the
Compensation Fund for 2001-2002, including the
Report of the Auditor-General on the Financial
Statements for 2001-2002 [RP 118-2002].
TABLINGS:
National Assembly and National Council of Provinces:
Papers:
1. The Minister for Justice and Constitutional
Development:
Annual Report and Financial Statements of the
Independent Electoral Commission regarding the
Management and Administration of the Represented
Political Parties' Fund for 1999-2000, including the
Report of the Auditor-General on the Financial
08 August 2002 Page 143 of 354
Statements for 1999-2000 [RP 14-2002].
COMMITTEE REPORTS:
National Assembly:
1. Report of the Portfolio Committee on Education on
Visits to Institutions of Higher Learning, dated 6
November 2001:
The Portfolio Committee on Education, having sent
delegations to institutions of higher learning in
May and August 2001, reports as follows:
A. Objective of visits
In a meeting on 28 February 2001, the Committee
unanimously agreed that delegations undertake
provincial visits to institutions of higher
learning to assess the rate at which
transformation was taking place and to give
special attention to the following issues:
08 August 2002 Page 144 of 354
1. Implementation of the National Student
Financial Aid Scheme
(NSFAS), to ensure that access by the poorest
of the poor to higher education is improved.
2. Adaptation of entry requirements, bridging
programmes and the manner in which entrance
requirements are made public to all people,
irrespective of language and cultural
background.
3. How much the tradition and ethos of the
institutions have adapted to new ethnically
and culturally integrated student bodies, so
that all students form an integral part of
these institutions.
4. How much institutions have adapted their
curricula to ensure appropriate output to
satisfy the country's goals of economic
renewal.
B. Delegations
08 August 2002 Page 145 of 354
1. Peninsula Technikon
The delegation was under the leadership of
the Committee chairperson, Prof S M Mayatula
(ANC), and included Dr J Benjamin (ANC), Ms
D G Nhlengethwa (ANC), Ms E Gandhi (ANC), Mr
R P Z van den Heever (ANC), Prof S S Ripinga
(ANC), Mr S J Mohai (ANC), Mr K Moonsamy
(ANC), Ms N C Manjezi (Committee Secretary)
and Ms N Borotho (Committee Assistant).
2. University of Fort Hare, University of
Transkei and University of Natal
The delegation, under the leadership of the
Committee chairperson, Prof S M Mayatula
(ANC), included Mrs M A A Njobe (ANC), Ms E
Gandhi (ANC), Mr A M Mpontshane (IFP), Dr B
L Geldenhuys (New NP), Ms N C Manjezi
(Committee Secretary), Ms N Borotho
(Committee Assistant) and Mr B Ntsong
(Departmental Official).
08 August 2002 Page 146 of 354
Prof L M Mbadi from the UDM joined the
delegation at the University of Transkei.
3. Wits University, Potchefstroom University
and University of the North
The delegation, under the leadership of Ms P
K Mothoagae (ANC), included Mr S B Ntuli
(ANC), Ms P N Mnandi (ANC), Mr R S Ntuli
(DP), Mr C Aucamp (AEB), Ms A Jojozi
(Committee Secretary), Ms D Martin
(Committee Assistant) and Mr M Mampuru
(Departmental Official).
Mr L I Maphoto (ANC) joined the delegation
at the University of the North.
C. Peninsula Technikon - 22 May 2001
1. Official view by Prof B Figaji, Vice-
Chancellor
On arrival at the Peninsula Technikon, the
delegation was warmly welcomed by the Vice-
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Chancellor, Prof B Figaji, and the
Management Board.
At the Technikon, they focus on providing an
environment conducive to learning and on
programmes that promote academic success for
those serious about using the opportunity to
obtain a tertiary qualification. The
institution takes pride in providing for the
holistic development of students -
academically, spiritually, physically and
culturally. Students are provided with
technological education that prepares them
for the world of work through experiential
programmes.
The Senate deals with academic staff. The
Student Representative Council (SRC) runs
its own budget and meets with the Management
Board on a six-weekly basis. There are good
students and a very supportive staff.
At the time of the visit, they were building
the R26 million Information Technology
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Centre, with 1 450 computers. They needed
more funding to complete the project.
The Technikon shall be a centre of
excellence for career education, to be
recognised by the community, commerce and
industry, as well as the public sector, as
being responsive to the needs of society. It
will be non-racial, non-sexist and
democratic.
2. Implementation of National Student Financial
Aid Scheme (NSFAS) - official view by Mr G
Reynecke, Head: Financial Aid, and Mr T
Titus, Head: Student Affairs
The Technikon has historically served a
student population coming from socially,
educationally and economically disadvantaged
backgrounds. Providing financial aid to
students to ensure access of the poor to
higher education has always been a priority.
It is important to ensure sustained support
to such students during their academic life.
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The scheme administers all financial aid -
institutional funds from donors, nominated
awards and work study programmes.
(a) Processes and procedures
Institutional policies governing the
distribution of financial assistance is
developed and reviewed by the Financial
Aid Committee and the Financial Aid
Forum. The committee consists of
academics, support services and student
leadership. The forum is a working
committee representative of staff in the
Financial Aid Office and the SRC. The
input of students is canvassed through
the forum to review, develop and
implement policies governing the
distribution of NSFAS funds. The forum
has regular meetings to focus on the
implementation of criteria developed and
the assessment of appeals from student
applications on matters related to the
allocations of NSFAS funds.
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Students are involved in all committees
in the institution and participate fully
in them. The Technikon at all times
ensures the sustainability of the
system.
(b) Criteria
Key elements in the selection of
students are academic ability or
potential and financial need. These
elements are guided by an NSFAS policy
document. Students are expected to pass
at least 50% of their courses in order
to qualify. They are also allowed one
year longer than the prescribed minimum
duration to qualify.
Financial need is broadly based on the
income of the household and the number
of dependants. Students or their
families are generally expected to
contribute towards their study costs,
with the poorest making the smallest or
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no contribution at all. A maximum amount
of household income is determined
annually. Upon registration, a student
must pay R940 upfront (this increases
the next year). Only registered students
are allocated money from the scheme.
(c) Costing of awards
The method of determining the size of
awards is based on the NSFAS guideline:
Study cost minus own contribution minus
other awards equals NSFAS award. Study
cost is made up of tuition fees,
accommodation and meals (or private
boarding) and books. As 60% of the
students are from rural areas, there are
systems to assist them.
(d) Application and selection process
Senior students apply during
October/November. Once data is captured
on the mainframe computer, selection is
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done as soon as possible after
registration, usually during March. Upon
completion of the required contracts,
selected students are assisted by means
of access to meals, books, photocopies
and study material, even though it takes
a while before funds are transferred to
the institution.
First-year students apply during
registration. Selection is done during
May/June. The same process for senior
students applies to them upon receipt of
completed contract forms required. Only
registered students can access the
funding.
The selection process is systems-driven.
Initial screening assesses basic
academic ability and financial need of
applicants. Further manual assessments
are done to ensure that students have
been treated fairly. All the processes
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and procedures are progressive,
democratic and transparent.
(e) NSFAS allocations
1997 - 2 138; 1998 - 3 020; 1999 - 2
396; 2000 - 3 199.
(f) Challenges and positive aspects
A challenge shared with the SRC and
other student bodies is to limit the
abuse of funding on the one hand and on
the other to congratulate the government
for introducing this.
3. Entry requirements, student development and
integrated language development - official
view by Ms C Jacobs, Language Co-ordinator,
and Mr L Himunchul
Peninsula Technikon is a higher education
institution and the standard requirement is
a matriculation certificate. It also has a
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Recognition of Prior Learning policy that
facilitates access of mature students who do
not meet the formal entry requirements, but
bring a wealth of learning acquired via
experience in the workplace and other
learning environments.
The institution has also been involved in
alternative admission processes like
Headstart and Access Programme. These
initiatives aim at preparing students for
higher education by providing foundation
work in areas like mathematics and science.
Access Programme was also a vehicle for
training and education of returning cadres
in the early 1990s, to enable their
reintegration into post-apartheid South
Africa.
They do not have any bridging/foundation
programmes. Compensatory programmes are
integrated into the academic offering of
departments. All departments have one or
more of the following programmes:
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supplementary instruction/tutorial support;
laboratory/practical assistants; language
development tutorials; and academic
consultation.
The effectiveness of peer collaborative
learning has been well researched and
documented. Early theories - Dewy, Piaget
and Bruner - provided clear direction that
led to the much valued peer collaborative
learning. Developmental psychologists
carried on the early research, and recent
research in college student development and
retention lent further empirical support.
The fact that only 24% of the students have
English as their first language, presents a
teaching and learning challenge for
educators. Experience has shown that the
only way to improve the success rate, is to
recognise and confront the issue of
language. Unfortunately, there is no easy or
rapid, yet effective, remedial programme to
correct the extent of the linguistic
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disadvantage the majority of students
experience when they enter higher education.
The Technikon has adopted a short-term
support strategy for students and a longer-
term change strategy for staff. These
strategies are implemented together, but the
two sets of outcomes are measured
independently.
(a) Purpose of short-term strategy for
students
The purpose is to improve their language
skills by providing structured
tutorials, offering computer-aided
language learning courses, establishing
and supporting peer study groups and
providing more student-centred learning
material.
(b) Purpose of long-term change strategy for
staff
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The purpose is to involve lecturers,
through capacity-building training
programmes and material development
projects, to consciously think about how
they teach, about the appropriateness of
the material they use and about the need
to consider the linguistic ability of
their learners.
The US has donated R1 million for
student support and staff development
initiatives.
4. Curriculum change - official view by Prof H
Fransman, Director: Educational Development
Centre
The Technikon commits itself to develop
academically, socially and technologically
competent students, who are responsive to
the broader need of society, by:
* Promoting an environment conducive to
human development
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* Facilitating appropriate tuition, co-
operative education
and support according to the academic
needs of the
students
* Encouraging staff commitment to quality
education and
service
* Offering programmes for educationally
disadvantaged
students
* Fostering lifelong learning.
The centre is intimately involved in
providing support to teaching staff so that
their efforts may lead to elevating the
quality of student learning. Part of the
support is given through intensive research
into student learning. Research has shown
that at school students learn too much
detail, they have no time to think. The
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Technikon want to see students use their
analytical ability more often. It was
emphasised that students should become more
concerned with the nature of evidence on
which they base an argument.
Students learn a multitude of techniques in
the different disciplines. These techniques
are used to solve problems related to the
discipline and the industry. Very often
students do not question these techniques,
as they believe that the lecturer is right.
In the early stage of their career in higher
education, students treat staff as the
ultimate authority from whom they expect the
answers. In order to cope with the workload,
surface approaches to learning are adopted,
i.e. the memorising of facts. The other
issue is: HOW did the lecturer engage with
the students and the learning material?
The new approach to curriculum development
via outcomes, modularisation and continuous
assessment, hopes to alleviate some of these
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problems. It was found by the centre that
students preferred teachers with a similar
cognitive style as their own. For example,
students who are very dependent on the
lecturer, would require more structural
support provided by articulated forms of
teaching. If the lecturer has not been able
to determine the extent to which students
are dependent, he/she will not know how to
adapt the teaching.
The centre does research on student learning
as an extension of previous research in an
attempt to discover in greater detail what
students' conceptions of learning are. While
many students study, especially during
examination or test time, very few learn.
Areas to be covered, are:
What does learning mean to the student? What
are their preferences for different courses?
What are their preferences for different
styles of learning (e.g. a holistic style, a
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serialist style, a deep approach, a surface
approach or strategic approach to learning)?
The research is based on work done in the
UK, Sweden, Denmark and the USA, and it has
also been extended to the Technikon Northern
Gauteng, the Eastern Cape Technikon and M L
Sultan Technikon. The findings of the
research will inform their curriculum
development processes and the manner in
which the Technikon teach.
5. Curriculum development - official view by Mr
J Garraway
The curriculum development process has
involved changing teaching in step with
government policy. According to the National
Plan for Higher Education (2001:9), one of
the challenges facing higher education is
the "mobilisation of human talent and
potential through life-long learning to
contribute to social, economic, cultural and
intellectual life of a rapidly changing
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society". This is to be done through
improving teaching programmes so as to
produce students with critical competencies
necessary to function in modern society,
students who are information- and computer-
literate, who are effective communicators,
who possess analytical, problem-solving and
knowledge reconfiguration skills, and who
are team builders and networkers with
negotiating skills. Overarching these
developments are the policies of redress and
equity outlined in the White Paper on Higher
Education of 1997.
The Technikon has set about responding to
the challenges laid down by the Department
by changing teaching in the following two
ways:
(a) Designing an outcomes-based curriculum
In 1999 technikons submitted outcomes-
based, rather than subject-based,
qualifications to SAQA for interim
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registration. This was a joint effort by
all technikons. During 2000 lecturers in
every Peninsula Technikon department
worked on these qualification outcomes,
as follows:
They broke the qualification outcomes
down into smaller outcomes more specific
to teaching and learning, in that they
reflected the Technikon's particular
teaching and learning fields of
expertise. They then included the above
critical competencies in the wording of
the outcomes.
The lecturers added outcomes which
reflected passing judgement on actions
and changing behaviour to adapt to new
circumstances.
The outcomes were levelled so as to
reflect the stage of learning of the
learner.
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(b) Designing integrated assessments
In 2001 lecturers began designing
integrated projects so that learners
could achieve the outcomes described
above. These projects were characterised
as workplace simulation activities,
integrated across subjects and involving
critical competencies. Projects were
criterion-referenced, meaning that what
lecturers were looking for in an ideal
answer, including the critical
competencies, was made clear to learners
before they started the project.
Furthermore, learners were expected to
assess and monitor their progress in the
project against the criteria as a method
of encouraging life-long learning.
All programmes have advisory committees
on course content. Most students are
given the opportunity to look for jobs.
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According to the President of the SRC,
Mr T Damoyi, there are in-service
training programmes for students. The
academic board reviews programmes
offered so as to update the curriculum.
6. Student development - official view by Mr E
Sebokedi, Deputy Head: Student Affairs
A major challenge for the leadership
development and student governance support
segment was to develop capacity to train
student leadership in accordance with
identified needs, whilst at the same time
continuing to provide support to student
structures. Within the context of limited
resources, they offer students leadership
development programmes and give support to
structures on campus.
The operation of the leadership development
and student governance support segment was
translated into key performance areas and
key performance indicators.
08 August 2002 Page 166 of 354
The KPAs and KPIs for the SRC Administration
office (Student Governance Support) were
never finalised.
(a) Areas identified as scope of work
* Dealing with general student
enquiries (providing information and
referrals)
* Typing correspondence and reports
for the SRC and student structures
* Mailing and registering
correspondence, reception of calls
and messaging
* Other related matters.
(b) Student leadership training and
evaluation
The office organised 17 workshops during
the year under review. The total number
of participants in training workshops
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during the year was 510. The target
groups for the workshop were divided
into two cohorts, namely elected student
leaders and non-elected leaders. The
participants evaluated four workshops,
namely those held for class
representatives (Faculty Councils) and
house committee members (Central
Residence Committee).
The workshops conducted during the
period of review partially met the two
objectives:
* To facilitate learning about the
roles and responsibilities of
elected student leaders
* To train students in problem-solving
skills.
The focus areas of problem-solving and
systems orientation were adequately met.
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(c) Leadership consultations
Over the past five years, an open-door
policy for student leaders wishing to
consult on a range of
problems/challenges, was established.
The general approach is to listen to the
problem statement, to ask questions of
clarification and to suggest possible
options to deal with the matter at hand.
It is consistently communicated to
student leaders that it is their
responsibility to take decisions and act
upon them.
To accurately account for the impact of
such consultations, presented a problem.
It was therefore decided to get more
accurate data on such consultations. The
practice of recording data was not
consistently followed during the period
under review. The consultation focus
areas were: 41% workshop planning; 17%
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enterprise opportunities; 41% project
conceptualisation; and 17% others.
(d) Institutional promotion and student
development
This office is currently engaged in
three initiatives to promote student
development:
* Drafting an institutional
development plan
* Co-ordinating the first-year
orientation forum
* Contributing to the establishment of
a new IT Centre.
These activities relate to the
department's objective of maximising
resources for skills development on
campus.
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On drafting the student development
plan, the student affairs division
complements the concerted efforts for
both students and staff.
D. University of Fort Hare - 6 August 2001
1. History and microscopic view of previous 18
months - official view by Prof D Swartz,
Vice-Chancellor
The University of Fort Hare was established
in 1916 and includes the Alice and Bisho
campuses, with 5 200 students and 570 staff
members. It is a rural, agricultural and
research university with a huge potential,
central to the political economy of the
Nkonkobe region.
The name "Fort Hare" is internationally and
nationally known and envisaged to be known
as a Centre for Liberation Studies, a Centre
for Leadership Development, and a Centre for
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Agriculture, Rural and Environmental
Technology.
(a) Decline and crisis of 1990s
There was a massive structural and
strategic shift in higher education due
to the impact of globalisation on higher
education and serious leadership
weaknesses.
(b) Institutional crisis of 1998-99
The institutional crisis of 1998-99
revolved around three sources:
* A financial deficit of R90 million
* Academic viability - student numbers
declined (in 1999 there were 2 500
students, which affected the macro-
economic viability and university
finances because of a radically
reduced government subsidy)
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* The failure of leadership at all
levels.
(c) New beginning - 2000
The crisis led to the departure of the
management and the appointment of an
Interim Management Team and a New
Council after six months. The university
had remarkable stability on campus, with
no boycotts or strikes.
The six-point plan was drafted, which
included a stabilisation process, short-
term liquidity, institutional review (to
understand what was happening on
campus), the advent of Strategic Plan
2000 (SP 2000), and management and
leadership implementation.
SP 2000 sets out in broad strategic
terms a new vision, mission, corporate
goals and institutional activities aimed
at laying a basis for comprehensively
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restructuring and developing the
university in the 21st century. It was
launched by the Deputy President, Mr J
Zuma, in May 2000. (SP 2000 is available
on website ufh@ac.za.)
(d) Vision
Fort Hare aspires to become a vibrant,
equitable and sustainable African
university committed to teaching and
research excellence, building on its
unique historical role and rural
location to provide an enriching
education service to its graduates and
scholars.
(e) Mission
Its mission is to provide high quality
education of international standard,
contributing to the advancement of
knowledge that is socially and ethically
relevant, and applying that knowledge to
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the scientific, technological and socio-
economic development of our nation and
the wider world.
(f) Corporate goals
* Securing long-term sustainability
and viability
* Becoming the Centre for Leadership
Development
* Achieving teaching and research
excellence
Addressing the development
challenges of the region and the
nation
* Becoming a world-class university.
(g) Strategic objectives
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The 10 strategic objectives, as
mentioned by the Vice-Chancellor, are to
diversify and expand the revenue base,
to offer high quality and competitive
programmes, to sharpen the teaching and
research skills base, to refocus and
realign academic programmes, to make
strategic use of Fort Hare's human
capital resources, to improve the
quality of student and staff life, to
increase the capacity, quality and
efficiency of support systems, to forge
new educational partnerships, to promote
rural development in Nkonkobe and the
Eastern Cape region, and to raise rural
and development support for local
industry, agriculture and development
sectors.
(h) Implementation strategy - core
interventions
* Vision, governance and leadership
08 August 2002 Page 176 of 354
Prof D Swartz is of the view that
Fort Hare needs to involve people in
order for them to be responsible.
There is a need for corporate
commitment to SP 2000 values and
ethics, to promote service ethos,
performance management and link-
shared governance with individual
responsibility.
* Academic restructuring
In January 2000, eight faculties
were closed. Fort Hare had created
four new faculties: Agriculture and
Environmental Sciences; African and
Democracy Studies; Science and
Technology; and Management,
Development and Commerce. The Govan
Mbeki Research and Development
Centre was also established.
Their respective focuses would be:
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Agriculture and Environmental
Sciences: The science of free-
ranging animals, agronomics
sciences, environmental science and
land use planning, agricultural
economics and rural development
African and Democracy Studies:
Liberation studies, Eastern Cape
studies, music and arts academy,
Nelson Mandela Law School, theology
of empowerment
Science and Technology: Indigenous
resources management and
development, developmental
technologies, community health
sciences, and analytical sciences
Management, Development and
Commerce: Education management,
public policy and management,
business and accounting,
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developmental studies, and co-
operative studies
The Govan Mbeki Research and
Development Centre will play a very
important role in promoting research
culture, building strategic research
linkages, improving quality of
research management, and developing
rural and development
infrastructure.
They also appointed Executive Deans
and granted VSPs to 112 surplus
staff. They phased out non-viable
programmes and introduced new ones.
* Finance and revenue
This would involve updating
financial records, introducing a new
FMS, programme-based budgeting,
training financial management,
restructuring the Fort Hare
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Foundation and starting a major
capital fund campaign to boost
income.
* Support services
This would involve the refurbishing
of buildings, modernising
administration systems, improving
student services, outsourcing non-
core services, and upgrading IT
infrastructure.
* Human resources
This would include introducing new
HR policies, redeploying staff to
new operational divisions and
faculties, a skills development
plan, performance-based management
and an equity plan.
* Strategic partnerships
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This would include the Nkonkobe
Development Plan, the Agripart
Initiative, the Daimler/Chrysler
partnership, co-operative
businesses, leadership (students at
work), and the Rhodes and Unitra
partnerships.
(i) Current plans
Fort Hare had plans on some important
matters, according to Prof Swartz:
* Three-year rolling plan
* Business plan for new faculties
* Financial growth plan: five years
* Risk profile and risk management
plan
* Establishment of consulting arm
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* Major capital campaign.
(j) Achievements
There has been unprecedented
institutional stability at Fort Hare.
Their overdraft/deficit was reduced from
R90 million to R49 million in one year,
and they hope to be completely out of
the red by the end of 2004. They did it
on their own, without any help from
consultants.
For the university to be a successful
centre of academic excellence, it has to
be smaller and more focused. There has
been a major increase in student
numbers: from 2 500 in 2000 to 5 200 in
2001 - growing market confidence in the
future of Fort Hare and beginning of
investment flows.
(k) Weaknesses and threats
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The financial fundamentals are still
weak - the income side requires serious
attention. Further growth in student
numbers imposes serious budget
constraints. New faculties and
programmes require time for
consolidation and development. The
management systems and processes still
need to undergo major changes.
(l) Major challenges facing Fort Hare
* Maintaining internal support for SP
2000
* Securing financial support for SP
2000 (key role of the government,
donors and alumni)
* Policy certainty (no mixed signals
to the market)
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* Consolidation gains made since 2000
and delivering on critical reform
path.
(m) Regional collaboration, core and
strategic missions
Prof Swartz said that key challenges in
regional collaboration were stability,
strategic orientation of the sector,
viability and sustainability and meeting
policy objectives. The higher education
sector could be improved significantly -
many changes have already taken place in
respect of selecting the most
appropriate instrument to meet
particular challenges.
Higher education has two roles: a formal
educational mission and a strategic
educational mission.
* Formal educational mission
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They can produce graduate skills for
the economy and do research to
advance the frontiers of knowledge
* Strategic educational mission
This includes the direct application
of knowledge to socio-economic
development, human capital
development, technological
innovation and valorisation of the
economy
The core and strategic missions in
respect of regional collaboration
include the rationalisation of
serious duplication, the audit
process, the creation of common
support services (IT, joint
admission and on-line registration),
the sharing of costly staff and
courseware, joint enrolment and
accreditation, and inter-
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institutional capacity building
(research, management and teaching).
The strategic mission will also
include striking long-term
partnerships with the government and
industry in the province, aligning
the development strategy from sector
to human capital in the province,
directly stimulating the economic
development process via strategic
knowledge application, and accessing
untapped revenue sources.
(n) Strategic clusters
Agriculture and biotechnology; Marine
Conservation and Aquamarine Culture;
Public Service Capacity Building;
Development and Rural Management;
Education Management; and Heritage and
Cultural Tourism.
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(o) Approach of Fort Hare on issue of
"merger"
Fort Hare does not support a "merger"
vis-à-vis UNITRA/Rhodes/Fort Hare.
However, they are in favour of
structured partnerships around strategic
goals that are realistic, efficient and
effective.
Fort Hare has numerous proposals on
structured partnerships:
* To synergise core teaching and
research missions or audit
institutions in the region
* To expand the remittance of
institutional resource-sharing
* To develop a strategy linked to
regional economic development
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* To establish an inter-institutional
mechanism for ensuring commitment.
2. Fort Hare profile - official view by Prof R
Bally, University Planner
(a) Introspection and goals for new Fort
Hare
The present management of Fort Hare was
appointed early in 1999. A strategic
planning committee was formed, and
existing staff rather than consultants
were used in a participative, capacity-
building process. The ruthless
introspection culminated in the Review
Report of 1999.
Fort Hare, as one of its main goals,
aims for long-term sustainability and
viability, being a world-class
university with emphasis on leadership
training, excellence in pertinent
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teaching and research, and contributing
to national development.
The SPC implementation control centre,
co-ordinated by Dr B Walter, has six
implementation areas, each headed by a
staff member:
(b) Vision and governance - Mr J Ruthman
Academic - Mr M Silinga
Support services - Ms Y Kambule-Soul
Human resources - Mrs N Mpete
Revenue and finance - Ms Z Ndlovu
Partnerships - Mr S Kobese
Approximately four to eight faculties,
based on niche areas, were identified in
SP 2000. The new faculty management
structure is being implemented and
Executive Deans have been appointed in
the new faculties.
08 August 2002 Page 189 of 354
The new faculties represent a very
significant step in the implementation
process and the new levels of
implementation (i.e. strategic
plans/business plans are being produced
at various levels - faculty, academic
unit, institute and administrative unit
level).
(c) Academic transformation
A new programme, driven by newly
appointed Executive Deans in each
faculty in line with SAQA requirements
and SP 2000, interdisciplinary models,
academic and financial viability, market
and social needs and a viability
template were developed, ready for
application by the end of August 2001.
The new programme was completed and
submitted in terms of SAQA and CHE
requirements.
(d) University support systems
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These systems include marketing and
communication, information technology,
student support, and the quality of life
of students, library and archives,
residences, and sport and physical
planning, as well as developing the two
campuses.
(e) Projects and funding
It has been noted that much of the
transformation should come from external
funds. The SP 2000 identifies areas
where funding is needed. The funding
projects include:
Renovation: upgrading of residences,
university frontage and sports
facilities
New projects: proposed music academy and
student computer laboratories
(f) Human resources
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The entire new organisational structure
had started with the faculty structure.
There are totally new job descriptions
and reporting lines involving union and
staff negotiations and Labour Relations
Act compliance.
Fort Hare envisages improved service
provision to students and encourages
staff capacity development.
(g) Finance and revenue strategies
There is expansion and diversification
of the revenue base, with a view to:
* Increase student numbers, and
retention
* Maximisation of subsidy
* Improved availability of financial
assistance and revenue through
research and consultancy
08 August 2002 Page 192 of 354
* Fundraising
* Alumni mobilisation
* Incentive packages for payment of
fees
* Selling of excess capital stock
* Better use of under-utilised
resources.
(h) Community issues
An integrated development plan was
developed with Nkonkobe, based on the
community and Fort Hare's need to
support Alice as a university town.
There is also a research action
programme, funded from the Premier's
Office for developing community
projects.
(i) Partnerships
08 August 2002 Page 193 of 354
Fort Hare has partnerships with local
and provincial governments, NGOs and
communities to improve the quality of
rural livelihood, specifically to reduce
poverty. They have also earmarked the
business development centre as a
community-based project.
3. Fort Hare: forward to viability - official
view by Mr P Cole
(a) Context of challenges
The major challenges are seen to be the
rural setting, changing demographics and
degree selections, students mostly
coming from the low-income sector of
society, and rapid changes in respect of
student catchment areas.
(b) Rural setting - economy
As the university is located in the
former Ciskei homeland, the local
08 August 2002 Page 194 of 354
infrastructure is poor. There is a high
rate of unemployment and local costs,
and some student catchment areas
experience declines in per capita
income.
16% of the population lives in the
Eastern Cape. 77% of those employed in
the Eastern Cape earn a monthly salary
of less than R2 501 (approximately R30
000 per annum). An average income per
household per month in the Eastern Cape
is R1 479 (R17 748 per annum). Of the
total students currently registered at
Fort Hare, 4 131 come from the Eastern
Cape. The total annual cost of an
undergraduate law degree at Fort Hare is
R20 000.
(c) HIV/AIDS
There is a high percentage of HIV/AIDS
in the Eastern Cape, and life expectancy
is down to 40. This clearly means that
08 August 2002 Page 195 of 354
graduates in the province can expect a
working life of 15 to 20 years. The
epidemic impacts both on graduates and
on the university workforce.
(d) Areas of recruitment
These are: South Africa - 4 779;
Zimbabwe - 235; Lesotho - 130; other
SADC countries - 21; rest of Africa -
25; other - 11.
(e) Changes since 1999
1999: less than 1% were foreign students
and over 70% were from the "Border
Corridor". Student recruitment declined
and female student ratios were low in
some faculties.
2001: foreign students count over 9%,
and students are recruited more widely
(nationally). Student recruitment is
08 August 2002 Page 196 of 354
increasing and gender ratios are
achieving equity.
(f) Opportunities and risks
These are characterised by the funding
formula tabled by the Department of
Education in March 2001. This formula is
driven by the cost factor and uses FTE
(full-time equivalent) enrolment with a
two-year lag, as FTE is always counting
ahead. The 2001 subsidy was calculated
from 1999's enrolment figure, and the
cost-driven budget is adjusted downward.
At the time of the visit, the funding
formula for the 2001-02 subsidy was
R86,992 million. The view was that if
2001's enrolment was used, rather than
1999's, the subsidy would be R102,9
million. These are funds lost due to the
lagged formula.
08 August 2002 Page 197 of 354
Fort Hare is not satisfied about how the
funding formula is structured and
implemented.
Proposed new funding formula: this
formula will be driven by FTE enrolment,
teaching and research outputs. It is not
cost-driven - prices are set within
budget resources. It is heavily weighted
to higher degrees, not humanities.
NSFAS funding formula: the funds divided
between institutions based upon
enrolment are weighted by race. The
awards allocated to students by
institutions are based on a means test.
In Fort Hare, there are more students
and lesser funds. In 2000, the smallest
average award was R3 757 - 55% of the
average size for universities and 1,5%
of all NSFAS funds.
There is a need for equity in respect of
the NSFAS funding formula. NSFAS funds
08 August 2002 Page 198 of 354
to Fort Hare have been and will be
allocated as follows: 1999 - R7,91
million; 2000 - R7,2 million; 2001 -
R7,9 million; 2002 - R10,12 million;
2003 - R13,7 million.
The main problem with the NSFAS is that
it is very tough on students, many being
turned away. There is an upfront payment
of R1 500 for all students, and the
student joins the system based on the
arrangement with the NSFAS.
Fort Hare needs extra support from the
government, as it is financially viable.
(g) Student enrolment and staff
1997 - 4 591; 1998 - 4 068; 1999- 3 903;
2000 - 4 459; 2001 - 5 190.
Postgraduates comprise 9% of the student
population (450), and include Honours
students, 20 PhDs and 120 Masters
students.
08 August 2002 Page 199 of 354
There is an increase in postgraduates at
Fort Hare, and there is a need for
bigger institutions in the country.
Student ethnicity: African - 5 158;
White - 23; Coloured - 19; Indian – 1
Student gender: females - 62%; males -
38%; B Prim Ed (mostly female) - 1 200.
Academic staff equity: Black - 55% (non-
academic staff mostly black); White -
45%.
Women remain under-represented at senior
level, both in the academic and non-
academic sectors.
(h) Personnel
The salary bill was drastically reduced
over the previous two years. They have
limited salary increases until 2003,
with low average salary increases and
rates in recent years. Fort Hare needs
08 August 2002 Page 200 of 354
to attract and retain key academics with
competitive salaries.
(i) Student debt
Students drop out for financial reasons.
Fort Hare envisages a need for reform of
NSFAS allocations. Although it is
difficult to collect debt from students
who have left the university, they have
done major work on student debts. They
targeted an increase in debt collection
from registered students: 50% in 2001 to
70% in 2002 and 2003.
(j) Strategies - Fort Hare Viability
Strategies on Fort Hare Viability aim
to:
* Accommodate the recent increases in
enrolment in the existing formula
* Phase in the new formula
08 August 2002 Page 201 of 354
* Attain equitable NSFAS funding
* Continue control of personnel costs
and student debt management
* Seize opportunities for additional
income
* Manage improved performance and set
targets for own income.
(k) Research and development
Research activity on masters and
doctorate graduates, publications,
patents, reports and artifacts was slow
at the time of the visit. Postgraduate
studies was being restructured, and the
research and development function was
centralised in the Govan Mbeki Research
and Development Centre.
Areas of research excellence included
Agriculture (several nodes), Chemistry,
08 August 2002 Page 202 of 354
Life Sciences (several nodes),
Psychology, Languages, Theology and Law.
4. Residences and refurbishment of hostels -
official view by Ms L T Ngalo-Morrison, Dean
of Students
They have started renovations in an attempt
to improve residences, as hostels must be
conducive for learning. Students work on the
hostel refurbishment project, for which R800
000 had been budgeted. Students took it upon
themselves to repair and clean dilapidated
hostels.
Six student residences which had to be
closed down, have been reopened and
renovated to meet booming student
accommodation needs. They need to raise
funds from donors to refurbish buildings.
5. Alumni - official view by Mr L Jacobs
08 August 2002 Page 203 of 354
For the past three years, alumni stood
central to transformation work. Mr L Jacobs
had visited North America, Gauteng, Cape
Town and interim structures to provide
information on a continuous basis.
6. Visit to archives - official view by Mr M
Synders
(a) Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College:
(SOMAFCO)
This school, opened in Tanzania in 1972,
aimed to train young, black men and
women to be the leaders, teachers and
professionals of the new South Africa,
after the end of apartheid. The main
subjects during that time were politics,
drama and art. When the school was
closed in 1992, the ANC entrusted Fort
Hare with caring for its archives. Along
with papers from its missions around the
world came a collection of papers,
08 August 2002 Page 204 of 354
artefacts and student works from
SOMAFCO.
The Hon G A M Mbeki donated his guitar
from Robben Island.
Documents, like SOMAFCO papers, audio-
visual material, federal seminary
archives (the school closed in 1974) and
university documents of the 1980s, are
kept in a locked office.
(b) Meeting with institutional forum
The dlegation was welcomed by Mr Kobese,
Community Partnership Co-ordinator. The
institutional forum consists of
political structures and stakeholders,
like the SRC, student organisations,
labour structures, members of academic
structures, members of the Council,
members of Nkonkobe municipality,
members of Buffalo City, and members of
08 August 2002 Page 205 of 354
management. It is viewed as Fort Hare's
parliament.
Prof Mayatula gave a brief overview of
the key functions of the Committee and
the objectives of the visit.
(c) Challenges of national plan "to merge or
not to merge" - official view by Mr A
Gwabeni
The CHE report suggests a combination of
some institutions; a combination of Fort
Hare and Rhodes University was
specifically mentioned.
The national working committee, led by
Mr S Macozama, visited Fort Hare prior
our visit to advise the Minister of
Education on how to minimise the number
of tertiary institutions.
A merger, according to Fort Hare, is a
strategic and internally generated
08 August 2002 Page 206 of 354
decision taken by organisations, not a
superimposed solution. It is dependent
on the sharing of a common vision.
Regarding their experience in South
African institutions, the Silo mentality
requires institutions to collaborate -
with uneven distribution of resources,
the funding formula must prioritise
redress; sharing resources through the
funding formula should be encouraged;
and with artificial competition,
institutions must focus on specific
niche areas.
(d) Fort Hare views to merger
The institution is opposed to a merger,
and feels that mergers must be decisions
of individual institutions. Incremental
and organic evolution of mergers are
preconditions for success in the public
sector. There is a strong view that
collaboration is the short- to the
08 August 2002 Page 207 of 354
medium-term solution, and there have
been discussions with UNITRA, Rhodes and
other institutions outside the Eastern
Cape on concrete programmes for
collaboration.
(e) Current and future areas of
collaboration
Current programmes include library
services, an IT infrastructure and
health programmes, while future areas
include a central admission office,
course development, quality assurance
and presentation of courses.
(f) Why opposed to merger?
* Fort Hare transformation project:
The good work done may be undone,
and its vision (which includes
multiculturalism, new values
concommittant with the new society
they are building and nation
08 August 2002 Page 208 of 354
building, which addresses socio-
economic development and racial and
gender equity) may be clouded
* Micro-economics of project: There is
a possibility of the system
imploding as a result of too much
being loaded on it (a question of
its ability to absorb new
challenges)
* Economic implications of merger: It
may cost more to set up and maintain
the administrative systems, and
there will be implications for local
economies, which will have a direct
impact on the shifting of the
administration.
Fort Hare sees the higher education
system in South Africa and in the
Eastern Cape evolving organically on an
incremental basis, with full support
from the government, and collaboration
08 August 2002 Page 209 of 354
as the short-term solution. A clear
regulatory system must help align
institutions to national priorities.
7. Student funding - official view by Mr L O
Mabuyane, SRC president
Mr Mabuyane saw no need to compare Fort
Hare's political context in respect of
student funding with institutions that have
been advantaged historically, like UCT and
WITS.
The maximum number of 411 students for
tuition (i.e. R4 120 per student) is seen as
a serious threat, and the funding formula is
also a problem at Fort Hare. Many
matriculants with exemption who reside in
the rural areas are sitting at home without
any form of assistance because their parents
are uneducated and unemployed and cannot
provide any form of financial assistance for
their children to further their education at
08 August 2002 Page 210 of 354
tertiary level. R29 million is expected from
the NSFAS.
Student quality of life also needs to be
taken on board; it must be checked whether
residences are user-friendly to all
students.
The government and the NSFAS need to re-
examine the funding formula to provide
financial assistance for needy students.
Fort Hare needs to attract academic staff.
The more students on campus, the more
funding the institution receives from the
NSFAS.
Student debt
The SRC played a major role in convincing
and encouraging those who were able to pay
their fees, to do so. This made the SRC
unpopular on campus. Student debt results
from two main reasons:
08 August 2002 Page 211 of 354
* Dropouts are unable to pay the
university, as most of them are
unemployed
* No certificate is issued if outstanding
fees are not paid in full, and students
leave the system.
In this respect, the NSFAS has its own way
of tracing persons.
8. Conditions of employment - official view by
Mr N R Mboniswa
There was a very intensive bargaining
process between Fort Hare and stakeholders.
They compared salaries of academic and non-
academic staff with those of UPE, UniVenda
and UWC, and it appeared that their salaries
were competitive in neither the labour
market nor compared with other institutions
of higher learning. The salary of the Vice-
Chancellor is equivalent to that of a Dean
at UPE. The implication of this was that the
08 August 2002 Page 212 of 354
economy of Nkonkombe would be affected,
should people leave the area.
Staff turnover
Reasons for staff turnover:
* Most staff were deployed by the
government
* Fort Hare was unable to retain staff
* Salaries were not competitive.
E. University of Transkei - 7 August 2001
On arrival, the delegation was warmly welcomed
by Prof N Morgan (the Administrator) and his
management. The University of Transkei was
established in 1975, and the medical school
started in 1986.
The Minister had visited the institution five
weeks before the delegation's visit. The nursery
08 August 2002 Page 213 of 354
school and in-service centre were destroyed by a
tornado. Due to financial constraints they were
never repaired and were collapsing. Renovations
will start with residences, which would cost
R1,5 million.
1. Medical School
In 2001, there were 74 registered students
at the medical school, and they were
expecting an increase to 95 in 2002. The
medical faculty had 749 medical students, of
whom 34 were postgraduates. These figures
formed the anchor of the university. They
had also checked on which units were not
viable, not giving a unit a chance to use
the surplus of another unit.
Biochemistry laboratory: The building is a
pre-fabricated structure consisting of two
big rooms, used both as biochemistry and
physiology laboratories. Due to insufficient
space, students are divided into groups for
lecture sessions, attending on different
08 August 2002 Page 214 of 354
times each day. During examination times,
both rooms are converted into examination
rooms.
It only accommodates 10 students. Some
students are from the Technikons, doing in-
service training for six months.
There is no air conditioning in the
laboratory, and there is always an
unbearable smell. The Head of Anatomy, Prof
N Baguma, appealed to the government to
provide the institution with facilities to
produce the best doctors in the country.
Despite the conditions, the lecturers want
to produce good quality doctors.
2. Science Faculty - official view by Mr B R
Madikizela
The delegation visited the cold room, which
had a fresh-water laboratory. Mr B R
Madikizela, a P.HD student, worked on the
water research commission project, doing
08 August 2002 Page 215 of 354
water quality and faunal studies in the
Umzimvubu catchment, with particular
emphasis on species as indicators of
environmental change. It was part of his Ph
D. They produced the report for the water
commission, indicating their observations.
The primary aim of the project was to
establish a water quality database and an
inventory of aquatic fauna in the Umzimvubu
and its main tributaries. A secondary aim
was identification of species sensitive to
environmental threats which might be used as
future indicators of environmental change.
(This report is available on request from
the Committee Secretary, Ms N C Manjezi.)
3. Zoology Museum
This museum was established in 1998. The
high schools in the area visit it regularly
and familiarise themselves with certain
species. In the Botany Department, they have
collected 4 000 indigenous plants.
08 August 2002 Page 216 of 354
4. African Archive
This Department has a wide range of South
African indigenous and popular music. The
equipment and about 30 000 records were
donated to the Department. The video
machine, television and computers were
donated by the University of Maiz in
Germany.
5. Unitra Sasol Library
This R3 million project was donated by
Sasol, built in 1997, officially opened on
18 May 2000. It operates 24 hours a day. It
houses literature for five faculties. There
is an on-line digital catalogue, seminar and
video conferencing, and students can access
literature anytime. The former President, Dr
R N Mandela, has his own reading room, which
he uses when he visits the university.
6. Meeting with Administrator, Management,
Deans, Representatives from labour
08 August 2002 Page 217 of 354
structures and SRC - official view by Prof N
Morgan, Administrator
(a) Vision
UNITRA aimed to be a leading university
in Africa, focusing on innovative
programmes addressing rural development
needs.
(b) Mission
UNITRA is committed to excellence by
offering relevant and effective
teaching, research and community
outreach programmes with specific
emphasis on the promotion of sustainable
rural development, while providing
service to its clientele through optimal
resource utilisation.
(c) Location
08 August 2002 Page 218 of 354
It is located in the poorest and most
densely populated region of the Kei,
Wild Coast and Drakensberg areas. The
Eastern Cape has a rural population of
six million people, and 65% live in
rural areas. The rural Kei and Wild
Coast districts have a population of
three million, half the population of
the province. 54% are females, and 60%
of the rural people are female. In rural
communities, youths make up to 60% of
the population.
UNITRA is thus in a poverty-stricken
area, households having an income of
less than R352,52 per month. The rural
catchment area of UNITRA has inadequate
access to social and economic
infrastructure and services: only 24%
have running water; only 31% have flush
toilets; 31% do not have electricity; 4%
have access to telecommunications; there
are 0,3 medical officials per 1 000,
compared to the national figure of 6%;
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educational levels are the lowest in the
whole of South Africa.
7. Institution indicators for financial
sustainability
Future financial sustainability depends on
State funding, diverse income streams
(including consultancy and contract
research), adequacy of student financial
aid, based on NSFAS criteria, the ability to
collect fees, and the ability to adjust
budgets.
(a) Key issues and challenges faced by
UNITRA
* Reducing fixed costs
* Ensuring full cost recovery
* Introducing financial discipline
through devolved budgeting
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* Fee strategies and collection.
In 1999, the university had a R100
million overdraft until March 2000. They
received a subsidy of R104 million,
which was regarded as insufficient.
(b) Some realities
There are limited funds from the
Treasury. Restructuring will have to be
deliberately engineered and managed if
success is to be achieved. The notion of
reducing the number of institutions does
not mean reducing access to higher
education. The sensibility of each
arrangement must be determined on how it
responds to the goals of the National
Plan for Higher Education. Comprehensive
technical intelligence about every
regional site is a pre-requisite for the
project to succeed.
08 August 2002 Page 221 of 354
Prof Morgan met with the Minister of
Education on 4 June 2001, and the budget
issue was discussed. Due to budget
constraints, academic staff and 282
workers were retrenched. The Department
of Labour was contacted for the social
plan, especially for those students who
were registered at the university.
UNITRA also made a commitment to re-
employ the workers who were retrenched.
(c) NSFAS funding
The university is underfunded by NSFAS.
As a result, they intend to request a
supplementary amount. The affordability
in respect of the region is different
from that of any other region. Applying
the criteria for those who have applied,
would require R24 million.
As a huge amount of R39 million is still
owed by students, the SRC also assists
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with the collection of fees by
broadcasting on UNITRA community radio.
(d) Viability in finances
The working committee needs to be
assisted with technical expertise and
quality technical information. The
health centre needs to realise its
current status in terms of viability.
Viability assessments were to be
completed by the end of August 2001.
Various departments could be closed and
some could be strenghtened. The view is
that if some departments are to be
closed, there should be other forms of
restructuring, and students can be
transferred to other universities to
complete their studies.
8. Faculty of Health Sciences - official view
by Prof E L Mazwai
08 August 2002 Page 223 of 354
This faculty has 749 students in the School
of Medicine, the School of Nursing and the
School of Allied Health Professions.
Teaching takes place at three campuses in
Umtata, East London and Port Elizabeth,
which form part of the Academic Health
Service of the Eastern Cape. In 14 years,
UNITRA has graduated more than 200 medical
doctors of a quality equal to, if not better
than, many medical schools in the country.
(a) Teaching
Their strength has been their teaching
philosophy, being problem-based learning
and community-based education. This is
now world-recognised - the faculty is a
WHO collaborating centre. Students are
exposed to community issues early in
training (first year), including
indigenous knowledge systems, such as
traditional healers. In addition to the
teaching standard, they have developed a
computer-based teaching laboratory, a
08 August 2002 Page 224 of 354
telemedicine unit and a professional
skills laboratory to improve quality of
teaching and graduates' competencies.
(b) Service
By its very nature, community-based
education and training are decentralised
from tertiary through to secondary and
primary health care centres, and with
teaching comes service. The teaching
hospital in Umtata serves a population
of 2,9 million, with more than 100
specialists. They have also initiated a
postgraduate programme and training
specialists in eight medical fields -
they are trained at centres in Port
Elizabeth, East London and Umtata.
Medical registrars also improve the
quality of care given to patients.
UNITRA and UCT have an agreement on
training registered students in medicine
and postgraduate courses.
08 August 2002 Page 225 of 354
(c) Research
As most tertiary institutions are judged
on the basis of research output and
publications, the faculty has had a
limited output in this area. This has
been mostly due to developmental and
infrastructure restrictions in terms of
laboratory and equipment. However, they
do have an MRC unit (on carcinoma of
oesophogus, with research in molecular
biology). The university collaborates
with the Department of Health and
overseas universities on HIV/AIDS
research. Most of the research is
community-based and service-oriented.
(d) Infrastructure
The university plan was to increase the
number of medical students from 90 to
120 per class over the following three
years, and they wanted to add six Allied
Health Professions - Occupational
08 August 2002 Page 226 of 354
Therapy, Physiotheraphy, Speech and
Hearing Therapy, Nutrition and
Dietetics, Radiotherapy and Medical
Technology. They have plans and the
potential to increase the number and mix
of health sciences they train, but the
major constraint is infrastructure,
which needs financial input. Discussions
with the Department of Education on a
new medical campus adjacent to the
hospital at a cost of R120 million have
been put on hold to see what facilities
could be developed on the existing
campus at a reduced cost. As a matter of
urgency, the development of the in-
service training centre for laboratories
for students and research, and also
teaching, would be the most appropriate.
UNITRA was able to achieve with very
limited funding because of chronic
under-funding nationally.
In the last four years, conditional
grants from the Provincial
08 August 2002 Page 227 of 354
Administration have helped to alleviate
the situation. There has never been any
major injection of capital for
infrastructural development, either at
inception of the medical school in 1986
or after the new democracy in 1994.
There are infrastructure issues that
have not been attended to, and a merger
will bring additional costs in the short
term. Money needs to be injected for
infrastructure. Staff never received
increments, now they have become
demotivated.
(e) Academic restructuring
All the programmes are complying with
the mission. They revisited it in 1999
and in 2000, but there were no
substantive shift. As UNITRA is the
largest single employer in the region,
they have spent R160 million per annum.
08 August 2002 Page 228 of 354
(f) Student enrolment
The student numbers in 2001 have grown
to 4 500, compared to 3 800 in 2000.
(g) Governance
There is no council at UNITRA. There is
an administrator who is in support of
the management team of the university.
There is a need to appoint a new Vice-
Chancellor and a new council.
Due to the turmoil in 1999, the council
resigned. Meetings were held with
community and parents to inform them of
ongoing progress. The Department of
Education did not have any faith in the
university and nothing happened to
establish the council.
By the end of August, they were to start
the process to establish a governance
council. Prof Morgan informed the
08 August 2002 Page 229 of 354
delegation that the Auditor-General's
report and other reports formed the
basis of the issue to be attended to on
two levels:
* An intention to provide residence
for students and lecture halls - a
decision was taken to build the
structures, as this money was not
taken from the operational budget
* Internal controls - new policies to
exercise discipline.
(h) Hospital
A positive development is the
commissioning of the new Nelson Mandela
Academic Hospital. It has 480 beds at a
cost of R350 million. It will attract
specialists to the area, especially
South Africans, to teach and offer
specialised services. There is hope to
establish new specialities such as
08 August 2002 Page 230 of 354
cardiology and cardiac surgery, radio
physics and radiotherapy, vascular
surgery and renal transplantation.
There was great concern that what they
have achieved so far, has been done at
great sacrifice in human cost, with no
improvement in salaries or promotions
for the last four years. If they are to
prevent diminishing morale and retain
staff against competition from outside
institutions, capital injection is
absolutely urgent. This way they feel
that they can reverse the downward
spiral, stabilise the Faculty, attract
more specialists for specialised
services, and improve on research and
publications. With the increase in the
medical student class and addition of
the six departments in the School of
Allied Health Professions, they have a
capacity for 1 000 students over the
next three years. All this can be done
at a very modest cost, which the
08 August 2002 Page 231 of 354
university management is currently
formulating and calculating.
The delegation visited the massive site
to see the new academic hospital, still
under construction. This training
hospital is built by the Department of
Health (50% national and 50%
provincial), and is expected to be
completed by the end of March 2002. The
estimated budget to run the hospital is
R196 million per annum.
(i) Merger
The merger in a classic sense purposely
targets areas of synergistic benefits -
people seek deliberate benefits and
synergies and manage these to new
organisations. In respect of certain
private companies, this was a failure.
In creating a merger, according to Prof
Morgan, the institution needs to address
08 August 2002 Page 232 of 354
the issues with Rhodes, as they have a
governance council.
* Negative aspects
Other areas of excellence, apart
from medical science, which, because
of the financial turmoil, have been
neglected. Staff members had been
abused for the previous five years
in respect of promotion, increments
and the taking away of other
benefits. Everything the university
is busy doing in this respect, will
disappear if there is a merger.
* Businesses supporting UNITRA or
other sources to improve finances
They had established links with the
business community and received huge
support from the community. There
were ongoing meetings with business
to address the finance issue.
08 August 2002 Page 233 of 354
Some historically disadvantaged
institutions helped to improve the
financial position. There was a need
to equalise funding in order to
address the gap between Gauteng, the
Western Cape and their region.
(j) Payment of fees
Discussions were held with the student
leadership about the commitment of
students to pay fees. This was broadcast
on the community radio, and there was a
good response. Decisions were taken by
parents and students to make
arrangements to pay outstanding fees,
but some did not honour this commitment.
(k) Retrenchments
These came about because of a shortfall
in respect of the pension fund. The
university made specific arrangements to
develop retrenched staff and reskill
08 August 2002 Page 234 of 354
them for new jobs. They also committed
to the social plan those who wanted to
study at the university.
(l) Issue of redress
They cannot tackle the issue of redress
if there are institutional, financial
and regional problems. This needs
serious attention.
(m) Management of institution
There are few fundamentals and policies
in respect of running the system. There
is a need for strengthening middle
management, training and capacity
development of staff. Human resource and
technical issues need attention.
Although there is no council, they have
an audit committee performing that
managerial function.
08 August 2002 Page 235 of 354
Rev E Guwa had a very strong view of not
closing historically disadvantaged
universities down, as he was a product
of those universities.
(o) Institutional forum
This forum was set up according to the
statutory requirements, and was composed
of all internal structures of student
associations, labour and community
structures.
(p) NEHAWU input
NEHAWU endorsed what Prof Morgan had
said, and expressed disapproval on
certain issues:
* Transformation was viewed as a most
painful and difficult process.
NEHAWU was not against retrenchment
with benefits, but in support of
08 August 2002 Page 236 of 354
change. There were structures in
place to address those problems
* They viewed the sustainability and
viability of the institution as very
important.
(q) SRC input
The extent of the problems mentioned
impacted very negatively on students.
The SRC have made efforts to persuade
students to pay their fees. The gravity
of the problem has caused them to make
history - it was indeed unusual to find
a situation whereby the management and
the students agreed that the latter
would pay 50% of their debt before the
beginning of the new term. This has
shown the level of maturity of the SRC
in understanding the dynamics of co-
operative governance, particularly in
regard to pulling the institution out of
its financial mess.
08 August 2002 Page 237 of 354
They were against closure of the
university, and moreover, not in support
of a merger - it was not deemed as
beneficial to the institution.
They also asked the NSFAS to increase
the grant because most people in the
area were unemployed and there was no
industry to support the institution
financially.
The SRC's view was that a merger would
adversely affect those from historically
disadvantaged areas.
F. University of Natal - 8 August 2001
The Vice-Chancellor, Prof B M Gourley, warmly
welcomed the delegation at the Pietermaritzburg
campus.
1. Overview - Prof B M Gourley
08 August 2002 Page 238 of 354
The University of Natal, located in KwaZulu-
Natal and established in 1910, has an
enrolment of 22 000 students, of whom over
15 000 are undergraduates. As such, it is
the second largest residential university in
South Africa. It comprises two centres, one
in Durban on the coast and the other in the
provincial capital, Pietermaritzburg, some
80 km inland.
The Nelson Mandela School of Medicine is
part of the university, and is located on
the Durban campus. In total, there are four
campuses - Durban, Pietermaritzburg, Medical
and Edgewood.
During the 1990s most students were white -
approximately 13 500. Now almost 76% are
black students.
It is one of the top-rated universities in
South Africa in terms of research output and
independent ratings by the National Research
Foundation, and has formal links with some
08 August 2002 Page 239 of 354
240 leading universities in the USA, Europe
and the Far East. It is known as a centre of
excellence in Africa and is doing
significant research into HIV/AIDS.
Many international students are studying
here.
The governing structures are in hands of the
academics on the Durban campus.
In the early 1990s the Durban campus alone
housed 84 different NGOs, most of them
refugees from the apartheid regime. Their
presence on the campus profoundly affected
the nature of the university and the
conversation about its role in South Africa
at this point in its history. Students were
involved in working with the NGOs.
(a) Vision
The university's strategy is one of
Quality with Equity. It dedicates its
08 August 2002 Page 240 of 354
excellence in teaching, research and
development to progress through
reconstruction. It serves South Africa,
and KwaZulu-Natal in particular, by
delivering quality teaching, which
enables students from all backgrounds to
realise their academic potential and to
obtain degrees of an international
standard.
It undertakes quality research up to
national and international standards,
and provides development services which
meet community needs.
It is a socially responsive
organisation. At the time of the visit
they were condusting an HIV research
project (160 different projects), and
many are placed in the networking
centre.
KwaZulu-Natal has 80 000 teachers, of
whom 30% are HIV-positive. They really
08 August 2002 Page 241 of 354
need to launch a substantive campaign to
attend to this issue.
(b) Mission
They strive to serve all sections of the
community through excellence in
scholarship, teaching, learning,
research and development.
(c) Student numbers and composition
The size of the university has changed
substantially over the last 10 years.
There has been planned growth in the
face of virtually no State support in
respect of infrastructure. It has been
made possible by making provision for
loan funding for students with the
potential to succeed but not the money
to afford the fees.
(d) Research profile
08 August 2002 Page 242 of 354
The profile has changed over the years,
as an entirely different set of policies
came into effect to support new
directions. These policies were designed
to encourage not only a more
entrepreneurial approach to research but
also a more nuanced approach. They
emphasise potential links between
research and development and aim to find
ways in which the research agenda could
be influenced by development issues that
are fed by the research agenda.
Initiatives that support the goals of
regional and national agendas are
actively encouraged. HIV/AIDS is a good
example.
There is huge capacity for research and
postgraduate studies in the region, and
the percentage of undergraduate studies
has increased. Most students are in the
open learning mode on the
Pietermaritzburg campus.
08 August 2002 Page 243 of 354
(e) Staff profile
The staff profile has not been changed
as much as one would have liked. Both
availability of staff and labour law
considerations impact on this. Equity
plans are in place.
(f) Race in 1990 and in 2000
There have been enormous disparities in
respect of gender and race.
1990 - 54% White; 30% African; 3%
Coloured; 13% Indian
2000 - 49% White; 25% African; 4%
Coloured; 22% Indian
(g) Gender in 1990 and in 2000
1990 - 34% female and 66% male
2000 - 44% female and 56% male
08 August 2002 Page 244 of 354
A higher percentage of female students
registered between 1990 and 2000 than
males. An age/race profile of students
in 2000 showed that undergraduate
Coloureds, Indians and whites were
younger than blacks.
Registration by area or specialisation -
many study business and commerce. By
2001 the number of students pursuing a
career in humanities had increased; the
number in science and technology grew by
10%.
The university also encourages foreign
students to enrol in order to improve
the standard of education. It is
important for the educational learning
experience to have international
students on campus.
(h) Distance education
08 August 2002 Page 245 of 354
They want to retain and control quality
distance education. At present, there
are between 4 000 and 5 000 involved in
distance learning, of whom 2 500 are
Africans.
(i) Merging
The university is opposed to a merger.
They strongly believe they need to
equalise the conditions of service and
grant generous retrenchment packages,
should there be a merger with Durban-
Westville. As the two institutions have
different scales, a merger will be
disruptive to their administrative way
of doing things, as they will have more
students.
The university does not want to put
donor and research funding at risk which
it receives from the international
community. The entire process has to
08 August 2002 Page 246 of 354
focus on producing a better higher
education system.
2. Transformation process - official view by
Prof E A Ngara, Deputy Vice-Chancellor,
Students and Transformation
Prof Ngara played an advocacy role and
sought to promote transformation in areas
where they seemed slow to achieve the
desired objective in respect of certain
aspects of development. He had attended
conferences and seminars where the view was
expressed that the last group of
universities to be transformed would be
those that called themselves "liberal
universities".
What is transformation?
The White Paper on Higher Education outlined
the framework for change, making it clear
that the higher education system had to be
planned, governed and funded as a single co-
08 August 2002 Page 247 of 354
ordinated national system. It identified the
areas in which transformation should take
place and outlined the principles that
should guide the process of transformation,
but stopped short of defining the concept.
It referred to a complete and fundamental
change for the better, and suggested that
transformation had to entail change from
what was the norm to a new norm, from a
culture and set of values and practices that
prevailed in the past to a new culture and
set of values and practices.
He identified four principal domains in
which transformation should take place:
(a) Governance - it referred to the
development of a more democratic system
of power relations between the various
sectors of the institution by, for
instance, seeing to it that fundamental
changes occur to ensure adherence to the
principles of democratic governance,
08 August 2002 Page 248 of 354
accountability, transparency and
inclusiveness in decision-making. This
was underpinned by compliance with the
requirements of the Higher Education
Act, the Employment Equity Act and other
relevant legislation and policy
documents.
(b) Demographics and equity - it referred to
changes taking place in an institution
to reflect the demography of the nation
and the region. Enrolment figures and
staff statistics should change to ensure
diversity, race and gender equity, as
well as representation of people with
disability.
(c) Institutional/organisational culture -
it referred to the degree of
transparency and openness in the
communication system and decision-making
processes of the institution, the extent
to which linguistic and cultural
diversity was recognised, accepted and
08 August 2002 Page 249 of 354
celebrated, the degree of sensitivity to
diversity issues (i.e race, gender,
sexual orientation and disability) and
the extent to which there was a culture
of debate and democratic disputation, as
opposed to violent demonstration by
students and decrees by authorities.
(d) The core functions domain - it referred
to fundamental changes made in teaching,
research, the community and national
service to facilitate national,
economic, social and political
transformation, the key elements being
curriculum, quality and growth, student
development, knowledge production and
responsiveness to national and community
needs.
Transformation in respect of all these
domains should be relatively easily
achievable in organisations with a tradition
of openness in their decision-making
processes.
08 August 2002 Page 250 of 354
Prof Ngara further mentioned that while the
university was normally classified as a
historically white university, the Faculty
of Medicine was historically black; it was
the only medical faculty in a long time that
was training African, Indian and Coloured
doctors, before MEDUNSA was established.
Student numbers broadly represented the
demographics of KwaZulu-Natal. These
numbers, as at 24 July 2001, read as
follows:
Race.................Number
.....................Percentage
African..............10 620........ 44,81%
Indian............... 7 404........ 31,24%
White................ 4 995........ 21,07%
Coloured............. 665........ 2,76%
Other................ 25........ 0,10%
...................................-------
Total................23 700........ 99,80%
...................................-------
08 August 2002 Page 251 of 354
The university was not doing well in respect
of the racial composition of staff. However,
a few years ago a programme funded by the
Mellon Foundation was put in place to help
promising academics from previously
disadvantaged backgrounds to acquire
postgraduate degrees to render them suitable
for appointment to academic positions. Not
all management members believed that this
programme would help them move fast enough
to accelerate the appointment of blacks,
especially Africans, to the academic staff.
They produced a document which they believed
could help accelerate the process - it was
still to be considered by the verious
structures.
3. Curriculum development and access programmes
- official view by Prof A C Bawa, Deputy
Vice-Chancellor: Academics
Curriculum development is a defining
characteristic of the university. It has
constantly been supported through strategic
08 August 2002 Page 252 of 354
investment of resources, the highest level
of innovation in curriculum development and
through teaching and learning. Every year,
they make three Distinguished Teacher
Awards, which celebrate its excellence.
Curriculum development is at the heart of
the education process in that it is
centrally linked to developing good citizens
of a democratic South Africa. It is
therefore critical that students have a
sense of their role in the reconstruction
and development of the nation and possess
the skills and framework to lead ethical
lives as they embark on careers requiring
leadership and entrepreneurship.
The Strategic Initiatives Document states
that student should not leave the University
without a keen appreciation of:
* The values and concerns of the different
communities in which they will be living
and working
08 August 2002 Page 253 of 354
* Where they are in history and what
responsibilities and leadership roles
they may be expected to fulfil
* The ethics of their particular chosen
careers and of making choices at this
moment in history.
To facilitate this, they have created an
Ethics Centre, a Leadership Centre and a
Centre for Entrepreneurship. They have also
established a significantly large Service
Learning Project, which allows students to
spend part of their study time working in
communities and reflecting on that work.
About 20% of the students have some form of
exposure to service learning.
The university has committed itself to
developing a set of core basic competencies
in every student - these are taught through
a set of core foundational modules.
08 August 2002 Page 254 of 354
The curriculum development process is
strongly influenced by the need for multi-
discipline, which is evident in
undergraduate programmes. They have led the
way in this regard in South Africa.
They have also established a Centre for
Information Technology in Higher Education,
which facilitates the optimisation of the
role of IT in learning and teaching. They
are ensuring that they have sufficient
computers on an outstanding network to
facilitate the development of a new learning
paradigm, which involves the use of
constructivism as a philosophy of learning.
The university has serious concerns about
the impact of traditional learning paradigms
on the underdevelopment of the "right
brain", and has a large project under way to
ensure more holistic left brain/right brain
learning.
Access programmes
08 August 2002 Page 255 of 354
They have three kinds of access programmes:
* Students with matriculation exemption
but without a sufficiently satisfactory
pass for admission to degree programmes
- they would wish to study science,
engineering or medicine but do not have
satisfactory passes in Mathematics and
Science.
* Students with a senior certificate but
without matriculation exemption and who
show potential to succeed in higher
education - they would generally be
placed in one-year foundation or access
programmes which would lead to access to
degree programmes.
* Adult learners without senior
certificates - they have not had the
opportunity to complete their schooling
but demonstrate a satisfactory level of
numeracy and literacy.
08 August 2002 Page 256 of 354
The university also offers a number of
undergraduate and graduate programmes in a
mixed-mode format for working people.
In 2001 there were about 500 new students in
access programmes in respect of science and
engineering, 200 in humanities and social
sciences, 500 in management sciences, 150
adult learners in open learning programmes
and 5 000 workers in programmes designed for
them.
4. Integrated student body - official view by
Mr T Wills, Dean of Students, and Dr D
Rajab, Dean of Social Development
The students fully embrace integration. 18%
of them are married. The SRC is present at
all levels of student governance - about 10
to 12 students for 10 000 students (they
need to review this).
The institution has also been seen to
encourage integration in sport. There is a
08 August 2002 Page 257 of 354
wide range of sports, and students adhere to
the sports policy.
They opened their residences in 1984; house
committees see to the welfare of students.
25% to 30% live in residences, which were
full at the time of the visit. Many come
from metropolitan areas. There is no gender
segregation.
The number of white students declined
because mostly blacks live in the
residences. The whites left because they
felt uncomfortable staying with black
students and could not afford the
residential costs, which were expensive.
Some black students who could not afford the
costs, moved to cheaper places.
(a) Student Development
Student Development is located in the
Division of Student Services, and is
responsible for the conceptualisation,
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implementation and quality assurance of
all student development programmes
offered by the division. These include
Student Counselling and Careers, Campus
Health Clinics, Residences, Student
Leadership Development, Sport,
Administration, Student Governance,
Clubs and Societies, Student Academics
Affairs and Financial Aid. They put in a
huge effort to support students.
Student Development aims to address
development needs of all students at the
university through professional services
of the division. This involves an
analysis of the special need of students
within the context of higher learning.
It calls for strategic planning and
implementation of systems that support
developmental growth of all students in
a dynamic and changing context.
08 August 2002 Page 259 of 354
The task of student service providers in
the various sections is to set up
structures that will provide
opportunities for life skills learning
in curricular and co-curricular
activities.
(b) Student Development Plan - rationale
The rationale for the development of a
strategic plan arose from the following
realities:
* The university has a duty to address
national needs. South Africa
requires well-trained professionals
who are well-rounded, critical and
independent thinkers.
* The job market is competitive and
demands excellent graduates with
strong interpersonal and leadership
skills and high levels of
08 August 2002 Page 260 of 354
accountability, integrity and
commitment to industry.
* It is a world-class institution with
its reputation at stake when it
comes to production of its
graduates. Universities are also
under pressure to maintain a
competitive edge over other
institutions.
* The imperative to address the
diverse needs of students warrants a
repositioning of student development
initiatives from periphery to
mainstream.
* The HIV/AIDS pandemic has widespread
implications for student intakes,
financial aid, health and support
services, and training and
counselling.
(c) Guiding principles
08 August 2002 Page 261 of 354
To address the developmental needs of a
diverse and dynamic student population,
the plan will encompass the following
guiding principles:
* The holistic development of students
involves a partnership with all
sectors of the university community.
This includes Academics, student
affairs professionals, students and
the general community.
* The application of a multi-pronged,
multi-disciplinary and multi-
cultural perspective in the
development of all programmes to
address the needs of a diverse and
dynamic student population.
* The introduction of systemic
interventions encompassing
institutional changes to facilitate
the development of a new type of
08 August 2002 Page 262 of 354
graduate in keeping with the
changing demand of society.
* Quality with Equity. Effective
utilisation of resources and the
provision of support to enable
learners from educationally
disadvantaged backgrounds to
succeed.
The Office of the Dean of Student
Development is offering a new 10-week
winter semester certificate course in
collaboration with other academics and
administrative departments on the Durban
and Pietermaritzburg campuses for
student services staff and graduate
students who may wish to pursue a career
path in student services. They have
already trained 39 students in these
courses.
5. Financial support - official view by Rev J
Ngomane, Director: Financial Aid Service
08 August 2002 Page 263 of 354
The establishment of the NSFAS by the new
democratic government is one of the most
important initiatives that underpin the
transformation of educational access in
South Africa.
The stability the scheme has brought to
campuses nationwide has been evidenced by
the lack of educational boycotts and student
unrest during the past three to four years.
The government's visionary thinking
regarding the NSFAS and continued support of
these endeavors should be applauded. The
appearance of the delegation from the
Committee charged with consultation with all
stakeholders indicates the dedication to the
cause of educational justice for all in the
new democratic South Africa.
(a) Background
The university has always been involved
with the needs of poor students. Prior
to the early days of transformation from
08 August 2002 Page 264 of 354
1984, the bursaries and scholarship
office administered a means test to
award the few bursaries from various
sources at its disposal (e.g. bequests,
deceased estates). By 1988 that office
was receiving 5 000 applications a year
from needy students.
The university responded by allocating
funds from its limited budget (about R13
million in 2001) to the annual budget of
the newly constituted Financial Aid
Service. This was supplemented during
the early 1990s by organisations such as
Kagiso Trust, the IDT (Independent
Development Trust), the South African
Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR) and
the Kelloggs Foundation.
By 1996 they had to limit the intake of
needy entrants to 500 per year in order
to manage the budgetary requirements
responsibly. The number of active
financial aid applications settled at
08 August 2002 Page 265 of 354
about 3 500 per year. They are currently
funding about 2 000 undergraduates.
About 13% of the student body is deemed
sufficiently financially disadvantaged
to receive benefits from the NSFAS.
Therefore there is immense pressure on
the university to increase funding for
needy entrant. 50% of them are not
paying any family contribution - the
university and government are funding
R22 000 per year.
Some key areas have been fundamentally
important in the success of the NSFAS:
* The creation of the NSFAS as a
statutory body and the subsequent
establishment of its Board with
representatives from higher
education stakeholders and the
community.
08 August 2002 Page 266 of 354
* The NSFAS loan recovery system and
the quality of the administrative
systems.
* The involvement of the Financial Aid
Services/Bureaux of Tertiary
Institutions in the administration
of NSFAS loans is important.
Financial Aid Officers process
enquiries and applications forms
from potential students. This can
involve dealing with more than 1 000
students per officer.
* The NSFAS in consultation with
Financial Aid Officers designed a
tool called "The Means Test", which
enables them to determine the
relative financial need of any
student applicant. This is very
helpful in the administration and
selection of students.
(b) Financial Aid Budget for 2001
08 August 2002 Page 267 of 354
The allocated budget for the NSFAS is
R56 million, divided as follows:
Bursaries - R5 million (needy students);
scholarships - R12 million; and loans -
R39,5 million.
(c) Challenges
Selection criteria related to the NSFAS
hinder students from the poorest
backgrounds from accessing tertiary
education. The more immediate challenges
are:
* Criteria focus on academic
excellence and do not take into
account rural school and family
background. Alternative selection
methods must be developed for
educationally disadvantaged
students.
* Hidden costs related to applying
(e.g. access to phones, the post,
08 August 2002 Page 268 of 354
photocopying of documents and direct
costs (between R135 and R2 000 per
application) average about R500,
which the poorest of the poor cannot
afford. A further R500 acceptance
deposit is required after academic
selection; even more if a residence
deposit is required, which is often
the case with rural students.
* A lack of consultation in respect of
review and implementation of NSFAS
policy and procedures, taking into
consideration that the institution
and officers are the backbone of the
NSFAS success story.
* A lack of uniformity and monitoring
of policies instituted by the NSFAS,
while the university has aligned its
financial aid policy to suit the
implementation of NSFAS policies and
procedures.
08 August 2002 Page 269 of 354
* Fund entrants only in the second
semester.
* Only half of the recommended maximum
is given, that has led to students
withdrawing from studies before
completion. The maximum limit of R16
000 for 2001 according to government
guidelines was not being adhered to.
In one institution the average size
of an award to an applicants is R3
000.
* They do not use the means test to
identify needy students and
determine award sizes.
(d) Profile of South African student
White students live in houses close to
the campus and are studying away from
home by choice. They are usually not on
financial aid, and invariably have part-
time jobs as waitressws, shop
08 August 2002 Page 270 of 354
assistants, etc, to earn pocket money
and to contribute towards paying
expenses. They are independent and self-
assured. They are found in all
disciplines, especially males in
Science, Engineering and Architecture.
There is some racial friction in clubs
and societies, and to a limited extent
in student government bodies, where
blacks dominate. They participate a lot
in sport.
Indian students live at home some
distance from campus; they travel by
public transport or by family car. Many
privileged students have their own cars.
Few are on financial aid. The wealthy
ones study away from home by choice.
They study and "play" in groups (good
gender mix), and hardly participate in
clubs and societies or student
government bodies. They mainly study
Commerce, Law and Medicine (both
genders).
08 August 2002 Page 271 of 354
95% of black students live in
residences, mainly on financial aid.
They mainly study Law, Social Science
and Humanities. Females study Nursing
and Teaching. Especially the males
participate in student government
bodies. There is a high attrition rate.
The white student population has
decreased because of perception that
NSFAS funding targets the poorest.
Middle-class families experience
problems to qualify for NSFAS funding.
(e) Student debt
When assisting the poorest of the poor
with financial aid, it is important to
note that the Finance Division has
reported that more than 704 students
owed more than R100 000. The highest
debt of any one student was R177 128.
08 August 2002 Page 272 of 354
(f) Existing administrative mechanisms for
disbursement of NSFAS funds
The university has not experienced any
difficulties with existing NSFAS
administrative systems. The problem
alluded to in a letter from the Minister
of Education to the chairperson of the
NSFAS Board (time between registration
and disbursement of funds) was not a
serious issue, as, according to the
university's assessment, the scheme was
being run in a very professional and
highly competent manner.
(g) Size and coverage of loan
The maximum limit of R16 000 of an NSFAS
loan did not adequately accommodate the
actual study costs experienced by
students at a residential university.
Tuition and accommodation fees alone
could be near R20 000 at 2001 rates,
while the full costs, books and other
08 August 2002 Page 273 of 354
necessary living expenses, could be
nearer to R30 000. This clearly
prejudiced the neediest students, who
required loan funding from other sources
to meet their obligations - funding
which might not be offered on the
favourable terms and repayments
conditions applicable to NSFAS awards. A
loan should be able to cover all fees at
any of the institutions.
They have received petitions from
students who were unable to repay loans
due to unemployment, owing to them being
black-listed by credit bureaux.
(h) Eligibility criteria
Based on their experience, they would
like attention to be given to the
following:
* Expand the range of post-graduate
courses for which NSFAS awards may
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be made, while acknowledging the
commitment of the NSFAS to assist
talented and needy students to enter
tertiary institutions.
* Consider making awards to permanent
residents who are not South African
citizens. The restriction prejudices
students from other African
countries who have South Africa as
their home and have been accorded
permanent resident status.
* Staff and students have experienced
that while the most needy students
benefit greatly from the application
of the means test, certain
categories of students are placed in
a difficult position - small
families with an income above
R50 000 (often single parents with
one breadwinner) often find that
assessed funds are beyond their
08 August 2002 Page 275 of 354
reach, and that they are effectively
ineligible for funding.
Eligibility criteria should look at
funding postgraduate students, in
accordance with the National Plan
outlined by the Minister.
There must be uniformity in the
monitoring and implementation of the
policy at all institutions, and NSFAS
policies should be be reviewed
continuously.
(i) Targeting priority fields of study
According to Rev Ngomane, it will be
more appropriate and more effective for
institutions themselves, rather than the
NSFAS, to target priority fields of
study in line with national policy. The
discretion and flexibility that will be
needed to successfully implement this
aspect of national policy, would be very
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difficult to accommodate if driven by a
centralised funding agency such as the
NSFAS.
6. Excellence and relevance in research -
official view by Prof S S Abdool Karim
(a) Research grants and contracts
The increase in grants is built largely
on the university's reputation and on
donations attracted by it: 1995 - R4
million; 1996 - R50 million; 1997 - R65
million; 1998 - R83 million; 1999 - R105
million; and 2000 - R165 million.
International research grants amounted
to R30 million.
(b) Research strategy
In response to a rapid changing research
environment, their research support
strategy reflects the imperatives of the
South African national system of
08 August 2002 Page 277 of 354
innovation within which the higher
education system is located.
The university's research committee
provides support to:
* Outstanding academics that undertake
high quality basic and applied
research and other creative work
that produces academic publications
or their recognised equivalent, like
Dr N Ggaleni, Prof P Berjak (on seed
technology); Prof J Moodley (on
mothers dying during child birth
because of hypertension); and Prof K
Durrheim (racism and identity -
geographies of racial exclusions).
* The centre of research excellence,
which enjoys national and
international recognition and draws
on researchers in a broad range of
disciplines across the university.
08 August 2002 Page 278 of 354
* Increased investment in attracting,
retaining and training young
academics to provide a new
generation of researchers.
* Research with community partners.
Collaborations such as these strengthen
the research ethos because they
contribute to the university's
commitment to socially responsive
science and scholarships. They are now
trying to address local demand to
develop new knowledge.
(c) HIV/AIDS
They actively support AIDS research,
both through the Africa Centre for
Population Studies and Reproductive
Health and the Health Economics and
HIV/AIDS Research Division. It has been
noted with concern that HIV/AIDS will
have a serious impact on the ability of
08 August 2002 Page 279 of 354
a large number of people to access
higher education. The age group 18 to
24, traditional cohort of university
students, is seriously at risk and
disadvantaged communities particularly
will be affected. There is a great deal
of student awareness programmes on the
pandemic.
G. University of the Witwatersrand - 6 August 2001
1. Official overview by Vice-Chancellor, Prof N
Reid
Prof Reid joined WITS in 2001. The
institution's priority is transformation and
it has made progress, particularly with
staff. They are working on schemes to fast-
track the appointment of blacks to
managerial positions. 50% of academic
appointments have been blacks, but they were
appointed to middle management. There are
vacancies in some faculties but WITS is
struggling to get South Africans to fill
08 August 2002 Page 280 of 354
them (e.g. they are looking for a Zoology
lecturer with a Ph D, but most applicants
are from Asia).
WITS is committed to supplementing and
assisting disadvantaged students and to
ensuring that this be accessible to them.
57% of the students are black and 47% are
female. 70% come from Gauteng and 30% from
outside. There are students from SADC
countries and from the rest of Africa. They
hope to expand and admit students from
beyond Africa so as to embrace the spirit of
globalisation. The curriculum has to
incorporate Africanism, bearing in mind the
colonialism that Africa had experienced.
(a) Financial assistance
WITS has received R27 million from the
government for 2000-01.
(b) Bridging programmes
08 August 2002 Page 281 of 354
WITS has for many years been concerned
about student access to various
faculties and about problems that
students from a disadvantaged background
experience when they are accepted into
the university. This has resulted in a
number of bridging programmes, some of
which were initiated 25 years ago. These
programmes were initially designed to
bridge the great divide between school
and university. The bridging courses
served the purpose and helped many
students who had been admitted.
More recently, with the changing
demographics of WITS' student
population, the fact that there were
many students from a disadvantaged
background and a very poor primary and
secondary educational system, WITS
realised that there was an urgent need
to reassess student access to a tertiary
education qualification. The faculties
08 August 2002 Page 282 of 354
were restructured and reduced from nine
to five.
(c) Faculties
The five new faculties are:
Commerce, Law and Management
Engineering and the Built Environment
Health Sciences
Humanities, Social Sciences and
Education
Science
Each faculty has educational officers
who establish mechanisms to facilitate
and allow students into their academic
programmes, students who would not
automatically gain access because of
their secondary school achievements.
2. Commerce, Law and Management
08 August 2002 Page 283 of 354
Mathematics and Science are entrance
requirements for B Com Accounting. Few
students enroll for this degree. Those who
do not qualify to study B Com Accounting,
are allowed to do a two-year bridging
course.
(a) Commerce Development Programmes
Since 1996, the Commerce Faculty has
experienced significant change in the
constitution of its student body.
Increasing numbers of African, Coloured
and Indian students are being admitted,
some of whom do not meet the automatic
entry requirements and a number of whom
are from previously disadvantaged
educational backgrounds.
The Commerce Development Programmes unit
(CDP unit) was formally established in
1997 to facilitate and co-ordinate the
anticipated transformation in academic
development needs of both students and
08 August 2002 Page 284 of 354
staffing of the faculty. Thus far it has
accommodated about 430 students,
registered for the extended curriculum B
Com degree. The registration figure for
the Commerce Skills course for 2001 was
81 students.
(b) Graduation rate of CB402 students: 1997
intake
Data was collected and collaborated in a
longitudinal study of students
registered for CB402 for the first time
in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000. The first
CDP-extended curriculum students
completed their four-year degrees in
2000. The student intake for CB402 in
1997 was 113. According to statistics
supplied, 14 graduated, 64 dropped out,
12 students were excluded, 11 moved to
other faculties and 18 were still
completing their degrees.
(c) Extended Curriculum B Com degree
08 August 2002 Page 285 of 354
In contrast to other tertiary CDP
initiatives, a bridging course for
previously educationally disadvantaged
students seeking entry to the faculty
was not considered appropriate, hence a
formal four-year extended curriculum B
Com degree structure has been
introduced. It is structured in such a
way that first-level courses are split
over two years. During the first year, a
student is required to take a specially
designed course in Commercial Skills.
The CDP assists with academic
development of the annual intake of
extended curriculum students. It also
functions as a research and advisory
resource for academic staff in teaching
departments to address mainstream
teaching and learning problems.
(d) Entry requirements
08 August 2002 Page 286 of 354
To meet the automatic admission
requirements for B Com, an applicant
needs:
* A total of 23+ points for matric
subjects.
* Mathematics at higher grade or 60%
(C) at standard grade.
To be accepted for the extended
curriculum degree, an applicant needs:
* A total of 17+ points for matric
subjects.
* To have come from a previously
disadvantaged educational
background. Preference is given to
applicants from ex-DET schools.
* Those who do not meet the minimum
mathematics requirements, are
required to register for and pass
08 August 2002 Page 287 of 354
Foundation Mathematics, a course
designed to provide students with
the knowledge and confidence to
proceed to computational
Mathematics.
(e) School of Law
The School of Law does not have a formal
bridging programme, but offers an
extended LLB to a limited number of
disadvantaged students. This LLB is
normally offered over four years.
Courses offered are in line with the
demand in the economy.
3. Engineering and the Built Environment
Learners are admitted into this faculty on
the basis of their Grade 12 results. Common
requirements for admission include
mathematics and competency in English. With
most of the schools, Physical Science is a
further requirement for admission.
08 August 2002 Page 288 of 354
The faculty ensures that learners from
disadvantaged backgrounds have a wide range
of career opportunities. Selection and
placement tests and interviews are held by
the faculty to ensure that alternative
admission is administered. If learners have
lower points than required, this alternative
admission system allows them to enter a
different school in the faculty.
In some schools though, they can enter the
Foundation Programme directly, while in
others they can enter into the main stream
directly and then be directed to the
Foundation Programme after the first series
of tests written in April. These programmes
take the form of an extended curriculum,
where the first year of academic study is
extended over two years with a wide range of
academic development programmes to develop
competencies.
The faculty does recognise that Mathematics
has a restricted number of candidates,
08 August 2002 Page 289 of 354
especially from disadvantaged backgrounds,
for entry. It also recognises that
Mathematics at secondary school level has
not necessarily provided the required
competencies for academic success. At the
beginning the success rate of the special
selection tests was 23%; now it has
increased to 60%, especially for students
from disadvantaged communities.
4. Health Sciences
There is a new curriculum for medical
students doing practical in Primary Health
Care. Arrangements have been made with North
West, the Northern Province and Mpumalanga.
(a) Problems experienced
* Students from a disadvantaged
background are not prepared to deal
with the high pressures of tertiary
institutions.
08 August 2002 Page 290 of 354
* First- and second-year students
experience a 50% failure rate, due
to the fact that they have a poor
background in Mathematics and
Science. WITS has had to change its
entry requirements to medical school
and this has changed the number of
years one has to study for a medical
degree to four intensive years. The
curriculum has been changed as well.
* Students from disadvantaged schools
have difficulty in asking questions
in a large lecture hall. This makes
it difficult to pick up problems
they may experience. WITS has
decided to make group small - about
8 students per class.
* WITS has developed contact with
hospitals in Mpumalanga and the
Northern Province for graduates to
work there.
08 August 2002 Page 291 of 354
(b) College of Science
The College of Science was started in
1991. Every year about 130 students are
admitted to the stream that leads to
Science. The two-year programme also
offers computer skills, library skills,
etc. More students can be admitted, but
most students do not do well in
Mathematics.
5. Humanities, Social Sciences and Education
Entry requirements in this faculty have been
changed. Curriculum specialists are located
in the different faculties, who are involved
in curricula review and restructuring of
education diplomas and degrees. Many of the
staff are involved in producing text books
across the spectrum.
Five computer centres have been set up to
allow teachers and students to have access
to computers. Teachers have been allowed to
08 August 2002 Page 292 of 354
upgrade themselves in their area of study or
interest. For example, teachers without
matric (PTC) but with many years of working
experience may study certain courses.
Applicants older than 23 who do not meet the
entry requirements, may study for the four-
year degree or three-year diploma.
6. Faculty of Science
The faculty has the following branches:
Biological Science; Molecular Science; Geo-
Science; and Pure Mathematics.
An E in higher grade Mathematics is the
entry requirement. Should applicant not have
this, a special selection test is offered to
allow them to gain access. Those who pass
the selection test, are interviewed and
potential is identified. 60 to 80 students
are allowed to study through a foundation
programme to improve their success rate.
08 August 2002 Page 293 of 354
WITS encourages organisations like Eskom to
allow their bursars to do a two-year
postgraduate degree in Engineering while
being paid 75% of their salary.
7. University Institutional Forum
The forum has about 45 members (four members
of the SRC; SASCO is also represented), and
meets once a quarter or whenever there is a
need. The term of office is three years. It
advises the Council on issues affecting the
university i.e. transformation and HIV/AIDS.
Most students are not aware of how the forum
can assist them. It is planning on improving
communication with students.
Plan of action
The Forum needs:
To redefine the university's role.
08 August 2002 Page 294 of 354
To improve its communication strategy.
To improve staff morale.
8. Student Representative Council
The SRC has 15 members, five white, six
black and four others. Issues that students
deal with, are different from issues dealt
by students in previous years. Some of these
are HIV/AIDS, second language learning and
media on campus. The SRC has delivered on
their manifesto of promises. It has solved
some of student governance problems.
Students have been involved in restructuring
and transforming the university. The SRC
also ensures that the university does not
exclude students.
9. HIV/AIDS
The SRC initiated the HIV/AIDS tests at
WITS. Members of the Council have gone for
HIV/AIDS tests but have not released their
08 August 2002 Page 295 of 354
results. Their main goal is to have students
go for HIV/AIDS tests. Enough condoms have
been distributed and the university has been
involved in formulating an HIV/AIDS policy.
10. Sexual harassment
WITS has employed a part-time sexual
harassment officer; they cannot afford a
full-time one. Those who feel that they have
been sexually harassed, can consult the
office. There are statistics available that
suggest sexual harassment and rapes do
occur.
11. Language
WITS is addressing the language problem and
foundation courses are offered for
disadvantaged students. A language survey to
determine the language problem experienced
by students has been conducted. The
Department of Education does not consider
sign language an entrant requirement.
08 August 2002 Page 296 of 354
12. Racism
Students are not willing to come forward and
report incidences of racism, as they are
scared of being victimised. WITS does not
allow initiation of students.
13. Postgraduate students
They do not have a platform from which to
raise their concerns, and they do not
receive adequate funding for their studies.
14. Key people from bridging and foundation
programmes
The needs of the students who do not meet
entry requirements, are addressed. Students
who experience personal and academic
problems, are counselled.
15. Unversity Research Committee
08 August 2002 Page 297 of 354
Research in South Africa is funded by
Science Councils. WITS is trying to identify
black women academics. The research
committee has proposed a capacity
development scheme to support and promote
blacks, women and the youth.
Challenges in increased involvement of
Blacks/women
Academics are not paid well and this makes
it difficult to attract them to the
university. The pressure is on black
graduates to contribute to their families
financially once they are qualified.
The Faculty of Science, followed by
Engineering, produces a number of
publications. WITS has a system of senior
mentorship, where experienced scientists are
funded from outside to train young
scientists. The Nuclear Physics Institute
has signed agreements for exchange students
with Zimbabwe.
08 August 2002 Page 298 of 354
It is difficult to access funds for a
publication, as you have to be on a list of
Research Journals, which have not been
updated for five years.
The Faculty of Engineering is fully
committed to research, but it is difficult
for the university in general to retain
black students to enter postgraduate
studies, as they prefer to work after
completing their junior degree, due to the
fact that their parents or families expect
them to pay towards the studies of siblings
still at school. They either join the public
or private sector because education
institutions offer lower salaries.
16. National Plan Co-ordinating Committee -
merging of institutions
The institution is not scared of change, and
for the past three years has engaged in
transformation. Informal discussions are
taking place on a possible merger. However,
08 August 2002 Page 299 of 354
international experience shows that a merger
of institutions succeeds when there is
enough time to do it, but does not succeed
when forced. It has shown that institutions
like WITS should strengthen its strategic
alliance rather than merge.
WITS does acknowledge that Johannesburg
needs more than one university, but is not
sure whether a merger will address this
need. The merger could be done at programme
level. Their concern is that if pushed to
merger, they will end up not addressing
their problems and will not be able to focus
on transformation. Nevertheless, WITS is
willing to engage in policy discussions.
17. Postgraduate Association
Previously there was no way for postgraduate
students to channel their grievances. The
Postgraduate Association does not have a
seat in the Senate. There are not enough
funds to promote research at WITS, as the
08 August 2002 Page 300 of 354
government is no longer funding the
institution properly. This makes it
impossible for WITS to sustain itself
without proper promotion of research.
18. National Student Financial Aid Scheme
For many years funds have been allocated to
needy students registering at institutions
of higher learning. Since the inception of
the NSFAS, WITS has administered these funds
in accordance with criteria laid down by the
NSFAS as well as WITS's General Rules of
Practice for awarding University
Administered Bursaries and Loans (for 2001).
(a) Size allocation per student
The maximum allocation to each student
has increased steadily each year from
R10 000 in 1996 to R16 000 in 2001. The
maximum income level has been increased
to R130 000 per year to assist middle-
income students who face financial
08 August 2002 Page 301 of 354
constraints. Lower income levels were
from R10 000 to R15 000 per year. This
enabled the extremely needy students to
be assisted.
(b) Eligibility
* Students cannot access NSFAS funds
unless they are registered. It is
the Department of Education that has
set this criteria. However, WITS
does waver registration fees if a
students is on the NSFAS, while
other universities do not allow
that.
* The duration of financial assistance
is equal to the length of the degree
plus one year (up to a maximum of
seven years in the case of medical
students).
* In certain circumstances where a
student has already qualified for an
08 August 2002 Page 302 of 354
undergraduate degree, he or she may
not receive additional funding.
However, WITS and the Oppenheimer
Trust have established a loan scheme
to be administered by the NSFAS.
* Difficulty is experienced by
students who do not qualify for
maximum funds but require additional
funding for accommodation and
subsistence. If a student is in a
residence, the allowance pays for
accommodation, so there are no
surplus funds available for
subsistence. If the student uses
private accommodation, the allowance
is used to payment the rent, and
therefore no subsistence is
available.
* In 2001 there were roll-over funds,
which assisted 690 students who
otherwise would have been excluded.
08 August 2002 Page 303 of 354
(c) Disabled students
WITS encourages access of disabled
students, regardless of a lack of
resources.
* These students experience specific
problems as a result of their
disabilities. In most cases they are
enrolled on special/extended
curricula which require that the
period of study and thus the loan
period be extended. The difficulty
comes in where a student has
surpassed the number of years
allowed but has not finished the
degree. Although they are denied
funding, it is felt that a disabled
student should be assisted to study
further. However, there have been no
funds allocated for this purpose. In
addition, disabled students often
require specialised material, which
at this stage are not funded by the
NSFAS.
08 August 2002 Page 304 of 354
* The Dean of Student Affairs
discussed these points with Mr R
Jackson, Chief Executive Officer of
the NSFAS, who agreed to take the
matter up with the NSFAS Board.
* Disabled students are assisted by
the university's Roll-over Loan
Programme. This programme was
started in 1993 to assist needy
students on financial aid who were
unable to pay fees not covered by
their packages. Since then the
programme has grown from assisting
only a handful of students to
assisting 690 students in 2000-01.
It includes the granting of
additional NSFAS loans and is aimed
at students who are unable to pay
the balance of their fees at the end
of the academic year. Provided they
have passed and have not received
the maximum NSFAS loans, these
students' applications are
08 August 2002 Page 305 of 354
reassessed and they are granted
additional loan funding according to
their financial need rating. Foreign
students, including those with
refugee status, SADC students
(unless they become South African
citizens) and part-time students are
not eligible for loans.
The NSFAS requires that all students
make some contribution towards their
costs. Because of this requirement, all
students applying for the Roll-over Loan
Programme must have made a contribution
towards their fees accounts, according
to their individual circumstances. WITS
also provides a Service Bursary Scheme,
whereby students may work in departments
within the university to assist them to
make their own contributions. Wits also
receive donated funds and funds from the
University Council. These funds are used
to top up student packages with
08 August 2002 Page 306 of 354
bursaries. Students are not required to
repay this portion to the university.
H. Potchefstroom University (PU) - 7 August 2001
1. Traditional ethos and transformation
The School of Theology was founded in 1869
in Burgersdorp. In 1919 the institution
became a University College for Christian
Higher Education (CHE). It became a
University of South Africa College in 1921,
being called a University College in 1951.
The university has had one satellite campus
since 1966. More blacks started studying at
PU since 1967. Residences were opened to all
races in 1990. There are about 2 000
students on the Vaal Triangle Campus.
2. Vision
A university of high quality with a
Christian foundation, entrepreneurally
orientated and responsive to the
08 August 2002 Page 307 of 354
requirements of the age, the country and the
nation.
3. Transformation
The transformation process started early in
the 1990s. Prior to 1994 they met with
different stakeholders, and various issues
were discussed. Before transformation took
place, there was tension and uncertainty
among staff, and there is still tension.
In the mid-90s the composition of the
council was changed, as it was dominated by
whites. It contained 17 white males. 30% of
the members were internal members and 70%
were external. Three were Senate members.
In 1993 the council consisted of one
principal, four vice-principals, two Senate
members, one employee, one student and
external members. An agreement was reached
to enlarge the council to 23 members,
08 August 2002 Page 308 of 354
consisting of 14 white males, seven black
males and two white females.
In 1999 further changes with regard to
gender and the number of employees were made
in respect of the council. It consisted of
17 whites, six blacks and five females.
Principal - 1; Vice-Principal - 2;
Management Committee; Senate - 2; Other
employees - 1; Institutional Forum - 1;
Students - 2.
(a) Student numbers
1919-1965 - students numbered about
2 000. In 2001 there were 13 327
students at PU and the Vaal Triangle -
75% white, 25% black, 43% males and 57%
females. 45% are from North West and 55%
from other provinces and other
countries. Postgraduate students are 3
490 (about 26%) and undergraduate
students are 9 837 (about 74%).
08 August 2002 Page 309 of 354
(b) Massification
The number of students increased as the
years went by and telematic learning
systems have been developed. PU's
telematics results have been better than
the results of students studying on
campus (contact students). They are also
better than those of students studying
at UNISA, probably due to the fact that
the majority of distance learners are
mature and dedicated. Telematic, distant
and contact students all write the same
examinations.
PU has been used to develop a telematics
learning system, and its learning
centres quite often operate in concert
with other institutions to enhance
education. These institutions are all
over South Africa: Northern Province -
7; Mpumalanga - 21; North West - 13;
Northern Cape - 5; Eastern Cape - 12;
08 August 2002 Page 310 of 354
Western Cape - 12; KwaZulu-Natal - 12;
Gauteng - 1.
This programme is meant for students
who, for whatever reason, cannot attend
residential institutions. PU is trying
to attract more black students to
balance with the country's demographics.
Black students who qualify for admission
are not turned away. PU does not prevent
students from other denominations (not
Christian) to study there. They are
satisfied with the results of telematic
learning systems, and has taken steps to
ensure that private providers make the
programme a success.
PU has nine faculties and 13 research
focus areas. They also offer outreach
programmes - postgraduates engaged in
community services. Research is
conducted to assist communities in
respect of nutrition, legal aid, etc.
08 August 2002 Page 311 of 354
The Theology Faculty has more black
students than any other faculty.
Twice a year school teachers enroll for
diploma and postgraduate diploma courses
offered by PU to upgrade them in
Mathematics and Science. About 1 000
black teachers have been upgraded by
them over the past four years. These
teachers are allowed to use the
university's laboratory facilities, as
most of their schools do not have
laboratories.
(c) Institutional culture
The language medium of PU is Afrikaans.
About 6 000 students study in English.
90% of all textbooks are in English and
lectures are in Afrikaans. All
examination papers are in Afrikaans and
English, and students may answer
questions in the language of their
choice. In the Vaal Triangle, 50% of the
08 August 2002 Page 312 of 354
lectures are in Afrikaans and 50% in
English.
Prof Zibi organised morning classes to
teach management Setswana, which helped
them to be sensitive to other languages.
PU is opposed to the merger of
institutions.
They have a negotiated statute, which
came about as a result of
transformation. The statute will be
revisited in some technical respects
once the private acts are scrapped.
Lectures have never been disrupted due
to unrest.
(d) Disabilities
PU has developed material to enable
blind students to study. Different
buildings have been made to cater for
persons with disability (e.g. toilets,
off-ramps, lecture halls, etc). Disabled
08 August 2002 Page 313 of 354
staff members who cannot drive or use
the computer, are assisted.
(e) Language
PU attempts to ensure that language is
not a barrier for students. A language-
assisting facility has been installed to
assist students with reading skills.
Computer courses are offered for all
students. The university feels very
strongly about Afrikaans, but will not
exclude or discriminate against other
languages. There are students trained to
assist students who cannot cope with the
content of courses.
(f) Satellite campus: telematic/distance
programmes
Most students attending the satellite
campus and distance programmes are
working people with their own families
08 August 2002 Page 314 of 354
to support, and thus cannot afford to
attend full-time lectures.
(g) Student affairs
There is a high level of representation
of students on different committees. PU
regards students as equals in all
committees they are serving on. SRC
members are members of the Senate, the
Executive Council and the Council. The
management does not interfere with
student politics, and students
independently deal with their affairs.
(h) SRC
SASCO was not part of the meeting, as
its members were picketing outside the
premises when the delegation arrived.
The delegation met with members of the
Vaal Triangle's SRC and PU's SRC. There
was tension on campus when the SRC
chairperson started studying at Vaal
08 August 2002 Page 315 of 354
Triangle. No one was prepared to address
issues. Change began when students
started questioning what was happening.
Finances
Many measures are in place to assist
students financially. It has always
been a problem for students to pay
for registration.
Language
Students tried to establish a forum
to discuss issues - a student
parliament. This parliament sits
once a term, depending on the need.
Some programmes are offered in
English. Evening lectures are mainly
for part-time students, but full-
time students are allowed to attend
them. Study material is in both
languages. Sometimes, at Vaal
Triangle, students are allowed to
08 August 2002 Page 316 of 354
decide on the language they prefer
to be lectured in. They participate
in lectures in a language of their
choice.
Each campus has its own SRC. Potch
has 18 portfolios and Vaal Triangle
eight. The student body has eight
portfolios, among others Sport,
Culture, PRO, Secretary, Chairperson
and Vice-Chairperson. It is directly
involved in assisting students.
NSFAS
Funds are only made available to
students after they have registered
at Potch or Vaal Triangle. Students
cannot access funds if their fees
have not been paid. Students do not
abuse the NSFAS, as the NSFAS
targets needy students. Vaal
Triangle is a small campus and it is
easy to detect needy students. Both
08 August 2002 Page 317 of 354
SRCs assist in identifying needy
students.
Residences
At Vaal Triangle, residence students
are allowed to stay where they want.
Most of them socialise with students
of their own culture. Black students
(five years ago) pressurised
management to be accommodated in
their own residences, but it was
refused. Allegations exist that
there is an element of racial
discrimination at university
residences. At Potch students are
allowed to stay where they want,
taking cognisance of the fact that
mono-cultural residences have not
been allowed to develop.
HIV/AIDS
08 August 2002 Page 318 of 354
There is a support group that deals
with AIDS. There are no condoms
available on campus, as the
distribution of condoms is regarded
as contrary to a Christian value
system.
(i) Dropouts
PU does not have readily available
statistics on the number of academic
dropouts. It has no record of students
who dropped out because of financial
reasons. Those who usually drop out
after the first year, do not report or
come back, which makes it difficult to
trace them.
(j) Orientation/initiation
Initiation is done in a fashion that is
comfortable to the students - it is a
programme owned by the students.
08 August 2002 Page 319 of 354
3. NSFAS
The Financial Support Services Department at
PU is the vital link between the NSFAS and
students.
(a) State of NSFAS IN 2001
In 2001 PU received R14 133 522, and
R11 209 355 was allocated. NSFAS 2001:
R11 140 000; NSFAS Teachers Education
2001: R2 484 522; NSFAS x 2000: R412
000; NSFAS Thintana 2001: R97 000.
Total number of students assisted: 1
096; population distribution: 65% whites
and 35% blacks receive the funds. 20% of
black students and 7% of white students
receive NSFAS funds. 96% of black first-
year students studying towards a degree
in education receive NSFAS funds for
teacher education.
(b) Management of NSFAS at PU
08 August 2002 Page 320 of 354
The NSFAS is managed on a three-system
approach - marketing, production and
financial strategy. To market the NSFAS,
the university:
* Advertises in the student newspaper,
Die Wapad.
* Holds meetings with Deans, Directors
of Schools, lecturers, house
committee members and the SRC to
sensitise on financially needy
students.
* Uses the Internet, e-mail and
groupwise to inform students who
have access to electronic media.
* Liaises with the Financial
Department (Accounts) to identify
students with financial problems.
* Makes first-year students aware of
the NSFAS.
08 August 2002 Page 321 of 354
* Liaises with individual students to
identify more financially needy
students.
Students who receive NSFAS funds,
receive funds that cover all academic
costs. PU does not return roll-over
funds to the NSFAS, as they are aware
that at the beginning of every year
there are students who need financial
assistance. These students are allowed
to access roll-over NSFAS funds for
registration. Only students who meet the
academic requirements, can access these
funds. PU allocates between R9 000 and
R12 000 to each student, but priority is
given to the needy. The NSFAS is
satisfied with the way in which their
funds are administered.
2. Entry requirements, bridging programme and
publication of requirements for access
08 August 2002 Page 322 of 354
(a) PU offers a Technical College Programme
for students who do not meet entry
requirements. These access programmes
are offered in Rustenburg, Vereeniging,
Van der Bijl Park, Springs, Benoni,
Potchefstroom and Sasolburg.
(b) They offer Saturday classes (and has
been doing so for a number of years) to
assist Grade 12 pupils to pass so that
they may meet the university's entry
requirements.
(c) PU has Student Counselling Services
responsible for selecting students,
career guidance using psychometric
tests, assisting students to cope with
their studies psychologically, and
offering special administrative tests
for students who do not meet entry
requirements.
Students who qualify to be admitted to study
Engineering have a minimum of 21 points.
08 August 2002 Page 323 of 354
Students who do not qualify are allowed to
write a special admission test in
Mathematics. Those who do not pass the test,
are allowed to study a two-year course in
order to register. About 20 students are
allowed to register for a one-year course
that will enable them to study Engineering.
This course is expensive and costs the
university a lot of money. Tests are used to
select students to study Pharmacy, Theology
and Social Work.
3. SADC students
PU does admit students from SADC countries,
but their matric results have to be
evaluated by the Matriculation Board. These
students are from Zaire, Botswana, Zimbabwe
and Namibia. The university has students
from Korea and Britain, who study through
telematics. PU has prepared study guidelines
that assist distance-learning students.
Distance-learning programmes are good
programmes, not secondary.
08 August 2002 Page 324 of 354
I. University of the North (UNIN) - 8 August 2001
UNIN is a rural university within a
predominantly black population. The ratio is 99%
black, other races making up the remaining 1%.
55% of the student body are female.
1. Academic sector
There are more females in the top managerial
levels. There are more males (321) than
females (141), more blacks (296) than whites
(147), and only five coloureds and four
Indians on the permanent staff of the main
campus. On 1 July 2001, a new academic
structure was established.
(a) Programmes
UNIN has various formative degrees and
diplomas in the following directions:
Arts and Health Sciences
Humanities and Social Sciences
08 August 2002 Page 325 of 354
Law
Agriculture, Health and Natural Sciences
Management Sciences
UNIN offers programme-based study
directions within two faculties. These
programmes will be housed in schools:
Faculty of Arts and Humanities
Arts
Social Sciences
Education
Law
Management and Leadership Studies
Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences
Natural and Environmental Sciences
Mathematical Sciences, Computer Studies
and Information Technology
Health Sciences
Applied Agriculture Sciences
Mining and Manufacturing Engineering
08 August 2002 Page 326 of 354
Research Development
A programme-based study direction was
developed in response to the needs in
community - UNIN has four research
units. To date the focus has been on
undergraduate programmes. Postgraduate
programmes as well as research have
always taken a backseat. UNIN now
intends to increase efforts towards
greater student intakes at postgraduate
level. There are still more males than
females, and UNIN wants to put
mechanisms in place to attract more
females into the research arena.
UNIN has experienced a drastic drop in
overall student enrolment and is now in
the process of developing strategies to
deal with the situation. It identified
the following as factors that caused the
dramatic drop in enrolment:
08 August 2002 Page 327 of 354
* Instability within the institution
as a result of the active
involvement of its student body in
national politics.
* Lack of viable marketable academic
programmes.
* The opening of alternative
institutions of higher learning,
especially white universities and
technikons, since 1994.
* The development of an increased
interest in technikons, compared to
universities. Lack of adequate
financial support for students in
need, especially first-time entrant
and postgraduate levels.
* Low matriculation results,
especially at university entry level
in the Northern Province.
08 August 2002 Page 328 of 354
* Lack of student retention
mechanisms.
* Lack of competitive recruitment
strategies.
* Poor image of the institution.
(b) Disabled students
UNIN caters for disabled students and
partially sighted students. It has the
best equipped and running disabled
students unit, which will accommodate
the needs of the disabled. Plans are
afoot to put up a special building to
house the unit. Physical facilities
around the main campus have been
improved to meet the needs of this
sector of the student community.
UNIN has a good programme for the deaf,
visually and mobile impaired students.
Funds have been raised to build a unit
08 August 2002 Page 329 of 354
for disabled students. However, UNIN
cannot afford to buy furniture for them,
and appeal to the government to assist.
(c) Recruitment
To attract students, UNIN advertises in
both the printed and the electronic
media. It is difficult for the
university to attract postgraduate
students, as it cannot afford to offer
bursaries in competition with
traditional white universities.
(d) NSFAS - implementation and limitations
* Ideally the funding should enable
needy students to overcome their
financial difficulties and further
their education. Regrettably this is
not the case, as the NSFAS is not
able to fund students to the full
tune of what they require, since
there are minimum and maximum
08 August 2002 Page 330 of 354
allocations prescribed by the NSFAS
Board. This means then it does not
cater for all students' needs. Since
its inception, the NSFAS has never
been able to pay all fees for that
particular year for students because
of the limited funding and the
number of students who qualify for
financial assistance according to
NSFAS requirements.
* NSFAS funds are allocated to 60%
females and 40% males. Students who
do not meet NSFAS requirements are
not allowed access to the funds.
NSFAS allocations are made after a
student has registered.
* The success rate of students
receiving NSFAS funds is about 60%.
(e) NSFAS -implication for UNIN
08 August 2002 Page 331 of 354
UNIN depends mainly on the NSFAS to fund
students, as it does not have reserves
like other institutions, especially
historically advantaged institutions. It
has been a trend that, since the
establishment of the NSFAS, UNIN has not
been able to pay the allocation
prescribed by the NSFAS because of
limited funding. The amount allocated to
an institution is divided by the number
of students who qualify for financial
assistance. For example, in the academic
year 2000, the maximum allocation
recommended by the NSFAS was R14 600,
but the maximum allocation that the
university could make available, was R8
500 per student. This amount does not
even cover the fees fully, let alone
meals and book allowance.
The fact that students do not get an
allowance for books, could lead to them
failing or dropping out.
08 August 2002 Page 332 of 354
(f) Means test
* Most institutions use the means
test; others use their internal
local software as the cut-off point
for income. This creates a problem
in a sense that the means test is
not compulsory, and thus funding to
students is not uniform.
* It is not clear whether funding is
really received by deserving (poor)
students or not, since students do
not provide true information about
their parents' or guardians' income
status. This makes it difficult to
assess the authenticity of
information given. There is no
system which institutions could use
to access the parents/guardians
information. Most students submit
pension slips, and UNIN depends on
these submissions to select
students.
08 August 2002 Page 333 of 354
* Students studying for a two-year
diploma at UNIN, do not qualify for
financial assistance. They struggle
to get financial assistance, as UNIN
does not have funds to allocate to
them.
* The NSFAS sponsors undergraduate
students and only a few postgraduate
degrees and diplomas. UNIN has to
cater for students who do not
qualify for NSFAS funds.
(g) UNIN'S contribution
UNIN has its own Student Financial Aid
Trust, established in 1996. The trust
awards bursaries to needy students in
Pharmacy, Optometry, Agriculture,
Natural Sciences, Management Sciences
and Medical Sciences. Since 1999, the
trust has allocated bursaries to the
tune of R600 000. At the time of the
08 August 2002 Page 334 of 354
visit the trust hoped to raise R1
million before the end of 2001.
(h) Student Representative Assembly
* Students are not happy with the way
NSFAS funds are allocated - these
are allocated to students after they
have registered. This means that
students who cannot afford to pay
registration fees, are unable to
access funds and are not admitted.
* Funds (about R2 million) have been
withdrawn from UNIN because they
were not utilised by the university.
UNIN's Finance Section did not have
a mechanism to allocate NSFAS funds
to students. This happened even
though students were sent home
because they could not pay the
registration fee.
08 August 2002 Page 335 of 354
* Funding is allocated mostly to
students studying Science and
Technology - students studying other
courses are neglected.
* Most students are black.
* UNIN has a programme to ensure that
SADC students are recruited and
attracted.
* The SRC is now referred to as the
Student Representative Assembly, and
its constitution has been changed.
* There is no clear mechanism to
ensure that university debts paid by
students go to the university and
not to lawyers.
* UNIN is apprehensive of paying for
first-year students, as there is no
guarantee that those students will
get a 50% pass.
08 August 2002 Page 336 of 354
(i) Administration and technical staff
* Funding allocated to UNIN is not
adequate, and thus some students
have to drop out.
* About 4 000 students applied to
study at UNIN, but not all could
register, as most of them could not
afford registration fees. This has
resulted in a significant drop in
the numbers of students registered.
Some staff members had to be
retrenched, because there were not
enough students to lecture.
* UNIN is unable to attract students
with good matric results. It is only
the funded traditional white
universities that are able to
attract such students, as they can
offer them bursaries.
08 August 2002 Page 337 of 354
* UNIN is unable to attract students
of colour, as meals offered at the
univer+sity are not of good quality.
* 300 Pharmacy applicants were turned
away because pharmacy laboratories
were small and could not cater for
many students.
* UNIN has 600 computers but not
enough trainers to train students,
as there are not enough funds to pay
trainers.
(j) Concerned Lecturers and Academic Staff
Support Group (CLASSG)
* Students are unable to access the
NSFAS for registration. Most
academically qualifying students
cannot afford to pay registration
fees, which makes it difficult for
UNIN to attract academically viable
students.
08 August 2002 Page 338 of 354
* UNIN offers a good bridging
programme, UNIFY. The Senate has
agreed to expand the programme to
other fields of study.
* UNIN adheres to the National Plan on
Higher Education.
* Students registered in 2001 are
committed in studying because they
are encouraged to make a
contribution towards their studies.
They have to make some payment to
register.
* Politicians should assist UNIN to
improve its culture of learning.
* UNIN offers a community outreach
programme -students cannot graduate
without doing community work.
* UNIN conducts research for the
government.
08 August 2002 Page 339 of 354
(k) Entry requirements
It is important for students to
understand the language used in
different courses. For example, students
studying Science have to attend a
language course for Science to enable
them to understand the course. This
course has been offered since the 1970s.
UNIN addresses issues of language and
culture in cases where the medium of
instruction is a second or third
language.
2. Visit to experimental farm - offical view by
Prof Fritzgerald, Administrator: UNIN
There is tension between UNIN and the
Administrator. Prof Fritzgerald is working
hard to ensure that this does not affect
UNIN's functioning. According to him, the
culture of learning has to be improved, and
politicians could assist in this regard.
08 August 2002 Page 340 of 354
J. Recommendations
1. In keeping with the objective of specialist
schools, centres of excellence and a focused
vision, the above-mentioned institutions
should look at placing greater funding and
resources in the particular speciality
towards which they seem to be moving:
(a) Peninsula Tecnikon is moving towards
digital technology and engineering, thus
it should specialise and make this their
priority, with advanced courses being
offered so that they can produce not
only computer operators but also
software and hardware technologists.
(b) To protect the valuable work kept in the
Research Centre at the University of
Fort Hare, it should be microfilmed and
digitised.
(c) The funding formula for universities
should be reviewed; the current year
08 August 2002 Page 341 of 354
enrolment should be used as a yardstick,
not the enrolment of two years ago. The
formula should also provide for
financial assistance for needy students.
(d) The Department of Education should
review the formula for funding
institutions of higher learning with the
aim to find ways in which to address the
neglect of previously disadvantaged
institutions and to empower them to
fulfil their missions.
(e) Special financial assistance to UNITRA
is of the essence to upgrade their
medical faculty.
(f) The Department of Education should
substantially increase the NSFAS budget
to accommodate more students and to
effectively and realistically open the
doors of higher learning.
08 August 2002 Page 342 of 354
(g) As students from SADC countries are not
eligible for NSFAS funds, a clear policy
in respect of assisting them should be
developed.
(h) The University of the North needs to
open a Mining Engineering Department or
Faculty, as the entire Northern Province
has a mining potential not fully
utilised.
(i) History as a discipline needs to be
prioritised to realise the authentic and
correct history of our people in South
Africa.
(j) African Languages need to be revitalised
in our institutions of higher learning.
(k) The National Research Foundation should
facilitate research and training of
postgraduate students at historically
disadvantaged institutions.
08 August 2002 Page 343 of 354
(l) Special focus should be given to
Potchefstroom University in respect of
language, gender, religion and
representativity in order to speed up
the process of transformation there.
K. Concluding remarks
The Committee observed with appreciation the
general stability in the institutions visited.
There seems to be relative co-operation between
stakeholders, with institutional forums working
together well. Most of them seem to be making
significant strides in keeping up with
transformation policies. All agree that the
NSFAS plays a big role in facilitating many
students from poor communities to access
institutions of higher learning.
L. List of participants
Peninsula Technikon
Mrs V Elissac, Public Relations Officer
08 August 2002 Page 344 of 354
Prof B Figaji, Vice-Chancellor
Prof J Tromp, Deputy Vice-Chancellor
Mr G Reynecke, Head: Financial Aid
Prof H Fransman, Director: Educational
Development Centre
Mr M Clarke, Chief Director: Finance and
Administration
Ms C Jacobs , Language Co-ordinator: Engineering
Mr E Sebokedi, Deputy Head: Student Affairs
Mr S Ndabezitha, Chief Director: Human Resources
and Support
Services
Mr J Garraway, Educational Development Centre
Mr L Himunchul, Educational Development Centre
Mr T Titus, Head: Student Affairs
Mr B Jodwana, SRC: Engineering Officer
Mr T Damoyi, SRC: President
Adv L Harper, Special Assistant to Vice-
Chancellor
University of Fort Hare
Prof D Swartz, Vice-Chancellor
08 August 2002 Page 345 of 354
Prof D O Okeya, Executive Dean: Science and
Technology
Mr M S Silinga, Academic Cluster Leader
Mr N Ruthman, Co-ordinator: Vision, Mission and
Governance
Ms Z Ndlovu, Co-ordinator: Finance and Revenue
Strategies
Prof R Bally, University Planner
Ms L T Ngalo-Morrison, Dean of Students
Mr S Kobese, Community partnership co-ordinator
Mrs A H N Mbete, Director: Human Resources
Mr L Jacobs, Director: Marketing and
Communications
Mr L Sogayise, Rural Action Programme Co-
ordinator
Mr M Moodley, Technology Support Centre
Mr A Gwabeni, Institutional Forum Administrator:
Academic
Cluster
Mr P Cole, Economic Development Consultant
Mr N Dladla, Dean; Management, Development and
Commerce
Mr L Mabuyane, SRC President
Mr N R Mboniswa, Administrator
08 August 2002 Page 346 of 354
Mr M W Magwa, SPC member
Institutional Forum
Represented by General Student Council, South
Africa Student Congress, United Democratic
Students' Movement Organisation, National
Tertiary education staff union, Pan Africanist
Student Movement Association, Azanian Student
Congress, NEHAWU
Ms Memani-Balani, Mr S Muzamba, Mr S Vamva, Mr N
L Lufefe, Mr S P Sitole, Mr V T Gqube, Ms L D
Khoabai, Mr M P Mhlanti, Mr V Peter, Mrs Bokwe,
Ms T Heshlula, Mr L M Jakatyana, Mr S R
Matshoba, Mr A B Magoloba, Mr E Maki, Mr S M
Goqwana, Mr B Sixaba, Mr T L Bhengu, Mr L M
Bara, Mr S Tini, Mr L S Toti
University of Transkei
Prof N Morgan, University Administrator
Mr P O Chabane, Special Assistant to
Administration
08 August 2002 Page 347 of 354
Prof C Z Gebeda, Manager: TELP
Dr S M Matoti, Planner
Prof J M Noruwana, Vice Principal
Prof E L Mazwai, Dean: Health Sciences
Prof N J N Mijere, Acting Dean: Faculty of Arts
Prof A Coetier, Acting Vice Dean: Arts
Prof M Mahabir, Dean: Faculty of Economic
Sciences
Mr P K Gqulu
Mr L H Kentane, Vice Dean: Education
Prof S V S Ngubentombi, Dean: Education
Rev Dr W M Guwa, Dean of Students
Mr F H Mbali, Member of IF
Dr W M Kwetana, NTESU
Ms S N Nkanyuza, President: NTESU
Prof J A Faniran
Prof B S Nikani, Dean: Science
Ms K Kirishanlal-Gopal
Mr B Mabentsela
Mr A W Anderson, UASA
Mr N P Tyamzashe, Nehawu
Mr Z Madlongolwane, Nehawu
Mr M Somkoko, Nehawu
Mr M Mboni, SRC
08 August 2002 Page 348 of 354
Mr V P Zoko, SRC
Mr M Sodlodla, SRC
University of Natal
Prof B M Gourley, Vice-Chancellor
Mr P M Malgas, Registrar
Dr D Rajab, Dean of Student Development
Prof S S Abdool Karim, Deputy Vice-Chancellor
(Research)
Mr T M Willis, Dean of Students
Prof E A Ngara, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Students
and
Transformation)
Prof A Bawa, Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academics)
Rev J Ngomane, Director: Financial Aid
University of the Witwatersrand
Prof Max Price, Dean: Faculty of Health Sciences
Mr Makhukhu Mampuru, National Department of
Education
Ms Wendy Orr, Wits Transformation and Employment
Equity
08 August 2002 Page 349 of 354
Prof Charles Landy, Acting Dean, Faculty of
Engineering and
the Built Environment
Mr Tony Lelliott, Acting Dean: Faculty of
Humanities, Social
Sciences and Education
Prof Colin J Wright, Dean: Faculty of Science
Prof David Solomon, Acting Dean: Commerce, Law
and Management
Prof Norman Reid, Vice Chancellor
Mr John Kuhn, SRC UF Deputy Chairperson
Mr Steve Lebelo, Wits Foundation
Prof James Fisher, Senate
Ms Jillian Carman, UF Secretary: Convocaetion
Executive
Ms Barbara Buntman, Lecturer: Art History
Ms Margaret Orr, Director: Centre for University
Learning,
Teaching and Development
Ms Kathy Munro, Director: Wits Plus Centre for
Part-time
Studies
Ms Michele Aucock, Director: Commerce
Development Programme
08 August 2002 Page 350 of 354
Ms L Murray, Academic Planning Officer
(Registrar's Office)
Prof C Eales, Representative: Faculty of Health
Sciences
Prof F Maraicano, Representative: Faculty of
Science
Representative (National Plan Co-ordinating
Committee)
Prof L Nongxa, Chairperson: University National
Plan
Co-ordinating Committee
Prof J Feddenhe, Faculty of CLM
Prof H Janks, Faculty of Humanities, Social
Sciences and
Education
Prof H M Marques, Faculty of Sciences
Prof Y Ballim, Faculty of Engineeering and Built
Environment
Mr D Young, Lecturer and Member of Senate
Ms N Jappie, Support Services, Member of Senate
and Dean of
Students
Mr A Adamjee, SRC Treasurer
Ms S Goga, SRC Media Officer
08 August 2002 Page 351 of 354
Mr I G T Moroeng, Internal Vice-President
Mr J Huddle, SRC Secretary
Mr J Kuhn, SRC Vice-President
Mr N Letshoene, Deputy Chairpersoon: PSA
Mr T Odhiambo, PGA: Projects and Campaigns
Mr M Y Cajee, SRC President
Mr V Black, Head: Financial Aid
Mr A de Wet, Executive Director: Finance
University of Potchefstroom
Mr T Eloff, Principal Designate
Mr A J Viljoen, Vice-Principal
Mr W E Scott, Vice-Principal
Prof M S Zibi, Vice-Principal
Mr Theo Venter, Institutional Forum
Mr P J J Prinsloo, Vice-Principal
Prof H J Reyneke, Dean of Students
Mr J S du Plooy, Head: Financial Support Service
Prof P du Plessis, Director: Academic Services
Prof H N Kotze, Head: Student Counselling
Services
Mr T Cato - Deputy Director - Academic
Administrator
08 August 2002 Page 352 of 354
Mr H Stavast, Director: Student Affairs, Vaal
Triangle Campus
Mr S Nsibanyani, SRC Chairperson: Vaal Triangle
Ms H Mulder, SRC Chairperson: Potchefstroom
Ms B Basson, SRC Vice-Chairperson:
Potchefstroom
Ms C Dikotsi, SRC: Social Intergration
Prof P Potgieter
University of the North
Prof A L Mawashe, Assistant to the
Administrator
Ms K M A Hlane, Acting University Registrar
Ms N O Kwenaite, Public Relations Co-ordinator
Prof P Fritzgerald, Administrator
Mr M C Makhambula, Academic Administrator
Prof N M Mollel, Caretaker Director: School of
Social Sciences
Prof S Louw, Languages and Communication
Studies
Prof P F Breed, Caretaker Director: Management
Sciences
08 August 2002 Page 353 of 354
Dr P W Mashela, Caretaker Director: Physical
and Mineral
Sciences
Adv Phindela, Caretaker Director: Law
Prof G T Mncube, Quality Assurance Manager
Mr W E S Thema, Acting Executive Director: SD
and SS
Dr D S Hiss, Caretaker Director: School of
Health Sciences
Prof P E Franks
Dr N M Mokgalong, University of the North
Academic Staff
Association (UNASA)
Mr M J Theman, Caretaker Dean: Humanities
Mr M E Thangeni, Caretaker Director:
Mathematics and Sciences
Mr M F Ralenala, School of Education
Mr M M Lemao, NEHAWU
Mr M P Madidimao, NEHAWU
Mr Eric Maimela, Post-Graduate Society
Chairperson
Mr T Musolwa, SRA Secretary-General
Ms Sheila Mmusi, National Tertiary Education
Staff Union
08 August 2002 Page 354 of 354
(NTESU)
Mr K D Malele, Deputy President: Internal SRA
Ms N Pitje, Administration and Technical Staff
Mr V D Mabuza, BSA
Mr C I Khanye, Administration and Technical
Staff
Mr G M JJIA, National Tertiary Education Staff
Union (NTESU)
Prof NL Nkantini, National Tertiary Education
Staff Union
Prof P R Franks, University of the North
Academic Staff
Association (UNASA)
Mr M A Ngoepe, Concerned Lectures and Academic
Staff Support
Group (CLASSG)
Report to be considered.
