Bringing Green Revolution in
Eastern Region
Department of Agriculture
Government of Bihar
The first green revolution was limited to only
five crops and main focus was on wheat. Punjab,
Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh was benefitted
more. There is a large gap in the yield of various
crops among the states.
To fulfill the yield gap:- Extending green
revolution programme is included in Bihar,
Eastern U.P, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and
west Bengal.
Contribution of Agriculture in Bihar :-
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 33 per cent, while at the
national level, agriculture contributes 18 per cent
The Gross sown area in the state:- 78.82 lakh ha.
Net sown area:- 57.12 lakh ha.
Cropping intensity:- 138%.
The principal crops:- paddy, wheat, pulses, maize,
potato, oilseeds and Sugarcane.
Major Crops:- Rice, wheat and maize
Allocation by Govt. of India :- Rs. 6394.34 Lakh
for Extending Green Revolution under sub plan of
R.K.V.Y during 2010-11 for Bihar.
Districts under each Agro-Climatic Zone
Sl.
Agro-climatic zone Districts
No.
West Champaran, East Champaran, Siwan,
Agro- climatic zone I Saran, Sitamarhi, Sheohar, Muzaffarpur,
1.
(Northern West) Vaishali, Madhubani, Darbhanga,
Samastipur, Gopalganj & Begusarai
Agro-climatic Zone II Purnea, Katihar, Saharsa, Supaul,
2.
(Northern East) Madhepura, Khagaria, Araria & Kishanganj.
Agro-climatic zone IIIA Sheikhpura, Munger, Jamui, Lakhisarai,
3.
(Southern East) Bhagalpur & Banka.
Rohtas, Bhojpur, Buxar, Bhabhua, Arwal,
Agro-climatic zone IIIB
4. Patna, Nalanda, Nawada, Jehanabad,
(Southern West)
Aurangabad & Gaya.
Physiographic features of the Agro-climatic Zone
Total Temperature
Sl.
Agro-climatic zone Soil pH Rainfall ( 0C)
No.
(mm) Max. Min.
Sandy 6.5 – 8.4 1040 – 1450 36.6 7.7
Agro- climatic zone I loam, (1245.00)
1.
(Northern West) loam
Sandy 6.5 – 7.8 1200 – 1700 33.8 8.8
Agro-climatic Zone II loam, Clay ( 1450.00)
2.
(Northern East) loam
Sandy 6.8 – 8.0 990 – 1240 37.1 7.8
loam, Clay (1115.00)
Agro-climatic zone III
loam,
3. (Southern East &
loam, Clay
West)
AGRO CLIMATIC ZONES
ZONE - I ZONE - III(A)
ZONE - II ZONE - III(B)
Present Status of the selected crops
Area Productivity Production
Name of the crop
(Lakh Ha.) (Qtls./Ha) (Lakh M.T.)
Kharif Rice 35.15 16.00 56.24
Boro & summer Rice 1.05 17.81 1.87
Total Rice 36.20 16.90 58.11
Wheat 21.31 23.80 50.71
Kharif Maize 2.58 16.78 4.33
Rabi Maize 2.06 35.97 7.41
Summer Maize 1.81 31.55 5.71
Total Maize 6.45 28.10 18.12
Total Pulses 6.10 9.00 5.49
Objectives of the Project
To enhance the Productivity of Rice, Wheat, Maize and
Pulse crops
To improve soil health with the use of Bio fertilizers and
micro-nutrients.
To increase the area of Arhar and lentil as inter crop
To enhance water use efficiency by application of
sprinkler and drip irrigation.
Mechanization of the Agriculture farms.
Reclamation of problematic soils by pyrites/ phospho
gypsum.
Farmers training for improved technology in farming
practices
Steps needed to achieve the desired level of
productivity
Improve infrastructure such as
a) irrigation facilities
b) supply of quality seed
c) balanced use of fertilizers
d) adequate farm machinery
e) farmer friendly extension service and
f) marketing facilities to the farmers.
Cropping Pattern
Cropping pattern is dominated by cereals- Rice-wheat
Cereals occupies more than 70% of the gross cropped area.
Pulses occupy around 7 % of the gross cropped area.
The important cropping sequence of different zones is:
Zone – I: Rice – Wheat, Rice – Rai, Rice – Sweet Potato,
Rice – Maize (Rabi), Maize – Wheat, Maize –
Sweet Potato, Maize – Rai, Rice – Lentil, Rice-
linseed
Zone – II: Jute – Wheat, Jute – Potato, Jute – Kalai, Jute
Mustard, Rice – Wheat – Moong, Rice – Toria
Zone – III: Rice – Wheat, Rice – Gram, Rice – Lentil,
Rice – Rai
Natural Calamity - A curse of Bihar
Agriculture in the state is prone to natural calamity.
1. North Bihar districts are affected by the recurrent
flood.
2. South Bihar districts are prone to lack of rainfall.
Still Bihar is in Progress
The coverage under rice, wheat, maize and oilseeds is
increased by 9.6, 6.7, 2.0 and 1 per cent respectively
in 2008-09 from 2004-05,
The area under total pulses decrease to about 10 per
cent (Graph 1).
The productivity trend shows a positive slope over the
same period (Graph 2).
Area under different crops Productivity trend of different crops
40 3000
35 2500
30
Area (Lakh Ha.)
2000 Rice
25
Kg./Ha.
Wheat
20 1500 Total Maize
2004-05
15 2005-06 Total Pulses
1000 Total Oilseeds
10 2006-07
2007-08
5 500
2008-09 (Last est.)
0
0
Total Maize
Rice
Oilseeds
Total Pulses
Wheat
Total
(Last est.)
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
Name of the crop Year
Funding of the Project
Sl. Component Activities Total Cost
No (Rs lakh)
Demonstration(Hybrid Rice with S.R.I. Technique, Hybrid Rice with
Rice (Kharif) P.P.C), Seed distribution of Hybrid and High yielding varieties,
1 Rice (Summer) capacity building, Distribution of micro nutrients, weedicides and 1985.23
Boro Rice Plant Protection Chemicals, demonstration of Summer Rice and Boro
Rice, Distribution of seed of Summer Rice and Boro Rice.
Demonstration (With S.W.I. Technique) Distribution of HYV seed,
2 Wheat Micro-nutrients & Pump sets for irrigation and contingency. 1987.16
Demonstration, seed distribution, capacity building
(farmers/officers), Distribution of Irrigation Pipes, Plant Protection
3 Maize 423.33
chemicals & equipments, Distribution of Micro -nutrients and
weedicides, Contingency.
Demonstration, Seed Distribution of Maize & Arhar, Distribution of
Intercropping of
4 Rhizobium Culture, Plant Protection equipments, Plant protection 246.39
Maize+Arhar
chemicals/Bio-pesticides.
Demonstration, Distribution of Seed Sprinkeler Sets, Rhizobium
5 Pulse Production 699.05
culture, Plant Protection implements and Plant Protection Chemicals.
Intercropping of seed distribution of Lentil, Green gram, Rajmah, Black gram,
6 391.00
sugarcane coriander and Potato.
Reclamation of Reclamation of acidic & sodic soil in different districts of Bihar.
7 662.18
acidic and sodic soil
Total Amount 6394.34
Strateg y for Rice :
Average productivity is about 1.6 tonne/ha.
The major constraints in production are:- Flash floods and
submergence, drought in uplands, zinc deficiency and bacterial
blight.
Appropriate technological interventions and strategies are:-
•Cultivation of short duration and drought tolerant varieties.
•Propagation of HYV and Hybrid varieties
•Cultivation of bacterial blight resistant varieties
•Application of zinc sulphate in zinc-deficient areas.
•Propagation of SRI Technology.
•Propagation of Boro rice
•Replacement of long duration varieties with short and medium
Component Physical target Financial target
(Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration
SRI (Hybrid Rice) 8463 No. 253.89
PPC (Hybrid Rice) 8463 No. 253.89
Distribution of Seed
Hybrid Rice 1692.6 M.T. 338.52
HYV Rice 734.2 M.T. 36.71
Capacity Building
Exposure visit 534 No. 26.70
Training 8462 No. 152.32
Participation in Kisan Mela 3000 No. 48.00
Micro Nutrient Distribution 91386 Ha. 456.93
Contingency 28.99
Total 1595.95
Component Physical Financial target
target (Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration 1810 no. 181
Distribution of Seed 1810 qtls. 9.05
Farmers/ Officers 14 no. 1.40
Training
P.P. Equipment 3450 no. 69.00
Weedicide & P.P. 6900 ha. 34.50
Chemicals
Contingency 7.00
Total 301.95
Component Physical Financial target
target (Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration 105 No. 10.50
Distribution of Seed 525 qt. 2.63
Farmers/ Officers 27 No. 2.70
Training
P.P. Equipment 2300 No. 46.00
Weedicide & P.P. 4200 Ha. 21.00
Chemicals
Contingency 4.50
Total 87.33
Strategy for Wheat
Bihar is potentially an important wheat growing state
and the productivity is 2.3 tonnes/ha.
The major constraints in production are:- low seed
replacement rates, late sowing, low farm mechanization and
foliar blight disease.
Suitable technological interventions are:-
Timely sowing and harvesting
Replacement with short and medium duration varieties
Site specific nutrient management.
Mechanization (Combine Harvesting & Zero Tillage Sowing
FIRBS and laser land levelling).
Growing salinity/alkalinity tolerant varieties
Use of improved varieties
Strateg y for Wheat Production
Component Physical Financial target
target (Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration (SWI Tech.) 16924 No. 676.96
Distribution of Seed 30000 Qt. 150.00
Micronutrient Distribution 59000 Ha. 295.00
Pump set Distribution 8462 No. 846.20
Contingency 19.00
Total 1987.16
Strategy for Maize
Average productivity is 6 tonnes/ha, with levels up
to 8 tonnes/ha also recorded in farmer’s fields.
Potential to achieve 12 tonnes/ha.
Interventions for enhancing productivity
are:
• Seed production of QPM hybrids within the state
Cultivation of QPM hybrids
Winter maize as a better alternative to wheat under
rice-wheat system due to rising temperature
Intercropping with potato, pea (for green pod) and
vegetables in winter maize for additional income
Promotion of maize based processing industry
(animal feed, corn oil, starch, ethanol etc).
In diara area promotion of maize
Component Physical Financial target
target (Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration 1200 no. 48.00
Distribution of Seed 2400 qtls. 28.80
Farmers Training 120 no. 18.00
Officer's Training 41 no. 6.56
IMP/FFS Training 120 no. 27.22
Irrigation Pipe 1070 no. 160.50
P.P. Equipment 2500 no. 50.00
Micronutrient Distribution 2500 ha. 12.50
Bio-Incentive 2500 ha. 37.00
Weedicide/P.P. Chemical 3750 no. 18.75
Contingency 16.00
Total 423.33
Strategy for Pulses
Productivity in the state is greater than All-India.
Strategies to further enhance its productivity.
Large rice fallow areas can be brought under Urad, Moong
and other pulses.
Popularization of High yielding varieties supported by
strong seed programme
Rehabilitation of gram in Agro-climatic Zone-I after
harvest of medium and late rice
Promotion of seed treatment and Use of bio-fertilizer.
Improvement in farm drainage to mitigate problem of
water logging
Tal area promoted as efficient pulses cultivation of gram
and lentil as sole crops as well as intercrop with wheat.
Financial target
Component Physical target
(Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration 6820 acre 136.40
Distribution of Seed 3410 qtls. 40.92
Sprinkler Set 3410 Acre 375.10
Rhizobium Culture 3410 Packet 1.71
P.P. Equipment 6820 No. 136.40
P.P. Chemical 1705 ha. 8.53
Total 699.05
Intercropping
Intercropping of Arhar and maize:-
• The area under Arhar is shrinking due to long duration
crop.
• This crop is quit suitable for intercropping with maize to
enhance the production of Arhar in the State.
• Maize will be a bonus crop in this scheme for the benefit
of farmers.
Intercropping of Arhar and maize
Component Physical Financial target
target (Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration 2540 ha. 152.40
Distribution of Maize Seed 300 qtls. 3.60
Distribution of Arhar Seed 475 qtls. 5.70
Distribution of Rhizobium 4750 No. 1.19
P.P. Equipment 3400 No. 68.00
P.P. Chemical/Bio-incentive 3100 qtls. 15.50
Total 246.39
Intercropping Sugarcane with Pulses,
Coriander and Potato: -
2.5 to 2.8 lakh ha. Area is under sugarcane.
There is a great scope of intercropping in this region.
Intercropping Sugarcane with Pulses,
Coriander and Potato
Component Physical Financial target
target (qtls.) (Lakh Rupees)
Distribution of Seed
Lentil 3000 36.00
Rajmah 5000 60.00
Black Gram 3000 36.00
Coriander 750 9.00
Potato 80000 160.00
Green Gram 7500 90.00
Total 391.00
Integrated Nutrient Management
Bio-fertilizers i.e. Blue- Green algae & azolla,
azotobacter, PSB, VAM, green manuring etc. may be
promoted among the farmers.
Distribution of micronutrients
To replenish the deficiency of soil micronutrients
namely Zinc, boron etc. is proposed to be given to the
farmers.
Application of Gypsum/Pyrites
Rajendra Agriculture University, Pusa has identified
areas having soil with alkaline reaction. Farmers of the
districts will be incentivised to use gypsum and pyrites
to correct the soil reaction and physical condition
Reclamation of Acidic and sodic soil
Component Physical Financial target
target (hac.) (Lakh Rupees)
Acidic Soil Reclamation 112604 563.02
Sodic Soil Reclamation 19833 99.16
Total 662.18
Expected outcome after the implementation
of the project
Present Targeted Present Targeted
Name of the Area
Productivity Productivity Production Production
Crop (Lakh Ha.)
(Qtls./Ha) (Qtls./Ha) (Lakh M.T.) (Lakh M.T.)
HYV Rice 30.04 16.00 22.50 56.24 67.59
Hybrid Rice 2.18 58.00 12.64
Boro &
2.93 17.81 25.70 1.87 7.53
summer Rice
Total Rice 35.15 16.90 35.56 58.11 87.76
Wheat 21.31 23.80 30.00 50.71 63.93
Kharif Maize 2.58 16.78 18.01 4.33 4.64
Rabi Maize 2.06 35.97 38.65 7.41 7.96
Summer
1.81 31.55 33.35 5.71 6.04
Maize
Total Maize 6.45 28.10 30.00 17.45 18.64
Total Pulses 6.10 9.00 12.00 5.49 7.32