STAR Test Basics Name: ______________________
S-07-08 Period: _______
Date: ____________________
X each item you knew before reading the item. Leave blank each item you did not know.
Linear Motion and Force
___ 1. vs means versus; versus means depending on; range vs. angle means range depending on angle
___ 2. motion sensors measure position, velocity, and acceleration
___ 3. photo gates measure velocity and acceleration
___ 4. objects on earth accelerate in free fall at 9.8 m/s/s
___ 5. an object that accelerates more has dots on a motion map more spread out
___ 6. a hypothesis is a guess or estimate of what might happen in an experiment
___ 7. friction is a force opposite to the motion of an object
___ 8. friction occurs when one object slides or rolls over another object
x
___ 9. v
t
___ 10. know how to do long division
___ 11. equilibrium means Fx 0 and Fy 0 and acceleration = zero
___ 12. weight is the same thing as force of earth
___ 13.Fnet = ma
n m
___ 14. 2
kg s
___ 15. two objects always create exactly one force
___ 16. the velocity of an object thrown straight up is zero at the top
mm
___ 17. force between two objects F G 1 2 2 , force depends on mass and distance between masses
r
Circular Motion
___ 18. in circular motion, the net force is always toward the center of the circle
___ 19. in satellite motion the net force is always toward the center of the earth
___ 20. if net force in circular motion is removed, the object moves in a straight line
Energy
1
___ 21. E m v 2 for the kinetic energy of moving objects
2
___ 22. total kinetic energy is the sum of the individual kinetic energies
___ 23. E mgh for gravitational potential energy
Momentum
___ 24. p mv calculates momentum
m m
___ 25. the units of momentum are kg ; note that a kg N s
s s
___ 26. momentum is conserved in every event when no outside forces act on a system
___ 27. (m1v1 m2 v2 )initial (m1v1 m2 v2 ) final shows conservation of momentum
Thermodynamics
___ 28. temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules
___ 29. objects at a high and low temperature brought together end up at a temperature between the
high and low
Name: ________________________ Period: ______
___ 30. a heat engine takes energy from moving molecules and makes an object move
___ 31. randomly moving molecules have thermal energy U
___ 32. moving objects have mechanical energy E
___ 33. mechanical energy is kinetic energy E, elastic energy E, or gravitational energy E
___ 34. work W is energy transfer of energy to or from an object
___ 35. heat is energy transfer of thermal energy Q
___ 36. E is energy, W is work, U is thermal energy, and Q is heat,
___ 37. E, W, U, and Q all mean energy
___ 38. W and Q mean energy moved into or out of something, there fore they are Δ’s
___ 39. E and U mean energy something has
___ 40. energy U of a heat engine increases as heat energy Q is input into the engine
___ 41. energy U of a heat engine decreases when it does work W on an object
___ 42. heat engines operate by getting energy Q from a hot reservoir and giving energy W to an object
___ 43. heat engines can also give Q to a cold reservoir and receive energy W from an object
___ 44. heat engines like your car engine go through cycles of giving and receiving energy
___ 45. heat engines change heat energy Q into mechanical energy W or they change mechanical
energy W into heat energy Q
___ 46. the first law of thermodynamics is ΔU = Q – Wout or ΔU = Q + Win
E W
___ 47. power P is change in energy divided by change in time; P or P
t t
___ 48. gas pressure in a closed container increases with temperature increase
___ 49. gas pressure in a closed container decreases with volume increase
___ 50. entropy means disorder
___ 51. solids have more order than liquids, liquids have more order than gasses
Waves, Sound, and Light
___ 52. waves transfer energy
___ 53. waves have properties of wavelength , period, velocity, and frequency
___ 54. the high part of a wave is a crest, the low part is a trough
___ 55. a wavelength is the distance from crest to crest or trough to trough
___ 56. period is the time it takes a wave to repeat
___ 57. frequency is the number of repeats of a wave per second
___ 58. frequency is measured in Hz, a Hz = 1/s
1 1
___ 59. f t
t f
___ 60. v f velocity of a wave is its frequency times its wave length
___ 61. transverse waves look like sine waves
___ 62. longitudinal waves look like a pulse running through a spring
___ 63. mechanical waves travel in mater like air, wood, metal, or the earth
___ 64. electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space or air
___ 65. electromagnetic waves are transverse waves
___ 66. sound waves travel in air or other objects
___ 67. sound waves cannot be heard at the earth’s moon since earth’s moon has virtually no air
___ 68. waves bend for different reasons called reflection, refraction, and diffraction
___ 69. reflection is like a bouncing back so that the angle into the barrier = the angle out of the barrier
___ 70. refraction is bending do to a density change such as light waves bending as they go through
glass or water
___ 71. diffraction is bending through an opening such as sound waves bending through a doorway into
a classroom from sound made down the hall
Name: ________________________ Period: ______
___ 72.Doppler is a change in frequency of a wave due to the source moving such as the sound of a fire
engine changing as it goes past you
___ 73. a sound moving toward you sounds higher in frequency because of the Doppler affect
Electricity and Magnetism
___ 74. electrons have a property called negative charge and protons have positive charge
___ 75. electric charge is measured in coulombs, C
___ 76. two positive or two negative charges have force repelling each other
___ 77. a positive and negative charge have a force attracting each other
___ 78. electrons can easily move on conductors made of metal
___ 79. electrons cannot easily move on insulators like rubber
___ 80. moving electrons on a wire is called electric current
___ 81. electric current is measured in amperes, A; A = C/s
___ 82. electric potential difference makes electrons move in a wire
___ 83. batteries and generators can produce an electric potential difference
___ 84. electric potential difference is measured in Volts, V
___ 85. resistance retards the flow of electric current
___ 86. resistance is measured in Ohms and the symbol is omega, Ω
___ 87. a series circuit has one resistor after another
___ 88. compute total resistance in a series circuit by adding the resistances
___ 89. Ohm’s law shows that V = IR in an electric circuit
___ 90. power in an electric circuit P=IV and P=I2R
___ 91. magnetism can be created from wires carrying electric current
___ 92. right hand rules are used to tell the direction of magnetic fields
___ 93. right hand wire rule: thumb of the right hand in the direction of the current, fingers of the right
hand wrap in the direction of the magnetic field
___ 94. solenoid rule: fingers of the right hand in the direction of the electric current, thumb points in
the direction of the magnetic field
Plasma
___ 95. high energy creates plasma, atoms that are missing electrons
___ 96. high temperatures can create plasma such as temperatures found in the sun and starts
Transistors
___ 97. transistors amplify signals
___ 98. transistors come in NPN and PNP types; N and P refer to the doping material
___ 99. computer circuits are made with integrated circuits that act like transistors
After a break, go through the list a second time and X the items you now know.
Go through the list a third time the day before the STAR physics test.
Write the time and date you carefully read the list above.
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Time Date Signed
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Time Date Signed
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Time Date Signed