Session

UNITED EP

NATIONS

Distr.

LIMITED

United Nations

Environment UNEP(DEC)/CAR WG.24/INF.4

Programme 9 April 2003



ENGLISH

Original: ENGLISH





Second Meeting of the Interim Scientific, Technical

and Advisory Committee (ISTAC) to the Protocol

Concerning Pollution from Land-Based Sources

and Activities in the Wider Caribbean (LBS)



Managua, Nicaragua, 12-16 May 2003









DRAFT



REPORT OF THE IMO/UNEP-CAR/RCU WORKSHOP ON

MARINE POLLUTION PREVENTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

OF PORTS IN THE WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION

UNITED

NATIONS









United Nations International Date: August 2002

Environment Maritime

Programme Organization Original: ENGLISH





Workshop on Marine Pollution Prevention

and Environmental Management in Ports in

the Wider Caribbean Region



Ocho Rios, Jamaica, 20-24 May 2002









REPORT OF THE WORKSHOP







DRAFT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

RECOMMENDATIONS



1 Sewage management is an issue of major concern in all Caribbean countries. It is

also the priority of the UNEP Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine

Environment from Land-based Activities (UNEP-GPA) and the Land-based Sources Protocol

to the Cartagena Convention. The emphasis of the GPA and this Protocol in relation to

sewage management is to facilitate the development of appropriate sewage treatment facilities

in the region. Parties to the London Convention and MARPOL 73/78 could complement

these activities by providing:



.1 information on alternative/beneficial uses of sewage sludge (production of

which will increase with the expansion of sewage treatment facilities);



.2 information on pre-treatment programmes for industry discharges to sewer

collection systems to ensure that sewage sludge is not contaminated and

exceed criteria for land disposal or beneficial use;



.3 assistance if any Caribbean countries consider sea disposal of sewage sludge;

and



.4 assistance in addressing the problem of sewage waste from ships - especially

cruise ships.



Administrations should develop incentives to encourage homeowners to link up to sewage

collection and treatment systems, or to install systems, which protect water quality and human

health.



2 Regulation of the impacts of cruise ships: an international approach is needed to the

regulation of waste waters and solid wastes from cruise ships; development of standards is

needed for (1) management of sewage and other wastes generated on board cruise ships and

(2) implementation of those standards (e.g. monitoring of waste discharges); the possibility of

introducing an "environmental tax" on tourists on board cruise ships should be considered to

fund programmes which would enhance coastal water quality, as in the case of the

Organization of the Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) GEF/OECS Solid and Ship-Generated

Waste Management Project.



3 Port reception facilities: The establishment of port reception facilities to receive ship

generated waste in the Wider Caribbean Region under MARPOL 73/78, in particular for

Annex I (oily wastes), Annex IV (sewage), and Annex V (garbage) should be promoted

without delay, also to give effect to the special area designation of the Region under Annex V.

Problems to be overcome include transportation of the wastes, building and operation of

landfills, and construction and operation of treatment facilities. Assistance was requested

with respect to design of facilities and process requirements.



4 Solid waste management is also a general problem since most countries do not have

adequate sanitary landfill sites. Steps need to be taken to facilitate a regional approach to the

establishment of facilities for the re-use/recycling or proper disposal of used oils, POPs,

pesticides, and solid wastes such as plastics, tyres, car bodies, batteries, and asbestos. The

possible role of private enterprise in this initiative would need to be investigated. A regional

policy is needed regarding the importation of used cars (near the end of their life that include

hazardous materials such as lead batteries) and other products (e.g. used cell phones) as a

“means” of disposing of these products that, in the not too distant future, become a waste

problem in developing countries in the Wider Caribbean Region.



5 Dredging and dredged material management are critical needs in the Wider

Caribbean Region and enhanced management of dredged materials is needed.



.1 When dredging near sensitive ecosystems such as coral reefs, special

measures should be used to control dispersion of turbidity.



.2 Co-ordination of dredging plans should be promoted countrywide and

regionally to share dredge mobilization costs and environmental impact

assessment costs.



.3 Dredged material should be promoted as a resource and used in beneficial

manner, such as in beach nourishment or in wetlands/habitat restoration,

creation or enhancement.



6 A project to promote sound ballast water management should be established. For

this purpose, Colombia will present a proposal for assessment of the transfer of non-

indigenous aquatic organisms through ballast water in the Wider Caribbean Region for the

future IMO Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and

Sediments, possibly as an extension of the current GEF/UNDP/IMO Ballast Water

Management Programme (GloBallast).



7 There is a need to enhance the capacities and capabilities for emergency response

and preparedness in case of chemical spills in ports in the Wider Caribbean Region. In

addition, each country should develop their own regulations for use of oil spill dispersants

with emphasis on defining special areas for use of the dispersants. Complementing that

effort, a regionally coordinated approach should be developed in the Wider Caribbean

Region.



8 Regular training and capacity building activities should be supported in various

areas, such as operation and maintenance of sewage treatment and port reception facilities,

and waste management practices in general. Employee advancement and turnover resulting in

loss of employee expertise is noted as a challenge in some countries.



.1 The communication and co-ordination between countries in the Wider

Caribbean Region should be improved (e.g. regarding the transfer of non-

indigenous aquatic organisms through ballast water), and possibly through the

establishment of technical working groups (email networks of contacts) on

these issues.

.2 Scientific/technical resources in the region: A directory of scientific/

technical resources (e.g. certified or accredited laboratories/consultants) in the

region should be developed. Such directory could possibly be accessed on the

UNEP Regional website and distributed through other suitable means.



9 Continued assistance is needed with development of legislation, standards, and

guidelines and the establishment of administrative institutional structures to support the

implementation of international agreements in the Wider Caribbean Region. Suggested

approaches include development of model legislation, or possibly using existing model

legislation from other areas of the world. Exchange of existing legislation between countries

of the Wider Caribbean Region is encouraged.



10 Development of awareness-raising programmes is needed to make the general

public aware of the benefits of high coastal water quality (for tourism, fisheries and amenity

purposes). Initiatives should be developed to increase environmental awareness and to

mobilize and maintain the political will to deal with environmental issues in the Wider

Caribbean Region.



11 Capacities should be developed in the Wider Caribbean Region for valuation of

marine resources, both for resource use management and for liability and compensation

purposes.



12 Bulky Waste Disposal: An evaluation of the disposal of bulky waste in the region is

needed, with the aim of developing recommendations regarding future regulation of the

activity. Unregulated dumping of appliances and other bulky items has occurred in the

Bahamas, whereas dumping of these types of items is now regulated in OECS States.



13 Shipments of radioactive wastes through the Wider Caribbean Region: Countries

in the Wider Caribbean Region should be notified in advance of shipments of radioactive

materials through the Region.



14 A regional policy is needed on creation of artificial reefs including siting,

construction and types of materials used for artificial reefs. One key element of the policy

should be that tyres should not be used in artificial reef construction.



15 There is a need to promote the establishment of catchment area management

programmes to reduce siltation in bays with consequent impacts on coral reefs and

navigation channels.



16 A status report on decommissioning activities of offshore oil & gas platforms in the

Wider Caribbean Region should be developed, possibly as a basis for a regional approach.

The London Convention Guidelines for Assessment of Platforms or other Man-Made

Structures at Sea may be useful in assessing potential management options including waste

prevention, recycling, and disposal at sea.

17 A status report should be developed on dumping activities carried out and dumping

sites in the Wider Caribbean Region for consideration under the Cartagena Convention and

the London Convention 1972.



18 Accession by countries in the Wider Caribbean Region to the IMO Convention on

the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling-Systems on Ships, 2001, should be promoted. In

addition, the application of best management practices should be promoted for the handling of

TBT paint chip flakes, especially in dry-docking facilities.





***

CONTENTS



Page



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



RECOMMENDATIONS



CONTENTS



1 Welcome and Introduction.….…………………………………………………… .. 1

IMO…….……………………………………………………………………………. 1

UNEP…..………………………………………………………………………….…. 2

NEPA…..…………………………………………………………………………..… 2

Ministry of Transport and Works, Jamaica.………..………………………………. .. 3

2 Workshop Objectives...……..……………………………………………………. ... 4

3 Legal Framework for Marine Pollution Management…..…………………….…. 5

London Convention………………………………………………………………...... 5

MARPOL 73/78.…………………………………………………………….……... .. 6

Global Programme of Action (GPA).………………………………………………... 6

Cartagena Convention.…………………………………………………………….. ... 7

4 Environmental Management in Ports: Identification of Issues……………..… ... 7

Port Reception Facilities…………..………………………………………………. ... 7

Global Ballast Water Management Programme…..……………………………… .... 9

Dredging of Ports and Marinas...……….………..……………………………….. .... 10

Oil Spills in Ports…………………………………………………………………. .... 11

Land-based Discharges….……………………………………………………… ....... 12

TBTs…………………………………………………………………………….….... 12

Case studies: Trinidad, Venezuela, East Asia.…..………………………………… ... 13

5 Waste Management in the Wider Caribbean Region..…..……………………… . 15

Overview of Waste Management in the Wider Caribbean Region ………………… . 15

Case Studies: Costa Rica, St. Lucia..…..………..………………………………… ... 16

6 Introduction to Waste Assessment Guidance...……………………..…………… 18

Key Components of Waste Assessment Guidance.……………………………….. ... 18

Waste Characterization for Disposal at Sea.………...…………………………….. ... 18

Waste Management Options/Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring ..... 19

Identification of Disposal Sites for Disposal of Wastes at Sea……………………. ... 20

Case Studies: Dutch Experience, Jamaica…………………………………………. .. 21



Annex I: Workshop Programme

Annex II: List of Participants

Annex III: National Reports

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Page 1





1 WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION Rear Admiral Peter Brady, Director General,

Maritime Authority of Jamaica (MAJ).



1.1 In his welcome address, MAJ Director General Brady indicated that the IMO/UNEP

Workshop on Marine Pollution Prevention and Environmental Management in Ports in the

Wider Caribbean Region was a remarkable event, especially at a time when in the shipping

world there was strong focus on security issues. However, in the context of this Workshop,

the event was also remarkable in respect of the environmental protection of an important body

of water in the region. In this connection, he pointed out that participants have come together

to discuss, debate, establish and implement measures for a cleaner Caribbean Sea.



1.2 Director General Brady welcomed all participants to Jamaica and to Ocho Rios, and

assured them that Jamaica took pleasure in hosting and sharing experiences with the

45 participants at the 2002 Ocho Rios Workshop. He took the opportunity to encourage

delegates to go on the field trip to Kingston Harbour on Wednesday (Day 3 of the Workshop)

aboard the US EPA vessel that is in the process of dredging the harbour.



1.3 Finally, Director General Brady introduced the following agencies and invited their

representatives to address the Opening Ceremony:



- IMO (International Maritime Organization) – Office for the London

Convention: Mr. René Coenen, IMO/London Convention;



- UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) – Regional Coordinating

Unit: Mr. Tim Kasten, Acting Deputy Coordinator;



- NEPA (National Environment and Planning Agency): Mr. Franklin

McDonald, Chief Executive Officer; and



- Ministry of Transport and Works, Jamaica: Dr. Alwin Hales, Permanent

Secretary



IMO



1.4 Mr. René Coenen welcomed delegates to the opening of the IMO/UNEP Workshop.

He explained that while the main mission of the IMO was to work together with its

162 member states for “safer shipping and cleaner oceans” worldwide, a secondary but

important function of the IMO was to administer the London Convention 1972 – a convention

that governs marine pollution prevention from dumping of wastes and other matter – hence

the inclusion on the Workshop programme of waste management issues (e.g. dredged material

management).



1.5 Mr. Coenen reminded participants that the overall theme of the Workshop was the

promotion and implementation of international agreements to protect the marine and coastal

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Page 2





environment and to ensure co-operation within and between countries in the Wider Caribbean

Region to achieve that protection.



1.6 He outlined the importance of international agreements to the work of the IMO, and

pointed out the challenges that the international community faced in its efforts to assist

countries in implementing these agreements. In this regard, he highlighted the co-operation

programme established in 1997 under the London Convention Technical Co-operation and

Assistance Programme, and informed participants that this 2002 Ocho Rios Workshop was

the fourth in a series of similar workshops held under this co-operation programme.



1.7 Mr. Coenen posed further challenges, urging that delegates address them in the course

of their deliberations. These included identifying practical solutions to individual situations,

feedback on case studies presented, sharing concerns and ideas, and thinking strategically

about co-operation opportunities.



1.8 Finally Mr. Coenen expressed his appreciation to the sponsors and hosts of the

Workshop.



UNEP



1.9 Mr. Kasten welcomed the participants and wished them a productive meeting. He

expressed his pleasure at coordinating this event with the London Convention 1972 on a topic

of such critical importance to the wider Caribbean. He noted that while UNEP tried to do as

much as possible through the CEP for the protection of the marine environment, he realized

the absolute necessity of coordinating these efforts with other instruments. To this end, he

hoped that this meeting would mark the beginning of a fruitful relationship for both the

London Convention and the Cartagena Convention for the Protection and Development of the

Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region.



NEPA

1.10 Mr. McDonald underscored Jamaica’s recognition of the need to treat the management

of those marine and land based activities that affect the country’s fragile marine and coastal

ecosystems as a national priority. In this context, he identified initiatives taken by Jamaica

over the past three decades at the national and regional level that attest to that country’s

involvement in the governance and management of coastal, marine and ocean resources, and

its commitment to the stewardship of these resources.



1.11 At the international level, Mr. McDonald recognized the challenges and opportunities

presented by the London Convention (ratified in 1991), and the relevance of this Convention

to Jamaica’s maritime regime, particularly in light of the recent thrust (i.e. the formation of

the National Council on Oceans and Coastal Zone Management) towards integrated coastal

zone management. It was noted that Jamaica’s new status as an archipelagic state now

challenges that country with management responsibility for a relatively large marine space,

24 times its land area. Consistent with the multilateral agreements to which Jamaica has

committed itself:

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Page 3







.1 the NEPA (implementing arm of the National Resources Conservation

Authority – NRCA) ensures the application of principles consistent with the

Dredged Material Assessment Framework and the Waste Assessment

Guidelines;



.2 local laws, including the Shipping Act of Jamaica and the Marine Pollution

Bill, have been recently revised; and



.3 closer working relations have been developed with the Maritime Authority of

Jamaica, and with NEPA stakeholders (e.g. the Port Authority of Jamaica

which exercises statutory jurisdiction over ship channels).



1.12 In his concluding remarks, Mr. McDonald observed that the workshop was well timed

and represented a regional effort at addressing the challenges and grasping the opportunities

associated with the Convention. He hoped that the deliberations would be successful and

would produce the kind of linkages necessary for regional co-operation and provide a

sustainable context of governance over the region’s shared marine ecosystems and associated

coastal resources.



Ministry of Transport & Works (Jamaica)



1.13 Mr. Hales welcomed participants on behalf of the Government of Jamaica, and

expressed his confidence that the shared experiences coming out of the Workshop would

redound to the benefit of the states in the Wider Caribbean and to the health of the region’s

sensitive marine environment.



1.14 Mr. Hales explained that the Maritime Authority of Jamaica (MAJ) as a statutory body

of the Ministry of Transport and Works has the responsibility of ensuring that maritime

transportation and related activities are conducted in accordance with government policies and

plans for the development of the sector and consistent with national and international

standards of maritime safety and pollution prevention.



1.15 Mr. Hales explained further that the Maritime Authority is the focal point for the

International Maritime Organization (IMO) in Jamaica and, in this regard, has supported the

IMO on environmental and other issues of safety and security. He assured participants that all

major marine environmental protection conventions relating to the prevention, response and

compensation with regard to pollution damage have been signed by Jamaica, and are currently

being incorporated into legislation which, when passed, will provide a comprehensive legal

framework aimed at protecting Jamaica’s fragile ecosystem.



1.16 Mr. Hales referred to the London Convention 1972, which was ratified by Jamaica in

1991. He said that the MAJ works closely with NEPA, the national authority designated to

control all sources of marine pollution and to prevent such pollution through the regulation of

disposal at sea in Jamaica. He further disclosed that Jamaica has yet to ratify the 1996

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Page 4





Protocol, with additional objectives that include a ‘reverse list’ which prohibits all dumping at

sea unless special permits are granted.



1.17 In concluding, Mr. Hales pointed out that the Government of Jamaica fully recognized

the need for a multi-sectoral approach, with co-operation at the national and international

level, to ensure the protection of the country’s marine environment and coastal zone. To this

end, the government has established an inter-agency body, the Council on Ocean and Coastal

Zone Management. He commended the collaborative efforts of the national and international

agencies involved in organizing the workshop, and felt that this reflected the co-operation

needed to tackle the marine environment issues contained in the very comprehensive

workshop agenda.





2 WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES



2.1 Dr. Lynn Jackson, chairperson of the London Convention Scientific Group (technical

advisory body of the LC), first presented the contextual framework of the workshop theme:



.1 Provisions of the London Convention and the 1996 Protocol aimed at

advancing the objectives of the legal instruments were first developed in 1996

and further elaborated into a full Technical Co-operation and Assistance

Programme, adopted 1997—currently being developed further into a “Strategy

for Technical Co-operation and Assistance under the London Convention”.



.2 Objectives of the 1997 Programme as set out under the framework agreement

of 1996 are as follows:



.1 to promote membership of the Protocol;

.2 to strengthen national marine pollution prevention and management

capacities; and

.3 to co-operate with other organizations and agencies to ensure a

coordinated approach to technical co-operation and assistance.



.3 Programme activities to promote the above objectives include

meetings/workshops of the Scientific Group – since 1996 held in Brazil, South

Africa, Australia, and now here in Jamaica – the basic objective being to

identify technical co-operation and assistance needs. To this end, the Scientific

Group is seeking GEF funds to facilitate rapid assessment and implementation

of programmes to address those needs.



2.2 Against this background, Dr. Jackson outlined the Ocho Rios Workshop objectives

and structure.

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Page 5





Main objectives



The main objectives are:



.1 to increase awareness of the LC 1972 and LP 1996 and their relationship to

other relevant international agreements and programmes;



.2 to identify barriers to the implementation of LC in this region and to make

recommendations for overcoming them;



.3 to promote the use of WAGs developed under LC;



.4 to promote marine pollution and environmental management in ports by

highlighting issues of current concern;



.5 to identify barriers to the implementation of MARPOL, especially the

management of ship generated waste in ports; and



.6 to formulate a regional plan for addressing issues of common concern.



Basic structure



A Workshop deliberations



.1 marine pollution management: the legal framework;

.2 environmental management in ports: identification of the issues;

.3 waste management and waste assessment guidance; and

.4 country studies.



B Field trip to Kingston harbour



.1 visit to research US EPA vessel



C Working groups which will explore the following issues



.1 dredged material management;

.2 sewage and other organic waste; and

.3 bulky items/industrial.



2.3 Finally each country will be expected to present a brief report which will focus on an

assessment of the most pressing concerns, and will offer recommendations on the treatment of

these issues.

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Page 6





3 LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR MARINE POLLUTION MANAGEMENT



London Convention – Rene Coenen



3.1 Mr. René Coenen (IMO) presented a summary of the basic provisions of the London

Protocol of 1996, and its relationship with the London Convention 1972, from which it

originated, and other international agreements such as MARPOL 73/78 and the Basel

Convention. No dumping of wastes was allowed except for dredged material, sewage sludge,

fish waste, vessels and platforms, inert, inorganic geological materials, organic material of

natural origin and bulky wastes (steel, concrete items), for which the concern is physical

impact if generated on small islands with isolated communities. These wastes could,

however, only be dumped after a thorough assessment of all alternatives had shown that

dumping would be the option having the least impact on the environment and provided a prior

permit was issued.



3.2 He encouraged countries in the Wider Caribbean Region to join the Protocol by

describing the potential environmental, economic and other benefits, as well as costs of

accession. He indicated that, to date, 16 of the 26 countries required for the entry into force of

the Protocol had already ratified or acceded to it. Upon its entry into force, which was not

expected before 2004, the Protocol would replace the London Convention.



MARPOL 73/78 – Bertrand Smith



3.3 Mr. Bertrand Smith, representing the Maritime Authority of Jamaica, made a

presentation on the MARPOL 73/78 Convention (International Convention for the Prevention

of Pollution from Ships 1972 and its Protocol of 1978), in which he highlighted the

comprehensive nature of this instrument for the prevention of ship-source pollution arising

from operational and accidental discharges.



3.4 He gave a brief outline of MARPOL 73/78, indicating the six annexes contained in

MARPOL that specify technical standards. The annexes are as follows:



- Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil (Annex I);

- Regulations for the Control of Pollution of Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk

(Annex II);

- Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances carried by Sea in Packaged

Form (Annex III);

- Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships (Annex IV);

- Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships (Annex V); and

- Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil (Annex VI).



3.5 He deplored the fact that many Caribbean states had not yet taken the necessary steps

towards adherence to this most valuable of instruments and, in particular, the Caribbean,

which has not yet experienced a major pollution accident.

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Page 7





3.6 He cautioned against the region being used for the transport of substances as major

disasters may force ships to move to ‘friendlier’ areas as a result of previous disasters. The

Caribbean’s inertia with respect to signature of the MARPOL Convention was identified as

being linked to the lack of administrative capacity, political will and weak compliance

mechanisms such as detection, investigation and subsequent enforcement.



Global Programme of Action – Tim Kasten



3.7 Mr. Timothy Kasten, Acting Deputy Co-ordinator, UNEP Regional Co-ordinating

Unit (Kingston) gave a brief summary of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection

of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities (GPA), highlighting the raison d’être,

the status and the future of this initiative. He explained that this was a non-binding global

action programme, adopted in 1995, which aims at preventing the degradation of the marine

environment from land-based activities, including the physical alteration and destruction of

habitats. He pointed out that, given the tremendous importance of coasts and oceans, as well

as the deplorable state of the oceans, the GPA was the only international programme that

addressed the interface between land, fresh water, coasts, and oceans, specifying action at the

national level, with an emphasis on regional and international co-operation.



3.8 Although UNEP carries out the function of Secretariat, the GPA calls for regular

intergovernmental reviews. However, the first Intergovernmental Review Meeting revealed

that factors such as a lack of awareness, lack of political will, lack of financing and an

institutional divide between fresh water, coasts and the marine sectors were major

impediments to the GPA implementation. The future of the GPA, he stated, rested heavily on

moving from a state of planning to one of action over the next five years. It also implies

finding innovative ways to address known problems, finding new partnerships, appropriate

technology, new and additional financing, including better use of domestic resources.



Cartagena Convention



3.9 In his presentation of an overview of the Cartagena Convention for the Sustainable

Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean, Mr. Timothy Kasten

underscored the fact that it was the “only agreement developed by the countries of the Wider

Caribbean Region.” Indeed, the Cartagena Convention is the only legally binding regional

agreement of the Wider Caribbean for the protection and development of the marine

environment although other international or global agreements and programmes of action

abound including the Law of the Sea Convention, Agenda 21, GPA and the London Dumping

Convention. Adopted in 1983, the Convention entered into force in October 1986 and to date,

has been ratified by 21 countries of the Wider Caribbean Region.



3.10 The Cartagena Convention is an umbrella agreement that provides for general

obligations as well as the necessary legal and institutional arrangements for the operation of

the Convention, establishes mechanisms for regional co-operation and provides for the

adoption of more specific protocols.

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

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3.11 Specific areas of focus in the Convention include pollution from ships, dumping of

wastes, land-based sources, seabed activities, airborne pollution and specially protected areas.

These areas have given rise to the adoption of three protocols – the Oil Spills Protocol (1983),

the Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife Protocol (1990), and the Land-based Sources of

Marine Pollution Protocol (1999).





4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN PORTS: IDENTIFICATION OF

ISSUES



Port Reception Facilities (PRF) – Lt. Cdr. Curtis Roach



4.1 This presentation set out to examine the following areas:



Overview of port reception facilities



Under this item the following main points were addressed:



.1 discharge ashore as the preferred means of preventing pollution from ships by

ship generated waste;



.2 the role of MARPOL (International Convention on Marine Pollution

Prevention 1972 and its 1978 Protocol) in providing for PRF to receive ship

generated waste; and



.3 the requirement that PRF meet the needs of ships in port without causing

undue delay to the ships.



4.1 The presenter explained that MARPOL 73/78 – PRF requirements were contained in

the relevant sections of Annexes 1, II, IV, V and VI of the Convention, and characterized

special areas under these requirements as follows:



.1 areas identified in MARPOL as requiring special mandatory methods for the

prevention of sea pollution by oil spillage;



.2 PRF are doubly important in special areas; and



.3 special area status takes effect when all PRF required have been provided.



4.2 In this regard, he noted that although the Wider Caribbean Region was identified in

1993 as a special area under Annex V of MARPOL, this status has not yet been formalized.



4.3 Lt Cdr Roach concluded his overview by itemizing those substances requiring PRF,

viz. oil cargo residues, ship’s oily waste and oily ballast water; residues and mixtures

containing NLS; sewage; garbage; ozone depleting substances and equipment containing

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Page 9





them; exhaust gas cleaning residues. He added a list of IMO publications that he

recommended as relevant.



The Caribbean challenge



4.4 Under this item the presentation addressed the challenge of keeping the Caribbean

clean and free from pollution, particularly by oil and garbage. In this context, the following

relevant factors were highlighted:



.1 importance of tourism to Caribbean economies;



.2 huge maritime traffic (50% of the world’s cruise shipping; N/S and E/W

traffic);



.3 special area status (see above);



.4 treatment and final disposal of waste; and



.5 inadequate resources.



Some significant responses



4.5 This item examined some significant responses, citing the following agencies, and

identifying their respective projects, activities, objectives and main outcomes/

recommendations:



.1 WCISW 1994-1998 (GEF funded/executed by IMO). Objective: to support

ratification and implementation of MARPOL as well as to give effect to

special area designation under Annex V;



.2 IMO Forum on Marine Pollution Prevention in the Wider Caribbean Region

(Santo Domingo 1999). One of the main outcomes: the recommendation that

measures be taken to ensure that special area status for the Caribbean is in

effect by 2003;



.3 OECS Solid and Ship-generated Waste Management Project (initiated

1995/completion date – 2002). Objective: To protect coastal and maritime

systems by facilitating implementation of the Annex V special area status; and



.4 Waste Oil Management Project/Environmentally Sound Management of Used

Oils in the Caribbean. Coordinators: CARIRI/CEHI/BASEL Secretariat/

OECS.



4.6 The presenter concluded by recommending that:

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Page 10





- the Eastern Caribbean should have the necessary PRF in place to facilitate

early implementation of special area status under Annex V of the MARPOL

Convention, and



- the proposed waste oil project could facilitate a further proposal for Annex I

special area status for the Caribbean.



Global Ballast Water Management Programme - Dr. Lynn Jackson



4.7 The presentation first examined:



.1 The issue: identifying invasive marine species as one of four major threats to

the world’s oceans. In the critical area of shipping, which accounted for 80

percent of the world’s commodities and transfers 12 billion tones of ballast per

year, it was noted that 4,500 species of microbes, plants and animals were

carried at any one time. This leads to multiple area invasion of shipping

related vectors resulting, for example, in the fouling of vessel hulls, propeller

shafts, the sea chest and internal piping and of anchors. The obvious

ecological, economic, and human health impacts were highlighted.



.2 Case Studies: The European Zebra Mussel (Great Lakes) was identified as one

of the invasive species that infests 40 percent of US waterways and fouled

water intake pipes. The case of the Comb Jelly (Black Sea) was also cited.

This vector carried with it 1,000 million tones of biomass. In both cases

damage costs were massive, in the latter case recording US$500 million

annually.



4.8 Dr. Jackson updated participants on the response to the ballast water issue. At the

global level, the MEPC has a Ballast Water Working Group which has established a

comprehensive set of guidelines for the control and management of ships’ ballast water to

minimize the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens. She also reported that a

new mandatory regime was being developed for presentation at a conference targeted for

2003. Generally speaking, however, it was noted that there was, currently, no approach that

fully addressed the problem. To this end, the ongoing research and development efforts are

aimed at probing alternative methods such as filtration; several kinds of treatment (e.g. heat,

UV, ozone, chemical); and alternative ballast handling arrangements. Dr. Jackson described

the management programme as a co-operative initiative involving six demonstration

sites/regions, viz.



Sites:

Brazil, China, India, Iran, S. Africa, Ukraine



Regions:

London (IMO), New York (UNDP), Washington DC (GEF).

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

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4.9 She concluded by identifying the following development objectives:



.1 assistance to countries in regard to reducing the transfer of harmful organisms

in ships’ ballast water;



.2 increased adherence to current IMO voluntary guidelines; and



.3 assistance to countries in preparation for the implementation of the new IMO

mandatory regime.



Dredging of Ports and Marinas - Mr. Robert Engler



4.10 Mr. Robert Engler began his presentation by identifying the physical impacts of

dredging. He itemized these as follows:



.1 circulation changes (salinity);

.2 sediment removal;

.3 sediment resuspension (turbidity);

.4 habitat modification/loss;

.5 noise;

.6 entrainment;

.7 shipping increase (indirect);

.8 changes in waves/currents – erosion;

.9 recreation;

.10 archaeological assets; and

.11 fishery migration blockage.



4.11 He further identified the physical impacts in the area of disposal as follows:



.1 habitat loss/modification;

.2 sediment resuspension (turbidity);

.3 shipping impacts;

.4 fishing obstacles;

.5 circulation/wave attenuation;

.6 recreation impacts;

.7 mineral extraction;

.8 wetlands loss; and

.9 loss of aquatic vegetation.



4.12 The third area of impact was categorized as chemical (contaminated sediments), listed

as follows:



.1 water quality;

.2 toxicity to aquatic organisms;

.3 bioavailability;

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

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.4 fish movement impacts;

.5 human health concerns (body contact);

.6 contaminant redistribution;

.7 short and long term concerns; and

.8 recreation.



4.13 Fourthly, the biological impacts (contaminated sediments) were listed as follows:



.1 loss of species productivity;

.2 loss of species diversity;

.3 loss of fishery resources;

.4 bioaccumulation; and

.5 human health concerns (food).



4.14 Mr. Engler suggested, in conclusion, that all the above impacts can be mitigated

through appropriate pre-dredge assessment, disposal site selection, and monitoring

programmes. He added that there were no technology limitations.



Oil Spills in Ports - Mr. Rick Rodriguez



4.15 Mr. Rodriguez began by explaining briefly the role and function of the Regional

Marine Pollution Emergency, Information and Training Centre (REMPEITC-Carib) in

assisting countries in implementing the Cartagena Convention Oil Spill Protocol and the

OPRC Convention, with a view to achieving a sustainable marine environment.



4.16 In an effort to highlight the importance of REMPEITC-Carib’s role in preventing and

responding to major oil pollution incidents in the marine environment, Mr. Rodriguez

informed the Workshop that 80 percent of all goods are transported over water worldwide,

and that by 2004 it is projected that sea-borne trade will account for 5.34 billion tones

annually.



4.17 He went on to outline the tiered response to the management of oil pollution incidents

in the context of the port area, and identified the following tiers: the facility’s response plan;

the port emergency plan; the city and provincial emergency plans; the national emergency

plan; and finally, to conclude this graded response, the resources resulting from an appeal to

international organizations, a regional response centre or other foreign authority.



4.18 In order to combat such maritime accidents, in particular oil, gas and chemical

releases, a co-operative approach worldwide has been adopted and is rooted in regional and

bilateral agreements. The most important global instrument in this regard is the International

Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC), adopted in

1990.

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4.19 Mr. Rodriguez concluded by outlining the steps required by this Convention to

implement the oil pollution emergency plans established for all such incidents. These steps

involve:



.1 identifying the emergency response participants and establishing their roles,

resources and concerns;

.2 evaluating the risks and hazards that may result in emergency situations;

.3 emergency plan review;

.4 required response identification of tasks not covered by existing plans;

.5 matching of tasks to available resources;

.6 upgrading and integration of existing plans;

.7 obtaining of government approval of integrated community plans;

.8 education and training of participating groups, as well as educating the general

community about the integrated plan; and

.9 establishment of procedures for periodic testing, review and plan updating.



Land-based Discharges - Mr. Tim Kasten



4.20 Mr. Kasten pointed out that the issues and concerns regarding marine pollution from

land-based activity have been addressed by governments of the Wider Caribbean. He

indicated that GESAMP 1990 found that 80-90 percent of marine pollution was land based,

and disclosed, further, that the 1994 Caribbean Environment Programme (CEP) regional

survey results identified seven major categories of point sources with the largest pollutant

load. The pollutants of concern were characterized as sewage, hydrocarbons, sediments,

nutrients, pesticides and other toxic substances, solid waste and marine debris. He listed the

following survey conclusions:



.1 priority land-based sources: domestic wastewater; agricultural non-point

sources; and



.2 policies and tools as mechanisms to promote the control of the above sources:

integrated coastal area management; most appropriate technologies;

demonstrations; financial mechanisms.



4.21 In addition, legal and policy solutions included the 1995 Global Programme of Action;

the 1996-1999 negotiations on LBS Protocol to the Cartagena Convention; and the 1999

adoption of the LBS Protocol. The latter instrument was source-specific, and applied the

most appropriate technologies and best management practices with initial focus on domestic

sewage and agricultural non-point sources – the main objective being to provide small grants

to pilot innovative agricultural practices.



4.22 Mr. Kasten described in detail some of the current activities being developed by the

CEP. These projects include reducing pesticide run-off through improved management;

integrated coastal area planning and management; and sewage treatment activities.

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4.23 In conclusion, the presenter addressed the proposed GPA/Caribbean Clearinghouse

Node, a prototype to be used as an active and useful tool for Caribbean and extra-regional

countries with similar socio-economic conditions. It is expected that the clearinghouse

database will house and facilitate dissemination of information on preventing, reducing and

controlling pollution from land-based activities.



TBTs - Edward Kleverlaan



4.24 Mr. Edward Kleverlaan of Environment Australia focused on the topic of

Environment Management in Ports, providing an overview on TBT contamination in ports

and its impacts in the wider oceans. During a short historical discussion, he pointed out why

TBTs had been introduced in anti-fouling systems on ships’ hulls and why they proved to be

extremely effective in preventing marine organisms from attaching themselves to ships and

creating an uneven surface, thus reducing speed and manoeuvrability and increasing operating

costs. The environmental advantage of a decrease in the transport of marine pests through

international and coastal shipping was also underscored.



4.25 The presentation highlighted the harmful effects of organotins such as TBT on the

marine environment and the international campaign to remove it from the environment. This

work, spearheaded by the IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), had

culminated in the adoption of a new international Convention to ban the use, application and

ultimately the presence of organotins on ships by 2008.



4.26 The Government of Australia, under Australia’s Oceans Policy, will ban the use of

TBT by 2006 on vessels being repainted in Australian docks, unless the IMO sets an earlier

date for this ban. To this end, several government entities, as well as private sector interest

groups, are co-operating in the National Anti-fouling Paint Patch Trials in order to provide

effective biocidal alternatives and to reassure industry that normal commercial conditions will

persist after the ban.



Case Studies



Summary of Ports and Environmental Issues in Trinidad and Tobago – James Allen

Goodridge



4.27 A number of ports, sufferance ports, harbours, terminals, marinas, fishing centres and

anchorages that cater to the servicing of ships involved marina related activities that

contribute significantly to the economic development of Trinidad and Tobago. Most of these

ports and other facilities are located on the West Coast of Trinidad bordering the Gulf of

Paria. The major ports are the ports of Port of Spain, Point Lisas and Pointe-à-Pierre.



4.28 The volume and nature of ship traffic, the type of industrial, recreational and other

activities taking place in and around these ports, and the fact that there is a lack of dedicated

reception facilities for receiving the wastes from the ships calling at the ports pose a great

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

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threat by oil and other hazardous substances, garbage and sewage to Trinidad and Tobago’s

marine environment.



4.29 The possibility of accidental, intentional and operational discharge of oil, the

intentional dumping of garbage and sewage, the effects of the use of TBT in antifouling

paints, the destruction of wetland areas owing to port development and expansion (dredging

and reclamation) and the possible effect of these on marine life are among the threats to the

marine environment.



4.30 Studies are inconclusive at this time to indicate the contribution of port operations to

the pollution and degradation of the marine environment in Trinidad and Tobago in relation to

the significant part played by land-based activities. A precautionary approach should

therefore be adopted. A comprehensive policy and an integrated approach are needed that

take into consideration, inter alia, the impact of port operations on wetland areas. In addition,

the Shipping (Marine Pollution) Bill should be made law.



Control of Oil Pollution in Coastal and Marine Areas – Janin Mendoza



4.31 Miss Janin Mendoza (M.A.R.N., Venezuela) presented a paper entitled “Normas para

el Uso y Aplicación de Dispersantes en el Control de Derrames de Hidrocarburos en Zonas

Marino-Costeras” (Norms for the Use and Application of Dispersants in the Control of Oil

Waste in Coastal and Marine Areas) in which she pointed out that Venezuela, as a major oil-

producing nation, was particularly vulnerable to oil spills as more and more foreign

companies are involved in business activity in Venezuela, thereby increasing the possibility of

spills and related consequences.



4.32 She highlighted various options being considered by Venezuela for combating oil

spills, such as mechanical and natural disposal, in situ combustion, clean-up campaigns,

biodegradation speed-up and the use of chemical dispersants. Given the potential

environmental and operational consequences of this activity, those responsible for waste

disposal need to carefully address these consequences when deciding which strategy to

employ, bearing in mind the environmental benefits.



4.33 The norms presented attempted to establish a relationship between the oil spills

practices and the concept of environmental benefits, giving rise to an assessment of the

ecological, social, cultural and economic advantages and disadvantages as well as the various

actions that can be taken before a disaster occurs. This takes into consideration aspects such

as the quantity and quality of the crude oil spilt, potential for dilution of dispersants, water

temperature, toxicity, distribution and final outcome of dispersed and non-dispersed crude oil.

She also pointed out that one innovation had been the creation of a Technical Evaluation

Committee that would decide on a National Contingency Plan for the type of action to be

taken in the event of an oil spill. The Committee will also have responsibility for determining

special areas for application of dispersants or restriction of their use.

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Ship Wastes and Port Environmental Management –Scott McKnight



4.34 Mr. Scott McKnight of Land and Sea Environmental, Canada, provided a brief

overview of ship waste and port environmental management in which he narrowed the scope

of the problem to the presence of commercial shipping, yachts and urban wastes in ports. He

highlighted the international basis for ship-waste management such as MARPOL 73/78,

Regional Seas Agreements, Port State Control, MOUs, shipping with ISO 14001 registration,

national laws and development bank guidelines for port financing and expansion.



4.35 He further pointed to initiatives undertaken in Asia in general under the East Asia

Marine Waste Management Projects and, in particular, the China Ship Waste Project, the

Philippines Marine Environment Improvement Project (MEIP) and the Indonesia Port

Environment Improvement Project (PEIP). In the first case, the results were deemed

satisfactory, whereas in the other two cases the project could not proceed due to government

financial constraints. Mention was also made of the limited success of the OECS Waste

Management Project.



4.36 He concluded with a set of guidelines for port environmental management:

management of waste to comply with local laws or international conventions, management of

wastes to meet environmental stewardship goals, promotion of pollution prevention,

promotion of cleaner production, linking of port environmental management with coastal

environmental management issues and the linking of port environmental management with

urban environmental issues. For best results in environmental management, he reiterated that

it should address ship and port wastes, dredging and dredged material disposal, tier 1 and

tier 2 oil spill response, chemical spill response and treat the port as an environmental centre

with its own unique impacts.





5 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION



Overview of Waste Management in the Wider Caribbean Region - Derrick Balladin



5.1 Dr. Derrick Balladin of the Caribbean Industrial Research Institute presented an

overview of waste management in the Wider Caribbean Region.



5.2 He noted that within the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR) increases in population,

industrialization, consumerization, imported goods and travel activities have resulted in

higher levels of waste generation, and cruise ship tourism compounded by ship-generated

waste. In addition, solid waste management (SWM) in areas of concern such as public

awareness is extremely low: littering, poor storage, disposal by landfill, industrial and

commercial solid waste, are all relatively uncontrolled.



5.3 In the WASW Report No. 5, SWM programmes were described as weak in these main

areas – laws are old but adequate with minimum enforcement practised, inadequate budgets,

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increased public education drive, compounded by poor public participation; national

programmes are under-developed.



5.4 It can be noted that poor SWM is a very large challenge in the WCR, with most

countries lacking the required port facilities for Annex V of MARPOL 73/78 Convention.

This may lead to solid wastes being disposed of at sea, with the risk of being transported by

wind and currents to observable distances away from the discharge points. Other issues of

concern relate to the disposal of used oil, disposal of POPs, toxic waste (used lead-acid

batteries, asbestos, plastics, heavy metals and hospital waste streams).



5.5 Due to different reporting methods in many Caribbean countries, it is extremely

difficult to produce reliable statistics on the generation and cross-border movement of wastes.

According to 1999 Statistical reports from 36 Parties to the Basel Convention, about

200 million metric tonnes of hazardous waste were generated within the WRC, when

compared to a worldwide generation in excess of 400 million metric tonnes.



5.6 With respect to the future, consideration must be given to the identification of hidden

hazardous waste imports and life-cycle assessment for consumer products. In addition,

CARIRI, the Regional Centre for the Basel Convention, is currently executing a regional

project to determine the best options available for the management of used lead acid batteries

and developing a project on options for the management of used oil.



Case Studies



Port Environment Management in Costa Rica – Mr. Edwin Cyrus Cyrus



5.7 In his presentation relating to Port Environment Management in Costa Rica,

Mr. Edwin Cyrus Cyrus identified some of the main challenges for port management in

Central America in general and in Costa Rica in particular.



5.8 He outlined these as the disposal of solid and liquid wastes produced by ships,

management of loading and offloading of petroleum, management of loading and offloading

of hazardous merchandise, management of liquid and solid wastes produced in port

installations and transported by land.



5.9 He pointed to action that had been taken by Costa Rica in the area of port management

including the contracting of services for painting and repairing of ships and for the disposal of

solid and petroleum wastes. He highlighted some of the recommendations emanating from a

workshop for Central American Countries, chief among which were those relating to the

strengthening of the legal and institutional framework within the region through greater

adherence by Central American countries, and Costa Rica in particular, to the legal

instruments established for regulating port activities.



Overview of Environmental Issues in Saint Lucia – Shirlene Simmons

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5.10 The presentation was made up of two parts, firstly, general statistics, and secondly an

overview of environmental management issues, both being faced by the island, and also the

actions the Government of Saint Lucia have developed, and plan to develop in the medium

term.



5.11 Saint Lucia is a small island state with a total area of 616 km2 and total population of

155,996 (2000). The country’s main income generators are agriculture (bananas), tourism,

and a small-scale manufacturing sector.



5.12 Waste management, energy resources, land-use management, coastal-zone

management, climate change and integrated development planning (IDP) are environmental

management issues facing Saint Lucia at this time.



5.13 Solid, liquid and hazardous waste is a serious environmental issue for the island. Poor

waste management and disposal practices by the indiscriminate and illegal disposal of wastes;

inefficient garbage collection systems; and the high frequency of littering in public places are

some of the critical issues in waste management. The seaports on the island are also faced

with issues ranging from lack of collection facilities, to the indiscriminate and illegal disposal

of wastes.



5.14 The importation of refined petroleum products; the vulnerability to shocks in the

supply market; and the lack of resources, both financial and human, to explore the indigenous

sources of energy such as biomass, wind, geothermal and solar are some of the issues facing

the island with respect to energy resources.



5.15 Another environmental issue facing the country is land-use management. Land-use

planning continues to be a major challenge for the government as evidenced by land-use

conflicts; the incidence of unplanned development; zoning; and continued environmental

degradation.



5.16 Saint Lucia’s coastal zone continues to be under increasing pressure from

urbanization; pollution; tourism development; continued development in environmentally

sensitive areas; and erosion from agriculture and other land resources is another

environmental problem for the country.



5.17 The issues associated with climate change is the lack of financial and human resources

to strengthen the administrative and co-ordination structure for climate change activities; and

also the lack of funding for awareness activities; and the problems in sourcing funds to

implement key activities.



5.18 Integrated Development Planning is an approach to planning which will seek to

integrate and co-ordinate economic, social, cultural, environmental, spatial, financial, and

population interrelationships to ensure the sustainable and efficient use of human, financial,

and natural resources for the improvement in the quality of life of the population.

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5.19 The following is a list of actions undertaken, or to be undertaken, by the Government

of St. Lucia:



.1 formulation and implementation of appropriate management strategies, polices

and programmes;

.2 strengthening of institutional arrangements;

.3 formulation and implementation of legal and regulatory frameworks;

.4 increase in public education and awareness;

.5 introduction of capacity building programmes; and

.6 commitment to the numerous international and regional conventions the

country is signatory to.





6 INTRODUCTION TO WASTE ASSESSMENT GUIDANCE



Key Components of the Waste Assessment Guidance – Dr. Lynn Jackson



6.1 Dr. Lynn Jackson, Chairperson of the Scientific Group of the London Convention, in

her presentation of background and introduction to this discussion, outlined the approaches

adopted by the London Convention with regard to dumping of waste. It was the 1996

Protocol to the London Convention, however, that prohibited the dumping of all wastes

except for seven specified categories, namely dredged material, sewage sludge, fish waste,

vessels and platforms, inert inorganic geological material, organic material of natural origin,

and bulky items (e.g. steel, iron, concrete). This 7-item list constitutes the Reverse List.



6.2 The Waste Assessment Guidance (WAG) adopted at the 19th Consultative Meeting of

Contracting Parties to the London Convention in 1997 outlines the assessment process that, it

was noted, also includes wastes from the Reverse List.



6.3 The presenter discussed in detail the key components of the WAG. In summary, these

are:



.1 waste characterization – the results of which are compared against an Action

List (comprising set limits of specific contaminants in the case of chemical

criteria);



.2 waste management options – the two aspects of which are the waste prevention

audit and the identification of alternatives to dumping;



.3 dumpsite selection – an appropriate site is key to mitigating any potential

impacts, and must take into consideration a range of factors such as type of

waste and character of dumpsite; proximity to amenities or other marine-based

activities; operational feasibility;

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.4 impact assessment and monitoring – as a basis for permit approval and for

defining environmental monitoring requirements to be included in conditions

of approval, which also cover compliance monitoring;



.5 permitting – varies from country to country depending on the legal system

prevailing.



Waste Characterization for Disposal at Sea - Ms Linda Porebski



6.4 Ms. Porebski first presented an overview of relevant legislation at the international

level (the London Convention 1972 and the London Protocol 1996) and national level. She

indicated that at the national level legislation either similar or more stringent by comparison

and provided for use of the WAG lists, issue and control permits, and reporting and

monitoring.



6.5 She continued by discussing the areas in the 1996 Protocol that represented advances

following the 1972 Convention in relation to:



.1 prohibition (no additional steps);

.2 wastes (Reverse List/Action list developed);

.3 characterization (tiered approach: toxic/persistent/bioaccumulation); and

.4 processing guidelines (WAG developed).



In this context, Ms. Porebski reminded Workshop participants of the key components of the

WAG and listed the items classified as waste and other matter, which were governed by the

WAG as follows: dredged material, sewage, fish waste, vessels, inert inorganic geological

material, organic material of natural origin, bulky substances.



6.6 The factors and goal of characterization were described in relation to each of these

items, and examined the physical characterization of dredged material by drawing on the case

of Clamshell Dredge that was used to dredge on of the main shipping channels in the Ports of

New York and New Jersey. She observed that as a general rule sufficient dredge data may

already be available from sources such as government, previous work, related sites and

research; but cautioned that contaminants of concern should be established. It was proposed

that sampling from the proposed dredge site should reflect vertical and horizontal distribution,

and the variability of material. Ms. Porebski also advised the Workshop on the kind of

analytical methods, using the “Draft Guidance” developed by the London Convention (SG 25,

2002) which looked at selection of variables; selection of methods; quality assessment and

quality control.



6.7 In concluding, Ms. Porebski addressed the issue of ocean disposal in relation to a

national action list and levels of environmental concern – in compliance with permit

conditions. In this regard, she presented selected action values for dredged material in some

Western European countries. In this context, she advised on the use of bio-assessment tools,

indicating, among other things, that if a decision still cannot be made, biological testing

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

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should be done, and that local species should be considered for acute toxicity, chronic

toxicity, bio-accumulation and tainting and, in this connection suggested a list of issues

related to biological responses and ended by emphasizing the use of the Action List:



.1 establish level; and

.2 depending on result: proceed to disposal site, etc.; revisit waste management

options; do further characterization



Waste Management Options/Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring -

Dr. Tom O’Connor



6.8 Dr. O’Connor in separate presentations, viz. Waste Management Options and

Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring to Workshop Session #5: “Introduction to

Waste Assessment Guidance”, cautioned against dumping at sea “just because it is easy”.

This approach to options advises that sea dumping should be used only when NEED is

demonstrated, and that the options of reuse, recycling, treating should be considered. In this

connection, he also cautioned that it was important that waste prevention audits be done to

reduce need.



6.9 With regard to bulky wastes (e.g. appliances, vehicles, drums, cargo containers, gas

cylinders) – primarily comprised of iron, steel, concrete, or other non-harmful material for,

and limited to, those circumstances where wastes are generated at locations such as small

islands with isolated communities having no practical access to disposal options other than

ocean dumping – Dr. O’Connor advised reuse for the intended purpose, return to sender,

metal recycling or landfill use, but cautioned clean-up prior to dumping (i.e. removal of

fluids, floatables, soluble material, etc.).



6.10 In the case of inert inorganic wastes (e.g. excavation material, demolition debris), he

advised what was the obvious route of use and recycle options, ensuring that contaminants are

removed. Organic wastes (fish processing, sewage sludge, etc.), on the other hand, could be

used as fertilizer once contaminants are removed and the action list checked.



6.11 Where dredged material is concerned, provided contaminated material is isolated, it is

possible to apply this material in many ways, some of which are: beach nourishment, land

creation, marsh creation, upland use (e.g. soil, construction).



6.12 Dr. O’Connor’s presentation on Impact Assessment can be summarized along the

following lines. The procedure requires:



.1 characterization of waste and dumpsite;

.2 prediction of physical and chemical changes;

.3 prediction and acceptance of biological response;

.4 fourthly, prediction and acceptance of the risk to humans; and

.4 the issuing of permit.

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Follow-up impact monitoring would determine whether or not the assessment was correct;

while compliance monitoring would determine if the dumping was done in compliance with

(a) designated location, (b) permitted amount, and (c) dumping method.



6.13 Monitoring would also assess change: ephemeral change, permanent physical change,

or permanent chemical change. In the case of sewage sludge dumping in deep water, for

example, it was noted that physical and chemical change was predicted on the basis of

currents, sludge characteristics, dumping frequency, settling rates, etc. In this example, there

was no predicted biological change, but checks were advised for bioaccumulation. In the case

of dredged material impact assessment, where there is physical burial of organisms at the

dumpsite, the mound may be predicted to remain intact or disperse; chemical predictions

depend on material; biological predictions are certain, and bioaccumulation is possible.

Impact monitoring would examine mound stability, recolonization and bioaccumulation.



Identification of Disposal Sites for Disposal of Wastes at Sea - Mr. Chris Vivian



6.14 The site procedure should proceed through a sequential series of stages designed to

weed out unsuitable areas and ultimately to present the regulatory authority with a suitable

site or sites for designation. Based on this procedural outline, Mr. Vivian guided Workshop

participants through the steps for the selection of sites, which he observed needed to be done

in such as way as to minimize any interference with other present and potential uses of the sea

area concerned (e.g. fishing, navigation, aquaculture, recreation). These steps are:



.1 assessment of need for a new site;

.2 identification of potentially suitable areas;

.3 identification of site requirements related to waste characteristics;

.4 selection of candidate sites;

.5 determination of potential adverse effects at each candidate site;

.6 comparison of candidate sites;

.7 assessment of acceptability of potential adverse effects; and

.8 site selection.



6.15 Mr. Vivian concluded his presentation with further recommendations for the

monitoring process, based on the example taken from the UK where a new Dredged Material

Disposal Site (DMDS) was selected off Cumbria. He explained that since the primary effect

of the disposal was predicted to be a physical one of blanketing the seabed, it was a priority to

map the physical extent of the dumped material. A licence condition requiring self-

monitoring of depth during the disposal process came first, while independent monitoring to

check sediment movements subsequent to disposal and any associated biological changes

followed.



Case Studies



The Dutch Experience – EIA Development, Disposal and Monitoring of Dredged

Material: Mr. Joost Stronkhorst

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6.16 The presenter, Mr. Stronkhorst, gave an overview of national and international

policies on pollution control which traced the 1970 Pollution of Water Act; the 1987-1989

North Sea Ministers Conference which triggered the issue of permits for waste disposal and

effluent discharge; the 1992 Oslo and Paris Convention of NE Atlantic; the 1995 North Sea

Ministers Conference which also examined emission control measures; and the 1995 UN

Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based

Activities.



6.17 Mr. Stronkhorst continued by focusing on the Port of Rotterdam in regard to the

reduction of zinc emission and of dioxin emission by major point sources over the period

1985-1995. He also identified fish-eating birds and organochlorine contamination (PCB) in

the SW Netherlands (1950-1990), and liver tumours in flat fish and PAH’s in sediment in the

Dutch coastal waters (1985-1994).



6.18 The decision-making framework described two processes for the disposal of dredged

material: first, decisions regarding issuing permits at the harbour/dredging site in relation

hazard assessment; and, secondly, decisions regarding monitoring compliance and feedback at

the recipient body/dumping site in relation to risk assessment.



6.19 With regard to the impact hypothesis for the disposal of dredged material from the

Port of Rotterdam, Mr. Stronkhorst presented the following projections: firstly, at the new

disposal site, the macrobenthos community will be severely impacted; concentrations of

contaminants in sediment and biota will be elevated; ecotoxicological effects will occur in flat

fish and starfish within one year and over an area of 1 – 5 km east from the disposal site.

Secondly, at the former disposal site, recover of the macro-benthos community will take

four years; recovery of chemical quality of biota and sediment will take two years; recovery

of the ecotoxicological effects on flat fish and starfish will take two years.



6.20 Finally, on the question of water management, Mr. Stronkhorst disclosed to the

Workshop that the Fourth Policy Document on Water Management in the Netherlands (1998)

aims to add to its methods of testing (in 2002) an integrated assessment system based on

biological effect measurements and environmental impact of the pollutants present, as the

present action levels offer insufficient possibilities for assessing the complex of pollutants in

the dredged material proposed for offshore disposal.



Jamaica – Port Development Programme – Mr. Krishna Desai and Mr. Don Rose



6.21 A case study of the regulatory framework for dredging and management of wastes,

based on the current development of the port of Kingston, was presented by Mr. Krishna

Desai of the National Environment Planning Agency (NEPA) and Mr. Don Rose of the

Technological and Environmental Management Network (TEMN). It focused on the

regulatory framework that Jamaica has in place to begin to address the obligations of the LC,

especially as it relates to the disposal of dredged material, including the Beach Control Act

(1956) and the newer Natural Resources Conservation Act of 1991. This premier piece of

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environmental legislation has a set of associated regulations, the Permit and Licence

Regulations of 1996 that speak to certain types of development requiring environmental

permits. He also pointed out that a comprehensive E/A process accompanied each

development project and included consultation at the internal, governmental and civil levels.



6.22 Mention was made of the Guidelines for the Planning and Execution of Coastal and

Estuarine Dredging Works and the disposal of Dredged Materials which seek to cover the

areas of permitting, engineering, as well as the environmental aspects of projects, so as to

eliminate or mitigate the potentially harmful impacts that dredging works can have upon the

coastal and estuarine environment at a project planning stage.



6.23 He referred to the aspect of dumping, which, though not strictly concerned with the

aspect of ‘dumping’ as defined under the London Convention, relates to the deployment of

certain types of structures in the marine environment. The presenter underscored the

sensitivity of the system of protected areas developed by Jamaica and the particular context of

the dredging activity being carried out in the vicinity of two declared protected areas. An

example was provided of successful relocation of corals within this context.





***

IMO/UNEP Workshop, Jamaica 2002







ANNEX I



WORKSHOP ON MARINE POLLUTION PREVENTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT IN PORTS IN THE WIDER CARIBBEAN REGION:

JAMAICA (20 - 24 May 2002)



PROGRAMME





OPENING DAY



08:00 – 09:00 Registration of participants



Session 1

09:00 – 10:00 Opening Ceremony



Welcome and Introduction



Director General, Maritime Authority of Jamaica - Rear Admiral Peter

Brady

IMO-Office for the London Convention - Mr. René Coenen

(IMO/London Convention)

Acting Deputy Co-ordinator UNEP Regional Co-ordination Unit –

Mr. Tim Kasten

National Environmental Planning Authority-Jamaica - Mr. Franklin

McDonald Chief Executive Officer

Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Transport and Works - Dr. Alwin

Hales



10:10- 10:30 Workshop Objectives



Objectives and structure of the workshop: Chair of the London

Convention Scientific Group: Dr. Lynn Jackson



10:30 – 11:00 COFFEE & TEA BREAK



Session 2

11:00 – 12:30 Legal Framework for Marine Pollution Management (Moderator –

Mr. Craig Vogt Vice-Chair of the LC Scientific Group)

Introduction to London Convention 1972 and its 1996 Protocol and

Implications of Membership - Mr. René Coenen

MARPOL 73/78 Convention - Mr. Bertrand Smith, Director, Legal

Affairs (Maritime Authority)

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex I

Page 2



UNEP/GPA (Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the

Marine Environment from Land-based Activities - Mr. Franklin

McDonald (Chief Executive Officer, National Environmental Planning

Authority-Jamaica)



Cartagena Convention - Mr. Tim Kasten UNEP-RCU



Discussion



12:30 – 14:00 LUNCH BREAK



Session 3

14:00 – 16:00 Environmental Management in Ports: Identification of Issues

(Moderator - Mr. Craig Vogt)



Port Reception Facilities - Lt. Cdr. Curtis Roach

Management of Ballast Water Discharges - Dr. Lynn Jackson

Dredging of Ports and Marinas - Mr. Robert Engler (United States)



Discussion



Oil spills in Ports - Mr. Rick Rodriguez (REMPEITC)

Land-Based Discharges - Mr. Tim Kasten (UNEP)

TBTs - Mr. Edward Kleverlaan (Australia)



Discussion



16:00 – 16:30 COFFEE & TEA BREAK



16:30 – 17:30 Environmental Management in Ports: Identification of Issues

(Moderator - Mr. Jim Osborne, Canada) (continued)



Case studies



Trinidad - Overview of Commercial Ports & Environmental Issues in

Trinidad - Mr. James Allan Goodridge

Study of Ballast Water in Cartagena Bay, Colombia - Silvia Rondon

(Colombia)

USA - Overview of Pollution Prevention and Best Management

Practices at USA Ports - Mr. Richard Delaney, USA



Discussion



18:30 Cocktail Reception (causal attire)

IMO/UNEP Workshop- Jamaica 2002

Annex I

Page 3



DAY 2



Session 4

09:00 – 10:30 Waste Management in the Wider Caribbean Region (Moderator:

Dr. Lynn Jackson)



Introduction to Waste Management Principles: (USEPA: Craig Vogt)

Overview of Waste Management in the WCR: Dr. Derrick Balladin

(CARIRI)



Case Studies



Costa Rica: Edwin Cyrus

St. Lucia Shirlene Simmons



Discussion



10:30 – 11:00 COFFEE & TEA BREAK



Session 5

11:00 – 13:00 Introduction to Waste Assessment Guidance (Moderator: Dr. Lynn

Jackson)



Key components of Waste Assessment Guidance: Dr. Lynn Jackson

Waste Characterization: Ms. Linda Porebski (Canada)

Waste Management Options: Dr. Tom O’Connor (United States)

Identification of Disposal Sites: Mr. Chris Vivian (United Kingdom)



Discussion



13:00 – 14:30 LUNCH BREAK



Introduction to Waste Assessment Guidance (Moderator: Dr. Lynn

Jackson)



14:30 – 16:00 Permitting Process: Ms. Linda Porebski (Canada)

Environmental Impact Assessment and Monitoring: Dr. Tom O’Connor

(United States)

Case Study: Dutch Experience—EIA Development, Disposal, and

Monitoring of Dredged Material: Mr. Joost Stronkhorst (Netherlands)



Discussion



16:00 – 16:30 COFFEE & TEA BREAK

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex I

Page 4

16:30 - 17:30 Case Studies



Jamaica NEPA: Mr. Krishna Desai

Jamaica: Port Development Programme: Kingston Trans-shipment Port

Mr. Don Rose

(optional: South Africa: Emergency Dumping)







DAY 3 Field Trip – Kingston Harbour/U.S. EPA Vessel





DAY 4



Session 6 Working Group Sessions



(Convening of Working Group 1 is definite. Working Groups 2 and 3

are optional and these sessions will be determined on the basis of

responses received from invited countries.)



9:00 – 17:30 Working Group 1: Dredged Material Management

Facilitators:

Mr. Gerard van Raalte (IADC)

Dr. Robert Engler (PIANC/USACE)

Mr. Neville Burt (WODA/HR Wallingford)



The working group session is planned in two parts. The morning session will be a series of

lectures about various aspects of dredged material management. For this, delegates will

receive a free set of CEDA/IADC Guides – Environmental Aspects of Dredging. Opportunity

will be given during and at the end of each lecture for questions. The afternoon will provide

an opportunity for presentation of cases by delegates followed by a panel discussion led by

the speakers and other invited experts.



09:00 – 09:10 Introduction to the workshop Mr. Neville Burt (WODA/HR

Wallingford)



09:10 – 09:45 Application of the LC to dredged material Mr. Bob Engler (U.S

Corps of Engineers)



London Convention/Protocol: Specific Waste Assessment Guidelines

for Dredged material



The role of The International Navigation Association, PIANC:



Dredged Material Management Guide,

IMO/UNEP Workshop- Jamaica 2002

Annex I

Page 5



Management of Aquatic Disposal of Dredged Material,

Managing Contaminated Dredged material,

Dredging: The Environmental Facts - where to find what you

need to know.



09:45 – 10:30 Investigation, Interpretation, and Impact Mr. Neville Burt

(WODA/HR Wallingford)



Project planning

Initial evaluation

Field surveys, sampling and lab tests

Interpretation of results

Assessment



10:30 – 1100 COFFEE & TEA BREAK



11:00 – 12:00 Machines, Methods, and Mitigation Mr. Gerard van Raalte (IAPH)



Types of project

Phases of a project

Dredging equipment

Recent developments

Transport and disposal equipment and techniques

Mitigating measures

Monitoring and Control



12:00 – 13:00 Re-use, Recycle or Relocate Mr. Neville Burt (WODA/HR

Wallingford)



Management alternatives

Selection of best option

Material properties

Beneficial use

Open water disposal

Confined disposal

Treatment



13:00 – 14:30 LUNCH BREAK



14:30 – 15:00 Dredging in coral reef areas Caroline Fletcher (WODA/HR

Wallingford)



15:00 – 16:00 Case studies presented by delegates



Panama Mr. Jorge Rodriguez*

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex I

Page 6

Cuba Mr. Marta Martinez Canals

Others TBD



Note: The time can be extended after the break if there are many

presentations.



16:00 – 16:30 COFFEE & TEA BREAK



16:30 – 17:30 Panel discussion chaired by Mr. Neville Burt

Panel members:



Mr. Bob Engler

Mr. Gerard van Raalte

Ms Caroline Fletcher

Mr. Craig Vogt

Mr. Chris Vivian



Working Groups 2 and 3 operate concurrently in the afternoon with Working Group 1



13:30- 15:15 Working Group 2 - Sewage and Other Organic Wastes

Facilitator: Mr. Craig Vogt



Case Studies



Bahamas: Overview of Environmental Issues in Bahamas: Mr. Stefan

Moss*

Venezuela Ms. Janin Mendoza



15:15-15:45 COFFEE & TEA BREAK



15:45-17:30 Working Group 3 Bulky Items/Industrial Waste

Facilitator: Mr. Jim Osborne



Case Studies



DAY 5



08:00-09:00 Preparation reports on national priorities and draft Action Plans





Session 7

09:00-09.15 Presentation results from Working Group 1 (Moderator: Dr. Mearle

Barrett)



09.15-10.45 Presentation of national reports

IMO/UNEP Workshop- Jamaica 2002

Annex I

Page 7





10:45-11:15 COFFEE & TEA BREAK



11:15-11:30 Identification of funding opportunities for Environmental

Management/Partnerships



11:30-12:30 Recommendations of the Workshop

Introduction by the Rapporteur of the Workshop: Dr. Mearle Barrett



Discussion and adoption of the recommendations





12:30 Closing Ceremony



Closing Remarks Mr. René Coenen (IMO/London Convention)

Closing Remarks Mr. Franklin McDonald (Chief Executive Officer,

National Environmental Planning Authority-Jamaica)



13:00 Closure of Workshop



__________________

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex II

Page 1



ANNEX II



LIST OF PARTICIPANTS



COUNTRY REPRESENTATIVES





ANGUILLA



BATTICK, Bancroft

Chief Engineer Designate

Ministry of Infrastructure, Communication & Utilities

Coronation Ave,

The Valley, Anguilla, B.W.I.

Telephone: (264) 497-2651

Telefax: (264) 497-3651

E-mail: bbattick@yahoo.com



ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA



MACK, Hugh GARDINER, Dwight

Operations Manager Senior Deputy Director/Registrar of

Antigua Port Authority Ships/Legal Counsel

P.O.Box 1052 Department of Marine Services

Deepwater Harbour P.O. Box 1394

St. John’s, Antigua St John’s, Antigua

Telephone: (268) 462-0754 Telephone: (268) 462-1273

Telefax: (268) 462-2510/462-9482 Telefax: (268) 462-4358

E-mail: mackhc@hotmail.com E-mail: marineserv@candw.ag



O’MARDE, Dorbrene

Planner/Project Manager

National Solid Waste Management Authority

P.O. Box 2224

St John’s, Antigua

Telephone: (268) 562-1351

Telefax: (268) 562-1352

E-mail: projecto@candw.ag

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex III

Page 2



THE BAHAMAS



MOSS, Stefan

Senior Environmental Officer

The Best Commission

P.O. Box CB10980

Nassau, Bahamas

Telephone: (242) 327-4691

Telefax: (242) 327-4626

E-mail: smoss@icfconsulting.com



BELIZE



HULSE, Jeavon

Environmental Officer

Dept of the Environment

10/12 Ambergris Avenue

Belmopan, Belize

Telephone: (501)822-2542/2816

Telefax: (501) 822-2862

E-mail: envirodept@btl.net



BOLIVIA



ZERDAS, Jorge

Dirección Intereses Marítimos

Ministerio de Defensa

Calle 20 de octubre – Sopocachi, Bolivia

Telephone: (591) 2-432417 (ext0 4307

Telefax: (591) 2-243-1739

E-mail: dpersad@plipdeco.com



CANADA

OSBORNE, Jim

Chief Marine Environment

Environment Canada

351 St Joseph Blvd.

Hull, Québec, Canada

Telephone: (819) 953-2265

Telefax: (819) 953-0913

E-mail: Jim.Osborne@ec.gc.ca

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex II

Page 3



COLOMBIA



SERRATO URREGO, Luis Edilberto RONDON DELGADO, Silvia Rocio

Dirección General Marítima DIMAR-CIOH

(Autoridad Marítima Colombiana) Escuela Naval Almirante Padilla

Transversal 41 No. 27-50 CAN Centro de Investigaciones

Bogotá, Colombia Oceanograficas e Hidrograficas

Telephone: (57-1) 220-0490 (ext) 2320/2321 Isla de Manzanillo

Telefax: (57-1) 222-2636 Cartagena, Colombia

E-mail: lserrato@dimar.mil.co Telephone: (57-5) 669-4104 (ext) 105

sbeltran@dimar.mil.co Telefax: (57-5) 669-4390

mpalacios@dimar.mil.co E-mail: srondon@cioh.org.co

ofasi@yahoo.com



COSTA RICA



CYRUS, Edwin

Ministerio del Ambiente y Energía

Apartado 1077-7300 Limón

Limón, Costa Rica

Telephone: (506) 795-3170/795-1446

Telefax: (506) 795-3996

E-mail: ecyrus@minae.go.cr



CUBA



MARTINEZ CANALS, Marta

Institute of Oceanology ,CITMA

Ave 1ra No. 18406 Playa

Ciudad Habana, Cuba

Telephone: (53-7) 271-0003 / 271-6008 / 271-1380 / 271-1424

Telefax: (53-7) 339112

E-mail: martam@oceano.inf.cu



CURACAO



FRÄNKEL, Ramón HENRIQUEZ, Russell

Harbor Master/Nautical Advisor/ Island Port Safety Inspector

Coordinator Oil Spill Curacao Ports Authority N.V.

Curacao Ports Authority Werf de Wilde

Werf de Wilde Curacao, Netherlands Antillles

Curacao, Netherlands Antillles Telephone: 5999-434-5999

Telephone: (599) 9-434-5915 Telefax: 5999-461-3907

Telefax: (599) 9-461-3907 E-mail: r.henriquez@curports.com

E-mail: 2.frankel@curports.com

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex III

Page 4



DOMINICA



BROWNE, Oliver FERROL, Steve

General Manager Maritime Administrator

Dominica Solid Waste Mgt Corp Dominica Maritime Administration

P.O. Box 79 20 Bath Road

Roseau, Dominica Roseau, Dominica

Telephone: (767) 449-8168 Telephone: (767) 448-4722

Telefax: (767) 449-8173 Telefax: (767) 448-7245

E-mail: dswnc@cwdom.dm E-mail: maritime@cwdom.dm



FRANCE



COURGEON, Laurent

Chargé de Mission responsable de la cellule Qualité des Eaux Littorales

Ministère de l’écologie et du développement durable

Direction régionale de l’environnement - CQEL

Massal, Immeuble Boulevard de Verdun

97200 Fort de France, Martinique

Telephone: (059) 671 3005

Telefax:

E-mail: laurent.courgeon @equipement.gouv.fr



GRENADA



JOSEPH, Christopher

Environmental Protection Officer

Ministry of Health and the Environment

Ministerial Complex, Tanteen

St George’s

Grenada, West Indies

Telephone: (473) 440-3845

Telefax:

E-mail: min.healthgrenada@caribsurf.com

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex II

Page 5



HONDURAS



PINEDA MILLA, Cesar Modesto MARTINEZ CRUZ, Mariano

Empresa Nacional Portuaria Empresa Nacional Portuaria

1ra Ave. 1ra Calle Primera Avenida, Primera Calle

Puerto Cortes Puerto Cortes

Apartado Postal #18, Honduras Apartado Postal #18, Honduras

Centro America Centro America

Telephone: (504) 665-4435/ Telephone: (504) 665-0549/665-0182 (ext.)2700

(504) 665-0182 (ext)2714 Telefax: (504) 665-0549

Telefax: E-mail: marianogmartinezcruz@hotmail.com

E-mail:



HAITI



AMILCAR, Helliot GERMAIN, Bethy

Program Coordinator Technical Coordinator

Ministère de l’Environnement d’Haiti Coastal Zone Management Programme

181 Haut de Turgeau, Haiti Ministère de l’Environnement d’Haiti

Telephone: (509) 245-0504 181 Haut de Turgeau, Haiti

Telefax: (509) 245-7360 Telephone: (509) 245-0504

E-mail: helliotamilcar@yahoo.fr Telefax: (509) 245-7360

E-mail: gerbethy@yahoo.com



JAMAICA



BARRETT, Mearle DESAI, Krishna

Director, Environmental Management Coastal Zone Management Branch

National Environment & Planning Agency National Environment & Planning Agency

10 Caledonia Avenue 10 Caledonia Avenue

Kingston 5, Jamaica Kingston 5, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 754-7557 Telephone: (876) 754-7569

Telefax: (876) 754 7599 Telefax: (876) 754-7595/4

E-mail: mbarrett@nepa.gov.jm E-mail: kdesai@nepa.gov.jm



GUTHRIE, Gillian HALES, Alwin

Director, Projects and Environment Permanent Secretary

Ministry of Land and Environment Ministry of Transport & Works

1 Devon Road 1c Pawsey Road

Kingston 6, Jamaica Kingston 5, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 929-8880-5 (ext) 2152 Telephone: (876) 784-2613

Telefax: (876) 920-7262 Telefax: (876) 920-8763

E-mail: gguthrie84@hotmail.com E-mail: ps@mtw.gov.jm

gillguthrie@hotmail.com

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex III

Page 6



DAVIS-MATTIS, Laleta McGHIE, Katarina

Director, Legal & Regulatory Services Div. Chief Director, Marine Transport

National Environment & Planning Agency Minister of Transport and Works

10 Caledonia Avenue 1c-1f Pawsey Road

Kingston 5, Jamaica Kingston 5, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 908-3314 Telephone: (876) 754-1900-1 (ext) 299

Telefax: (876) 754-7599 Telefax:

E-mail: ldavis-mattis@nepa.gov.jm. E-mail: kmcghie@mtw.gov.jm



McDONALD, Franklin MENDES, Gimen

CEO Assistant Vice President

National Environment & Planning Agency Harbours & Port Services

10 Caledonia Ave The Port Authority of Jamaica

Kingston 5, Jamaica 15-17 Duke Street

Telephone: (876) 754-7550 / 754-7526 Kingston, Jamaica

Telefax: (876) 754-7594 Telephone: (876) 922-2214

E-mail: fmcdonald@nepa.gov.jm Telefax: (876) 922-6419

E-mail: gmendes@portjam.com



McLEAN, Audley

Operations Manager

Solid Waste Management Authority

2 Stormont Road

Ocho Rios, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 974-5465

Telefax:

E-mail:



NETHERLANDS



OUIBRAHIM, Nouria TJALLINGII, Frans

Adviser, International Affairs Ministry of Transport, Public Works &

Ministry of Transport, Public Works & Water Management

Water Management North Sea Directorate

North Sea Directorate P.O. Box 5807

P.O. Box 5807 2280 HV Rijswijk, The Netherlands

2280 HV Rijswijk, The Netherlands Telephone: (+3170) 336-6612 (ext) 846

Telephone: (+3170) 336-6612 (ext) 674 Telefax: (+3170) 350-0691

Telefax: (+3170) 350-0691 E-mail: f.j.tjallingii@dnz.rws.minvenw.nl

E-mail: n.oubrahim@dnz.rws.minvenw.nl

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex II

Page 7



NICARAGUA



CASTELLON, René Salvador LACAYO, Erick

Ministerio del Ambiente y Los RRNN Programa RAAN-ASDI-RAAS

Km 12 ½ Carretera Norte Avalcard, 1c Abajo Bolonia

Frente a Zona Franca, Nicaragua Managua, Nicaragua

Telephone: (505) 233-1173/263-2595 Telephone: (505) 268-6359

Telefax: (505) 233-1173 Telefax: (505) 268-6360

E-mail: renycaste@hotmail.com E-mail: mlacayoe@yahoo.com



PANAMA



CARO, Rafael CEDEÑO CONCEPCIÓN, Algis Eliecer

Autoridad Marítima de Panamá Autoridad Marítima de Panamá

8062, Panama 7, Panamá 8062, Panama 7, Panamá

Telephone: (507) 232-7320 Telephone: (507) 232-6282

Telefax: (507) 232-8268 Telefax: (507) 232-6282

E-mail: rafa09@hotmail.com E-mail: digerema@sinfo.net



SAINT LUCIA



SALTIBUS, Dermot SIMMONS, Shirlene

Director of Maritime Affairs Sustainable Development and Environment

Saint Lucia Air and Sea Port Authority Officer

P.O. Box 651 Ministry of Planning, Development,

Castries, Saint Lucia Environment and Housing

Telephone: (758) 452-2893/4 Graham Louisy Admin Building

Telefax: (758) 452-9062 Box 709, Waterfront, Castries, St. Lucia

E-mail: saltibusd@slaspa.com Telephone: (758) 468-4461

Telefax: (758) 451-6958

E-mail: ssimmons@planning.gov.lc



SAINT VINCENT



KING, Brenan

Director of Maritime Services

St. Vincent Port Authority

Box 1237

Kingstown, St Vincent

Telephone: (784) 456-1830 (ext) 113

Telefax: (784) 456-2732

E-mail:

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex III

Page 8



SURINAME



PALMAN, Willem

Head, Traffic and Inspection

Maritime Authority, Suriname

Cornelis Jongbawstr. No. 2

Paramaribo, Suriname

Telephone: (597) 476733 (ext) 234

Telefax: (597) 472940

E-mail: wpalman@mas.sr



TRINIDAD & TOBAGO



BURROWES, Ravidya GOODRIDGE, James A.

Manager, Technical Advisory Services Principal Research Officer

Institute of Marine Affairs Institute of Marine Affairs

Hilltop Lane P.O. Box 3160, Carenage P.O.

Chaguaramas, Trinidad & Tobago Trinidad & Tobago

Telephone: (868) 634-4991–4 Telephone: (868) 634-4291 – 4 (ext) 502

(ext) 543/505 Telefax: (868) 634-4433

Telefax: (868) 634-4433 E-mail: j.goodridge@ima.gov.tt

E-mail: tasman@ima.gov.tt



PERSAD, Deenesh MENDEZ, Christopher

Manager, Environmental Management Deputy General Manager

PLIPDECO Port Authority of Trinidad and Tobago

P.O. Bag 191 Dock Road

Couva Post Office, Trinidad & Tobago Port-of-Spain. Trinidad & Tobago

Telephone: (868) 636-1888 (ext) 3315 Telephone: (868) 625-3836

Telefax: (868) 636-4008 Telefax: (868) 627-2666

E-mail: dpersad@plipdeco.com E-mail: gem@opus.co.tt



TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS



SKIPPINGS, Carey

Assistant Maritime Officer

Turks and Caicos Government

Palm Grove

Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands

Telephone: (649) 946-2801 (exts) 40510/40511

Telefax: (649) 946-1120

E-mail: cskippings@gov.tc

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex II

Page 9



VENEZUELA



GARCIA CASTRO, Sergio MENDOZA MORALES, Janin

Ministerio de Ambiente y de Recursos Water Quality Director

Naturales NADEZHKA

Calle Cazarla Sector Salamanca C.S.B. Torre Sur MARN

La Asunción Piso 28

Estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela Dirección de Calidad Ambiental DGCA

Telephone: (58-295) 242-0895/242-0382 El Silencio, 1010

Telefax: (58-295)242-0895 Caracas, Venezuela

E-mail: kikomarn@hotmail.com Telephone: (58-212) 408-1141/4081142

Telefax: (58-212) 408-1118

E-mail: jnmendoza@marn.gov.ve

janinm@hotmail.com



ORGANIZATION REPRESENTATIVES & OBSERVERS



CENTRE FOR MARINE SCIENCES

EDWARDS, Peter

Scientific Officer, Centre for Marine Sciences

University of the West Indies

Mona

Kingston 7, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 977-0262 (ext) 2444

Telefax: (876) 977-1033

E-mail: peter.edwards@uwimona.edu.jm



WARNER, George

Director, Centre for Marine Sciences

University of the West Indies

Mona

Kingston 7, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 977-0262

Telefax: (876) 977-1033

E-mail: gfwarner@uwimona.edu.jm



ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS LTD

REESON, Peter

Consulting Principal, Environmental Solutions Ltd

20 West Kings House Road

Kingston 10, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 929-9481/960-8627

Telefax: (876) 929-5731

E-mail: preeson@cwjamaica.com

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex III

Page 10



FRIENDS OF THE SEA

BYLES, Kathy LAWRENCE, Arlene

Executive Director, Friends of the Sea Project Manager, Waste Management

P.O. Box 327 Friends of the Sea

St Ann’s Bay P.O., Jamaica P.O. Box 327

Telephone: (876) 974-4428 St Ann’s Bay P.O., Jamaica

Telefax: (876) 974-7811 Telephone: (876) 974-4428

E-mail: friendsofthesea@yahoo.com Telefax: (876) 974-7811

E-mail: arlenelaw@hotmail.com

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION



COENEN, Rene

Head

Office for the London Convention

Marine Environment Division

4 Albert Embankment

London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom

Telephone: (44-207) 735-7611

Telefax: (44-207) 587-3210

E-mail: rcoenen@imo.org

Website: www.londonconvention.org



IUCN (& NIOZ & CaTO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS)



TEN HALLERS-TJABBES, Catharina C.

Advisor

IUCN

Oosterweg 19995 VJ Kantens, The Netherlands

Telephone: (31-595) 551772

Telefax: (31-595) 5522115

E-mail: cato@nioz.nl



JAMAICA DEFENCE FORCE COAST GUARD



LAMBERT, Judy-Ann WILSON, Markland

Assistant Marine Environmental Protection Marine Environment Protection Officer

Officer JDF Coast Guard

JDF Coast Guard H.M.J.S. Cagway

H.M.J.S. Cagway Port Royal

Port Royal Kingston, Jamaica

Kingston, Jamaica Telephone: (876) 967-8191-2

Telephone: (876) 967-8031-3 (ext.) 236 Telefax: (876) 967-8278

Telefax: (876) 967-8278 E-mail:

E-mail: navyladyj@hotmail.com

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

Annex II

Page 11



LAND AND SEA ENVIRONMENTAL



GILLIS, Cynthia

Vice President

Land and Sea Environmental

47 North Street

Dartmouth

Nova Scotia B2Y 1B7, Canada

Telephone: (902) 463-0114

Telefax: (902) 466-5743

E-mail: ocl@accesscable.net



MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS & FOREIGN TRADE

SEALEY, Deniese

Foreign Service Officer

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade

21 Dominica Drive,

Kingston 5, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 926-4220-8 (ext) 2145

Telefax: (876) 929-6733

E-mail: mardmfa@cwjamaica.com



MONTEGO BAY MARINE PARK TRUST

WILLIAMS, Jill

Executive Director

Montego Bay Marine Park Trust

Pier One

Howard Cooke Boulevard

Montego Bay, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 952-5619

Telefax: (876) 940-0659

E-mail: mbmp@n5.com.jm



NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT & PLANNING AGENCY



EXCELL, Carol KNIGHT, Dillard

Senior Legal Officer Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Branch

NEPA NEPA

10 Caledonia Ave 10 Caledonia Ave

Kingston 5, Jamaica Kingston 5, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 754-7526 Telephone: (876) 754-7550/927-1552

Telefax: (876) 754-7594 Telefax: (876) 754-7594

E-mail: cexcell@nepa.gov.jm E-mail: dknight@nepa.gov.jm

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002

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LYN, Cowell McKENZIE, Anthony

Consultant Manager, Policy & Projects Division

NEPA NEPA

15 Gibson Drive 10 Caledonia Ave

Kingston 6, Jamaica Kingston 5, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 927-1210 Telephone: (876) 754-7543

Telefax: Telefax: (876) 754-7594

E-mail: suju@infochan.com E-mail: amckenzie@nepa.gov.jm



NATIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY



McHARGH, Melissa

Planning and Research Manager

Solid Waste Management Authority

61 Half Way Tree Rd

Kingston 10, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 754 5951 (ext) 227

Telefax: (876) 754-5955

E-mail: mmchargh@mpm.gov.jm

Bald_head_mel@hotmail.com



OFFICE OF THE PARLIAMENTARY COUNSEL



EDWARDS, Albert

Senior Parliamentary Counsel

Office of the Parliamentary Counsel

First Floor – North Tower

Mutual Life Complex

20 Oxford Road

Kingston 5, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 906-1717-21 (ext) 2222

Telefax: (876) 906-5214

E-mail: abwedwards@mail.infochan.com



OFFICE OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

(O.D.P.E.M.)



BAILEY, Cecil

Senior Director Mitigation Planning and Research

O.D.P.E.M.

12 Camp Road

Kingston 4, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 928-5111-4 (ext) 249

Telefax: (876) 928-5503

E-mail: cbailey@odpem.org.jm

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REMPEITC-Carib



RODRIGUEZ, Rick

Consultant

REMPEITC-Carib

Pletterijweg Z/N

Curacao, Netherlands Antilles

Telephone: (5999) 461-4012

Telefax: (5999) 461-1996

E-mail: imoctr@attglobal.net



SHIPPING ASSOCIATION OF JAMAICA



DOWNER, Basil

Industrial Relations Officer

Shipping Association of Jamaica

4 Fourth Avenue

Newport West, P.O. 1050

Kingston, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 923-6813 / 923-6762 / 923-3491-2

Telefax: (876) 923-5619 / 923-3421

Email: a.c.basild@cwjamaica.com

basild@shpngassoc.com



SMITH WARNER INTERNATIONAL



GAYLE, Samantha

Coastal Environmental Manager

Smith Warner International

2 Seymour Avenue, 2 Seymour Park

Kingston 10, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 978-8950

Telefax: (876) 978-

E-mail: sam@smithwarner.com



TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT NETWORK LTD.



ROSE, Donovan

C.E.O.

Technological and Environmental Management Network Ltd.

20 West Kings House Road

Kingston 10, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 920-6012/968-3173-5

Telefax: (876) 920-6012/968-3260

E-mail: temn@cwjamaica.com

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Page 14



UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME - CAR/RCU



KASTEN, Timothy

Acting Deputy Co-ordinator

UNEP-CAR/RCU

14-20 Port Royal Street

Kingston, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 922-9267-9

Telefax: (876) 922-9292

E-mail: tjk.uneprcuja@cwjamaica.com



PRESENTERS



BALLADIN, Derrick

Analytical Chemist

Caribbean Industrial Research Institute (CARIRI)

c/o University of the West Indies

St Augustine Campus, Trinidad & Tobago

Telephone: (868) 662-7171 (ext) 2549

Telefax: (868) 662-7177

E-mail: dballadin@hotmail.com



BURT, Neville

Technical Director

WODA / HR Wallingford

Oxon, OX10 8BA, United Kingdom

Telephone: (44-1491) 822-348

Telefax: (44-1491) 832-233

E-mail: nev@hrwallingford.co.uk



COENEN, Rene

Head

Office for the London Convention

Marine Environment Division

4 Albert Embankment

London SE1 7SR, United Kingdom.

Telephone: (44-207) 735-7611

Telefax: (44-207) 587-3210

E-mail: rcoenen@imo.org

www.londonconvention.org

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ENGLER, Robert

Senior Scientist (Environmental)

PIANC/USACE

3909 Halls Ferry Road

Vicksburg MS 39180, U.S.A.

Telephone: (601) 634-3624

Telefax: (601) 634-3528

E-mail: englerr@wes.army.mil

www.wes.army.mil/el/dots



FLETCHER, Caroline

Senior Scientist (Environmental)

WODA (CEDA)

c/o HR Wallingford Ltd.

Howbery Park

Wallingford

Oxon OX10 OXE, United Kingdom

Telephone: (44-1491) 835-381 (ext.) 2379

Telefax: (44-1491) 832-233

E-mail: caf@hrwallingford.co.uk



JACKSON, Lynn

Deputy Director

Department of the Environment, Agriculture and Tourism

Private Bag X2

Roggebaai 8012, South Africa

Telephone: (27-21) 402-3344

Telefax: (27-21) 421-5342

E-mail: ljackson@mcm.wcape.gov.sa



KASTEN, Timothy

Acting Deputy Co-ordinator

United Nations Environment Programme CAR/RCU

14-20 Port Royal Street

Kingston, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 922-9267-9

Telefax: (876) 922-9292

E-mail: tjk.uneprcuja@cwjamaica.com

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KLEVERLAAN, Edward

Assistant Director

Environment Australia

GPO Box 787

Canberra ACT 2600, Australia

Telephone: (61) 2-6274-1750

Telefax: (61) 2-6274-1006

E-mail: edward.kleverlaan@ea.gov.au



MACKNIGHT, Scott

Professor

Land and Sea Environmental

Department of Chemical Engineering

47 North Street

Dartmouth

Nova Scotia B2Y 1B7, Canada

Telephone: (902) 463-0114

Telefax: (902) 466-5743

E-mail: ocl@accesscable.net



O’CONNOR, Thomas

Physical Scientist

NOAA N/SCI 1

1305 East West Highway

Silver Spring

MD 20910, U.S.A.

Telephone: (301) 713-3028 (ext.) 151

Telefax: (301) 713-4388

E-mail: tom.oconnor@noaa.gov



POREBSKI, Linda

Head, Disposal at Sea

Environment Canada

12th Floor, 352 St Joseph Blvd

Gatineau Quebec, Canada

Telephone: (819) 953-4341

Telefax: (819) 953-0913

E-mail: linda.porebski@ec.gc.ca

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ROACH, Curtis

Regional Maritime Adviser

International Maritime Organization

Corner Queen and Henry Street

P.O. Box 493

Port-of-Spain, Trinidad & Tobago

Telephone: (868) 624-6159

Telefax: (868) 625-8666

E-mail: adviser@carib-link.net



SMITH, Bertrand

Director Legal Affairs

Maritime Authority

40 Knutsford Boulevard

Kingston 5, Jamaica

Telephone: (876) 754-7260

Telefax: (876) 754-7256

E-mail: bsmith@jamaicaships.com



STRONKHORST, Joost

Project Manager, RIKZ, Netherlands

P.O. Box 20907

2500 EX The Hague, Netherlands

Telephone: (31-70) 311-4377

Telefax: (31-70) 311-4300

E-mail: j.stronkhorst@rik.rws.minvenw.nl



VAN RAALTE, Gerard

IADC (represented by ‘Boskalis’)

The Hague, Netherlands

Telephone: (31-78) 696-9213

Telefax: (31-78) 696-9869

E-mail: g.h.vanraalte@boskalis.nl



VIVIAN, Chris

Topic Leader, CEFAS

Cefas Burnham Lab.

Rememberance Avenue

Burnham-on-Crouch

Essex, CMO 8HA, United Kingdom

Telephone: (44-1621) 787-200

Telefax: (44-1621) 784-989

E-mail: c.m.g.vivian@cefas.co.uk

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Page 18



VOGT, Craig

Deputy Director, Oceans and Coastal Protection Division

US EPA

1200 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.

Washington D.C. 20460, USA

Telephone: (202) 566-1235

Telefax: (202) 566-1334

E-mail:



***

IMO/UNEP Workshop, Jamaica 2002







ANNEX III



NATIONAL REPORTS

IMO/UNEP Workshop – Jamaica 2002









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