Pre-Algebra
Diocese of Sioux City
Standards and Benchmarks
9-12 Math
Standard 1: Understands and applies concepts of numbers and operations
Benchmark 1: Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among
numbers, and number systems.
i. Develop a deeper understanding of very large and very small numbers and of
various representations of them;
ii. Compare and contrast the properties of numbers and number systems,
including the rational and real numbers.
iii. Understand matrices as systems that have some of the properties of the real-
number system;
iv. Use number theory arguments to justify relationships involving sets of
numbers.
Benchmark 2: Understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another.
i. Judge the effects of such operations as multiplication, division, and computing
powers and roots on the magnitudes of quantities;
ii. Develop an understanding of properties of, and representations for, the
addition and multiplication of matrices;
iii. Develop an understanding of counting techniques.
Benchmark 3: Compute fluently and make reasonable estimates.
i. Develop fluency in operations with real numbers and matrices, using mental
computation or paper-and-pencil calculations for simple cases and technology
for more-complicated cases;
ii. Judge the reasonableness of numerical computations and their results.
Diocese of Sioux City 1 2006
Pre-Algebra
Diocese of Sioux City
Standards and Benchmarks
9-12 Math
Standard 2: Understands and applies concepts of algebra and functions
Benchmark 1: Understand patterns, relations, and functions.
i. Analyze functions of one variable by investigating rates of change and zeros.
Benchmark 2: Represent and analyze mathematical situations and structures using algebraic
symbols.
i. Understand the meaning of equivalent forms of expressions, equations,
inequalities, and relations;
ii. Write equivalent forms of equations, inequalities, and solve them with fluency
– mentally or with paper-and-pencil in simple cases and using technology in
all cases;
iii. Use symbolic algebra to represent and explain mathematical relationships;
iv. Judge the meaning, utility, and reasonableness of the results of symbol
manipulations, including those carried out by technology.
Benchmark 3: Use mathematical models to represent and understand quantitative relationships.
i. Identify essential quantitative relationships in a situation and determine the
class or classes of functions that might model the relationships;
ii. Draw reasonable conclusions about a situation being modeled.
Benchmark 4: Analyze change in various contexts.
i. Approximate and interpret rates of change from graphical and numerical data.
Diocese of Sioux City 2 2006
Pre-Algebra
Diocese of Sioux City
Standards and Benchmarks
9-12 Math
Standard 3: Understands and applies properties of geometry
Benchmark 1: Analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric
shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships.
i. Analyze properties and determine attributes of two- and three-dimensional
objects;
ii. Explore relationships (including congruence and similarity) among classes of
two- and three-dimensional objects, make and test conjectures about them,
and solve problems involving them.
Benchmark 2: Specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry
and other representational systems.
i. Use Cartesian coordinates to analyze geometric situations;
ii. Investigate conjectures and solve problems involving two-dimensional objects
represented with Cartesian coordinates.
Benchmark 3: Apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations.
i. Understand and represent translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations of
objects in the plane by using sketches, coordinates, and matrices.
Benchmark 4: Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems.
i. Draw and construct representations of two dimensional geometric objects
using a variety of tools;
ii. Use geometric models to gain insights into, an answer questions in, other
areas of mathematics;
iii. Use geometric ideas to solve problems in, and gain insights into, other
disciplines and other areas of interest such as art and architecture.
Diocese of Sioux City 3 2006
Pre-Algebra
Diocese of Sioux City
Standards and Benchmarks
9-12 Math
Standard 4: Understands and applies concepts of measurement
Benchmark 1: Understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes
of measurement.
i. Make decisions about units and scales that are appropriate for problem
situations involving measurement.
Benchmark 2: Apply appropriate techniques, tools and formulas to determine measurements.
i. Understand and use formulas for the area, surface area, and volume of
geometric figures, including cones, spheres, and cylinders;
ii. Use unit analysis to check measurement computations.
Diocese of Sioux City 4 2006
Pre-Algebra
Diocese of Sioux City
Standards and Benchmarks
9-12 Math
Standard 5: Understands and applies concepts of data analysis and probability
Benchmark 1: Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize and
display relevant data to answer them.
i. Understand the meaning of measurement data and categorical data, of
univariate and bivariate data, and of the term variable;
ii. Understand histograms, parallel box plots, and scatter plots and use them to
display data;
iii. Compute basic statistics and understand the distinction between a statistic and
a parameter.
Benchmark 2: Select and use appropriate statistical methods to analyze data.
i. Recognize how linear transformations of univariate data affect shape, center,
and spread.
Benchmark 3: Understand and apply basic concepts of probability.
i. Understand the concepts of sample space and probability distribution and
construct sample spaces and distributions in simple cases.
Diocese of Sioux City 5 2006
Pre-Algebra
Diocese of Sioux City
Standards and Benchmarks
9-12 Math
Standard 6: Understands and applies problem solving strategies
Benchmark 1: Build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving.
Benchmark 2: Solve problems that arise in mathematical and in other contexts.
Benchmark 3: Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems.
Benchmark 4: Monitor and reflect on the process of mathematical problem solving.
Diocese of Sioux City 6 2006
Pre-Algebra
Diocese of Sioux City
Standards and Benchmarks
9-12 Math
Standard 7: Uses Reasoning and Proof
Benchmark 1: Make and investigate mathematical conjectures.
Benchmark 2: Select and use various types of reasoning.
Diocese of Sioux City 7 2006
Pre-Algebra
Diocese of Sioux City
Standards and Benchmarks
9-12 Math
Standard 8: Communicates Mathematically
Benchmark 1: Organize and consolidate their mathematical thinking through communication.
Benchmark 2: Communicate their mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers,
teachers, and others.
Benchmark 3: Analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking and strategies of others.
Benchmark 4: Use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely.
Diocese of Sioux City 8 2006
Pre-Algebra
Diocese of Sioux City
Standards and Benchmarks
9-12 Math
Standard 9: Connections
Benchmark 1: Recognize and use connections among mathematical ideas.
Benchmark 2: Understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to
produce a coherent whole.
Benchmark 3: Recognize and apply mathematics in contexts outside of mathematics.
Diocese of Sioux City 9 2006
Pre-Algebra
Diocese of Sioux City
Standards and Benchmarks
9-12 Math
Standard 10: Representation
Benchmark 1: Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate
mathematical ideas.
Benchmark 2: Select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve
problems.
Benchmark 3: Use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical
phenomena.
Diocese of Sioux City 10 2006