This table is adopted from T. Ebrahimi and M. Kunt, “ Visual data compression for multimedia
applications”, Proc. IEEE, vol.86, pp. 1109-1125, June 1998. Some minor changes have been made.
Recent standards such as H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10, Dirac, AVS China, JPEG-LS, JPEG-XR, JBIG, VC-1
(SMPTE), VC-2 are now added.
Standard Standardization Main Target Main Compression Main Target
body Bitrate Technologies Applications
JPEG ISO/IEC Compression ratio 2-30 -DCT -Internet Imaging
-Perceptual quantization -Digital photography
-Zig zag reordering -Image and video Editing
-Huffman coding
-Arithmetic coding
JPEG2000 ISO/IEC Compression ratio 2-50 Wavelets EBCOT -Internet Imaging
-Digital photography
-Image and video Editing
-Printing
-Medical imaging
-Mobile applications
-Color fax
-Satellite imaging
-Region of interest coding, photo and art
digital libraries, progressive transmission by
pixel accuracy or resolution, laser print
rendering, pre-press imagery
JPEG-LS ISO/IEC Part1 - Lossless and near lossless coding of
Part1 and -Context Modeling continuous tone still images
Part2 -Prediction
-Golomb Codes
Part2
-Arithmetic coding -Lossless and near lossless coding of
-More effective prediction continuous tone still images.
- Modified Golomb coding
JBIG1- JBIG-2 ISO/IEC JBIG1- Compression JBIG1 -Progressive (lossy to lossless) coding for
JTC1/SC29/WG1 ratio 20:1 -Context based arithmetic coder fax apparatus
ITU-T (dynamically adaptive to the
JBIG2 - Compression statistics of each pixel content)
ratio2-4 items higher -Progressive/Sequential Encoding
than JBIG1
JBIG2 -Document storage & archiving
-Lossy, lossless & lossy to lossless -Coding images on WWW.
image compressions. -Wireless data transmission
-High quality progressive coding -Print spooling.
-Content progressive coding. -Teleconferencing.
-Content based (text, halftones, line -Interactive multimedia
art, large characters) decomposition
& coding
-Model based coding, soft pattern
matching, pattern matching &
substitution
-File formats to enclose the coded bi-
level image
-Data (both sequential & random
access)
JPEG-XR ISO/IEC Based on HD Photo of Microsoft -Storage and Interchange of continuous
(Windows Media Photo) tone photographic content (Lossless and
lossy )
MPEG-1 ISO/IEC Bitrates up to about -DCT -Storage on CD-ROM
1.5Mb/s -Perceptual quantization -Consumer video
-Adaptive quantization Digital camera
-Zig zag reordering
-Predictive motion compensation
-Bi-directional motion compensation
-Half-sample accuracy motion
estimation
-Huffman coding
-Arithmetic coding
MPEG-2 ISO/IEC Bitrates 1.5Mb/s up to -DCT -Digital TV
about 35Mb/s -Perceptual quantization -Digital HDTV
-Adaptive quantization -High quality video
-Zig zag reordering -Satellite TV
-Predictive motion compensation -Cable TV
-Bi-directional motion compensation -Terrestrial broadcast
-Frame/field based motion -Video editing
compensation -Video storage
-Half pixel accuracy motion Digital camera
estimation
Spatial scalability
-Quality scalability
-Huffman coding
-Arithmetic coding
-Error resilient coding
MPEG-4 Part- ISO/IEC Bitrates 8 Kb/s up to -DCT -Internet
2 visual about 35Mb/s -Wavelet -Interactive video
-Perceptual quantization -Visual editing
-Adaptive quantization -Content manipulation
-Zig zag reordering -Consumer video
-Zero tree reordering -Professional video
-Predictive motion compensation -2D/3D computer graphics
-Bi-directional motion compensation -Mobile
-Frame/field based motion
compensation
-Half-sample accuracy motion
estimation
-Advanced motion estimation
-Overlapping motion compensation
-Spatial scalability
-Temporal scalability
-Quality scalability
-View dependent scalability
-bitmap shape coding
-Sprite coding
-Face animation
-Dynamic mesh coding
-Huffman coding
-Arithmetic coding
-Error resilient coding
H.261 ITU-T Bitrates p x 64kb/s -DCT -ISDN video-conferencing
(p: 1-31) -Adaptive quantization
-Zig zag reordering
-Predictive motion compensation
-Integer-sample accuracy motion
estimation
-Huffman coding
-Error resilient coding
H.262 ITU-T Bitrates 1.5Mb/s up to -DCT -Digital TV
about 35Mb/s -Perceptual quantization -Digital HDTV
-Adaptive quantization -High quality video
-Zig zag reordering -Satellite TV
-Predictive motion compensation -Cable TV
-Bi-directional motion compensation -Terrestrial broadcast
-Frame/field based motion -Video editing
compensation -Video storage
-Half pixel accuracy motion Digital camera
estimation
Spatial scalability
-Quality scalability
-Huffman coding
-Arithmetic coding
-Error resilient coding
H.263 ITU-T Bitrates 8 Kb/s up to -DCT -POTS video-telephony
about 1.5Mb/s -Adaptive quantization -Desktop video telephony
-Zig zag reordering -Mobile video telephony
-Predictive motion compensation
-Bi-directional motion compensation
-Half-sample accuracy motion
estimation
-Advanced motion estimation
-Overlapping motion compensation
-Huffman coding
-Arithmetic coding
-Error resilient coding
H.264/MPEG- JVT ( ISO/IEC & ITU- Bitrates 8 Kb/s up to -IntDCT -Broadcast over cable, terrestrial and
4 Part 10 T) about 150 Mb/s -Adaptive quantization satellite
-Zig zag reordering -Interactive or serial storage on optical and
-Alternate Scan ordering magnetic devices, DVD etc
-Predictive motion compensation -Conversational services
-Bi-directional motion compensation -Video on demand
_MMS over ISDN, DSL, Ethernet, LAN,
-Variable block size motion wireless and mobile networks
compensation with small block sizes HDTV
-Quarter pixel motion compensation Digital camera
-Motion vector over picture
boundaries
-Multiple reference picture motion
compensation
Adaptive intra directional prediction
Loop filter
-Arithmetic coding
-Variable length coding
-Error resilient coding
AVS Part 2 AVS workgroup Bitrates 1 Mb/s up to – Interlace handling: Picture-level -HD broadcasting
about 20 Mb/s adaptive frame/field coding (PAFF) -High density storage media
Macroblock-level adaptive -Video surveillances
frame/field coding (MBAFF) -Video on demand
– Intra prediction: 5 modes for luma
and 4 modes for chroma
– Motion compensation:
16x16/16x8/8x16/8x8 block size
– Resolution of MV: 1/4-pel, 4-tap
interpolation filter
– Transform: 16bit-implemented 8x8
integer cosine transform
– Quantization and scaling: scaling
only in encoder
– Entropy coding: 2D-VLC and
Arithmetic Coding
– In-loop deblocking filter
– Motion vector prediction
–Adaptive scan
AVS Part 7 AVS workgroup Bitrates 1 Mb/s up to – Intra prediction: 9 modes for luma -Record and local playback on mobile
about 20 Mb/s and 3 modes for chroma devices
– Motion compensation: 16×16, -Multimedia Message Service (MMS)
16×8, 8×16, 8×8, 8×4, 4×8 block size -Streaming and broadcasting
– Resolution of MV: 1/4-pel - Real-time video conversation
– Transform: 16bit-implemented 4x4
integer cosine transform
– Quantization and scaling: scaling
only in encoder
– Entropy coding: Context based
adaptive 2D variable length coding.
– In-loop deblocking filter
Dirac BBC R&D Bit rates: Few hundred - 4x4 Wavelet transform - Broadcasting
Mozilla Public Kbps up to about - Dead-zone quantization and scaling - Live streaming video
License (MPL) 15Mbps - Entropy coding: Arithmetic coding - Pod casting
- Hierarchical motion estimation - Peer to peer transfers
- Intra, Inter prediction - HDTV with SD (standard definition)
- Single and Multiple reference P, B simulcast capability
frames - Desktop production
- 1/8 pel motion vector precision - News links
- 4x4 orthogonal block based motion - Archive storage
compensation (OBMC) - PVRs (personal video recorder)
- Daubechies wavelet filters - Multilevel Mezzanine coding
DiracPRO BBC R&D Bit rates: Lossless HD to - 4x4 Wavelet transform - Professional (high quality, low latency)
(SMPTE VC-2) SMPTE < 50Mbit/s - Dead-zone quantization and scaling applications (not for end user distribution).
- Entropy coding: Context based - Lossless or visually lossless compression
Compression ratio 20:1 adaptive binary arithmetic coding for archives.
(CABAC), exp-Golomb coding - Mezzanine compression for re-use of
- Intra-frame only (forward, existing equipment.
backward prediction modes also - Low delay compression for live video
available) links.
- Frame, Field coding (Interlace and
progressive)
- Daubechies wavelet filters
MPEG -7 ISO/IEC -Standardized content based description of
(Multimedia various types of multimedia info such as
content still pictures, graphics, text, video, audio
description etc, and info about their combination for
interface) multimedia presentation. To help
multimedia search engines for browsing,
search and retrieval. Visual retrieval
systems (e.g. video databases,
teleshopping, medical and remote sensing
applications), auditory retrieval systems
(e.g., Karaoke and music sales and
historical speech database). Beyond-search
applications (e.g., agent driven media
selection and filtering, and intelligent
multimedia presentation), other
applications such as Education or
Surveillance. Cross Modal Retrieval
systems.
MRC (Mixed ITU-T Up to 33.6kbps Multilayer and multi-resolution -Internet color fax, color fax over PSTN,
raster representation. Compression Digipaper, High quality document image
Content) algorithms are designed and compression
optimized for each layer
VC-1 (WMV- SMPTE 421M 10Kbps – 8 Mbps - IntDCT - Media delivery over the internet
9) - Adaptive block size transform [ - Broadcast TV
(8x8), (8x4), (4x8) and (4x4) ] - HD DVD
- Motion estimation for (16x16) and - Digital projection in theaters, mobile
(8x8) blocks phones
- ½ pixel and ¼ pixel motion vector - DVB-T, DVB-S
resolution
- Dead zone and uniform
quantization
- Multiple VLCs
- In-loop de-block filtering, fading
compensation