Inter text uality

							                     There are no strict
                     conclusions in this composite
                     text
                     which I regard as always
                     already entangling with a vast
                     world (while it is being read):
                     that of the multi-faceted
                     virtual realities
                     of its reader(s).
                     - Diane Caney




Intertextuality
         Chapter 4
     Norman Fairclough
Discourse and Social Change
                 Origins and Development

•   Term coined by Kristeva in reference to Bakhtin’s –translinguistic
    approach to text analysis as specifically linked to his theory of genre

•   Kristeva notes that intertexuality implies ‘the insertion of history
    (society) into a text and of this text into history’ . Bakhtin points to how
    text responds to other text and shapes or anticipates new texts - this
    concept is neglected in mainstream linguistics

                             HISTORY/SOCIETY


TEXT                                                                TEXT




                             HISTORY/SOCIETY
       Ocular Echoism




• the art of ellis g
• http://www.current.tv/watch/2850289
                       Vertical and Horizontal
  •   Horizontal and vertical dimensions/axes of intertextuality

  •   Horizontal is what text come before and what texts follow -
      connected dialogically between author, reader, writer, speaker,
      listener

  •   Vertical references the text historically or socially to other texts

  •   EX: A poem I wrote about Iraq may have the following intertextual
      spheres
NYT Iraq headline
Play I saw about Vietnam
Other war poems


                                                          Conversations
                                                          Co created knowledge
                                                          A song I heard that day
                                                          My friends reaction to the
                                                          poem
            Our-own-ness
• Our speech is filled with others words …

• All constituted by elements of other texts …

• Think about phrases/words/ideas you use as
  your own. Where do they come from? How
  did they come to you? How have you
  transformed them?
              Relationship between
     intertextuality and hegemony or power
              (helps explain interdiscursivity)



• Intertexuality points to how texts are produced
  and can transform prior understandings,
  restructure existing ideas and generate new
  ones.
• Ability to do this requires access – that access
  is socially constrained
• Who has access?
• What texts/voices/stories/discourses are
  privileged?
• Example: axis of evil
                     Critical Dimensions in
                      Discourse Analysis

• Manifest intertextuality - Present in text, marked or cued, or
  present through reference or response to previous text.

• Interdiscursivity (constitutive intertextuality) - orders of
  discourse weigh over types of discourse. Content over carriage.
  Applied to societal order, institutional order, type of discourse,
  elements of discourse, styles of discourse. Can determine
  hierarchy of worth as connected to hegemonic power.

• Textual ‘transformations’ - distributional networks and
  intertextual chains - how text is produced, consumed,
  transformed. See “axis of evil “.

• Role of text in forming social identities. Text as social identity
  marker. Linked to idea of cultural capital.