BIOLOGY LOG BOOKS
FIRST SEMESTER TOPICS
Nature of Science/Nature of Biology
Ecology
Biochemistry
Cell Structure
Cell Transport
Cell Energy
Cell Division
DNA/Protein Synthesis
Mendelian Genetics
Genetic Technology
AKS REVIEW
NATURE OF SCIENCE/NATURE OF BIOLOGY
AKS CORRRELATION (AKS indicated with an asterisk will be addressed throughout the year and are listed here as a point of reference)
1. Design and conduct scientific investigations (GPS, HSGT, ACT) (SCBI_A2005-1)
2 . Apply standard safety practices for all classroom laboratory and field investigations (GPS, HSGT)
(SCBI_A2005-2)*
3. Use technology to collect, observe, measure and manipulate data and findings (GPS, HSGT, ACT)
(SCBI_A2005-3)*
4. Use valid critical assumptions to draw conclusions (GPS, HSGT, ACT) (SCBI_A2005-4)*
5. Apply computation and skills necessary for analyzing data and developing conclusions (GPS, HSGT)(SCBI_A2005-5)*
6. Communicate scientific investigations clearly (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_A2005-6)
7. Read scientific materials to establish context for subject matter, develop vocabulary and to be aware of current research (GPS, HSGT)
(SCBI_A2005-7)*
GPS CORRELATION (Standards indicated with an asterisk will be addressed throughout the entire year)
Habits of Mind
SCSh1. Students will evaluate the importance of curiosity, honesty, openness, and skepticism in science.*
SCSh2. Students will use standard safety practices for all classroom laboratory and field investigations.*
SCSh3. Students will identify and investigate problems scientifically.
SCSh4. Students use tools/ instruments for observing, measuring & manipulating scientific equipment /materials.*
SCSh5. Students will demonstrate the computation and estimation skills necessary for analyzing data and developing reasonable scientific
explanations.
SCSh6. Students will communicate scientific investigations and information clearly.
The Nature of Science
SCSh7. Students analyze how scientific knowledge is developed.
SCSh8. Students will understand important features of the process of scientific inquiry.
SCSh9. Students will enhance reading in all curriculum areas.*
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1. Write a brief description of these terms used in scientific research (which uses the scientific method):
a. control group d. controlled experiment g. data analysis
b. independent variable e. data collection h. hypothesis
c. dependent variable f. inference i. observation j. conclusions
2. Place the steps of the scientific method from #1 above in a logical order for proper research. Note: you may use some terms
more than once.
3. Distinguish among hypotheses, theories and laws.
4. Identify the metric units for the following. Give 2 examples for each using a practical application in bio class.
a. mass b. solid and liquid volume c. length d. density e. temperature
5. Identify the following types of graphs. Draw an example of each and explain when it would best be used.
a. line graph b. bar graph c. pie graph
6. Define science as either a subject or a process. Defend your answer.
7. Identify the following divisions of biology (look up in book, dictionary or internet if necessary):
a. Botany e. Genetics i. Zoology m. Ecology
b. Anatomy f. Physiology j. Biochemistry n. Cytology
c. Endocrinology g. Taxonomy k. Microbiology o. Anthropology
d. Archeology h. Entomology l. Paleontology p. Epidemiology
8. Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative data. Give an example of each.
9. List the 8 characteristics of living organisms and describe each.
10. Create a chart like the one below and fill in with information for 5 safety rules:
State the Rule Why is it important to follow? What could happen if you don’t
follow it?
AKS REVIEW
ECOLOGY
AKS CORRELATION
11. Evaluate the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems (GPS, HSGT, CE) (SCBI_B2005-11)
11a - investigate the relationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and
biomes (GPS)
11b - explain the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems by arranging the components of a food chain by energy flow, comparing the quantity of energy in
the steps of an energy pyramid, explaining the need for cycling of major nutrients (C,H,O,N,P), and identifying and illustrating the conservation of matter and
energy (GPS)
11c - relate environmental conditions to successional changes in ecosystems (GPS)
11d - assess and explain human activities that influence and modify the environment such as global warming, population growth, pesticide use, and water/power
consumption (GPS)
11e - relate plant adaptations, including tropisms, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions (GPS)
11f - relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions (GPS)
GPS CORRELATION
SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.
a. Investigate the relationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes.
b. Explain the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems by
• Arranging components of a food chain according to energy flow.
• Comparing the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid.
• Explaining the need for cycling of major nutrients (C, O, H, N, P).
c. Relate environmental conditions to successional changes in ecosystems.
d. Assess and explain human activities that influence and modify the environment such as global warming, population growth, pesticide use, and water and power
consumption.
e. Relate plant adaptations, including tropisms, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions.
f. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions.
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1. Define:
a. biotic potential b. carrying capacity c. limiting factors d. population e. biomass
2. Compare population growth in populations without limiting factors and populations influenced by limiting factors. Give a specific
example of each type of growth.
3. List the climate, plant life, animal life, and main characteristics for each of the biomes.
Biome Climate Plant Life Animal Life Other Characteristics
Desert
Grassland
Taiga (coniferous)
Temperate Forest
(deciduous) Forest
Tropical Rain
Tundra
Marine
4. Diagram both a marine and terrestrial food web. For each:
a. Identify food chains within the food web. e. Identify trophic levels.
b. Identify producers. f. Identify first order consumers.
c. Identify second order consumers. g. Identify carnivores.
d. Identify herbivores.
5. Compare & contrast: a. primary succession & secondary succession b. parasitism, mutualism, commensalisms c. autotroph &
heterotroph d. habitat & niche e. biotic & abiotic factors
f. density-dependent limiting factors & density-independent limiting factors g. interspecific & intraspecific competition
h. exponential growth & logistical growth i. biomass & energy
6. Select one ecological problem caused by man (acid rain, pollution, etc.). Analyze its impact and identify a possible solution.
7. Choose 3 plant adaptations and describe how each allows the plant to withstand stressful environmental conditions.
8. Choose 3 animal adaptations (including at least one behavior) and describe how each allows the animal to live withstand stressful
environmental conditions.
9. Gateway Style Question – A population of trout has declined drastically after the forest surrounding it was developed into a subdivision.
A local ecologist thinks reduced biomass in the forest is affecting the trout population. Trout eat frogs, which each grasshoppers which eat
grass in the field. In your answer, discuss how reduced biomass in the forest could affect the trout population. Create a biomass and energy
pyramid before and after the development of the forest (make up the numbers as long as they follow the principles of energy flow and 10%
rule).
10. Make simplified, labeled diagrams showing: H2O cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle.
AKS REVIEW
ECOLOGY
AKS CORRELATION
11. Evaluate the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems (GPS, HSGT, CE) (SCBI_B2005-11)
11a - investigate the relationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and
biomes (GPS)
11b - explain the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems by arranging the components of a food chain by energy flow, comparing the quantity of energy in
the steps of an energy pyramid, explaining the need for cycling of major nutrients (C,H,O,N,P), and identifying and illustrating the conservation of matter and
energy (GPS)
11c - relate environmental conditions to successional changes in ecosystems (GPS)
11d - assess and explain human activities that influence and modify the environment such as global warming, population growth, pesticide use, and water/power
consumption (GPS)
11e - relate plant adaptations, including tropisms, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions (GPS)
11f - relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions (GPS)
GPS CORRELATION
SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.
a. Investigate the relationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes.
b. Explain the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems by
• Arranging components of a food chain according to energy flow.
• Comparing the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid.
• Explaining the need for cycling of major nutrients (C, O, H, N, P).
c. Relate environmental conditions to successional changes in ecosystems.
d. Assess and explain human activities that influence and modify the environment such as global warming, population growth, pesticide use, and water and power
consumption.
e. Relate plant adaptations, including tropisms, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions.
f. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions.
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1. Define:
a. biotic potential b. carrying capacity c. limiting factors d. population e. biomass
2. Compare population growth in populations without limiting factors and populations influenced by limiting factors. Give a specific
example of each type of growth.
3. List the climate, plant life, animal life, and main characteristics for each of the biomes.
Biome Climate Plant Life Animal Life Other Characteristics
Desert
Grassland
Taiga (coniferous)
Temperate Forest
(deciduous)
Tropical Rain Forest
Tundra
Marine
4.Diagram both a marine and terrestrial food web. For each:
a. Identify food chains within the food web. e. Identify trophic levels.
b. Identify producers. f. Identify first order consumers.
c. Identify second order consumers. g. Identify carnivores.
d. Identify herbivores.
5.Compare & contrast: a. primary succession & secondary succession b. parasitism, mutualism, commensalisms c. autotroph &
heterotroph d. habitat & niche e. biotic & abiotic factors
f. density-dependent limiting factors & density-independent limiting factors g. interspecific & intraspecific competition
h. exponential growth & logistical growth i. biomass & energy
6. Select one ecological problem caused by man (acid rain, pollution, etc.). Analyze its impact and identify a possible solution.
7. Choose 3 plant adaptations and describe how each allows the plant to withstand stressful environmental conditions.
8. Choose 3 animal adaptations (including at least one behavior) and describe how each allows the animal to live withstand stressful
environmental conditions.
9. Gateway Style Question – A population of trout has declined drastically after the forest surrounding it was developed into a subdivision.
A local ecologist thinks reduced biomass in the forest is affecting the trout population. Trout eat frogs, which each grasshoppers which eat
grass in the field. In your answer, discuss how reduced biomass in the forest could affect the trout population. Create a biomass and energy
pyramid before and after the development of the forest (make up the numbers as long as they follow the principles of energy flow and 10%
rule).
10. Make simplified, labeled diagrams showing: H2O cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle.
AKS REVIEW
BIOCHEMISTRY
AKS CORRELATION
8. Analyze the relationship between structures and functions in living cells (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-8)
8j - explain how enzymes function as catalysts (GPS)
8k - describe the four basic types of organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) and their function in the
cell (GPS)
8e - identify the elements that comprise living cells
8f - explain the special properties and role of water in living systems
GPS CORRELATION
SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts.
c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).
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1. What four elements are the most common in the human body? How do we get them?
2. Draw a dot diagram of a Carbon atom. Identify the parts of the carbon atom. Explain why carbon readily makes 4 covalent bonds.
3. How do atoms, ions and isotopes differ?
4. Describe two types of bonds that hold atoms of a compound together. Why do elements bond (think electrons!)
5. Draw a molecule of water. Explain what polarity is and how it gives rise to water’s unique properties.
6. Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis.
7. Describes the four basic types of organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) and their functions in the cell:
Compound Elements Monomer(s) Function(s) Examples Lab Test/+ result
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Not applicable
8. Explain the pH scale. Which ions do acids and bases make? Give common examples of acids and bases.
9. Compare and contrast dehydration synthesis (condensation) and hydrolysis reactions.
10. Describe the role of enzymes in living things. Indicate how temperature and pH affect enzymes.
11. Discuss in a minimum of 4 sentences how biochemistry affects living organisms. Consider the terms structure, function, water,
bonds, metabolism, pH, solution, and food in your answer.
12. Gateway style question – You are a researcher attempting to create a 1,000 monomer polysaccharide from glucose. You have
designed an enzyme to use to catalyze this reaction called carbosynthase. You add glucose and carbosynthase to a test tube and perform
a chemical id test BEFORE the reaction has started. The Benedict’s test is orange, the Iodine test is yellow and the Biuret’s test is
purple. After the reaction occurs, you perform the chemical id test again. The Benedict’s test is blue, the Iodine test is black and the
Biuret’s test is purple.
Task: a) What type of reaction were you trying to attempt – dehydration synthesis (aka condensation) or hydrolysis?
b) Explain the outcome of the experiment – did the reaction work?
c) What do each of the results of the chemical ID tests show?
d) Did anything happen to the carbosynthase during the reaction? Why or why not?
AKS REVIEW
BIOCHEMISTRY
AKS CORRELATION
8. Analyze the relationship between structures and functions in living cells (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-8)
8j - explain how enzymes function as catalysts (GPS)
8k - describe the four basic types of organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) and their function in the
cell (GPS)
8e - identify the elements that comprise living cells
8f - explain the special properties and role of water in living systems
GPS CORRELATION
SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts.
c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).
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1. What four elements are the most common in the human body? How do we get them?
2. Draw a dot diagram of a Carbon atom. Identify the parts of the carbon atom. Explain why carbon readily makes 4 covalent bonds.
3. How do atoms, ions and isotopes differ?
4. Describe two types of bonds that hold atoms of a compound together. Why do elements bond (think electrons!)
5. Draw a molecule of water. Explain what polarity is and how it gives rise to water’s unique properties.
6. Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis.
7. Describes the four basic types of organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) and their functions in the cell:
Compound Elements Monomer(s) Function(s) Examples Lab Test/+ result
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Not applicable
8. Explain the pH scale. Which ions do acids and bases make? Give common examples of acids and bases.
9. Compare and contrast dehydration synthesis (condensation) and hydrolysis reactions.
10. Describe the role of enzymes in living things. Indicate how temperature and pH affect enzymes.
11. Discuss in a minimum of 4 sentences how biochemistry affects living organisms. Consider the terms structure, function, water,
bonds, metabolism, pH, solution, and food in your answer.
12. Gateway style question – You are a researcher attempting to create a 1,000 monomer polysaccharide from glucose. You have
designed an enzyme to use to catalyze this reaction called carbosynthase. You add glucose and carbosynthase to a test tube and perform
a chemical id test BEFORE the reaction has started. The Benedict’s test is orange, the Iodine test is yellow and the Biuret’s test is
purple. After the reaction occurs, you perform the chemical id test again. The Benedict’s test is blue, the Iodine test is black and the
Biuret’s test is purple.
Task: a) What type of reaction were you trying to attempt – dehydration synthesis (aka condensation) or hydrolysis?
b) Explain the outcome of the experiment – did the reaction work?
c) What do each of the results of the chemical ID tests show?
d) Did anything happen to the carbosynthase during the reaction? Why or why not?
AKS REVIEW
CELL STRUCTURE, FUNCTION & TRANSPORT
AKS CORRELATION
8. Analyze the relationship between structures and functions in living cells (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-8)
8a - state the cell theory
8c - identify common cell organelles and describe the function of each (e.g. diagrams and microscopic examinations)
8d - explain the role of cell organelles (including the cell membrane) in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction for both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (GPS)
GPS CORRELATION
SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining
homeostasis and cell reproduction.
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1. Distinguish between: a. a prokaryote and a eukaryote. b. a unicellular organism and a multicellular organism
c. a plant cell and an animal cell
2. State all parts of the Cell theory. Include which scientist(s) contributed to each part.
3. Draw the following chart and fill it in:
CELL ORGANELLE FUNCTIONS FOUND IN: FOUND IN:
Plant, Animal or Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
both?
CELL WALL
CENTRIOLES
CHLOROPLASTS
CILIA
CYTOPLASM
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
FLAGELLA
GOLGI BODIES
LYSOSOMES
MITOCHONDRIA
NUCLEOLUS
NUCLEUS
PLASMA MEMBRANE
RIBOSOMES
VACUOLES
4. Distinguish between
a. a compound light microscope and an electron microscope b. magnification and resolution
5. Identify the functions of the following parts of a microscope:
a. Objectives b. Diaphragm c. Coarse adjustment d. Fine adjustment
6. Describe the process of microscope technique and usage for the following:
a. finding total magnification b. making a wet mount slide
7. Describe the structure of a plasma membrane. Sketch and label a simple model of the structure. Include at least 2 types of membrane
proteins and describe how they function.
8. Compare and contrast passive and active transport.
9. Briefly describe the 3 types of passive transport (osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion).
10. Create a chart like the one below. Compare the reaction of plant and animal cells in solutions of different solute concentrations.
Include sketches.
Plant cells Animal cells
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
11. Discuss how concentration gradient, pressure and temperature affect the rate of passive transport.
12. Briefly describe the 3 types of active transport (pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis).
13. Gateway Style: How does the cell membrane and cell transport maintain homeostasis in a cell? Explain using 1 example of active
transport and 1 example of passive transport.
AKS REVIEW
CELL STRUCTURE, FUNCTION & TRANSPORT
AKS CORRELATION
8. Analyze the relationship between structures and functions in living cells (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-8)
8a - state the cell theory
8c - identify common cell organelles and describe the function of each (e.g. diagrams and microscopic examinations)
8d - explain the role of cell organelles (including the cell membrane) in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction for both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (GPS)
GPS CORRELATION
SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining
homeostasis and cell reproduction.
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1. Distinguish between: a. a prokaryote and a eukaryote. b. a unicellular organism and a multicellular organism
d. a plant cell and an animal cell
2. State all parts of the Cell theory. Include which scientist(s) contributed to each part.
3. Draw the following chart and fill it in:
CELL ORGANELLE FUNCTIONS FOUND IN: FOUND IN:
Plant, Animal or Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
both?
CELL WALL
CENTRIOLES
CHLOROPLASTS
CILIA
CYTOPLASM
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
FLAGELLA
GOLGI BODIES
LYSOSOMES
MITOCHONDRIA
NUCLEOLUS
NUCLEUS
PLASMA MEMBRANE
RIBOSOMES
VACUOLES
4. Distinguish between
a. a compound light microscope and an electron microscope b. magnification and resolution
5. Identify the functions of the following parts of a microscope:
a. Objectives b. Diaphragm c. Coarse adjustment d. Fine adjustment
6. Describe the process of microscope technique and usage for the following:
a. finding total magnification b. making a wet mount slide
7. Describe the structure of a plasma membrane. Sketch and label a simple model of the structure. Include at least 2 types of membrane
proteins and describe how they function.
8. Compare and contrast passive and active transport.
9. Describe the 3 types of passive transport (osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion).
10. Create a chart like the one below. Compare the reaction of plant and animal cells in solutions of different solute concentrations. Include
sketches.
Plant cells Animal cells
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
11. Discuss how concentration gradient, pressure and temperature affect the rate of passive transport.
12. Describe the 3 types of active transport (pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis).
13. Gateway Style: How does the cell membrane and cell transport maintain homeostasis in a cell? Explain using 1 example of active
transport and 1 example of passive transport.
AKS REVIEW
CELL STRUCTURE, FUNCTION & TRANSPORT
AKS CORRELATION
8. Analyze the relationship between structures and functions in living cells (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-8)
8a - state the cell theory
8c - identify common cell organelles and describe the function of each (e.g. diagrams and microscopic examinations)
8d - explain the role of cell organelles (including the cell membrane) in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction for both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (GPS)
GPS CORRELATION
SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining
homeostasis and cell reproduction.
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4. Distinguish between: a. a prokaryote and a eukaryote. b. a unicellular organism and a multicellular organism
e. a plant cell and an animal cell
5. State all parts of the Cell theory. Include which scientist(s) contributed to each part.
6. Draw the following chart and fill it in:
CELL ORGANELLE FUNCTIONS FOUND IN: FOUND IN:
Plant, Animal or Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
both?
CELL WALL
CENTRIOLES
CHLOROPLASTS
CILIA
CYTOPLASM
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
FLAGELLA
GOLGI BODIES
LYSOSOMES
MITOCHONDRIA
NUCLEOLUS
NUCLEUS
PLASMA MEMBRANE
RIBOSOMES
VACUOLES
4. Distinguish between
a. a compound light microscope and an electron microscope b. magnification and resolution
5. Identify the functions of the following parts of a microscope:
a. Objectives b. Diaphragm c. Coarse adjustment d. Fine adjustment
6. Describe the process of microscope technique and usage for the following:
a. finding total magnification b. making a wet mount slide
7. Describe the structure of a plasma membrane. Sketch and label a simple model of the structure. Include at least 2 types of membrane
proteins and describe how they function.
8. Compare and contrast passive and active transport.
9. Describe the 3 types of passive transport (osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion).
10. Create a chart like the one below. Compare the reaction of plant and animal cells in solutions of different solute concentrations. Include
sketches.
Plant cells Animal cells
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
11. Discuss how concentration gradient, pressure and temperature affect the rate of passive transport.
12. Describe the 3 types of active transport (pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis).
13. Gateway Style: How does the cell membrane and cell transport maintain homeostasis in a cell? Explain using 1 example of active
transport and 1 example of passive transport.
AKS REVIEW
CELL TRANSPORT
AKS CORRELATION
8. Analyze the relationship between structures and functions in living cells (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-8)
8d - explain the role of cell organelles (including the cell membrane) in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction for both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (GPS)
8g - describe processes whereby substances enter and leave the cell (passive and active transport
mechanisms)
8h - investigate factors that affect the rate of cellular transport
8i - compare the reaction of plant and animal cells in solutions of different solute concentrations (i.e., isotonic, hypotonic,
hypertonic solutions)
GPS CORRELATION
SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
SB3. Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.
a. Relate the complexity and organization of organisms to their ability for obtaining, transforming, transporting, releasing, and
eliminating the matter and energy used to sustain the organism.
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1. Define homeostasis.
2. Give an example of a homeostatic mechanism in a unicellular organism. Explain how it works.
3. Give an example of a homeostatic mechanism in a multicellular organism. Explain how it works.
4. Define diffusion and osmosis.
5. Describe the structure of a plasma membrane. Sketch and label a simple model of the structure. Include at least 2 types of membrane
proteins and describe how they function.
6. Distinguish between active and passive transport.
7. Identify factors that affect the rate of cellular transport.
8. Create a chart like the one below. Compare the reaction of plant and animal cells in solutions of different solute concentrations.
Include sketches.
Plant cells Animal cells
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
9. Explain the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis.
10. Sketch a picture of and describe the processes of pinocytosis and phagocytosis. Under your sketch/description write the following
statement and fill in the blank: “Both of these processes are a form of _______cytosis”
AKS REVIEW
CELL ENERGY – PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION
AKS CORRELATION
8. Analyze the relationship between structures and functions in living cells (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-8)
8l - analyze and describe the process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
GPS CORRELATION
SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
SB3. Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.
a. Relate the complexity and organization of organisms to their ability for obtaining, transforming, transporting, releasing, and
eliminating the matter and energy used to sustain the organism.
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1. Differentiate between endergonic and exergonic reactions.
2. Describe the structure of ATP.
3. State the equation for aerobic respiration. Label reactants and products.
4. Summarize the steps of aerobic respiration.
5. Describe the 2 types of anaerobic respiration.
6. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
7. State the equation for photosynthesis. Label reactants, products, and other necessary components.
8. Discuss the requirements for photosynthesis including origin of the reactants.
9. Summarize the steps of photosynthesis.
10. Describe the structure of chloroplasts.
11. Create a graphic organizer that shows how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related to each other.
12. Describe the structure of a mitochondrion. Explain how mitochondrion structure matches its function.
13. Compare the energy yield between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
AKS REVIEW
CELL DIVISION
AKS CORRELATION
8. Analyze the relationship between structures and functions in living cells (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-8)
8b - describe the cell cycle
9. Analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-9)
9c - explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability (crossing over, non-disjunction) using Mendel’s law (GPS)
9e - compare the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different situations (GPS)
GPS CORRELATION
SB2. Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.
e. Compare the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different situations.
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1. Diagram the phases of mitosis and cytokinesis in an animal cell with 4 chromosomes. Explain what happens in each phase.
2. Differentiate between mitosis in a plant and animal cell.
3. Describe the result of mitosis including the organization of living organisms.
4. Explain the limitations on cell size and the need for cells to divide.
5. Distinguish between mitosis & meiosis (which will be studied in detail later).
6. Reproduce the diagram to the right and
fill it in properly with the following
terms/phrases:
asexual reproduction
cytokinesis
eukaryotes
first growth phase
growth
prokaryotes
repair
second growth phase
sexual reproduction
synthesis phase
AKS REVIEW
DNA/PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
AKS CORRELATION
9. Analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-9)
9a - distinguish between DNA and RNA (GPS)
9b - explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information (GPS)
9f - examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, and agriculture (GPS)
9d - describe the relationship between changes in DNA and potential appearance of new traits including alterations during
replication, insertions, deletions, and substitutions and mutagenic factors that can alter DNA (high energy radiation and chemical)
(GPS)
GPS CORRELATION
SB2. Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.
a. Distinguish between DNA and RNA.
b. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information.
f. Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, and agriculture.
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1. Diagram and label a model of DNA.
2. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information.
3. Site three differences between DNA and RNA.
4. Create a chart like the one below and fill it in:
CHARACTERISTIC DNA mRNA tRNA rRNA
Contains ribose
Contains deoxyribose
Double-stranded
Single-stranded
Involved in translation
Involved in transcription
Contains uracil
Contains thymine
Can be found in the nucleus
Made of nucleotides
5. List the main function for each of the following types of RNA:
a. m RNA
b. r RNA
c. t RNA
6. Summarize the processes of
a. Replication
b. Transcription
c. Translation
7. To illustrate your knowledge of the protein synthesis process, starting with the DNA, complete the following chart.
DNA TAC AAA CCA TTG CGA AAT AGA ATT TGA
mRNA
tRNA
Amino acid
8. Describe how DNA is used in each of the following:
a. Forensics
b. Medicine
c. Agriculture
9. Explain the effect of mutagens. Explain why some changes in DNA structure are inherited and some are not.
10. Describe each of the following types of mutations and explain how new genetic traits can appear as a result of each type of mutation:
a. Alterations during replication c. Deletions
b. Insertions d. Substitutions
AKS REVIEW
MENDELIAN GENETICS
AKS CORRELATION
9. Analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-9)
9c - explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability (crossing over, non-disjunction) using Mendel’s law (GPS)
9g - apply the principles of Mendelian genetics to predict probabilities of offspring
9d - describe the relationship between changes in DNA and potential appearance of new traits including alterations during
replication, insertions, deletions, and substitutions and mutagenic factors that can alter DNA (high energy radiation and chemical)
(GPS)
GPS CORRELATION
SB2. Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.
c. Using Mendel’s laws, explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability.
d. Describe the relationships between changes in DNA and potential appearance of new traits including
• Alterations during replication.
• Insertions
• Deletions
• Substitutions
• Mutagenic factors that can alter DNA.
• High energy radiation (x-rays and ultraviolet)
• Chemical
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1. Diagram the phases of meiosis in an animal cell with 4 chromosomes. Explain what happens in each phase.
2. Describe the differences in sperm and egg formation. Be sure to include the name of each of these processes.
3. Explain the concept of heredity. Include a specific example in your explanation of inheritance in both plants and animals.
4. Define important genetic terms
a. Dominant b. Recessive c. Alleles d. Genotype e. Phenotype
f. Homozygous g. Heterozygous h. diploid i. haploid j. probability
5. Diagram and explain the basic Mendelian genetic principles.
Principle of dominance
Principle of segregation
Principle of independent assortment
6. Carry out and summarize the results of various genetic crosses: (make up a genetic problem for each)
Monohybrid
Dihybrid
7. Compare and contrast crossing over and nondisjunction.
8. Distinguish between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
9. Describe mistakes that might happen during meiosis: Trisomy, monosomy, tripolody
10. Create a sample genetic problem that would require the use of a dihybrid punnett square to solve. Provide the punnett answer and its
resulting probable genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
AKS REVIEW
HUMAN GENETICS/GENETIC TECHNOLOGY
AKS CORRELATION
9. analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations (GPS, HSGT) (SCBI_B2005-9)
9d - describe the relationship between changes in DNA and potential appearance of new traits
including alterations during replication, insertions, deletions, and substitutions and mutagenic factors that
can alter DNA (high energy radiation and chemical) (GPS)
9e - compare the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different
situations (GPS)
GPS CORRELATION
SB2. Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.
e. Compare the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different situations
f. Examine the use of DNA in forensics, medicine and agriculture
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1. Carry out and summarize the results of various genetic crosses: (make up a sample genetic problem for each)
a. Codominance
b. Sex-linked traits
c. Incomplete dominance
d. Multiple alleles
2. Lists significant contributions of genetic engineering to agricultural and medical practices.
3. Discuss one biotechnological advance (cloning, genetic engineering, bioethics, transplants, etc.) and its impact on life.
4. Explain the uses of a pedigree. Create a simple pedigree and explain what it reveals.
5. Describe a genetic disorder associated with:
a. Sex-linked traits
b. Recessive allele
c. Dominant allele
d. Trisomy
6. Describe the processes and benefits of selective breeding of plants and animals.
7. Illustrate and describe the process of recombinant DNA.
8. Summarize the importance of mapping the human genome and its applications.
9. Create a sample DNA fingerprint. Explain how it was created and what it illustrates.
10. Compare multiple allelic and polygenetic inheritance.