CDMA/UMTS SYSTEMS (3G NETWORKS)
VIDEO APPLICATIONS
PREPARED BY :
1- FAHAD AL-SUTAMI
2- JARALLAH AL-RASHID
CDMA/UMTS (VIDEO APPLICATIONS)
OUTLINE :
• INTRODUCTION (WHY 3G) ?
• WIRLESS NETWORKING.
• BASICS OF CDMA.
• MIGRATION TO 3G .
• EVOLUTION OF MESSAGING.
• UMTS OBJECTIVES.
• VIDEO STREAMING.
• CONCLUSION .
• Existing mobile networks (GSM/CDMA) were designed to handle voice
traffic and voice-oriented services.
• Then, when they were introduced into the market it turned out that,
other than voice-oriented, additional services (SMS to set an example)
gained unexpected popularity.
• The need for data transmission through mobile networks has been
growing gradually together with Internet popularity.
Therefore some network upgrades had to be introduced
into existing mobile networks (HSCSD, GPRS).
However, these improvements provide only limited
capability (e.g. GPRS - up to 50kbit/s in reality).
They don't provide flexible, variable data speed,
supporting Quality of Service solutions.
3G Vision
some 3G advantages :
- Multimedia (voice, data & video) exchanging .
-Increased data rates
-384 Kbps while moving
-2 Mbps when stationary at specific
Locations
- Universal global roaming
Multilevel data rates which gives multi-purpose networking .
Many different applications .
CDMA BASICS
• CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is the
backbone technology for UMTS. It splits calls into
fragments and send them over different frequencies
simultaneously.
• The use of multiple frequencies gives CDMA effective
protection against interference and lost calls.
• CDMA supports true packet switching and does not
use time slots, therefore it is more bandwidth efficient
than TDMA -- also a more direct path to 3G.
• Current CDMA penetration in the world market is
about 27%.
Important Issue
IMPACT OF VOICE And DATA TRAFFIC:
The provision of multimedia services to mobile users is one
of the main goals of 3G systems.
The traffic transferred in the network will be composed by
different information flows with various constraints on the
required QoS.
The issue over here is to decide the use of whole
frequencies for all users at the same time !!!
Migration To 3G
3rd Generation Wireless Vision
• Extends current data applications & devices
• Enables breakthrough data services
2nd Generation 3rd Generation
Web Browsing Full Web browsing Streaming
Audio & Video
E-mail E-mail w/
Attachments Online Games
E-Commerce
Richer Video
Telemetry E-Commerce Telephony
Vertical Solutions Multimedia Music Download
Messaging Messaging
Vehicle Location
9.6 Kbps 28.8 Kbps 384 Kbps
Rich Call
Mobile
Multimedia
Multimedia
Message
Versatility of Content and User Benefits
Browsing Picture Service
Messaging
SMS
Text Text & Digital New
Graphics image content
Messaging input types
Time
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) 3G
standard.
UMTS is new choice for operators of GSM networks [GSMA].
UMTS is based on WCDMA radio technology.
The UMTS technology can access to different services ranging
from the classical speech service (8-12,Z Kb/s) to high rate packet
data service (up to2 Mb/s) with different transfer modes.
Circuit switching and packet switching are the two transfer
modes that are available.
• Joint evaluation and optimization of UMTS packet
data services and multimedia applications
• Real-time UMTS radio link emulation is required
for the evaluation of
– interactive applications.
– control loop performance of adaptive applications.
• Support of standard applications:
– IP interface
– QoS support for QoS-unaware IP applications
• Transport channels are divided into dedicated channels,
which can be assigned and then used only for
transmissions to and from a single mobile terminal (MT) at
a time, and common channels which are time shared by
different MTs.
• Speech traffic is transported over dedicated channels.
Dedicated Channels (DCH) are assigned to single users
through set-up and tear down procedures and are power
controlled according to a closed loop mechanism that
adjusts transmission power in order to keep the SIR
(Signal to-Interference-Ratio) at a target value.
Packet data can be delivered using a circuit oriented scheme which
still adopts dedicated channels, or can be delivered using ad-hoc
shared resources. In particular, two different shared channels
are available for packet transmissions: DSCH (Downlink
Shared Channel) and FACH (Forward Access Channel).
DSCH users must have an associated active DCH on the
downlink whose power control mechanism is also used to
control the power of the shared channel itself.
The FACH is shared by many users to transmit short bursts of
data, but, unlike DSCH, no closed-loop power control is exerted
and no DCH must be activated to access this channel.
• HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) data
calls on the third-generation (3G) UMTS .
• In recent tests the HSDPA-enhanced network
delivered sustained over-the-air data rates of more
than three megabits per second .
• supported a variety of high-bandwidth multimedia
services including high-quality streaming video, as
well as fast downloads of high resolution images
and other large files.
3G - UMTS
Base Station
Network Subsystem
Mobile Station Subsystem Other Networks
MSC/ GMSC
BSC VLR PSTN
BTS
ME
SIM
EIR HLR AUC PLMN
RNS
GGSN
SGSN
Node RNC Internet
ME B
USIM
UTRAN
+
SD
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.
UMTS Concepts
WLAN LAN
Application Application
“UMTS Proxy”
Client Server
Real-time UMTS radio link emulation running on Linux PC, multimedia
applications on Laptops, all connected by LAN
Layer 1/2 UMTS radio protocol stack emulation for user plane data traffic,
including:
RLC segmentation & ARQ
MAC scheduling
PHY bit-error injection
Real-time UMTS radio link emulation running on Linux PC, multimedia
applications on Laptops, all connected by LAN
QoS flow concept: individual QoS setting for each TCP or UDP data flow
QoS Flows Concept
Each TCP or UDP connection is treated as an individual flow:
Flows are distinguished by source/destination IP address and port
numbers.
To each flow, an individual service is assigned:
A service is defined by UMTS Traffic Class and maximum bit-
rate.
Services are mapped to UMTS radio link protocol parameters.
Example: differentiation between TCP call setup and UDP data
streaming
Example - Video Streaming
IP-based streaming & videophone applications:
Some but limited delay
UDP transport packet loss
Application specific control loops:
error control by buffering, retransmission,
and slow bit-rate adaptation.
designed for Internet congestion.
Standards & implementations:
Real Video Streaming
Windows Media Streaming
MS NetMeeting (H.323)
Example Session - Parameters
Applications UMTS Proxy
• Windows Media Streaming: • Frame error model:
– multiple bit-rate streams: PB = 0.01, LB = 2,
26/40/60/80/120/200/300 kbps • Service:
(audio: 8 kbps) Streaming 128 kbps, RLC
– buffer: 3 seconds ARQ off
• Real Video Streaming: Streaming 128 kbps, RLC
– multiple bit-rate streams: ARQ on
20/34/45/80/150/225/350/450 Streaming 64 kbps, RLC ARQ
kbps on
(audio: 5-32 kbps) • buffer: 3 seconds (48 kB / 24 kB)
– buffer: 3 seconds
Supported Applications
Standard IP applications (ftp, telnet, etc.)
Web browsing
MS NetMeeting
Real Video Streaming
Windows Media Services
Video enhanced messaging (“miLife”)
... most IP based multimedia application are
configurable to run through the UMTS Proxy!
UMTS Traffic Classes
Traffic Class Conversational Streaming Interactive Background
Conversational RT Streaming RT Interactive best effort Background best
effort
Fundamental Preserve time Preserve time rela- Request response Destination is not
Characteristics relation (variation) tion (variation) be- pattern expecting the data
between information tween information within a certain
Preserve payload
entities of the entities of the stream time
content
stream (i.e. some but
Preserve payload
constant delay)
Conversational content
pattern (stringent
and low delay )
Application Voice, FAX, Web browsing, Background down-
Examples Video, Streaming audio, Email, load of email,
Interactive games Streaming video Ftp, Backdrop delivery
Database retrieval of email,
SMS, FAX,
Download from
database
The UMTS Demonstrator is an integrated, real-time
UMTS radio link emulator + application monitoring tool.
Application UMTS Application
Client Radio Link Server
IP IP
Emulator
Configuration
&
Monitoring
Tool
Conclusion
• We conclude that the CDMA/UMTS networks
are the real future for mobile technology for
more flexibility and numerous different
applications ..