BANDAGING TECHNIQUES
Godofredo Calsado
Nicanor Macaballug
OBJECTIVES
Recognize the uses and applicative procedure of the triangular
bandage in open phase and cravat phase.
Discuss practically and apply the step-by-step procedures
through the illustrations given the uses and application of the
triangular bandage in two phases.
MOTIVATION
Is there anyone among you who encountered or experienced an
incident/accident involving a continuous flow of blood from the inflicted
wound? what did you do? Are you not aware that handkerchief or your shirts
could be of help to control the continuous flow of the blood from the wound of
the victim?
DISCUSSIONS
Triangular Bandage
Triangular bandage are usually made of muslin. They can be made by
simply cutting it diagonally the 60 inch square of a piece of cloth, thereby,
making two triangular bandages. The longer side of the triangular bandage is
called the base with both corners called ends and the corner opposite to the
base is called apex.
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Open Phase Bandaging
A. HEAD – Steps in applying open phase bandage to the head
(Applied when there is wound on top of the head, apply with dressing)
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
In applying open phase With the hem positioned on
bandage for the head, make a hem by the outside, put the middle portion
folding about 2 inches from the base of the bandage’s base on the
forehead just half a finger above
the eyebrows, at the same time
allowing the apex to fall over the
head and down over at the back
of the head.
STEP – 3 STEP – 4
Put the ends of the triangular Firmly hold the compress
bandage at the back of the head of portion by a hand with the other
about half of an inch above the ears, hand gently pulling down gently
crossing them over the apex and bring the apex making the compress
it back towards the forehead and tie it snug; then bring the apex up and
in square knot. tuck it in over and in the bandage
where it should cross at the back
of the head.
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B. CHEST – Steps in applying open phase bandage to the chest.
(Applied when there is wound on either right or left chest of the victim
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
Position the triangular Gently pull the apex and the
bandage on the top of the dressing of other end of the bandage passing
the chest with the apex just below the around the armpit towards the back
armpit. of the victim and tie it in square knot,
be sure to leave extra length for
extra tying.
STEP – 3 STEP – 4
Extend the other end of the bandage Tie the handkerchief to the
at the top of the shoulder by tying extra remaining end of either apex or
additional handkerchief to it in cravat end corner in square knot.
using square knot.
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C. ARMSLING – Steps in applying open phase arm sling bandage
(Applied when there is fracture on either left or right forearm of the
victim)
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
Put the apex of the Bring the lower ends of the
triangular bandage below the triangular bandage (positioned below)
armpit with one of the two (2) ends over the arm at the top of the shoulder
at the top of the shoulder. around the back of the neck over
STEP – 3
Tie both ends using the square
knot and twists the apex and tuck the
corner of the sling at the elbow.
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D. UNDER ARMSLING – Steps in making under Arm sling bandage using
the open phase.
(Applied when there is dislocation on either left or right elbow of the
victim)
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
Same with step – 1 of the Bring the lower end of the
arm sling, place the apex corner of triangular bandage over the arm
the triangular bandage below the passing through under the armpit
armpit with one of the two (2) ends towards the back of the neck.
at the top of the shoulder.
STEP – 3.
Tie both ends at the bandage
using the square knot.
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E. HAND – Steps in making open phase bandage to the hand. (Applied
when there is burned on the hand)
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
Place the wounded hand in the
middle portion of the triangular
bandage; be sure that the wrist is Cover the fingers by placing
aligned at the base of the bandage. the apex on top of the hand and tuck
the excess parts of the bandage
Also, be sure that the finger are
underneath the fingers and form
separated from each other by pleats on every side of both ends as
inserting absorbent materials in illustrated.
between fingers, the process will
prevent the fingers from chaffing and
skin irritation.
STEP – 3 STEP – 4
Bring one of the ends on the The same as step – 3 bring the
top of the hand and take it around the other end on the top of the hand
wrist. around the wrist.
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STEP – 5
Tie both ends using the square knot and hide ends by inserting it to the
bandage.
F. HEAD – Steps in applying open phase bandage on the head of the
victim.
(Applied when there is wound at the back of the victim’s head)
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
Hold the apex of the bandage Using the overhand knot at
at open phase and make an the apex as a reference point, place it
overhand knot at around three (3) to on the top center of the victims’ head.
four (4) inches from the end corner of Following the illustration, roll down
the apex as illustrated. gently both side of the bandage right
at the back of the victim’s ears.
STEP – 3 STEP – 4
Instruct the victim to put At the back of the head,
his/her hand aligned to the throat with cross both end corners and tie it in
two (2) fingers pointing the chin. square knot. Once tied, tuck –in
Slightly pull both end corner of the protruding corners of the bandage.
bandage rolling it over the hand
covering the two (2) fingers and
again pull both ends gently towards
the back of the head.
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Cravat Phase Bandage
A triangular bandage can be folded into a strip for easy application
during emergencies. When folded as illustrated below, the bandage is called a
cravat phase.
How to make a cravat:
Procedure:
Following the illustration through steps put the apex of the triangular
bandage to the middle of the base and continue folding until two (2) inches
width is obtained as illustrated.
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Cravat Phase Bandage
A. HEAD – Steps in applying a cravat bandage to the head (Applied
when the victim has wound on the forehead)
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
Cover the wound with a Cross both ends of the
dressing and place the middle of the bandage and gently pull and wrap
bandage over the wound as illustrated them in opposite directions around
below. the head as illustrated.
STEP – 3
As illustrated below, tie both ends in square knot, making sure that it is
fully tight.
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B. EYE – Steps in applying a cravat bandage to the eye.
(Applied when there is wound or injury in either of the victim’s eye.)
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
Apply a dressing to the affected Cross both ends of the
eye and place the middle of the bandage and gently pull wrap in
bandage over the wound (as opposite direction as illustrated.
illustrated) and slant the bandage and
be sure that it is inclined, make sure
also not to cover the uninjured eye .
Bring the other end at the back of the
head below the ear of the opposite
side.
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STEP – 3
Tie both ends of the bandage either above or lower the wounds
(compress area) in square knot and tuck in the excess ends into the
bandage.
C. OPEN PALM – Steps in applying a cravat bandage to the open palm.
(Applied when there is vertical wound on either right or left palm of the
victim.)
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
Apply a dressing to the Bring the end of the cravat
wounded area and lay the mid of the from the little finger across back of
cravat bandage over the palm with the hand rolling it upward over the
the ends hanging on both sides as base of the thumb; gently and slightly
illustrated. pull it downward across the palm.
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STEP – 3 STEP – 4
Hold the thumb end of the Take both ends to the back of
cravat and roll it across the back of the wrist of the hand and roll them
the hand and pull it over the palm crossing each other, and then roll
towards the hollow portion of the them up over the wrist and cross the
palm in between the thumb and the both ends again.
palm.
STEP – 5
Roll both ends at the back of the hand and tie with a square knot at the
top of the wrist.
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D. ELBOW – Steps in applying cravat bandage to either right or left
elbow.
(Applied when there is sprain on either right or left elbow of the victim)
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
To apply cravat bandage to the As illustrated, cross both
elbow, bend the arm to approximately bandage ends and gently rolled
90 degrees and at the elbow and extending both ends downward.
place the mid-portion of the cravat
bandage at the elbow bringing and
holding the ends of the bandage
upwards as illustrated.
STEP – 3
Roll both ends gently around the arm and pull both ends opposite the
elbow and tie it in square
knot.
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E. KNEE – Steps in applying a cravat bandage to the knee.
(Applied when there is wound in either right or left knee of the victim.)
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
To apply cravat bandage to Cross both bandage ends and
the knee as illustrated below used gently rolled extending both ends
the same steps and technique downwards.
applied in bandaging the elbow.
Bend the leg to approximately 90
degrees at the knee and place the
middle of the cravat bandage at the
upper portion of the knee bringing
and holding both ends of the
bandage downward.
STEP – 3
After rolling the bandage, at the
same time pull both ends, tie both
ends tightly opposite the knee in
square knot, and tuck in the remaining
ends.
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F. JAW OR EAR – Steps in applying cravat bandage on the jaw or ear of
the victim.
(Applied when there is a fractured jaw or wound on the ear of the victim)
STEP – 1 STEP – 2
Put one third (1/3) of the Roll the two third end of the
bandage on the wounded area or bandage over the top of the head
below the chin and gently pull both pulling it towards the one third end at
ends upward, making sure that the the temple and cross both ends as
other side of the bandage is two illustrated
thirds (2/3) and the other is one third
(1/3).
STEP – 3 STEP – 4
Gently roll at the same time Cross both ends and tie them
slightly pull both ends in opposite in square knot. Protruding corners
direction, one end along the must be inserted or tucked in.
forehead and the other end at the
back of the head.
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TEST – Bandaging Techniques
Name ________________________________ Major ___________________
Date ____________ Section _____________________ Score ___________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the best answer for each questions.
Direction:
Choose the letter of the best answer which you think is correct and
write the letter of your choice on the blank provided before the number of the
item question.
_______1. Triangular bandage is usually made of ______________.
a. cloth b. muslin c. gauze d. elastic wraps
_______2. The longer side of the triangular bandage is called___________
with both corners called end.
a. apex b. corner c. base d. none of the above
_______3. In applying open phase bandage to the head, make a
_________by folding about 2 inches from the base.
a. cut b. hen c. fold d. hem
_______4. In applying open phase bandage to the head, step no. 4 states to
firmly hold the compress portion by a hand, using the other hand
gently pull down the __________making the compress snug.
a. apex b. hem c. end d. base
_______5. In applying open phase bandage to the chest, step no. 1 position
the triangular bandage on the top of the dressing of the chest
with the apex just below the __________.
a. neck b. armpit c. elbow d. all of the above
_______6. Step 3 of the arm sling open phase, requires to tie both ends
using the square knot and twist the __________and tuck the
corner of the sling at the elbow.
a. end b. base c. hem d. apex
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_______7. Step 2 of the underarm sling open phase, states that to bring the
lower end of the triangular bandage over the arm under
the________ towards the back of the neck.
a. armpit b. elbow c. arm d. wrist
_______8. Step 1 of the hand bandage open phase, prescribed to place the
wounded hand in the middle portion of the triangular bandage
and be sure that the _______ is align at the base of the bandage.
a. elbow b. wrist c. arm d. none of the above
_______9. Step 2 of the hand bandage open phase, states to cover the
fingers by placing the apex on top of the hand and tuck the
excess parts of the bandage underneath the fingers and form a
______________ on every side of both ends.
a. fold b. knot c. pleats d. tuck
_______10. The prescribed width of the cravat phase is __________?
a. 2.5 inches b. 2.75 inches c. 3 inches d. 2 inches
_______11. In applying cravat phase bandage to the head, cover the wound
with a ________ and place the middle of the bandage over the
wound.
a. dressing b. gauze c. elastic wraps d. cloth
_______12. There are how many steps in applying cravat phase bandage to
the eye?
a. 4 steps b. 5 steps c. 3 steps d. 6 steps
_______13. In applying cravat phase bandage to the open palm, bring the
end of the cravat at the little finger across back of the hand rolling
it upward over the base of the thumb, and roll it ________ across
the palm.
a. inward b. upward c. sideward d. downward
_______14. In applying cravat phase bandage to the palm, the square knot
tie must be at the top of the __________.
a. arm b. elbow c. wrist d. palm
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_______15. To apply cravat phase bandage to the elbow, bend the arm to
approximately _____ degrees at the elbow and place at the
middle of the cravat bandage by bringing and holding the ends of
the bandage upwards.
a. 45 degrees b. 90 degrees c. 60 degrees d. 75 degrees
_______16. The number of steps in applying cravat phase bandage to the
open palm.
a. 6 step b. 3 steps c. 4 steps d. 5 steps
_______17. In applying cravat bandage to the knee, step 2 states to cross
both bandage ends and gently ____________ extending both
ends downwards.
a. pushed b. rolled c. pleats d. wrap
_______18. Step 2 in applying open phase bandage to the head required
them to be positioned outside, and place the middle of the
bandage’s base on the forehead just half a finger above the
eyebrows at the same time allowing the _______ to fall over the
head, down over at the back of the head.
a. base b. corner c. apex d. none of the above
_______19. Arm sling open phase bandage has ______ steps to be followed.
a. 5 steps b. 4 steps c. 6 steps d. 3 steps
_______20. The purpose of inserting absorbent materials in between fingers
is to prevent the fingers from________ and _________.
a. chopping and skin irritation c. chaffing and skin irritation
b. chopping and skin disorder d. chaffing and skin disorder
_______21. The proper or commonly used knot in the two phases of triangular
bandage is ________________.
a. eight knot b. square knot c. overhand knot d. bow knot
_______22. Step 1 in cravat phase bandage to the knee bringing and holding
the ends of the bandage downward.
a. apex b. slide c. end d. middle
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_______23. The four (4) parts of the triangular bandage are…
a. base, apex, corner, end c. base, apex, end, end
b. base, apex, corner, corner d. base, apex, end, corner
_______24. Step 3 in open phase bandage to the head, states to put the
ends of the triangular bandage around the back of the head
above the _________, cross them over the apex, bring it back
towards the forehead, and tie it in square knot.
a. ear b. eyebrow c. eye d. none of the above
_______25. In applying open phase bandage to the chest, additional
________ is necessary in order to complete the bandaging
process.
a. anchor bandage b. handkerchief
c. roller gauze d. all of the above
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 1988. Field
Manual: First for soldiers. Washington, D.C.
Philippine National Red Cross, Handbook on First Aid
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