ANNUAL REPORT

ANNUAL REPORT O F THE FFP" q $a33 DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS TO THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED J U N E 30, 1913 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913 1913 REPORT OR TIIE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. DEPARTAZENI COMI\IERCE, OF BUREAU TIIE CENSUS, OF Washiny/ton,November $6, 1913. S m : T h e r e is submitted hercvith the following report upon the operations of t h e Bureau of the Census cluriizg the fiscal year endecl S u n e 30, 1913, and upon the work now i n progress. 'As I did not t a k e the o a t h of office luiztil July 1, 1913, the work of this Burean d u r i n g tlie e n t i r e fiscal year 1913 was uncler the clzarge of my predecessor, D i r e c t o r E. Dana Durand. A very considerable part of the Bureau's force was engaged during t h e , fiscal y e a r upon the clefeisrccl ~vorlcof the Thirteentlz Decennial Cens~zs, u t t h e usual aiznnal investigations regarding financial stab tistics of c i t i e s , p r o d ~ ~ c t i oand cons~unptionof cotton, vital statisn mere carried on, and i n addition ~vor17was I t i c s , nncl f o r e s t d o n e on t h e t o b a c c o inquiyy (n~xthorized acl; of Congress approvecl by A p r . 30, 1 0 1 2 ) and the qu~nquennialcensus of electrical industries. PROGRESS OF DEFERRED THIRTEENTH CENSUS WORK. POPULATION. T h e D i v i s i o n of Population was engaged during the fiscal year e n d e d J u n e 30, 1913, wholly on work m connection with the Thirt e e n t l i Censrrs. This work coizzprised, first, the preparation and, in l a r g e part, the coi1113letion of the text and tables for the general and S t a t e rclsorts on population (Vols. I, 1 , and I 1 of tlze Thirteenth 1 1 Census r e p o r t s ) , and second, the practical completion of the machine tabulation and other work l~recediiigthe actual preparation of the t a b l e s f o r the o c c ~ ~ p a t i o n report (Vol. IV). Publications issued.-The State bulletins giving the composition a n d charncteristics of the had been issued at the close of .T'LI~~, 1912, for Alabama and Indiana and were issued for thc rem a i n i n g States of continental United States by the end o l June, 1913. These State bulletins, together wit11 the series giving for each S t a t e the p o p u l a t i o n by minor civil divisions, were bound up together t o form V o l u m e s I1 and I11 of the Thirteenth Census reports. Volu m e 1 ,c o v e r i n g i n alphabetical order tlze States from Alabama to 1 Montana, i n c l u s i v e , was released for printing m May, 1913, and 3 i558 4 1913 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF T H E CENSUS. issuecl in Aug-t~st,1913. Vol~ulie1 1 covering tile States fro111 Ne1, Lraslra to Wyoming, together with Alasktl, I-Iawnii, nncl P o r t o Rico, was in process of verifict~tiolia t the close of June, 1913, but was not released for printing until the following ilugust, aizd was ~ s s ~ ~inc l e Septcniber. is, bulletins reThe following-named Abstract bulletins-that printed froill the Abstract-were also issued cluring the fiscal year: Stale of Birth of Nati~rePopulation. Age and Marital Condition. Country of Origin and Date of Immigration. Color or Race, Nativity, Parentage, and Sex. School Attendance and Illiteracy. The following branches of work mere deferred i n I W x u a r y , 1012, after the ~liscontinuanceof the temporary ThirLcenth Coilsus force, in order that the general and Stale reports on popnlation might be co~nplctedas soon as possible : Occupations ; o~vnershipof homes ; Indian population ; foreign. stoclr ; and b i r l l ~ l ~ l n cof mother, for e vital-statistics purposes. Tlze occupation ~vorlrnncl tlie I abulation of ownership of homes are the only brallches of tlie deferred morIc which have since been resnniod (in September, 1012, and April, 1913, resl~ectively),altho~lgh? bulletin, Statistics of t h e I n d i a n Population, basecl on the inaterlal already prepared f o r tlze first section of the Inclian report, mas compiled and issuecl oil J u n e 26, 1'313. The prepnration of the tables and text f o r t h e general report oil population, covering a total of 1 G chaplers, was n o t actively begun was until December, 1912, and tlle first copy, covering three clinl~ters, sent to tlie printer in March, 1913; but b y the close of J ~ m c 1013, , l copy was in the llancls of the printer for 1 2 chapters, a n ~ Tola10 OF them proofs, in whole or in part, had beell receive~l. The worlr of preparing the tables f o r t l ~ e general ancl S t a t e rclsorts, ns originally outlined, lnclucled the colnputatioil (in tlnplicnte) of this very nearly 500,000 percentages, but in the revision of thc lt~blcs number was recl~~ced a little more than 400,000. These l ~ e ~ c c n t to ages mere largely computecl on slicle-rule machines, :1n n\Tcl-:igeo f five machines being in operation cluring the fiscal year. At the close of June, 1912, the percentage work for t h e general tables hail been completecl for 21 States and partially coi~lpleteclfor 10 otllor States, I t was substantially completecl foY all the general ancl t e x t tables for the Abstract in December, 1912, ancl f o r the gclieral ancl State reports in J~znc, 1913. The tables ancl text for the entire 1 G chapters a r e now (No~r.26, 1913) in proof. Thc material for 15 chapters is substantially rencly to be released for printing, and it is expected thnt the materiul f o r lhe remaining onc will be ready early in December. This v i l l conlplete the publication of the Tllirteentll Census reports on populxtion. OCCUPATIOSS. The ~ v o ~ on occupations was beg~lili n RiIa-jr, 1011, but was SLTSlr penclecl in the following January, owin to the large reduction in the temporary force. I t mas resumed on r. eptember 4, 1012, when ternporary clerlrs were again eiliployecl. T h e revision ancl correction work with respect to this subject llacl been completecl at t h e close of June, 1913, for 13 States, but the necessity of providing f o r tho ~0111- 4 1913 REPORT OF T E E DIRECTOR O F THE CENSUS. 559, 3 pletion of tlle ge~leralreport 011 p o ~ u l a t i o ~ l the requireme~ltsof and the o c c ~ ~ p ~ ~workn in other clirections made it impossible t o give tio much attention to the results of the occupation cou~lt these States in up to t h a t time, but this work mas actively talcen in hand i n September, 1013, and i t is expected to complete ancl pnblisl~thc report o n occnlmtions by the end of tlze present calenclar year. INSTITUTIONAL POPULATION. The tabnlt~tionof statistics of the instit~~tional population-that is, insane, feeble-mincled, paupers, and prisoners and juvenile clelinclucnls-was snspendecl early in the calendar year 1912 because of the great 1.ednclion ~ilade necessary in the tempornry force of the B ~ u ~ r aand was not resunzecl nntil Septenlber 4 of that year, u, ~vllen telnporarjr clerlcs, reappointecl under authority of tlzc approthe priation act for 1913, becaine available. During the remainder of the fiscal year this ~vorlrmas carried on, and by June 30, 1013, t h e statistics of insane and feeble-ininclecl in institutions had been tabulntetl a n d those for paupers in alinshonses htqcl bee11 partly tilbulated, whiIe n p a r t of the preliminary work (editing aizc7, card p~znclzing) hxcl bcen clonc on the scheilules for prisoners ancl juvenile dcliaq11cnts.~ BLIND AND l)lh4+IB. In the regular 1>0l~l~laLion censlls the en~uileratorswere instr~lctecl to nzake a return for all persons ~vliowere either blincl or deaf ancl rlnmb. Special sclled~rles obtaining infor~nation for relative to these classes mere then mailed to thc appropriate names ancl addresses gi~roilair the regular population sclzeclnles. Most of these special sclictl~~les ~vhich have bccn returner1 were in possession. of the Bureau before t h e beginning of tlze fiscal year 1912-13. During that ycar, lionrcve13,awing lo the presstlre of other work, very little was clone on this incllliry beyond examilzillg nijcl filing sucl~ scl~ecl~xles continued as to come i n , ancl prel~aring lists of the blincl or deaf ancl dnmb for the use of iiistitutions for tl~cseclasses. BENI.:TOLENT INSTITUTIONS. T)~uring fiscal ycnr the 121-incipal tabnlatio~ls the relative to bei~evolaril i n s t l t ~ ~ t i o n s completecl, and consic1er:tble wo~.lc were wns done 0 1 1 the prcpnration of c1erival;ive or test tables." MANUFACTURES. Ge?zeq~ccZ report o n naanz!factl~res (T7oZ. V I I I , Thirteenth Censzu rcpo?+ts) .-Practically all of thc copy for this volume was sent to the - - ---a Xtntc 7)zrZZetills (TroZ. I,I', Thif*tecntlbCenszcs reports) .-State bulletins g i v i n g the prlncipnl statistics of manufactures were issued f o r 1~ all Slates except Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvnnia prior to J L I ~ ; 1012. T h e bulletins for these three States vere printed dnrlilg the fiscal year, ancl the entire series was assemblecl. and bo~ulcltogctller i n one volume, constituting Volumc I X of the Tlzlrteenth Census rcpollts. F o r prrsent stntlla nnd plans for futnre morlc on t h l s snbjoct, fice P. 13. present status and plans for fnture vork on this sub~rct,sco P. 14. " ' o r 560 6 1943 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR O F THE UENSUS. printer before the close of the fiscal gear ; i t was printed and distributed during September, 1913. This report assembles the statistics for each industry, gives a cletniled description of the scope of cnch classification, and analyzes tlie statistics of manufactures for nll ind~zstrie~, The data for each industry are summarized by States. Separate cllapters are presented discussing manufactures i n cities, localization of manufactnring industries, character of o~vnersl~ip, of eslablisl~. size ments, expenses, persons einployecl i n manufactnring inclustries, power used, nncl fuel consumed. Bulbtim o n selectecl industries (70X, l'l~irteenth Cemus yel. ports).-Copy for some of the separate bulletins on the principsll industries was sent the printer during t h e fiscal year, and a large number of these bulletins were printecl and clistribntccl. I n adrlition to the general statistics concerning capitnl, employees. wages, and expenses most of these bulletins contain detailecl statistics in regard to the quantity ancl cost of the principal materials nsecl and tllo quantity ancl value of the different classes of products, and in some cases in regard to the equipment employecl. These bnlletins will ba assembled and printed as Volume X of Ibe final reports. This volume will be read? for distribution before the close of the calendar year. MTNES A N D QUARRIES. A bulletin giviny the statistics for the niiniag and quarrying inclnstries for the United States ancl for each State, and also giving separate totals for each mining industry, was printed cluring the fiscal year. The bulletin giving detailecl statistics for the procluclion of anthracite ancl bit~zminouscoal was also printecl and distributed. Copy for the bulletin on iron mines was sent to tbe printer before the close of t11e fiscal year, and the bulletin as issued in tlle follolving September.fi AGRICULTURE. Abstract 6z~Zletins.-A series of Abstract bulletins was issuecl, ench l~ertaining a given branch 01agriculture ancl inchzcling dalu lor to the United States as n whole ancl l o r clivisions ancl States. S O M ~ of these were pnblished prior to J n l y 1 .1912; others werc issucd , during the last fiscal year. All were later lncluded as chapters in the Abstract of the Thirteenth Census. State 6~clleti1zs-Agriczilture.-A prelinlinary selnre a report on general municipnl statistics. This recollllnelldation is : b a s e d on thc fact that delay in tbe coiiil)ilntion and l?ublication of the aruiunl hluliici~:llreports tlelracts seriously from their vaIue. 7. T1i:iC reports oil mortality statistics for the years 1911 n~lcl1912 be publisl~ecl hefare the close of the ~)l'ese~lt calendar year. To iualre this possible, the t e s t of these reports shoulcl be redncecl to a miniinum or omitted, the tables Condensed, ancl no effort l~lnde ljublish a report on births until the uiortality to Vel~orlsnre 13ubliahed. . 8. Th:~t~ ~ o rupon the stirnAardiantion of denth r:ttes, life tables, and occupnlr ei'iounl morh~litybe susl~eiided until thc above reports have been published. "Xllcre is no reason why tile mortality reporl for each yexr should not be cornx~ileil and publisher1 prior to the close of the succeeding caleiidar yenr. 9. That the eiliergency preseiitecl by the delt~yin completing the Thirteenth Cei~sus justifies thc 1)irector in recluesting the Secretary of Colnllierce to lay t h e iilntter before tlie President, with the view of securiiig his instructioi~sto t h e I'ul~lic .Priilter io give precellence so far as practicable to the renlniniug ~tubIic;~tious the Thirteellth Ceilsus and the annual rel~ortslong overdue. of I n accordance with recoinmenclation 1, the rcport on occupations will be based upon the results of the first inachine co~ult the cards. of I t is expected tllat all tlze copy will be in the hands of the printer before the close of the calenclar year. Recomn~eacln tion 2 is being carriccl out. I n accordance with recoinmenclation *3, no further tabulation or text is being prepared in connectioil wlth the report on mines and quarries. The work on tlzis branch of the Thirteenth Census worIr was very nlucll in arrears, and it becan~eevident that in order to print the report within any reasonable time i t mould be necessary t o bandon on sonze of the bulletins ailcl monographs mlzicl~ had been contein~lated. T h e copy for the final rcport, whicl~ will be Volume XI of the reports of the Tliirteentli Census, is now in the hands of the printer, and the proof is being conipared as rapidly as possible. INSTITUTTONAL POPULATION. , I n order to carry out recoininenclation 4, the work on the census population mas restricted to the publication of the of illstit~~tionnl general tables, witl~outpercentages and without interlsretative ;text. After the expert special agents had mnde their recommendations, lzowever, it was found necessary to mnlrc a further very material .:urtailmeizt 0 6 the worlr on the census of prispners and juvenile delinquents, in orcler to limit it t o tnbnlations wh~ch coz~ld conlpleted be before January 1, 1014. The worlr nuthorizecl now includes only tlze completion of the tables giving tlle number present 11 each pnson, 1 jail, or reformatory on Jauunry 1, 1010, classified by sex, color, and nativity, aitd by on'ense and sentence, together with the number corninitted ancl clisclzargecl during tlze year, classified only by sex, color, ancl nativity. !6j 5 $I 14 4 913 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF TLTE CENSUS. The rellort 011 bene~rolent institutions will be publistled by tlie close of the year in accordance wit11 the original 11la11, without any subsLantial curtailment. J"O1tEST 1'ROl)UCTS. I n arcordance with recomiilenil~~tiol~no further corlil~ilatioiiof 5, statistics of forest proclucts will be undertt~lreni n the absence of legislation authorizing it. Thc first collection of annual statistics concerning the productioll of lumber, lath, shingles, cooperage stoclc, ancl other forest products was inacle for tlie year 1906, in compliance with authority coiitt~inecl in a letter clatecl September IS, 1906, froin the ilssistant Secretary of Comiizerce and Labor to tlie Director of the Census. i letter clated l Septeniber 26, 1907, froni the Secretary of Coiilnierce and Labor authorized the Director to collect these statistics for the year 1907, There appears to liave been no further a~zthorizatioiifor tlie annual collection 01such statistics. The worlr, however, has been continued annually and reports liave been iss~zedfor every year u to and including 1911. Tlie report for 1912 is now being prepare . It is eviancl dent froin the ~or~eslsondence records that it was not the original intention to establish. a permanent annual investigation of this character. All other inquiries undertaken by the Bureau of tile Cens~rs are based upon acts or resolutions of Congress, ancl in tlie absence of legislation ~ v i t h reference to forest ~?roducts Directlie such sl~ecific tor ancl tlie expert special agents coiicl~zcledtliat the Bureau mus not justifiecl in continuing this ailnual investigation. T h e Director, :iccordingly, ordered that it be discoiitiiiuecl after the issut~iiceof the report for 1912. A nmiiber of luinber manufacturers and associations of inannfacturers liave protested against the discontinuallce of these annual reports. I n reply tlie Director has stated that there was n o direct provision of law authorizing an aiinnal expenditure of from $20,000 to $40,000 to collect the statistics ancl that witllont such authority he did not feel justified in continuing this ~vorlc,but tliat h e wolnld Bo perfectly willing to renew it if authorized to d o so b y appropriate legisla t' 011. 1 $ 8'1'ilTIS'TICS OJWITlIilE?. I n compliaiice ~ v i t h recoinmencl~i~ion tlie 1912 financial statistics 6, of cities will be corriplcted and pulslisliecl by January 1, 1914. In order to insure tlie publication of these statistics by the close of tlie calendar year the tabulation has been arranged so as to malre a bulletin of about 70 pages? whereas the report f o r 1911 contained 400 pages. The other lsrovlsions of this recoininenclation are also being carried out. BIORTALITY STATISTICS. I n accordaiice with recoinmendation 7, the reports on morttility statistics for 1911 and 1912 have bcezi s~zfficientlycurtailed to ~nalce possible their p~~blicatioa before tlie close of t h e calendar year, nricl the bulletin for 1912 has been abancloned. This practically clears thc 1913 RBPORT OF THE DIRECTOR O F T E E CENSUS. 569 15 way so that the annual report for 1913 mill be fully up to date. Tlie r" 3 B u r e a u anticii~ntcsno diffic~~lty issuing this report by about iu November 1, 1914. Xecommenclation 8 is being carriecl out. ARRllhTGI?AIBNTS FOIL PRINTIN(: TIIIRTEEN'PH <:ENSUS BEI'OIWS. 111 corlllslix~lce with recom~l~enclation amangements have bee11 9 111ac1e with the P u b l i c Printer whereby the printing of the yeports of t h e Tliii.tcentl-~Census will be espec~itedso f:ur as possible withol~t rlndne interference with the wor1~ other Gorern~nent 04 pnblications. A nl~mberof subjects pertaining to agriculture were co~lsiJereJ f r o n i tinle to t i l n e as proper for future ailalysis and special reports. A f t e r the T h i r t e e n t l ~ Census reports, as such, hacl been conlpleted, it was +ernecI w i s e t o unclertako the preparation of two bulletms,. each covering a special s ~ ~ b j ewhich hacl been considelseclonly briefly, or ct not referred to at all, in the general reports. Sucli a bnlletin, pert a i n i n g to '' Plantation syste~ilsof coliclnctiilg agriculture in the S o u t h e r n States," is nc~win course of preparation. il c l ~ ~ p t e r on this subject Tvas included in Volmne V of the Tliilteenth Census rep o r t s , previously refel-rcd to. The otlier special bulletin, vhicll sliows character of teiinre ancl size of fai.111 operateel, classified by age of farmer, 1s also i n course of pleparation. This lattcr buIIetin contains a. section relating to t11e stability of the agricultural opulation, s l ~ o w i l ~ POL'~ v l l i t e g, nntl colo~.eclf n m e r s sel)arntely, by c laractter of tenure, the 1engtl-r of the average periocl of occnl~ancy farms. of ? COTTON STATTSTICS. P \ Dnriizg the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1913, there will be issued 1 0 reports sho-cving the quantity of cotton ginnecl u p to specified d a t e s cluring the ginning seasoil ; t w e l v e o n e for each inontli-showing the qnantitj7 of cotton cons~ui~lecl, stoclcs of cotion on hand, ancl xlumbcr of active spindles; three giving staiisti~q of cottonseed crusliccl and l i n t e r s obtained; one sulniyrizing the statistics for the p~'oclucljonof cotton as reported by the ginners; and one suinmnrizing fllo statistics f o r Ille consuinption of cotton, stocBs on hanil, nntl spinrlles. These 2'7 reports will constitute a complete statistical pre1 sentation of Ihe procluction ancl consumption of cotton 1 1 tlle IJnited S t a t e s cluring t h e year. T h e Unrenu has niade arrang.en~eats the marc. frcqnent pub1ir:ufor t i o n of county statistics of cotton ginned. I t harl been tlle practice figures only for Decelnbcr 13 of each ye:lr altd at t o publish co~xniy t h e encl of tllc season, the State totals alone being gjven at other tlmes. T h e r e was, however, a g ~ e a de~nnncl mforliiatioll as to the quant for to the date of cacll tity of cotton ginnecl i n the jniliviclnal counties ginning r q o r i , and the Census Bureau, accordm~~gl~~, the local gave special agents permission to p~~blislish informati011 1 1 the county this 1 nelvi la 3ers just as soon as their reports co~~lcl received at tlie office be m $a;dnsbmbon and the ili~ta verified. The local papers illr011gl~ollt t h o Southern States have been greatly pleased by.tllis action, and ' 5170 16 19% 3 REPORT OF THH DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. lnany of tllern liave written tlie Bureau expressing their apprcciatioii of it. Bequests have been inade of ginners for suggestioas in regard to i m ~ r o v i n g lnetlzod of collecting and p ~ ~ b l i s l ~ statistics of tlie tlie ing quantity of cotton ginned, ancl almost invariably tlie replies have indicntecl completc satisfaction with tlie way in ~vhichthe worlc is now being done. The Bureau of the Census has also awaiigecl for an additional report on cottoi~seeclanel linters, which will sllnw the qnaatity of seecl cl*usheclancl linters obtainecl fro111 the crop prior to December 1 of each Seal*. I-Iei~etoforethere have been only two reports issnecl anin~ally this important subject, ciie showing the qnnntily ol' seed on crushed prior to January 1, ancl the other, 13~~l)lishcd the end of at the cl~nshing season, showing statistics oS the total quantity treated; ancl to January, 1913, only one sncli report, issnccl a t the end of the cotton season, had been inacle annually. Before decicling to inalce an aclclitioiial rcport on illis subject tile Bureau coinnlunicatecI by letter wit11 all of tlie cottonsced-oil mills througllout the entire country. The replies indicntecl a great diversity of opinion in regzrcl to the date to ~vhiclltho relsort shoulcl relate. Soine of the lnills even contended that tlie collection of lkese statistics as not desirable, and recorninendecl that, the ~vorlc ahaiibe doncd, A vast majority of thcin, however, were of tlie opinion that the figures should be pnblishecl nt Inore frequent intervals, anrl some went so f:ir as to reco~ninenclthat they be collcctccl ancl pnblislied monthly during the active season. From tllese lettcrs ancl other reco~nmenclatioiis~vhicllhave been receivecl, the Bureau is satisfiecl that the publication of olIicial stntistics concerning the quantity of cottonseecl cruslled and linters obtainecl tends to reduce speculation i n these com~noditiesnncl to mnlre for greater stability in price. The decision to pnblisli another report s h o ~ ~ ~thegcpantity of seecl crnshecl and linters obtained from each in crop prior to Deccniber 1 mas basccl upoil tlze recommendations of ilie majority of the mills. TOBACCO STATISTICS. The Bureau of tlie Census has been able to inalre more satisEaclorg cooperative arrangements wit11 tlie Internal-Revenue Service in connection with the collection of statistics of stocks of leaf tobacco for the report issued Novembcr 13, 1913 to October I ) , thtln it was able to m:~Befor either of the two prececliag ones, so thnt i t is now possible for the Bureau to secure, by corresponcleilco with ~ollectors internal revenue, the r ~ a ~ r ~ e s addresses of the estabof ancl lishlnents covered by tlie lam, togetller with all the infor~nationi t requires in regnrd to clelinquent establishmelits and establishments ~vllosemail has been retunled by the post ofices as ~ndelive~ecl. The collectors have I-espondecl very proinptly to the Bureau's requests for information of this character. This arrangelnent obviates the necessity of sending special agents into the fielcl to secure tlie inforiliation, thus materially educing tlie cost of the morlc and enabling the Bureau to complete the CikliVtlSS for the reports sho~~ling quahty 01tobacco on hancl October 1,1013, the at a much1 earlier clnte tlixn was possible in the case of prior reports. The fielcl worlc inciclent to the collection of the statistics was virtually 1913 REPORT OF T H E DIBECTOR OB THE CENSUS. i7 -? eo~l~pletecl1 Novcmber 4 tincl, as already stated, tlley were lnade 0 1 p ~ ~ b l iNovember 13. The corresponding dates for the report of c April 1 were May 22 alicl &lay 26, respectively. Under thc law tobarco r1calel.s and manufacturers n1-e nllo~vecl.10 clays after the first day of April and the first da of October of each year i n which to lnniio their reports. Tlic law &rther l)rovicles that the Director of the Ccllsus shall lnalie a domnnd i n WI-itingof all persons wlio have failed to Surnislz tlic statistics wilhin this time, and that snch persons sliall be given an aclclilional 20 days. It, therefore, requires from 30 to 40 clays to collect the reports of the quantity of tobacco on hand, so that it is virtually impossible to publish tlie statistics at a much ealalierclate thall illat :lt \vhich they were puMishecl for the report of Oclober 1, 1913. 131PROl'E3IENT I N BZETIIODS O F REPORTING VITAL ST,ITISTICS. I n conllectioll ~ v i t h extension of tlle registration are:L for vital the statistics, i t is desirable to illcrease the accuracy of the infor~nation received. I t is :dso important tliat the inetlzods of reporting and the preselit:~tioilof the data in the registration States be standardized. With these objects in view? a second edition of the Phpsicinns' Pocket Reference to the InLernat~oiialList of Causes of Death has recently been prepared :\lid is now in course of distribution to all physicians in Lhe Unitecl Statcs, accolriparliecl by n special circular letter signed by the Director, niicl by aclditioilal multigraph letters to t11e physicians in certain Slates. A reprint of the Manual of the International List of Causes of Dentli, prepared for the use of registration oEces in the coliipilatioll of State and city reports, has also been p~~blislied since thc close of thc fiscal year 1913. OFFICIAL REGISTER O F TZIE UNITED gTATES. IVorlc on the Oficial Register of the Unitecl States is progressing rapidly. The llecessary inlorination has been obtaillecl fronl the several clepartmellts alicl oflices, as providecl by lam, and its coinpilation is now well toward completion. Tllc Census Bureau encounterccl increiasi~l difficulty in the preparation of Volume I1 (relating to tlie Postal ervice) of each succeecling issne of the Oficial Register. This volulne i n 1911 contained 774 pages, aild the cost of printing alolle was $12,600. It was necessary to obt,ain the names of the employees in tlie Postal Service by corresponderice with each postlnaster in the United Statcs. The n ~ m bcr of such elnployecs 011 June 30, 1918, was 200,605. Tho task of preparing this volull~e.cvxs of snch magnit~iclethat a period of at least six lnonths usaallv elal~secl betwee11 the date to which i t related and tlic date of its pn61icaiion. I n view of these facts i t was believed by the oflicials of the Census B~1rc:~n of the Post Office Depaljlnent that the praclical value of and this vo;luine was not s~~ficiellt, justif7 the lapor ancl expense. into volved in its preparation ; ancl in coinphslilce with re~ornmenclnlions made by those otEcials, tl,e following provision mas incorporated in e n t the ~ ~ r ~deficiency act for 1914, approved October 22,1013: 8 u 1Iere;lfter the OtTicial ltegister of the Uuitecl Stntes shall not co~ltafnthe ilaiiles of those persons heretofore ~ublished TTolunleI1 relating to the postal in service, namely, postnlastcrs, assistal~tpostmnsters, clerlrs in post offices, city 1913 18 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR O F TTIB CXSNSUS. I [ f f tllc J I ~ ~ P : Wioll 0 L! ill(?oficial :I~ This legislation will gyeatly Register alld ~ v i l l very materiaII;y cIecllease the e s p e ~ ~ s c tllc worlr, of i r h e Director of tlie Census has cnllecl attention to ilia Pael, :I lrently j pointed out by his preclecessor, illat tho OiEcinl ltegistcr in its ]~resciit form is unnecessarily cnmbersoi.lle nllcl cxpensi~rc. 'l'llt! volrullc ns ao~v published cui~t:mrsan aiphixbetienl list or rlircclorg of :dl G w mernnlent employees except tllosc in tho 1'osi:~l Scrviclo, ille 1l:llllC of each employee being Pol1o~vec.l. data showing the tlel):lrll~ic~~ll by rllld 1,ureau or office in wlzicll emplogrecl; t b c oflicinl titlc; C O H I ~ ~ O I I S ~ L ~ ~ O I I ; State or countyy of birth; congise~sional dislric[, collll[;)~, tt11(7 $1!110 froill which aplsoilitecl ; ancl of e m p l o ~ r ~ l ~ m t . i ~ l f o ~ ~ ~ l i ; ~ [ l o ~ l rl'llc: is presentecl in so abbreviatecl a forni t h a t in lleavlg all cnscs j l ocr:upies but a single line fol101vir.g the nanie of ille person i c r erboln 1 it relates. Preceding the clirectory are lists, nrrs~ngecib;y tlapr~ut.~nonts i and offices, showing the principal oflicials in e : ~ c ) ~ , ~vltlloutclci'ic!nl i t l d or other minor employees. This for111 is very coni > t ~ c~ ~ l)elblllil,5 Lhe presentation of the data in the sinallcst: possil) e sl):~re.,~ Nelwi theless, the directory volu~lleof the Oficial Ecgisla~~ 1911 1 ~ 0 1 1 I'or iained 878 q ~ ~ a r pages. to The isreparation of the Register is becoming nioi*ct ttll(1 111018ct dim! cult with the growth aiicl increasing comp1cxit;yr of i h e C;ovor.~ilnc?lit service; ancl the task of furnishing the ~equiretl ~ l o ~ ~ l n a t iis r l i o I~oroin[ ing nlore ancl niore onerous for tlie esccutivo tlep:r~.-tnlcnis :ultl ollic~cs, especially in the cases of those departineilts ~vliiallIlavc scrvi(1rs iu the ontlyinw l~ossessions the United States and i n Soreign comli;z-ica, of It is, therePore, very difficult to eonipile nncl issue ilia Ilcgis:isler beloru I the assenibling of the regular session of Congress i n 11c:cclnl)cr; tili(1 1i during tlie period betwecn July 1 m ~ dh e following T~oaolnLer t inany changes-of which it is iinpracticable t o lnalre :my rc!aorcl in tho Register--are bound to occur. i In view of tliese conclitions the ncloptioli oS- the follo\ving l d t i ! , 11 which modifies slightly the one propusor1 by tile fornicr I)i18cc6t IS or3, reco~l~mcnclecl : 1. The establishment of a card direclory, pl'el~nrrtl nntl mainlnillc!d $ by the Civil Service Co~ninissionfrom information lnrnisl~c.ilby t h o executive clel?artments ailcl independent oBces, sllo.wi~lg ~lnlllctn11d tl;11(: status of every person i n the Government servico except ille ojiic~cus and cnlistecl mcn of the arm^., Nayy, Marine Corps, ancl ncvallrr~ Cutter Service. Lists of officers o.t t h e Army, Nnvy, : ~ n dM:LL'~LIO Corps are already pnblishecl nnilualljr in the Alum;y Regislcr : ~ n d Navy Register, issued by tlze War and Navy Del>,zrtments, respclctively. 2. The elilnination froin the Oficial Register of detailed lists of all employees, ky name. 3. The publication anliually by the Bureau o the Census of all f Official Register containingP (a) A list of all employees of tile Goven~llie~zt (except o&cel1s nud enlistecl men in the Army, Navy, Marinc Corps, nncl Revenue Cnttur :al(l I'UP:I~ citrricss, eiir~)loyees the se:~-l)ost of sel*vicr, clul)loyt1cr~f 1111~ o Iluilwtls* hiail Selqrice, ell]l)loyees of the lllilil lllefiselljiel' SCI'VICP,illl(1 11l:lll (10111 1'11Ci01'8 ; llor shall i t contitin t l ~ e s1:1tcnellt of ~llomiulcer111:1t1rk t o ( ' o ~ ~ t r i ~ c o rl o ~ l l' '~' p l~ C~ l illg the urrilx or the list of. ships nuti resscllfi I~eli)~lgillg L l l ~1Trlil(vl Sli~tes, to as hcreiofore ~~ublishecl tllc s21id OWciill licgistor ; :lll(l :ill ACLS or ])i~rln ill (IT Acts incollsisteill with the foregoi~~g l~rovisiollttro h c r c l ~~*('l)(':llc(l. ~ , p 1 I I I ? I r 574 20 113 91 REPORT O F TI-IE DIRECTOR O F TEIE (3ENSwS. analysis of the data, at hancl is being macle, with a view to nsce~~taiiiing just what can be done with printccl reports and other available data bcfore Census employees enLer the iiolcl io ~nalrc the z~ctnalcnnvass. 7IV11ile tlle investigatioa of wenltli, debt, nlld tas:ltion is an extensive one, it is not proposccl to enzploy any ~clclitioilalclerks or any considerable nunlloer of speci:~lagcnts to perfolnn~ :my part 01thc worlr. Aside from tlle use of publishecl reports and other mntcrinl ~vhich being accumnlatecl, the statistics mlll be collectecl largely by is sending clerlrs froin the regular permanent force oP ille Burcan inlo the fielcl. A small i~mnbcr special agents will be ac.ccss:lry lo s11pof plen~entthe regnlar pcrlnanent force. T h e Post, Ofice Dcpnivti~zent llsls been requested to cooperate wit11 the Dcpartinent of Conlrncrce by clirecting postnlasters in small ton~ns,lo which i t ~vo111~1 110 feasnot ible to sencl agents of the Ccnsus Bureau, to Pnrnish crr.f:~in the 01 data neeclecl. All of the rrsults of this inq11il-y will bc t:lbnl:~lcdLy the regular force in the ofice. Tlze scope of the forthcon-~ii-~g report on wcaltl~,clebt, and tasalion mill be substantially the sanze as that of t h c preceding one, nrllich mas prepared sollie 10 j7ears ago. USE O P RECORDS FOR GENEALOGICAL PURPOSES AND 'PO I)l'I!IGRi\I I N E A(i1CS O F APPLIOANTS FOR PBNSIONS. Constant use is nlarle of tllc sclzedules of former censuses for genealogical purposes. Of late Ihc records oP tllo censuses of 1860 and 1860 have been proving of immensc value to apl>licnnts for pensions who are ~ulableto furnish other satisfactory evidence of tlleir ages; ancl the labor of examining the schedules in order to secure such evidence has beconle so great that it has been fonncl nccosstiry to obtain the detail of a force of 28 clerks froin tlie Pension I3urenn to perform this work. The Bureau conteniplates the issuance, cnrly in the cnle~lclnryear 1014, of a bulletin giving estiniates of the population of tlle Ul~ited States, of the various States nncl co~~nties, RIIC~ of citi(1s 01 8,000 )opulation or over in 1910, for the years 1011, 1012, 1913, anrl 1914. r v o similar bulletins mere iswecl cli~ringthe period between tho k e l f t h and Tl~irteenthCens~~es. CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES, 1914. Under the existing lam a census of rnannfack~resis tn?cen every fifth year. The canvass is nlade i n tlie fifth and tenth years of each clecade and relates in each case to the cnlenclnr year prececling the one in whiclz the statistics are collected. The next report will. therefore, cover the year 1914 and the canrrass will be mnde in 1015. Tlze delay in co~npilingand publishing the statistics for previous consnses of nzanufactures has been clue largely to the fact that tllc 13reliminary morlr: incident to the canvass was not finished i n tilnc t o have the fielcl work began promptly a t the beginning of the year. While the fielcl worlr can not start until January 1, 1915, i t is the purpose of the Bureau to begin a t once to m a l ~ ethe prepamtory arrangements. The preliminary 1v0l.L- mill be done thorougllly and REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. 1983 575 ' 21 e v e r y t h i n g will be in shape to put a large force of special agents a n d clerlcs in the iielcl promptly with the beginiiing of 1915, so t.llat t h e canvass cnn be pushecl to coml~letionand the results printed nt a m u c k earlier date than has been possible heretofore. CENSUS OF AG.RICULTURE, 1915. T h e Thirteenth Ceilsus act contains the following : T h a t tllere sh:~llbe in tlle jrenr uil~eteeu hundred aild fifteen, and once every ten y e a r s thereafter, x ccllsus of agriculture alld lire stocir, lyhich shall show tlze ncreuge of fnrlu l:~ild,tlle :lcrcaae of the 11ri1lci~i11 croljs, nlltl the i:~llll>er mid r n l ~ i o ilolllrslir >~lliillals t h e fi~rilisai~tlriI1lgc.s of the country. 'Pile of on scheclnle eml~loyedill this census shall be prel~areclby the Director of the Census. Such cellsns shall be taken as of October first, all& sb:lll relate to the c u r r e n t year. The Director of the Ce~isnsnlny nppoillt enumerators or s~ecial agents Tor the I)urPose of this census, in nccorclnnce with the r)rovisioiis of t h e perlunuollt Census Act. T h i s section nncloubtedly gives the Director of the Ceilsu? all of tlie aecessar;y authority, providing lsroper appropriations a r e mnde, f o r t h e taking of the census 01 agriculture in 1015. It is probable t h a t R few sligllt changes in tlle law will be desirable, particularly w i t h l1c1erence to scope, the lnethocl of taking the census, zu~cl.the time of tlie year nt which it shall be talcen. But no legislation will be necessary prior to the regular session of Congress beginning in cstiiliates for nppropriatlons tlze e a r l y part of December, 1914, 1~11~11 neeclecl will be snbmitted, as well as requests for such s l i g l ~ t clianges in r e g a r d to clale of enumeration, scope, and inetllod ns mny seem clesirnble at tllnt, Lime. OFFICE FORCE. CIIANGES I N I I D I \ I I N ~ S ' ~ ' ~ ~ A T I V E FORCE. At t h e beginning of the iiscal year n ilun~berof important changes were ~iiacle n the arlministrativc force of tlie Bureau. During the i period between the Twelfth, ancl Tliirteenth Ceiisi~ses Rurenn hacl the its o-nTil Disbursing Oirice and Appointment Division, under tlie SIIpervision of the clisb~ursingclerlr. During the Thirteenth Ccnsus eviod the worlc oE these two divisions mas, of course, very ~ T I L I C ~ Eezvior, and provision was inacle for n separate appointment clerk to 1;alre charge of the Appoilitliient Division. The administrative force also i~lclucleclan Assist,nnt Director cluring the T1iiptecnth Census period. ill the close of this period, however, the positions of Assista n t Director, appointillent clerlc, and disbursing clerlr ceasecl to exist. A s m l ~ c l as possible of the work which had been perforlned by the i Disbursing ancl Appointment Divisions was transferrecl t o the corresponding clivisions of the Department, the reinaincler of their cluties being - placed under the supervision of the Chief Clerk of the Bureau. At the close of the Thirteenth Census period t h e number of chief stat.istic~ans, which hacl been increased to five cluring that period, was a g a i n reduced to four. Several recluctions mere illade at the same time in tlie salaries of aclininistrative opcinls. The appropriations for tlie compensat~on administrative officials of f o r t h e fiscal year 1914 were the same as those for 1913. 5\76 22 REPORT '8915 O F T E E DIltECTOR O F THE CENSUS, During the Thirteeizth Census period the Bureau operateel uncler a l~ullip-suili appropriation: The Thirteenth Census act, however, liniitecl tlie nmnber of clerlcal positions at salaries above $1,200 to 116. F a r several ycars prior to that periocl the nuinber of sucli positions hacl been, under the nppropri:\tion acts, only 36. Tlle apl)ropri:ition act for the fiscal year 1913 proviclecl for a total of 610 pelinanent employees, or a slightly snzallcr izuinber thail the Bureau had hael cluriiig the fiscal year 1909 (626), prior to the Thirteenth Census l~erioocl. Sixty-three clerlrs at salaries above $1,200 were authorizecl. Tliis nmnber, while inuch greater than the iiumber of sucli clerks prior to tlie Tliirteentll Censrrs period, was still oiily sl. little more than half as greaL as the carresponcling n~uinbcr (IIG) during that period. I t became necessary, therefore, to cleniote a largo l~roportiol~ of the employees in the higher salary classes, togetlies mill1 soiiio of those i n the l o ~ ~ l ones ; tlie total nulnbel. of denlotions was 185 (this er number inclucliiig 2 clemations oP special agents ancl 15 of subc1eric:ll employees). Tlie Census Bureau, v h e n o~~portluiiilies r promotion fo have arisen, has in neailly all cases given preference to tliese cle~izoled employees. Vacancies in the higher-paicl positions occur but slo~vly, however, ancl clnring the fiscal year it was possible L restore, in all, o only 55 einployees to their former salaries; aiicl only 9 of the 77 cmployees who hncl been demotecl fsonl salaries o f $1,400 or more wcre restored to tlieir former coinpensat'1011. Tlie appropriation act for 1913 provitlecl that the Civil Service Commission, in certifyin$ eligibleq Prolii the esainiiiatioiz registers for appoiiitiiient to positions on tlie ~ ~ e r m a i i e n t of the Buret~u roll during the fiscal year 1913, a t salaries of $1,200 or less, slionlcl, so l'nr as pmcticable uncler tlze l r ~ woS apporlior~~neiit, o .give preference to tlzose who l~acl hacl at least one year's ex]?criencc in census ~'i~oslr. A statistical-clerk register was estalnlisliecl by the Civil Service Coinniissioi~for the special use of tllc Ccnw~s Bureau. Prior to tlie .establislimcnt of this register, appoinlaients to tlie Bnrean's permanent force were inacle principally froin the departinent:~l-clerlr l~ilgister, but later, aftcr tlie statistical-clerk register lltlcl been establishecl, 111osL of tlie pennruient aplsointnients were llznde therefrom. ' f i e niajority of ihe clerlis drawn from these two registers hacl been temporary Tllirteeiitlz Census employees, and wcre .given prcferellcc in certiiicatioi~under the provision of law j ~ ~incntioiiecl. st The apl~ropriatioiiact for 1014 createcl 7 aclclitional positions at $1,400 ancl 5 at $1,200, and reducer1 the nuinber of $900 places by 1, thus incrensiiig by 11 tlie total number of positions on the pcrinniicnt roll of the Burean, and bringing tlie ~ m n ~ b ofr places above $1,200 e up to 70, eqml to 13 pcr cent of the total nuinber of clcrical positions, as coiiiparecl wit11 Prouli 21 to 55 per cent in otlicr branclies of tlie clepmtaleiilal service. One of the objects which it was clesirecl to attain by the establishinelit of a permanent Census Bureau was tlie m:tinteizance of a nucleus for the large force ~vlzicliinust be einployecl during tlie clecennial census periods. h consiclerable part of t,liis n n c l c ~ ~ s must coilsist of einployees tliorougllly trained in census work and qualified to discharge responsible supervisory duties. Persons so qualified can cle. inancl larger salaries than the average clerk, ancl if they xre unable to 191J REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. 25 a obtain theill in the Census Bureau, will seek tl1ellz else~vh~re. o r F .this rensoa t h e Bure:~uis coilstaiitly losing some of its most vnlu~~:tble emplogrees a11c1 is obligecl to train, at Governineilt expense, others t o i;alce their places. Tlie very fact that the Bureau liiust espand so censos period col~stit~rtesstrong argumel~t a g r e a t l y a t each ~lccrniiial In favor of granting it a larger, rather than a smaller, proportion of hi&-salntiecl employees thrill is fo~ulcl i1i other branclia of tlle G o v e r n n e n t service. During the fiscal yenr 1913, following t l ~ u ueorgnnizntion of Lli~f o i ~ e anrl the enforcecl clel~iotioliof so large a prc?]~ortion of the high-salaried en~ploy 51 esperiencecl clelsks ees, s e s ~ g n e d seek ci~lployliierlteIse~vhere, to where thc pros1)ects for advancelneilt -\yere snperior to those i11 the Census Bureau. Tq7ith a vicw to reinedgiilg this condition so far as possible ~ ~ i t h o u t nsIcing f o r a matcriul increase in the apl2ropriation for s:~laries, a p r o l ~ o s a l f o r reclassilication 117ill bo snblnittecl to Congress. T h e present alicl the proposed coilstitution of the ofice force of the Bureau, exclusive of special agents, are shown in Appcnclix I. Tlle object of this proposed change is twofolcl: First, to provicle a l a r g e r proportion of places in the liigl~er-salariecl classes; ancl secolicl, l)y increasing the nuiiiber of salary classes t o malce possible nlore f i*acyl~ent p~~omotions. As nlrencljr inclicntecl, an unduly large proportion of the Bureau's employees a r c in tllc $1,200 class. The lsrolsosed reclassification, wliile calling. Sor only a sliglit illcrease in the total apprq3riation for salmries,, provicles for n matesial inc~easein the nurilber of highersnlnr~cclpositions. The estiiiintc calls for 12 clerlrs (11; $1,800, ns conll)a~'ecl -wit11 1 xt pscsent; for 12 at $1,680 nncl 15 at $1,660, or 27 1 a t an alrerngc sn1ar;y of about $1,020, as comparccl with 20 at $1,600 in the prosent c.lassification; :untl f o r 18 at $1,440, 23 a t $1,380, rtncl 34 nt $1,320, or n i l nggregtite of 75 a t salaries ranging froill $80 below t t s $40 above $1,1100, :is coii~~arccl wit11 30 a t $1,400 in the present ~1t:lnssiiication. Tho estinlate calls for 569 officials ailcl eluplogees (exc l ~ ~ s i v e spccinl ngelits) tlbove the subclerical grade, as comparecl of wit11 560 such officials ancl eniployees in l l ~ eforce n s at present conslit~~tccl. Ii'nrtl~ormorc, as nlrcndy stated, the proposecl reclassification, if carried illto ofieci, Ivill, by l)rovicling so many nlore snlary classes, m a k e ~ ~ o s s i b morc frequent promotions, with a resnltnnt improvelc lneiit i n t h e esprit cle corps. TE3II'OR.iRT FC)IiCE. u The Census Bnrean's :~pprol3ri~~tions thc fiscal ycnr 1912 \\.ere for iilsuiIicierzt to enable it to maiillalil its force of lelliporilry Thirteenth the Censns eiliployees tllrongl~out fiscal year, Immecliaiely upon t h e passage of the urgelit cleficierlcy nct i n December, 1911,steps were talcen t o ell-op the tcmpornsy force as rapiclly as possible, and by Febrnary 20, 1012, practically all of these employees hacl been clroppecl from the Bureaii's roll. I n viem of the unfinishecl coliclition o f much of t h e Tlnirteentl~Census work, an appropriation of $120,000 for tempo~nrg clerical service was requestccl for tlle fiscal yenr 1913, i n order that: t h i s worlc ~liigllt brougl~t completion as rapiclly as possible. O n be to A u g u s t 23, 1912, this amount nTasxl'proprintecl by Congress, i t being stip~rlnteclt h a t not lo exccecl 176 clerlrs sho~ilcl eiiiployecl, at salaries be 538 24 1913 REPORT OB THE DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. not to esceecl $900 per annum, that their terms of service shonld ex. pire on June 30, 1913, and that they sho~zld ap1301ntecl Prom among be foriner Thirteenth Ceasns employees. T h e Burcnu appointed tl~ese 175 temporary clerlrs a t $720 per aniium, apportioning tile111 (altlzough not required to do so by the tcrins of the apl>ropriation act), so far as practicable, among the States on the basis of their ]~opnlation,but, i n order to avoicl bringing persons to 11~:~sbington froin n tlistance for L co~npnrativ~ly : short period of service, proferelice was given to those 1oc:tlly available. It Tvns possible i n most clnses to give a State its quota of appointments froin m o n g persolis who, whilc legal residents of that State, were actually living in or near TVashii~gtonat tlse time. Inasn~r~ch tlse yjpropriation :nct did not becolnc n law until as late in Alignst, it was not posqible to a p p o i i ~ ally of tllese temporary t clerlrs before September 1, and mimy were not appoilzterl until about October 1. Consecluently, the appropriation of $120,000 was conaiderably more t11nn suiYicieiit to compensate these 175 cniployces until ihe end of the fiscal year. The Bnrear~, therefore, nslrerl for authority to increase the number of temporary clerks ~vitlioutan increase in by the amomlt of tlie appropriation. This nnihosity was gr:~ntccl the appropriation act for thc fiscal year 1914, mlzicls v n s approvet1 Marc11 4 , 1913. The tenlporary force was, accorclingly, i11cre:rsccl until it reached a masimum of 266 j11 May ancl June, 1913. On June 30, 1913, all these temporary positions lapsed uilcler tlse terirls of the act clreating them. DISTRIBTSl'ION O F FORCE. The distribution of the office :tncl field force of the Burcan of the Census on October 31, 1913, is shown i n Appei~clix1 . 1 QUARTERS. The building: i n which the Census Burenn is a t presenC llousccl is ~ulsatisfiictary111 rcspecl to s:lnilnry :yanrl ligliting coi1clitioiis ancl in respect to ilaiiger froin fire. Greater slsace for tlie storage of rccords ililcl equil>ineiit is also liiglsly desirable. A fireproof building, erected with proper reprcl for lighting aricl sanitary c,onditions, nncl having ample storage space, moulcl f:~cilitatethe lvorli of tlla 13nrcan :~nd \voulcl greatly incrca5e the comfort nncl veil-bring of ils employees. 111 vie111 of llle vast quantity of valuable records \vhicli lisust be stored, ni:tiiy of ~ ~ l i i c h co~ilclnot be r e ~ s l a c if ~rlestl~oyed, ~ l ihe ~zecltlof n lireproof b n i l d i ~ ~is esl)eci:~llypronounced; a n d ~ v h i l et h e Census Bng reau rem;tinq in its present qanrters there is grent i~eeclof a large^ fireproof vault for tlse storage of population schedules of past censuses, as tlie capacity of tlie vault now in use i s insrrllicicnt to meet rcqnireinents. the Bnren~~'s I n this coilnrction the Director of the Cenws, on Septeinber 27, 1913, ~vl'otethe Secretary of Co1nine1-ce as f o l l o ~ r s : There :we in nly custody iri the Census builtling n nunlbel- of volumes of the returils of the c ~ n s u sfroill 1790 to 3000, which are of great value, ant1 it wonltl be inlpossihle to rel~lrlcethe111 if they \vcre destroyerl. The names of the heads of fiunilies returnecl a t the census of 1790 were considerecl of such grent value tllnt thojr mere published, in order thnt tliey ~lliglltbe l)lncecl on record ill cliffereilt libraries and render it i l l l ~ o ~ ~ lor ~all l o be destroyed. ib e . V I W . ".t" (d 0 REPORT OF THE DIRBOTOR OB THE DENSUS. 25 These returns, however, are incomglcte, as me have no returns for the Stale of De1aw:lre for IT00 ; noilc for the Stnte of Georgia for 1790, 1800, and 1810 ; I o l ~ ~ ~ l a t i o n conlniniug tlie returns of the other censuses, e x c e ~ ~ t 1500, have been 1)laced on met:~llic shelves in the ilorthern part of the large enst room. The census scbedulcs Proin 1790 to 1000, except those of 1890, now occupy in the Census Rnre:lu a space 45 by 26 feet, 12 feet high, The pol?nl~ztionretnms for the ccnfins of 1890 require about ns i11ue11 sD:Ice as the returns for the other enunieratio~is;that is, if we nttempled to glace the returns in a vault. it wollld have to hnvc ap~~rosiliiately 2,340 syuare feet for c:lses a t least 12 feet liigb T o the foregoing letter the Secretary of Commerck, on October 3, 1013, replied as follo~vs : Referring to your conlriiunicatioll of the 27th on condi(ions as regards tli!: fire risk to valuable recoi'iis in the building at; present occupied by 77ur Bureau, 26 .r suv RQ1W - EEPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE UENSUS, let me say that 'yom instructions prohibiting smolcing a r e npproved, a s is also your intention to enforce them strictly. ICindly give co~lpideration ;my other to precautions that may further provide safety, such a s absolute cleiil~li~ess in ant-of-the-way places, scrpervision of the night wntchmen, provision of fireextinguishing nl~gliancesreadily accessible, arrr~ngemelllsfor the pronlpt removal of the lllore valnable 11arL of the records in case of fire. In short, take whatever stells your judgment suggests and the nlealls nt your clisposal ~ e r m i t lo prevent loss. T:~lre a note to bring the matter again lo nly attention the latter part of November that I may bring the subjecl before both IIouses of' Congress in the hope that they may provide funds which will permit our putting these illvulu. able records into a condition of safety. I n t h e meantime I suggest your sendreply, to thc Chairmen of the ing a copy of gour+letler to me ancl of this, ~ n y House Cornmlttec on the Ce~lsusand the Seni~CeCommittee on the C e ~ ~ s nin, s order tliat they may be fully inrormed. APPROPRIATIONS, EXPENDITURES, ETC. I n Appendix I 1 is presented a financial statelnent for the perma1 nent; Census Bureau for lhe fiscal year 1913 and for tho Thirteenth Decennial Census Eroin July 1,1909, to June 30,1013. COllPARATIVE COST Ol? PRINTING FOR TUrELPTIX AND THIRTEENTI3 CICNSUSBS. It is impossible to innlre an exact colnparison of the printing costs of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Censuses, owing to the radical difference between the methods of printing clnployed a t tlie two censuses. A rough comparison may be made, however. There was spent for Thirteenth Census printing up to June 30, 1912, out of the lump-sum appropriations available for the expensy of the Thirteenth Census, $303,349.73. I n Xi'ebr~~ary, 1912, an estlmate of $272,000 to complete the xinting of the results of the Thir;teenth Census was submitted to ongress. This item was included i the legislati-\re, executive, and judlcial appropriation act for the n fiscal year 1913, ancl the same act for 1914 reappropriated the unexended balance of this amotlnt, all o r substantially all of which mill i e spent. The total cost of printing the rewlts of the Thirteenth Census will not, therefore, exceed the sum of these two amounts, or $575,349.73. The apl~roximate cost of the Twelfth Census printing, as gi-ren on page 29 of the Annual Report of the Director of the CenRLIS for the Piscnl Penr 1908, was $820,000. Carefill computations have been made for the purpose of verifying this figure, so far as it was possible to do so, and it2 is found to bo substnntinlly correct. There will be, therefore, a decrease of about $245,000, or almost 30 per cent, in the printing cost of the Thirteenth Census as compared with that of the Tmelftli. I n this connection it may be stated tliat the estimated cost of printing Thirteenth Censns publications was given as $800,000 on page 29 of the Annual Report of the Director of the Census for the Fiscal Year 1908, already rel'erred to. It ]nay not be Inappropriate here to mention briefly a Iew of the bore salient points of difference between the methods of publisl~ing ancl distributing the results of the two censuses. At each census the Abstract has been st~blishecli n much larger numbers than any of the other volumes. i n all, 66,000 copies of the b lvlJ 7 Jt.3-I. REPORT O F T H E DIRECTOR OF THE CENSUS. 27 Abstract of the Twelfth. Census were printecl, 35,000 of which had been printecl up to January 1, 1904, as compared with 58;425 copies of the Abstract of the Thirteenth Census up to January 1,1914. The Abstract of the Thirteenth Census contains about three times as inucli material relative to the United States as a whole as v a s contained in the Abstract of the T.\velfth Census.@ Five thousand copies of each of the large final vol~unesof the re, ports of the Thirteenth Census have been or will bo printed, as compared with from 5,000 to 25,000 each of the volumes constituling the ,Twelfth Census rel~orts. Greater care has been talcen at the Thirteenth Census than ever before in respect to the distribution of pctblicatims, an earnest effort only to such persons and instituhaving been made lo furnish tl~ein tions as really desire thcnl. The mosl.iinportant feature of the Thirteenth Cens~rsseries of publications, and one n~hichis not found i n those of any previous census, is tlle provision of State supplements to the Abstract contain ing colnplete and cletailecl statistics, 111ore comprehensive i n some re. ~pects than those found even in the large volumes constituting the final reports of former censuses. The local statistics of previous censuses could be secured only in the preliininqry bulletins or in the final reports. Comparatively few could obtaln access to the final with reports, and even then it was difficult to asseinble a11 the d a t ~ reference t o any one locality from the numerous tables scattered Ihrougl~ various volumes. the It will be seen, therefore, that, althougl~smaller editions of the final reports of the Thirteenth Census have been issued than were issued of those of the Twelfth, the substantial results of the last census, in such form as to be readily grasped, have been placed in the hands of a much larger number of persons than received the reports of the Tnrelftll Census, and at the same time at a materially reduced . cost for printing. FISCAL W A R 1914. The appropriation for 1914 wns $1,122,820. The itell1 for salaries was increased to $711,240, the item for collectin statistics reduced to $354,000 (as compared with $38'?,000 in 1913, t l i s amount including $45,000 for collecting statistics of cotton ancl tobacco), and the item for tabulating ~nachines1.ec1uced to $10,000. No new approprintion was made for printing ancI binding the resrrlts of the Thirteenth Census, but the ullexpellded bxla~lceof the 1913 appropriation for Thirteenth Census ~ r i n t i n gwas reappropriated and rllndc available for 1914. T FISCAL TEA12 1 9 1 5 . The ainount est.imated for the fiscal year 1915 is $1,709,720. The estimnte for salarics has beell increased to $722,140 (see Appendix I, and cliscussion undel: " Office force-l'ernianent employees"), that for tabulating machines to $15,000, and that for collecting statistics to $925,000. The estimates for the other iteins are the same as the amo~ults appropriated for 1014. a For description of the Abstract, see p. 7. r 28 -. - "..I" REPORT 017 T E E DIRECTOR 03' TEIE CENSUS. The increase of $5,000 i n the estimate f o r tabulating machines is lilacle because of the illcrease of work i n the mecl~nnicallaboratory lllciclent to the census of mnnnfacL~~res. The large increase ($671,000) in the estimate f o r collecting statistics is nccoullteil for mainly by the iten1 of $566,400 f o r t h e quinquennial celzsus of manufactures, ml~icllwill r e h i e t o the calendar pear 1914. The last lsrevious census of manufncturcs, relating to the calelldar year 1909, was tnlren at a cosl for field work of $517,044. Tho increase in the estimated cost is due largely to the fact t h a t the census of 1909 was talcen in connection with other field work, so L11lat the cost of each branch mas greatly reduced. An item of $18,000 is inclucled for transcripts 01 birth records. No corresponding appropriation was made for 1914. Slight illcreases are l z ~ ~ ine the items for trnnscrilsts of cleat11 records and stat;istics d of cities, and slight docreases appear i n the itenis for cotton statistics sul~cltobacco statistics. A reduction of $4,400 is made i n the estimate for salaries of expert; special agents to offset an i t a n of that amount for salaries of two assistant statisticians (new positions) a t $2,200. Xcspectf~~lly submitted. TOg 1 . 0 1'VVILLIA~~C. REDFIELD, WM. J. EIARRIS, Dil~ectorof the Ce~wus. 8ecretary of Oon~rnerce. APPENDIXES. APPENDIX I. PROPOSED RECLASSIFICATION OF FORCE. mU3SDNT OPFICB FORCD. I OIWIC~~ R C D ACCORD IN^ m ~STIJI-LTES FOR 1916. Di~*ector ---------------------- $0,000 Director ---------------------- $0 000 Chief Clerli ------------------- 2,500 Chief Clerk -------------------- 2 600 ' ------ ' ---- 12,000 Chief statisticiant- - - - - --------- 3 2G0 4 chief statisticians a t $3,000 2 statisticians a $3,000 6' 000 Slatisticinn ------------------- 2 760 : 2 assistant stntisticiails a t $2,200 a4 400 Geographer .................... 2 000 Geographer 2'000 Stcnogrnpller ----.------------1 600 Stenographer -----------------: 1 500 : 8 expert chiefs of division at 8 expert chiefs of division nt $2000 ...................... 10,000 $2,000 --------------------- 16,000 11 cierics a1 1,800 ---------.. 19,800 13 clcrlts n t , 1,800 ------------- 21 GOO 1601 ------------- 20'160 20 clerics a t ! , 0 1 1 ---------- 32,000 12 clerlrs at '1,080 15 clerks a t 1,560 ------------- 23: 400 18 clerlts a t 1440------------- 25 920 30 clcrbs a t $1,400 ------------- 64,600 23 clerks a t 11380------------- 31: 740 ------------ 44 880 34 clerlts a t $1,320 54 clerlrs n t $1 260------------- 0 :040 8 305 clerlts a t $1,200 360,000 140 clerlrs n t i,200 178,800 46 clerks at 140------------- 52,440 14 cleplcs a t ff1080 -------...--36 720 -,----------83,000 41 clerks aL 1:020------------- 41:820 83 clerlcs a t $1,000 18 clerks n t $9GU-------------- 17,280 -------------- 77,400 85 clerics at $000--------------- 70 500 80 clerlts a t $900 Subclerical force---------------- 38,440 Subclerical force ---------------- 38:440 ------------ 1 ------------ . Total -------------------- 7 1 240 11 1 Total -------------------- 722,140 APPENDIX 11. STATEMENT SHOWING NATURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ,OFFICE AND FIELD FORCE, OCTOBER 31,1913. OFFICIALS. Cllief Clerli------------------------------------------------ J~.'ILIAAIL, AUSTIN. Chief statisticians : Population WILIIIANIC. HUNT. Statistics of cities ------------------------------ Ln (:RAND Pownrcs. Manufact~~res - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WILLIA~I Wsu-hn~. -M. Vital slatistics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - Y L, W l ~ ~ u l l . mxpert special ngent in charge of agricnlture-------------------JOIIN LBB COU1,Tsn. Expert specinl ngent in charge of revision and results-----------JOSBPX A. 1-IILII. Gcographcr--~---------~----~------------CAlLs S. S L O A N ~ . Ex])erl- chiefs of division : Population - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A 1%.J . i ~ v r s . L . CV. RoCH. EDwanr, Agricultore - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -A H U 3. HII~SCII. I-IICIC~~AN T. CFrIr.nncs. Manuinctnrcs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - J o s s ~ a 1 ~ 3 ~ ~ 1 s . D. FILANTC SANBORD. L. Vital statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I C C. LAPPIS. Publication 1 3 ~ 1 FI. P I~ ~ I ~ C E . ~1~ ~ Chief mecllnnicinn ------------------------------------------ 1.: 11. I,AROITEAUX.' 1 --------------------------------------------. a The t\vo assistant ~tntisticians t $2,200arc in lieu of t\vo- ofice specinl agents :\t a $6 pcr d t ~ ywhose compcnsntiol~would be paid from t h e approyVinti011 f o r collecting Statistics. A'corresnondinrr reduction has heel1 made in t:ho estimate for this item, so tllnt. while thc increase in the esfiu~utefor snlnries a s colnpnred with the aplIropriation £Or 1014 Is $10,000, the nct increase 'in the estimate for compmsntiou of office cmployces, including special agents, is only $6,500. nr\ 30 --- REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR O THE UENSUS. D CLEItICAL FORCE. Stenographer, $1,500---------------Clerks : Class 4........................ Class 3-----------------------Class 2-----------------------Class 1------------------------ 1 Cleylts : 1 1 20 38 302 1,000 83 $900-- -----------------------, 81 ........................ Total--------,--,----------- 638 SUBCLERICAL FORCE. I . Ingineel; $1,000 ------------------Blrcf~~ician 000-----------------$1 Skilled labdrer; : Unsk lled laborers, $720------------Messengers, $840------------------ - I t- 1,000 aoo-------------------------120-------------------------- ------------------------ 10 8 3 1 Assistant messen ers, $720 4 1 illcsscnger bo B f480 4 Watchmcn ~$2~26 .................... 6 3 2 Biremen, $720 14 4 Charwomen, $240 -----------------.: -----------------------..................... Total----------------------- KB MACIIINI-SI-IOP FORCE. Mechnnician, Total SPBCIBL-AGENT FORCE. B x p e r t ~ ,agents for general 5eld woNc, etc-----------------------------------SUMMARY OF CENSUS FORCE. Oflcials -----------,--------------17 Special agents (general forco) -----31 Clerical --------------------------- 656 'Subc1e1-ical 59 Total onice force----------048 l\Inchine shop---------------------5 Sp?cial agents to collect statistics of cotton ------------- ------------------- 760 --------------------I--- $1,200 ----------------2 5 31 ---------------,--_---- -- - APP~NDIX 111. FINANCIAL STATEMENT. FISCAL YEAR 1913. Administrative : S~laries for administrative places.................... Salaries for lllvision of correspondence and mnil-------Salaries for library .................................. Snlarles for watch, labor and char forces -------------Rent - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Stationery ---------------------------------------Misct-llaueous expenses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Books and p~riodicals .............................. $30,179.16 20, 026. 50 4,987.24 20 580.07 21' 000 00 .9,'809: 20 14,767.29 487.72 Totnl---------------------------------------Geogrnpher'~ tlivision : Salaries ------------------------------------Maclii~lesl~op : S n l a r i ~------------------------------------------- 23,240.00 s 3<540.12 Llutorials, supplies, ctc .............................. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thirteenth Censl~s work : PopulationSupetsvision ------------------------ $11 518 35 Gcncral and State reports 08' 456: 32 Orcupations ------------------------ ~ 7 7 985. 38 : Foroign-horn- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 445. 12 Tenure of homes .................... 10, 138.50 AgrfcoltureSupervision -----------------------8 362 38 General nnd State reports ------------ 8 1 NU', 73 Color, tenure, and size--------------- 10: 051.42 Pltintations and ownership of tenant farms ----------------------- 14 913.17 Irrigation --------------------,----831. 29 $139 897.17 19: 740.23 1 - 26, 5g5. l 2 REPORT Ol? THE DIREUTOR OF T H E CENSUS. T h i r t e e n t h Census work-Continued. &fanufad uressupervision -----------------Completion of manufactures reports--I n d u s L ~ i n l districts ----------------Minos a n d quarrics ------------------ 3% $9,70s. 99 41 819 74 1: 276:02 17,410.80 $70 222 24 30: 167: 07 24, 310.70 11,3:{8.21 253,291.44 ,5!5,500. 76 24, s44. 3 8 . 10, n15. 37 81. '709.16 , 82, 371.41 T o t a l --------------------------------------Instit~ttiOllS--------------------------------------Revision nlld results-------------------------------publications -------------------------------------A n n u a l investigations : Cotton---------------------------------------Tlobacco ---------------------------------------Elcctricxl inclnstries Forest ~rodllCts---- ------------------------- Vital s t a t i s t i c s ------------------------------ - S t a t i s t i c s of cities ---------------------------------- Tot*" -------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - $623,7*3,0Q - Miscellnneous----------------------------------------------------- 'l'otal--.---.----- 7,393.91 --- -- -.Grilnd t o t a l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,107,840.81 J -------------- L------ - -- - - 486,471.38 ( Expenses of t h o Tllirtaontli Cons~is, 1913.. .................... Salaries Br~rcau the Census 1913........................... of ~ o r n ~ o r clerlrs Bureau of dho Census, 1013.. hy Tabulating mqoltines, Bureau of the Censtls, 1913. ............ Collecting statlstws, Bureau of tho Census, 1913.. Tobacao statistlas, Uurasu ol tho Census, 1013................. Cotton slulistics JhIroao of tlio Census, 1913. ................. ~ e n ~ u r o a u i t h o en st is, 1013.. ....................... .:.. t o ~ o n t $ g o n t exponsos, Dopitrtment o Commorco and Labor, f 1013.. ................. . ...... ... ................. . .. Appropriaticns. b $102 330.30 b 593'823.28 1 Exponditurp $99,908.68 571 250.58 110'191. fl6 20:505.12 291,137.25 14,988 83 28 543.97 21:000. 00 25,120 72 1,197,840.81 1 nalilnce, .............. ............. 120:000.00 c 26,613.93 342 000.00 16'000.00 30:000.00 22,080.00 26,900.00 Total.. ................................................. 1,277,386.61 COST O F T H I R T E E N T H DECENNIAL CENSUS TO JUNE 30, 1913. T h l r t c o n t h Census a p roprintions : Pnicl t o Dee. 31 8912---------------------------------- $15, 171 693.25 Paid, J a n . 1, lb13, i o J u n e 30, 1913--------------------------1 325. 72 : A p p r o p r i a t i o n s f o r fiscal year 1913 : 823 743.Oa Salaries of employees on Thirteenth Census morlr Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1152: 910.4! ---------------- COB'P O F TI-IIRTEICNTEI CENSUS PRIXTINQ. P a y m e n t s t o J u n e 30, 1912-----------------------------------P a g ~ n e ~ i t r o m 1013 n ~ p r o p r i n t i o --------------------------------fs n B a l a n c e of nplsropriatfon f o r Thirteenth Census pl'inting (all mill prohably be nscd) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E s t i m a t e i l total Dec. 31, 1913 $:303 ti49 73 . 162: 916:41 - 575,349.73 119,083.59 a Includos cost of supervision for forest producls cotton tobacco and electrical industries. b Becnuse of complicstions arising from the fact that t l l ~ l ~ u r e a u dpcmtgd under joint resollrtiolls of C0l;; press from J u l y 1 to hug. 23 1012 lncl\lsive tl~o approprlntion for "Salarlos, Bllreall o the Conslls 1013 f was divided b y tho Trwsur$ ~o$art~nent two parts: One under tliehoad "E enses of the ~hirteonih in\o unde