PROSTATE CANCER

							    PROSTATE
     CANCER
Understand, Prevent and Overcome




     Professor Jane A. Plant



                                   ·j
Contents



                                                                 v

Acknowledgements                                                 v

Welcome                                                         vii

1 PROBLEMS WITH THE PROSTATE?                                     1
Why, as a natural scientist, my approach to the problem of
cancer (both ofthe prostate and the breast) is different from
that of orthodox medical researchers. The orthodox
approach to prostate cancer, the conventional risk factors
for the disease, the value and reliability of different
diagnostic tests and the advantages and disadvantages of the
various treatment options.

2 CELLS BEHAVING BADLY                                           66
Cancer explained clearly in unscary, everyday language
based on information from the most up-to-date scientific
papers.

3 THE THIRD STRAWBERRY                                           87
How I used my science, my knowledge and my experience
of working in China and Korea, and with colleagues from
these countries - as well as a large dollop of good luck - to
identifY what I believe to be the main factor that causes
prostate and breast cancer.

4 MILK IS A FOUR-LETTER WORD                                    109
An explanation of the scientific evidence that links the
consumption of dairy produce to prostate cancer. Why
giving up dairy will cut your risk of suffering from prostate
cancer and many other diseases.

5 THE FOOD FACTORS                                              135
The eight dietary factors that will help you cut your risk of
suffering from prostate cancer.
6 THE LIFESTYLE FACTORS                                          197.
The eight lifestyle factors that can help you cut your risk of
suffering from prostate cancer.

7 INFORMATION, MISINFORMATION AND MONEY                          231
Why the system has failed to protect us from, or even
inform us of, the many avoidable risk factors implicated in
prostate cancer and the relationship between science and
funding.

Notes                                                            256

To Find Out More About Prostate Cancer                           285

Index                                                            287
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Index                                                                                           : I.·
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Advertising Standards Agency 236, 237          Cambridge University 72, 252
Agricultural Testament, An (Howard) 160        cancer 21
Alexander, Malcolm 241                           charities 246-8; holistic approach to
American Academy of Pediatrics                       7-10; media and advertising 248-50;
     Committee on Nutrition 128                      research 6-7, 9, 10, 93, 97, 240, 247
American Cancer Society (ACS) 23, 28, 54,      Cancer 34
     ll9, 149, 234                             Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford
American Joint Committee on Cancer                   University ll7
     (AJCC) 31                                 Cancer Prevention 173
American Journal of Pathology 123              Cancer Research UK 93, 247
American Medical Association 246               cell:
AntiDairy coalition 134                          cancer growth in 66-74, 80, 81, 82, 84;
Aoyagi, Akiko 145                                    cytoplasm 69, 70-1, 80, 81; mitosis 68;
Aronson, Jeffrey 244                                 mutations 69, 82; proliferation 84;
Association of British Pharmaceutical                suicide 82 see also DNA
    Industries 245                             cervical cancer 8
Association of Community Health                Charing Cross Hospital vii, 91
    Councils 241                               chemical risk factors:
Atlas of Cancer Mortality in the People's        brominated flame retardants (BFRs)
    Republic of China, The 91, 92, 107               222; dioxins 217-18; endocrine-
                                                     disrupting chemicals CEDCs) ix, 216,
Baby and Child Care (Spock) 233                      220-1, 222, 223, 227; polychlorinated
Balfour, Lady Eve 160                                biphenyls (PCBs) 218-19; polycyclic
Bathsheeba at her TotLet 122                         aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Beijing University 197                               216-17; vinyl chlorides (PVCs) 227
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) 19-21,      China:
     22, 23, 27, 29, 30, 56, 60, 61, 84, 93,     diet vii, ll, 100-8, 140-2; medicine 50,
     230                                             59-62; prostate cancer incidence rates
Biochemistry (Voet) 81-2                             91-100
Bircher-Benner, Dr Max 158                     CID 132, 233
bovine tuberculosis 131                        co-enzyme QI0 143, 197, 200
Breastfeeding - A Guide to the Medical         Cornell University 197
     Profession 124                            Cramer, Dr Daniel 106
Bristol Cancer Help Centre 61, 165             cystitis 49, 190
British Acupuncture Council 50
British Geological Survey (BGS) 2, 3, 92       dairy produce:
British Medical Association 50                   allergies and 129-31; calcium levels in
British Medical Journal (BM!) ix, 8, 15, 27,       viii, 120; Chinese intake oflOO-8, lll,
     77, Ill, 198, 222, 225, 239,241-2, 243,        140-2; Cow's milk protein (CMP) 129;
     245, 246, 248-9, 252                           cutting out 106-8, 149-50; effects of
British Society of Integrated Medicine 61,          consuming 109-12; hormones and
     62                                             growth factors in ll4-28; infants,
BSE 132,232                                         effects on 128-9; illfectious illness and
288    PROSTATE CANCER


     131-3; intensive farming and 132-3;             154, 196, 198, 199; formaldehyde 225;
     lactose 129; link to prostate cancer            free radicals 78-9, 166; free radicals,
     102-20, 146-7; marketing 109, 231-6;            reduce 78-9, 195; fruit and vegetables
     milk 100-5, 112-14; osteoporosis and            135-40, 151-65, 200, 204; garlic 101,
     133-4                                           153, 157-8, 194, 196; Gerson 105;
Darwin, Charles 89                                   ginger 180; hair dyes 225; herbs 180,
Davis, Susan 247                                     194; honey 186-7; hormones and
Department for Environment, Food and                 growth factors, reducing 193; juices
     Rural Affairs (UK) 221                          154, 158-9, 160; kelp 200, 227; linoleic
Department of Agriculture (US) 110                   acid 136, 175; linseed oils 148; Linusit
Department of Agriculture Pasteurization             55; lipo-proteins (LDLs) 143;
     (US) 118                                        microwave 204; miso 146; natto 146;
Department of Health (US) 203                        nori 169; nutrients 166-7, 194-5, 196;
Department of Health (UK) 128-9                      oils 172-9; olive oil 136, 173, 177, 178,
diagnosis and examination 17-18, 22-3,               180, 204; organic food and pesticides
     36-40                                           160-5, 184, 236-42; packaging 200-1;
  biopsy 28-9, 30-1; computed                        phytochemicals 136-40;
     tomography (CT) scan 31, 34-5,                  phyto-oestrogens 143, 147-8, 154, 155,
     241-2; detection, early 17-18; digital          194; Plant Programme 192-6;
     rectal examination (DRE) 23, 27, 28,            potassium bromate 184; proteins
     31, 32, 62; high-resolution magnetic            165-72; pulses 166; red clover 154-5;
     resonance imaging 35-6; lymph-node              refined, preserved or overcooked food,
     biopsy 31; magnetic resonance                   avoiding 195-6; saffron 180; salad 159;
     imaging (MRI) scan 34-5, 241-2;                 salt 179; seafood 159, 166, 216, 219;
     positron emission tomography 36;                seasoning and flavouring 179-83;
     ProstaScint scan 36; prostate-specific          seaweed 168-9, 196; selenium 155,
     antigen (PSA) test 18,23, 24-9, 41, 61,         197, 199; sesame seed 155; snacks
     63, 64, 83-4, 95, 119; radiation                183-6; soap 203, 225; soup 159, 183;
     exposure 10; radionuclide bone scan             soy sauce 146-7; soya 100, 142-51;
     35; screening 17-18,23, 24-36;                  soya ice cream 183; soya milk 149;
     self-examination 18; recurrence 57-8;           sugar 186-7,195; sushi 169; sweeteners
     staging and grading 31-2; symptoms              186-7; temp eh 145; tofu 145; tomato
     21-2; transcutaneous nerve                      136, 153, 173, 177; triclosan 225;
     stimulation (TENS) 50; Transrectal              turmeric 180; variety 151-60, 196;
     ultrasound (TRUS) 30-2, 34-5                    vegan 122, 144; vegetable and animal
diet 135-6                                           protein 102-5, 194-5; vinegar 180;
  acrylamide 202, 203, 204; agar-agar 169;           vitamins viii, 119, 120, 147, 120, 147,
     alfalfa 148, 194; American 102-4,               153-4, 155, 156, 166, 180, 184, 189, 196,
     110-12; antioxidants 79, 144, 153,200;          197-200, 205, 228; yoghurt 147; zinc
     asparagine 203; bananas 159-60;                 115, 155, 184-5, 197, 198-9
     benzene 225; beta-carotene 152, 153,       Diet for a New America (Robbins) 117, 133
     160, 197; brazil nuts 166; brewer's        DNA 54, 69, 70, 73, 74, 77-9, 120, 123,
     yeast 196, 200, 227; Bristol 87, 105;           135-6, 157, 154, 158, 196,217,220
     brown bread 184; cadmium 168-9;            doctor, relationship with 12-17,29-30, 64
     canola oil 168, 175; carbohydrates 85,     Doll, Sir Richard 8, 92-3
     122; carotenoids 136; cereal foods 166,    Donaldson, Dr Liam 15
     183-6, 194; chemicals, reducing            Doyle, Colleen 119
     man-made 193-4; chicken 166;               drugs:
     Chinese 102-4; CLAs 174, 175, 236;           alpha-blocking 20; antibiotics 21, 43, 51;
     coeliac disease 199; cooking 201-5;             aspirin 60; Bicalutamide 52;
     cosmetics 203, 225, 227; dried fruit            bisphosphonates 53; chemotherapy
     183; drinks 3, 154, 187-92, 193-4, 228;         53-5; cisplatin 55; development 6;
     eggs 166, 168, 196; Epsom salts 225;            diethylstilboestrol (DES) 52;,
     fats 172-9; 199, 200, 204; fish and             Doxazosin 20; etoposide 55;·
     chips 183; flaxseed 155, 177; folic acid        Finasteride 20, 62; Flutamide 52, 62;
                                                                            INDEX      289


    Genasense 56; Gleevac 56; Heparin               (epidermal growth factor) 82, 124;
    43; Ketoconazole 53; Megestrol                 IGF-I viii, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 95,
    acetate 53; Mitozantrone 57;                   114-16, 117-19, 120, 121-2; IGF-II 81,
    painkillers 51; problems "With 242-6;          83,84,95,117,119,122-3; in food 85;
    resistance 76; side effects 20, 52, 53-5,      nerve-growth factor (NGF) 81, 82;
    57; steroids 51, 54, 57, 79, 82, 124;          prolactin 123-4
    Tamoxifen 116 see also treatments           Growth Factors and their Receptors in
    and therapies                                   Cancer Metastasis 84

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)           Harvard Nurses' Health Study (HNHS)
    (US) 202, 203                                   234-5
epidemiology 7-8                                Harvard School of Public Health 116
Epstein, Professor 85                           Harvard University 106, 119
European Commission 227                         Health Development Agency (UK) 240
European Common Agricultural Policy             Health Professionals Follow-up (HPFU)
    232-3                                           173
European Environment Agency (EEA) 223           Heason, Peggy 210-11, 214
European Randomised Study of Screening          Hippocrates 13, 68, 130
    for Prostate Cancer 25-6                    Hopkiss, Dr Sharon 226
European Union 95, 117, 121, 133, 167,          hormones 208
    232, 245                                      folical-stimulating (FSH) 80, 114; growth
  Scientific Committee on Veterinary                82, 167; in food 85; luteinising (LH)
    Measures Relating to Public Health 85           80,114; luteinising hormone-releasing
Evans, Dr Chris 212-13                              (LHRH) 52, 53, 62, 80, 114; oestrogen
Evans, Norma 213                                    81, 124-5, 223; oxytocin 132; Porcine
Exeter University 56                                Somatotrophin (PST) 167; rBGH 117,
                                                                                              I
                                                    118, 123; testosterone 81, 124-5, 223;    "




FDA Consumer 129                                    treatments 37, 39, 41, 51-3, 69, 79-86
First World War 158                             Howard, Sir Albert 160
Fletcher, Martin 227                            Human Genome Project 72
Food Standards Agency 160, 198, 203, 204,
     236,238                                    IGFBP-3 72, 82-3, 119
Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of           illinois University 155
     Cancer: a Global Perspective 135           Imperial College, London 2, 11
Forever Feminine (Wilson) 248                   impotency 21, 42, 49, 52, 205
full blood count (FBC) 34                       incidence rates 11-12
                                                   African-American men 93-5; Asian
Gaia: The Practical Science of Planetary             91-100; USA 94-5
    Medicine (Lovelock) 5                       incontinence 42, 48-9
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and          Institute of Environment and Health
    Trade) 117                                       (IEH) (UK) 200, 222
General Medical Council (UI<) 245               Institute of Food Science & Technology
genes:                                               (UK) 130
  apoptotic 70; BRCA 72, 73; mutations 70,      International Agency for Research on
    78; oncogenes 72; p53 74; therapy 76;            Cancer (IARC) 93, 97           "             I
    tumour-suppressor 70                                                                          I
geochemistry 2-3                                Johne's disease 131
Gerson, Dr Max 158                              Journal of the American Medical Association
Giovannucci, E. 120                                 197, 243
Gleason rating 31, 32-4                         Journal of the National Cancer Institute 27
Gleason, Donald 34, 41
Greenwald, Peter 65                             Kashin-Beck disease 91
growth factors 69                               Kellogg, Dr 158
  brain-derived neurotrophic factor             Kelvin, Lord 89
    (BDNF) 81; discovery of 81; EGF             Keshan disease 91
290    PROSTATE CANCER


Kniepp, Father 158                            Oxford University 95, 117, 197, 236
Kolonel, Professor 97
                                              papilloma (wart) virus 8, 105
Lancet 44, 248                                Patients Association 16
Larsen, Hans R 115                            Pennington, Hugh 131
Lawton, Professor John 4                      PhYSicians Committee for Responsible
LeShan, Lawrence 207                               Medicine 135
leukaemia 7                                   PhYSicians Health Study 118-19, 173
London School of Health and Tropical          Planetary Overload (McMichael) 223, 254
     Hygiene 223, 252                         Plant Programme, The (plant/Tidey) vii,
Lost Continent, The 110-11                         15, 56, 140, 149, 153, 180, 193, 196,
Lovelock, James 5                                  253
lung cancer 8, 93, 105, 107                   Pollack, Professor 115, 116
lymph node 31, 36, 42, 87, 105, 107           Powles, Dr 252
                                              Preventive Services Task (US) 198
Malins, Joseph 251                            prostate:
McGill University 116                           conditions 10, 19-21, 22, 23, 27, 29, 30,
McMichael, Professor AJ 223,254                    56, 60, 61, 84, 93, 230; location of 18,
Medical Research Council 6                         19
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center        Prostate Cancer Book, The (Waxman) 240
    158                                       Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial 62
Miller, Gregory D. 233                        Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian
MIND 209                                           Cancer Screening Trial 62
Mosconi, Paola 246
multiple sclerosis (MS) 87-8                  rectal damage and diarrhoea 49
Mundy, Alicia 247                             risk factors 10-12, 68-78
                                              chemical ix, 216-21, 222, 227; cooking
National Cancer Institute (NC!) (US) 7, 55,        201-5; dairy produce see dairy
     62, 65, 93, 135, 151, 152, 155, 197           produce; environmental substances
National Cancer Research Institute (UK)            214-29; food packaging 200-1;
     240                                           misinformation 231-6; sexual activity
National Dairy Council (US) 134, 233-4,            229-30; sleeplessness and fatigue 212,
     238                                           214; stress 205-14, 206-9; tobacco
National Health Service (UK) 6, 241-2,             smoke 8, 10, 78, 105, 114, 122, 127-8,
     245-6                                         197, 215-16, 228; vitamins and
National Institute for Clinical Excellence         supplements 197-200
     (NICE) (UK) 56                           Robert Gordon University 157
National Institute of Health (US) 115, 235    Rohan, Professor 83, 85
National School Fruit Scheme (UK) 238         Rowett Research Institute of Animal
Natural Environment Research Council               Health, Aberdeen 91
     (UK)4                                    Royal College of Physicians 192
New England Journal of Medicine 248           Royal Commission on Environmental
NIH (National Institutes of Health) (US)           Pollution's Report 24
  Workshop on Selective Receptor                 'Chemicals in products: safeguarding the
    Modulators (SRMS) 56                           environment and human health' 223
Nixon, Richard 6-7                            Royal Marsden Hospital 235
'Not in the Genes' (Horrobin) 4               Royal Society 2, 110
Nung, Emperor Shen 141-2                      Royal Society of Medicine 82

osteoporosis x, 15, 52, 134                   Save Yourself From Breast Cancer
oncologist 37, 39, 57                              (Kradjian) ix, 128, 234
Oransky, Dr Ivan 249                          scanning see diagnosis
Organic Gardening and Fanning (Rodale)        science:
    160                                         approach to cancer 5-6; natural scientist
ovarian cancer 106, 114                           approach to 2-3, 8-9, 89-91;
                                                                               INDEX      291


     reductionist 4-5, 6, 7, 9-10;                   positive thinking 206; prostatectomy
     systems-based approach 4                        19, 21, 42, 62; psychotherapy 209;
Science 116                                          questions before agreeing to 38-40;
screening see diagnosis                              radioisotope 57; radiotherapy 6, 12,
self-examination see diagnosis                       37, 39, 41, 44-50, 57-9, 60, 63, 78, 154,
Seniors Coalition 247                                155, 157, 168, 169; relaxation 209-10;
Seton Medical Centre, California ix                  risks 42; side effects 12, 37, 47-8, 52,
sexual potency and activity 29, 205, 209,            53; surgery 6, 12, 19,41,42-4, 58, 143,
     229-30                                          155; tai chi 209; three-dimensional
Shurtleff, William 145                               conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT)
Side Effects of Drugs Annual 244                     45; transurethral prostatectomy
Silent Spring (Carson) 235, 254                      (YURP) 19, 21, 42; visualisation 211,
60s Plus Association 247                             254; yoga 254-5 see also drugs
skin cancer 8, 105, 199                         tributyl tin (TBT) 223-4
SMA Nutrition 233                               Tutu, Desmond x
Smith, Richard 239, 241-2
Snow, Dr John 7-8                               Understanding, Preventing and Overcoming
Society for Women's Health Research (US)            Osteoporosis (plant/Tidey) x, 15, 103,
     246-7                                          133
Soil Association 160, 161, 168, 189, 236,       United Nations Environment Programme
     237,253                                        (UNEP) 223
Stanford University 115                         United Seniors Association 247
Stuttaford, Dr Thomas 25, 36-7                  United States Geological Survey 221
Sumpter, Professor John 225                     University of Michigan Health System
Sunday TImes 148, 232, 236                          Comprehensive Cancer Center 94
                                                University of Pennsylvania 123
Time-Concepts LLC 244                           US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Toop, Professor Les 245                             56, 122, 155, 175, 244
treatments and therapies 6, 12                  US News & World Report 7
  acupuncture 13, 50; anti-androgen 52,
     53, 124; aromatherapy 226; Ayurvedic       Vegan Society 190
    medicine 59, 61; Brachytherapy
     (internal radiation therapy) 47, 64;       Wattenberg, Lee 152
     chemotherapy 6, 12, 37, 39, 41, 48-9,      Waxman, Professor Jonathan 11, 21, 38,
    50-1, 53-6, 57, 59, 60, 87, 91, 107, 131,       41, 43-4, 47-8, 52, 74, 240
     143, 154, 155, 206, 226; cognitive         Wegener, Alfred 90
     therapy 209-10; complementary              "Which? 237-8
     therapies 59-60; coping with 12, 58-9;     WHO (World Health Organization) 7, 59,
    counselling 210; cryosurgery 65;                60, 93, 95, 96, 97, 135, 174, 203, 234
     electroacupuncture (EAP) 50;               Wild Swans (Chang) 207
     exercise 10, 209, 229; external-beam       Women's Health Initiative (US) 247
    radiotherapy 45; gonadotrophin-             World Health Assembly 233
    releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists
     52-3; herbal medicine 19, 59-62;           X-rays 44, 78, 157, 168, 169
    high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy
    47; hormone treatment 37, 39, 41,           You Can Heal Your Life (Hay) 207
    51-3, 69, 79-86; hypnotherapy 60,           Your Life in Your Hands (plant)vii-vili,
    209, 214, 254; intensity-modulated              1-2, 6, 15, 63, 95, 102, 121, 122, 127,
    radiotherapy (IMRT) 46; laser therapy           134, 147, 205, 231, 234, 236, 247, 250,
    20, 21; new 56-8; oestrogen therapy             255
    52; options 37,39-40; orchiectomy 51;       Yu, Professor 83, 85