This Constitutional revision in 1913 authorized a federal income tax.
11 16th Amendment
This Constitutional change in 1913 established the direct popular election of U.S.
senators.
11 17th Amendment
Ch. Person or Term Notes
Prohibited the manufacture and sale of liquor, 1919.
11 18th Amendment
The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote
to women in federal or state elections.
11 19th Amendment
Anthony saw the need for thorough organization if the women's rights movement
was to become effective in a male-dominated society. She campaigned for
Anthony, Susan women's right to vote, own property, attend college, and enter the professions.
11
B.
Nickname of the Progressive Party.
11 Bull Moose Party
Women suffragist and founder and president of the International Woman Suffrage
Association, serving from 1904 to 1923 and until her death as honorary president.
Catt, Carrie
11
Chapman
Nonviolent refusal to obey a law in an effort to change that law.
Civil
11
disobedience
The 1914 Clayton Antitrust Act strengthened existing antitrust laws. It outlawed
interlocking directorates, exempted labor unions from antitrust laws, and limited
Clayton Anti-Trust the use of injunctions in labor disputes.
11
Act
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 gave the United States a central banking system
governed by a Federal Reserve Board, which controlled the rediscount rate and
Federal Reserve thus the money supply.
11
System
Companies that hold a majority of another company’s stock in order to control the
management of that company.
Holding
11
companies
Hughes, a progressive Republican, was that party's presidential nominee in 1916.
Later, he was a secretary of state and chief justice of the Supreme Court.
Hughes, Charles
11
Evans
Ch. Person or Term Notes
An initiative is defined as the procedure by which citizens can introduce a subject
for legislation, usually through a petition signed by a specific number of voters.
11 Initiative
Organizer for women and child labor movements, 1800s-1900s.
Jones, Mary
11
Harris "Mother"
Socialist journalist Upton Sinclair's novel "The Jungle" was a devastating exposé
of Chicago's slaughterhouses. Its publication and popularity helped President
Jungle, The Roosevelt pressure Congress into enacting meat-inspection and pure-food and
11
(Sinclair) drug legislation.
Advocate for improving lives of women and children, late 1800s.
11 Kelley, Florence
As industrialization increased in the United States following the Civil War, the
rights of laborers were undermined by the emphasis of employers to increase
Labor Unions, production and profits. Workers unionized to effect change.
11
growth of
A significant third party active during the 1920s was the Progressive Party, led by
Robert LaFollette. He favored the breakup of corporate monopolies and trusts,
public control of the nation's resources, farm relief, and reduced income taxes.
11 LaFollette, Robert
Muckrakers were progressive investigative journalists who exposed the seamy
side of American life at the turn of the twentieth century. They were named by
President Roosevelt who disapproved of their "raking in the muck."
11 Muckraker
In the 1918 Supreme Court case "Muller v. Oregon," Louis Brandeis, lawyer for
the Consumers' League, prepared a brief stuffed with economic and sociological
evidence showing that long working hours were dangerous to the health of
11 Muller v. Oregon women and society.
Head of the U.S. Forestry Service under Theodore Roosevelt.
11 Pinchot, Gifford
The period of the twentieth century before World War I, the Progressive Era saw
many groups seeking to reshape the nation's government and society in response
to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization.
11 Progressive Era
Ch. Person or Term Notes
The term recall refers to the process of removing an official from office by
popular vote, usually after using petitions to call for such a vote.
11 Recall
A referendum is the submission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct
popular vote for approval or rejection.
11 Referendum
Progressive reforms sponsored by Theodore Roosevelt’s administration.
11 Square Deal
Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized the Seneca Falls Convention for women's
rights in 1848. She campaigned for women's right to vote, own property, attend
Stanton, Elizabeth college, and enter the professions.
11
Cady
Muckraker who wrote several articles concerning the corruption of politics. His
work was found in various publications throughout the U.S.
11 Steffens, Lincoln
Suffrage is the right to vote in a political election.
11 Suffrage
Twenty-seventh President of the United States, 1909-1913; continued
Progressive reforms of President Theodore Roosevelt; promoted "dollar
diplomacy' to expand foreign investments.
11 Taft, William H.
The anti-union Taft-Hartley Act (1947) outlawed the closed shop and secondary
boycotts. It also authorized the president to seek injunctions to prevent strikes that
posed a threat to national security.
11 Taft-Hartley Act
Third parties offer a voice to those seeking to reform the dominant two-party
system of government in the United States. They reflect an interest in change and
often contribute new political ideas.
11 Third Parties
1913-1921, Virginia, Democrat, Underwood Tariff of 1913, Federal
Reserve System, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act,
11 Wilson, Woodrow Mexican Revolution, Remarried in the White House in 1915, Pushed for
neutrality during World War I, Selective Service Act, World War I, Treaty
of Versailles, Fourteen Points, League of Nations
Ch. Person or Term Notes
In 1914 World War I began in Europe, triggered when a Serb assassinated the
heir to the Austria-Hungary throne. President Woodrow Wilson declared
neutrality but both the Central Powers and the Allies sought U.S. support.
12 1914-1918 German U-boats (submarines) sank the Lusitania.
The Allies were Britain, France, Russia, Italy and other belligerent nations
fighting against the Central Powers in World War I, but not including the United
States.
12 Allies
The first members of the AEF, American troops who served in Europe in World
American War I, arrived in Paris in July 1917. They were under the command of General
John J. Pershing, who insisted that they fight as independent units and not be
12 Expeditionary integrated into British and French (Allied) forces.
Force
The last major offensive of World War I under General Pershing where 1/10 of
all U.S. troops died over a period of 42 days due to rough terrain, heavy machine
gun fire, and inadequate training.
12 Argonne Forest
A cease-fire or truce.
12 Armistice
Ruler with unlimited power.
12 Autocrat
Established the American Red Cross, 1881
12 Barton, Clara
The Central Powers refers to Germany and its World War I allies Austria, Turkey,
and Bulgaria.
12 Central Powers
Clemenceau, premier of France in 1919, represented his nation's interests as part
of the "Big Four" at the Versailles peace conference. French security and the
Clemenceau, crippling of Germany were his primary focus, and he was cynical toward
12
Georges President Wilson's "peace without victory."
Communism is a social structure based on the common ownership of property.
12 Communism
Ch. Person or Term Notes
Group of unarmed ships surrounded by a ring of armed naval vessels.
12 Convoy system
Muckraker and head of the Committee on Public Information during World War
I.
12 Creel, George
D-Day was June 6, 1944, the day Allied troops crossed the English Channel and
opened a second front in Western Europe. The "D" stands for "disembarkation"--
to leave a ship and go ashore. D-Day saw the first paratroop drops and
12 D-Day amphibious landings on the coast of Normandy.
United States federal law passed shortly after entering World War I, on June 15,
1917, which made it a crime for a person to convey information with intent to
interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or
Espionage and to promote the success of its enemies. The Sedition Act forbade Americans to
12 use "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States
Sedition Acts
government, flag, or armed forces during war. The act also allowed the
Postmaster General to deny mail delivery to dissenters of government policy
during wartime.
Ford was the person most responsible for the growth of the American automobile
industry. His key insights were to lower the price of cars to make them available
to a mass market, and to pay good wages to get high production from his
12 Ford, Henry employees.
Heir to Austrian throne; assassinated in Bosnia leading to the alignment of
Francis opposing world powers.
12 Ferdinand,
Archduke
Destruction of a racial or ethnic group
12 Genocide
The Great Migration was the mass movement of Puritans to Massachusetts Bay
colony that began in 1630 and continued into the 1640s. Economic depression
and religious persecution in England provoked the migration.
12 Great Migration
Twenty-ninth President of the United States, 1921-1923; presided over a short
administration marked by corruption.
Harding, Warren
12
G.
Imperialism is the policy and practice of exploiting nations and peoples for the
benefit of an imperial power either directly through military occupation and
colonial rule or indirectly through economic domination of resources and
12 Imperialism markets.
Ch. Person or Term Notes
"Isolationism" is the label given to America's nineteenth-century foreign policy. It
was based on President Washington's warning not to form alliances or become
politically entangled with European nations in peacetime, and was announced as
12 Isolationism policy in the Monroe Doctrine of 1823.
The League of Nations was President Wilson's fourteenth point in his plan for a
"peace without victory." He proposed the League as an international
peacekeeping organization, and it was incorporated into the 1919 Treaty of
12 League of Nations Versailles that ended World War I.
In May 1915, the British passenger ship "Lusitania" was sunk by a German submarine off
the coast of Ireland. One hundred twenty-eight Americans were among the dead. President
Wilson demanded Germany pay an indemnity to victims' families and promise to stop
12 Lusitania unrestricted submarine warfare.
Development of armed forces and their use as tools of diplomacy.
12 Militarism
Colonists developed a sense of national unity because unity offered the only hope
of winning the Revolutionary War. Unlike most modern revolutions, for
Americans the desire for independence antedated any intense national feeling.
12 Nationalism
General "Black Jack" Pershing was the commander of the American
Expeditionary Force (AEF), U.S. troops who served in Europe in World War I.
He had earlier served in the Spanish-American War, the Philippine insurrection,
12 Pershing, John J. and had commanded the military excursion into Mexico in 1916.
Stirring up rebellion.
12 Sedition
This law established the military draft for World War I.
Selective Service
12
Act
The treaty written by allied leaders that ended World War I and created the
League of Nations and charged Germany with the responsibility for the war and
Treaty of ordered reparations be paid to the allied nations.
12
Versailles
Dugout trenches that allowed close engagement between opposing armies over a
small piece of ground.
12 Trench Warfare
Ch. Person or Term Notes
German submarines used to attack the Allies cargo and naval ships in the
Atlantic.
12 U-boats
Knowing they were no match for the British fleet on the surface of the sea,
Unrestrictive Germany turned to submarines (U-boats) to threaten British shipping. The
Germans' use of unrestricted submarine warfare was a major cause of U.S.
12 submarine intervention in World War I.
warfare
This treaty ended World War I and created the League of Nations.
Versailles, Treaty
12
of 1919
This federal agency reorganized industry for maximum efficiency and
productivity during World War I.
War Industries
12
Board
In January 1918, President Wilson outlined a peace plan with fourteen points,
including no secret diplomacy, freedom of the seas, free trade, arms reduction,
Wilson's Fourteen noncolonization, and national self-determination.
12
Points
World War I was a global conflict which began in 1914 and continued into 1918.
Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, and Russia) defeated the Central Powers
World War I, 1914- (Germany and Austria-Hungary).
12
1920