HYDROGEN_ECONOMY
A presentation by:
CHIP YOUNG
MAIKEL FERNANDEZ
FRED NGUYENLOC
BRIAN TOOLE
FEASIBILITY
TECHNOLOGY
INFRASTRUCTURE
WHY
HYDROGEN?
Ways to produce Hydrogen:
Steam Methane Reforming (SMR).
Ethane and Naphtha
Noncatalytic Partial Oxidation Hydrogen
diesel fuel and residual oil
Coal Gasification
Coal
Biomass Gasification
Direct Gasification
Indirect Gasification
Cont..
Biomass Pyrolysis
Biomass thermally decomposed
Electrolysis
Electricity
Photochemical
Semiconductor surface
Soluble metal complexes
Photobiological
Algae
TECHNOLOGY
Primary Use – Fuel
Talk of the Town: Automobiles
Two Methods of Using Hydrogen
1. Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine
2. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Engine
AUTOMOBILES
Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine
Hydrogen wide range of combustion
Lean mixtures
Problem: Pre-Ignition
Solution: Direct Injection or Hydrogen Valves
integrated into the Intake Manifold
Difference Between HICE and GICE
Problem with Power Output: Ford Results
AUTOMOBILE
AUTOMOBILES
Fuel Cell Engine
Fuel Cell Module
Proton Exchange Membrane
HYDROGEN AS A FUEL
Other Fields include:
Rockets
Airplanes
Naval – Submarine, Boats
Home
Methods to Replace Dependency of Gasoline
U.S.N.O. Time Clock
Infrastructure
Most Abundant Element
Electrolysis- Highly Promising
-Set Back- Enormous
Electricity Consumption
-Possible Solution Wind Turbine Generators that can produce 300
kilowatts an hour.
-Aleutian Islands - Wind Turbine Generators
Infrastructure
Centralized Approach for Distribution
-Pipeline
-Tanker
Using Several Retail Fueling Stations
Other Devices
Arnold Schwarzenegger Filling up at a Hydrogen Pump
Infrastructure
Storage
-Metal Hydrides
-Tanks
A Metal Hydride Tank
Struggle for co-operation
Shell Oil and GM (HydroGen3)
BMW and Germany’s Transport
Energy Strategy
SEX APPEAL
2000 BMW 750hL
Bi-valent engine
140L hydrogen tank and petrol
tank (ranges of 186 to 560 miles)
Production run of 15, totaling over
106,000 miles traveled by 2004
BMW’s long hydrogen heritage.
Safety: Gasoline vs. Hydrogen
•1/16th inch puncture in gasoline fuel line
•Leaking hydrogen connector
0 seconds 3 seconds 30 seconds
1 minute, 30 seconds 2 minutes, 20 seconds
In conclusion, fossil fuel burning’s detrimental effects:
• Air pollution (smog, acid rain)
• Oil spills (shore line and sea life destruction)
• Soil pollution leading to contamination of drinking water
• Global warming leading to disrupted weather patterns: the most
devastating hurricane season on record along the Gulf Coast
• Widening hole in the ozone layer over the South Pole and thinning of
the entire ozone layer
"We're terrible animals. I think that the
Earth's immune system is trying to get
rid of us, as well it should.
Kurt Vonnegut – On Humans, in an appearance on The Daily
Show (September 2005)