From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic group practice, a model that is now standard in the Unit-
ed States. The current-day Mayo Clinic is an integrated
practice of more than 3,700 physicians and scientists, and
a total employment including nurses, students, and allied
health staff of more than 56,000 persons.[4]
History
Type Non-profit organization
Industry Health care
Founded Rochester, Minnesota, United States (1889)
Founder(s) William Worrall Mayo
William James Mayo
Charles Horace Mayo
Augustus Stinchfield
Christopher Graham
Henry Stanley Plummer
Melvin Millet
E. Star Judd
Donald Balfour
Headquarters Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Area served North America
Website mayoclinic.org
References: More [1] William Worrall Mayo, the founding father of what would be-
come the Mayo Clinic.
Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit medical practice and med-
ical research group specializing in treating difficult pa- Early Years
tients (tertiary care). Patients are referred to Mayo Clinic In 1863, William Worrall Mayo (1819–1911) came to
from across the U.S. and the world, and it is known for in- Rochester, Minnesota as part of his appointment as an
novative and effective treatments. Mayo Clinic is known examining surgeon for the military draft board during
for being at the top of most accredited quality standard the Civil War. The city would be to his liking, and his wife
listings. For example, it has been near the top of the US and children would join him in early 1864. W.W. Mayo
News and World Report List of Best Hospitals for more opened his medical practice after the war, and would also
than 20 years.[1] The practice is distinguished by inte- serve in several leadership roles in the community. Both
grated care, and a strong research presence is evidenced of W.W. Mayo’s sons, William James Mayo (1861–1939)
by the fact that over 40% of its resources are devoted to- and Charles Horace Mayo (1865–1939) would grow up in
wards research (rather than just medical practice). Rochester, and when old enough both attended medical
Mayo Clinic has been on the list of America’s "100 school. William (Will) graduated in 1883 and joined his
Best Companies to Work For" published by Fortune maga- father’s practice, with Charles (Charlie) joining after he
zine for eight years in a row.[2][3] From its humble begin- completed his training in 1888.
nings as a family venture between a father and his two On August 21, 1883, a tornado struck Rochester, caus-
sons, the practice later became America’s first integrated ing at least 37 deaths in the area and over 200 injuries.[5]
1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mayo Clinic
members of the group included Mayo brothers Will and
Charlie, Dr. Stinchfield, Dr. Graham, Dr. Henry Plummer,
Dr. Millet, Dr. Judd, and Dr. Balfour. These early partners
shared in the profits of the private group practice, while
other staff hired by the partners were salaried. W.W.
Mayo died in 1911, but the group practice continued
strong with an ever increasing presence nationally as a
cutting edge center, particularly in the area of surgery.
In 1919, the group partners created the Mayo Properties
Association, and their private practice became a not-for-
profit entity. The Mayo Brothers, who had retained own-
ership of all Clinic properties and furnishings, gave
everything to this newly formed association. The inte-
grated practice model of the original partners created a
foundation for what would grow into the Mayo Clinic.
Growth and Current Practice
The Group Practice continued steady growth throughout
the 20th Century. The campus continued to grow to keep
up with patient numbers and an increasing research fo-
cus of the Clinic’s operations. In 1928, the Plummer Build-
ing was completed with considerable input from Clinic
staff, and under the guidance of Dr. Henry Plummer (de-
signed by John William Dawson and Ray Corwin from the
Bronze statue of the Mayo brothers, "Dr. Charlie" (left) and architectural firm of Ellerbe & Round). At the time of its
"Dr. Will" (right), in front of the Mayo Clinic Gonda Building in completion, it was the tallest building in Minnesota and
Rochester, Minnesota remained so until the Foshay Tower was built finished in
Minneapolis in 1929. It was added to the National Regis-
One-third of the town was destroyed, but the Mayo fami- ter of Historic Places in 1969, and has recently undergone
ly escaped serious harm. The relief efforts began immedi- a complete restoration of its bell tower. The Ellerbe firm
ately with a temporary hospital being established at the is the architect of record for the 1914 Mayo "Red" build-
city dance hall, and the doctors Mayo (W.W. and Will) ing, the 1922 Mayo Institute of Experimental Medicine,
were extensively involved in treating the injured who the 1927 Plummer building (completed in 1928), the 1954
were brought there for help. Mother Alfred Moes and the Mayo Clinic building, and the 2002 Gonda building. The
Sisters of Saint Francis (a teaching order) were called in historic 1914 "Red" Mayo Clinic building, a National
to act as nurses despite having been trained as teachers Landmark listed on the National Register, was demol-
and with little if any medical experience. ished by the Clinic in the 1980s to make way for the HGA
After the crisis had subsided, Mother Alfred Moes ap- designed Siebens building. Since 1986, the Mayo Clinic
proached W.W. Mayo about establishing a hospital in campus has formally included the Rochester Methodist
Rochester if he agreed to staff the hospital. On September Hospital and Saint Marys Hospital, as all operations were
30, 1889, the dream became reality as Saint Marys Hospi- integrated under one governing board to more efficient-
tal opened its doors. Dr. W.W. Mayo (who by this time ly serve the needs of Mayo patients.[6]
was 70 years of age) became the consulting physician and
surgeon at the hospital, and his two sons began seeing
patients and performing surgeries with the assistance of
Locations
the Sisters of Saint Francis.[6] Mayo Clinic has a large presence in three U.S. metropol-
itan areas including Rochester, Minnesota, Jacksonville,
Group Practice Florida, and Scottsdale/Phoenix, Arizona. The Clinic em-
ploys more than 32,000 people at the main campus in
In 1892, Dr. Augustus Stinchfield was asked to join the
Rochester, Minnesota.[4] The Arizona and Florida sites
practice by W.W. Mayo, who considered him to be the
employ approximately 5,000 persons at each site. In addi-
best doctor in the small towns surrounding Rochester.
tion, the Mayo Clinic owns and operates the Mayo Clinic
After Dr. Stinchfield joined the practice, W.W. Mayo re-
Health System, which consists of more than 70 hospitals
tired at the age of 73. The group practice would continue
and clinics across Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin with
to grow, eventually adding other physicians considered
an employment of 14,000 persons. Mayo Clinic also oper-
today as the "founders" of the Mayo Clinic. The earliest
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mayo Clinic
termined by the marketplace salaries for physicians in
comparable large group practices.
Research
Mayo Clinic researchers contribute to the understanding
of disease processes, best clinical practices, and transla-
tion of findings from the laboratory to the clinical prac-
tice. Nearly 400 doctoral level physicians and research
scientists are employed, with an additional 2,800 allied
health personnel and students with appointments in re-
search.[4] In 2010, more than 2,300 research protocols
were reviewed by the Mayo Clinic Institutional review
board and 8,000 ongoing human research studies. These
research initiatives led to more than 5,000 research pub-
lications and review articles in peer-review journals. [4]
Education
Drs. William and Charles Mayo were proponents of edu-
cation since very early in the history of Mayo Clinic. In
1917, they helped found and develop the medical school
at the University of Minnesota with a two million dollar
donation. Until the early 1970s, consulting physicians at
Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota held join appoint-
ments as professors at the University of Minnesota med-
The Plummer Building in Rochester, Minnesota. ical school. The Mayo Clinic was a pioneer in helping
to establish the current residency education system. In
ates several colleges of medicine, including Mayo Medical 1972, Mayo Clinic opened the doors of its own medical
School, the Mayo Graduate School, and the Mayo School school (Mayo Medical School) in Rochester.[7]
of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo School of Health
Sciences.
Innovation
Dr. Henry Stanley Plummer became a partner in the Clin-
Core values ic practice in 1901. He is considered by many American
As is evidenced by the Mayo Clinic logo, the institution physicians to be the "architect of the modern medical
has a three part focus. First and primary to the organiza- practice" and a primary reason for Mayo Clinic’s early
tion is the patient care practice, represented by the cen- success. He designed many of the systems which are now
tral shield. This is in accordance with the primary state- universally used around the world today, such as a
ment of the organization that "the needs of the patient shared, individual dossier-style medical record and an in-
always come first." The other two shields represent the terconnecting telephone system. While the Mayo broth-
ares of education and research, two areas of Mayo Clinic ers excelled as surgeons, Dr. Plummer is largely credited
which have become more prominent over time. with establishing and developing the diagnostic and clin-
ical aspects of the practice. Dr. Louis B. Wilson was hired
Patient care by the Clinic in 1907—at Dr. Henry Plummer’s urging—to
Each year, more than one million patients from all 50 establish research and diagnostic laboratories.
states and from more than 150 countries are seen at one Since about the year 2000, Mayo Clinic has also be-
of the Mayo Clinic facilities.[4] Mayo Clinic offers highly come known for achieving high quality at low cost. One
specialistic medical care, and a large portion of the pa- extensive study found that the cost paid by insurers to
tient population is referrals from smaller clinics and hos- treat Medicare patients in their last three years of life
pitals from across the upper Midwest and the United (the most expensive years) was only 54% of comparable
States as a whole. Mayo Clinic physicians are paid a fixed costs in nearby clinics and hospitals. Mayo Clinic has
salary that is not linked to patient volume (relative value been researched and presented many times during the
units) or income from fee-for-service payments. This passing of the 2009 healthcare reform bills in US
practice is thought to decrease the monetary motivation Congress as a model to reduce healthcare costs while in-
to see patients in large numbers and increase the incen- creasing quality for the nation. However, Mayo Clinic is-
tive to spend more time with individuals. Salaries are de- sued an open letter stating the healthcare reform bills as
3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mayo Clinic
Ranked 1st Ranked 2nd Ranked 3rd or 4th Ranked 5th or lower
Diabetes and endocrine disor- Orthopedics Urology (3rd) Geriatric care (6th)
ders
Gynecology Pulmonology Hematology-oncology Rehabilitation (6th)
(4th)
Gastroenterology Heart and heart surgery Rheumatology (4th) Psychiatry (9th)
Kidney disorders Neurology and neuro- Ear, nose and throat (4th) Ophthalmology
surgery (13th)
written in July 2009 would not reduce costs or increase
quality nationwide.[8] U.S. News & World Report – Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 2011
The Biomedical Imaging Resource (BIR) at Mayo Clin- Rankings by Medical Specialty
ic is dedicated to the advancement of research in the
biomedical imaging and visualization sciences. The BIR
provides expertise and advanced technology related to
Additional images
these fields, including image acquisition, processing, dis-
play and analysis; volume visualization; computer graph-
ics; virtual reality and virtual environments; image data-
bases; computer workstations, networks and program-
ming. The BIR group developed the biomedical imaging
software Analyze.
Leadership
Mayo Clinic is led by President and CEO John Nosewor-
thy, M.D. In 2007, annual revenue at Mayo Clinic grew 10
percent, to $6.9 billion.[9] In May 2009, it was announced
that when previous CEO Denis Cortese retires in Novem-
ber 2009, Dr. John Noseworthy was to be named the new • Gonda building from cafeteria.
President and CEO.[10]
After his retirement from Mayo in November 2009,
Dr. Cortese became director of the Health Care Delivery
and Policy Program at Arizona State University (ASU),
Foundation Professor at ASU, and President of the
Healthcare Transformation Institute. On July 29, 2010,
EGHC, parent company of Essence Healthcare and other
subsidiaries, announced that Dr. Cortese would join its
Board of Directors.[11]
Rankings
In 2011, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, was ranked as the #3
overall hospital in the United States by U.S. News &
World Report. A total of 4,825 hospitals were considered
and ranked in 16 specialties from cancer and heart dis-
ease to respiratory disorders and urology; 140, or less
than 3 percent of the total, were ranked in even one of
the 16 specialties. Of the 140 hospitals that are ranked in
one or more specialties, 17 qualified for the Honor Roll by
earning high scores in at least six specialties. Mayo Clin-
ic, Rochester, was ranked in the top 10 in all but one of 16
specialties, in the top 5 in 12 specialties, and was the #1
ranked hospital in four specialties.[12] • Gonda building from 3rd Avenue SW.
4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mayo Clinic
The Opus Imaging Research Building.
• Inside the Gonda building looking south toward the
Mayo building.
• Mayo Brothers U.S. Commemorative Stamp issued
1964
• The Plummer building.
• The Guggenheim Building in Rochester, MN.
•
5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Mayo Clinic
Bibliography [5] "The Rochester, MN Tornado of 1883". NOAA.
http://www.crh.noaa.gov/arx/events/
• Clapesattle, Helen. The Doctors Mayo (University of rst_tor1883.php. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
Minnesota Press, 1941; later editions are abridged). [6] ^ "History of Saint Marys Hospital". Mayo Clinic.
• Fye, W. Bruce "The Origins and Evolution of the http://www.mayoclinic.org/saintmaryshospital/
Mayo Clinic from 1864 to 1939: A Minnesota Family smhhistory.html. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
Practice Becomes an International ’Medical Mecca’", [7] "Mayo History". http://www.mayoclinic.org/
Bulletin of the History of Medicine Volume 84, Number tradition-heritage/mms.html.
3, Fall 2010 pp. 323–357 in Project MUSE [8] McGreal, Chris (2009-07-21). "Obama launches
campaign urging Congress to pass healthcare
See also reform". The Guardian (London).
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jul/21/
• Mayo Medical School obama-healthcare-reform-republicans. Retrieved
• Mayo Clinic Diet 2010-05-12.
• SPARC Innovation Program [9] May Yee, Chen (2008-03-17). "Mayo Clinic reports
• American Legacy Foundation 2007 revenue grew 10%". Star Tribune.
• Medical centers in the United States http://www.startribune.com/business/
• Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation 16684991.html. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
• Mayo Clinic Center for Innovation [10] "Noseworthy Named New Mayo Clinic CEO.".
Minneapolis-St. Paul Business Journal. May 2009.
References http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/
2009/05/04/daily43.html. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
[1] "Top American Hospitals – US News Best [11] "Mayo Clinic President and CEO Emeritus to Join
Hospitals". Health.usnews.com. EGHC Board". Business Wire. 2010-07-29.
http://health.usnews.com/health/best-hospitals. http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/
Retrieved 2010-09-04. permalink/
[2] "100 Best Companies to Work For 2011: Mayo ?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20100729005006&newsLang=en
Clinic". Fortune magazine. February 7, 2011. Retrieved 2010-09-04.
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/ [12] "America’s Best Hospitals: the 2010–11 Honor Roll".
bestcompanies/2011/snapshots/61.html. Retrieved http://health.usnews.com/best-hospitals/mayo-
20 January 2011. clinic-5000000.
[3] Mayo Clinic (January 20, 2011). "Mayo Clinic named
on of FORTURE’s "100 Best Companies to Work For"
for Eighth Consecutive Year". Mayo Foundation for External links
Medical Education and Research. • Official site of Mayo Clinic
http://www.mayoclinic.org/news2011-rst/ • Official site of Mayo Clinic Health System
6150.html?rss-feedid=1. Retrieved 20 January 2011. • Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
[4] ^ http://www.mayoclinic.org/about/facts.html Coordinates: 44°01′20″N 92°28′00″W / 44.0222°N
(accessed on October 16, 2011). 92.4666°W / 44.0222; -92.4666
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mayo_Clinic&oldid=464179748"
Categories:
• Hospitals in Minnesota
• Rochester, Minnesota
• Non-profit organizations based in Minnesota
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