PEHNSA
Performance Engineering Competition
Rules
Version 1.01
Prepared by Cliff Edge Consulting, LLC
[18 October 2011]
The Performance Engineering Competition rules are defined in this document. The Competition
purpose, objectives and approach are presented. Competition governance and execution are described.
Rules for designing and constructing an energy efficient, high-performance concept vehicle with clean
emissions to compete in the Competition are presented.
Performance Engineering Competition Rules
Table of Contents
DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION 7
SECTION 01.00.00 COMPETITION ORGANIZATION 8
Section 01.01.00 Competition Purpose 8
Section 01.02.00 Competition Objectives 8
Section 01.03.00 Competition Approach 8
Section 01.03.01 Vehicle Design Objectives 10
Section 01.03.02 Competitor Type 11
Section 01.03.03 Vehicle Type 11
Section 01.03.04 Propulsion Types 12
Section 01.03.05 Energy Sources 12
Section 01.03.06 Energy Use Measurement 13
Section 01.03.07 Vehicle Class 13
Section 01.03.08 Official Notices and Information 13
Section 01.03.09 Official Language 13
Section 01.04.00 Competition Governance 14
Section 01.04.01 Steering Committee 14
Section 01.04.02 Rules Committee 15
Section 01.04.03 Organizer 15
Section 01.05.00 Competition Regulation 16
Section 01.05.01 Rules Questions 17
Section 01.05.02 Regulation 17
SECTION 02.00.00 ANNUAL ACTIVITY 20
Section 02.01.00 Annual Support 20
Section 02.01.01 Competition Website 20
Section 02.01.02 Annual Schedule 20
Section 02.02.00 Competitor Pre-Registration 20
Section 02.03.00 Competition Preparation 22
Section 02.03.01 Technical Inspection Documents 22
Section 02.03.02 Design Documents 23
Section 02.03.03 Competition Program Submission 25
SECTION 03.00.00 COMPETITION ACTIVITY 26
Section 03.01.00 Competition Overall Operation 26
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Section 03.01.01 Competition Headquarters 26
Section 03.01.02 Competition Logistics and Support 26
Section 03.01.03 Competition Schedules 26
Section 03.01.04 Competition Area Access 27
Section 03.01.05 Competition Control and Safety Rules 28
Section 03.01.06 Competition Insurance 29
Section 03.01.07 Shipping 29
Section 03.01.08 Questions, Challenges and Protests 29
Section 03.02.00 Competition Registration 30
Section 03.02.01 Basic Registration 30
Section 03.02.02 Competitor and Vehicle Registration 30
Section 03.03.00 Technical Inspection 31
Section 03.03.01 Technical Inspection Procedure 32
Section 03.03.02 Technical Inspection Requirements 35
Section 03.04.00 Design Judging 35
Section 03.04.01 Design Judging Procedure 36
Section 03.04.02 Design Judging Requirements and Definitions 37
Section 03.04.03 Variable Design Judging Format 39
Section 03.05.00 Business Communication Judging 39
Section 03.05.01 Business Communication Judging Procedure 40
Section 03.05.02 Business Communication Judging Requirements 41
Section 03.06.00 Energy Invitational 42
Section 03.06.01 Course Physical Layout 42
Section 03.06.02 Course Operation 44
Section 03.06.03 Practice 50
Section 03.06.04 Qualifying 50
Section 03.06.05 Track Trials 51
Section 03.07.00 Competition Scoring 52
Section 03.08.00 Awards Ceremony 53
SECTION 04.00.00 SCORING PROCEDURES AND FORMULAS 54
Section 04.01.00 Fueling Convenience Score 54
Section 04.01.01 Fueling Convenience Scoring Procedure 54
Section 04.01.02 Fueling Convenience Scoring Formula 54
Section 04.02.00 Emission Cleanliness Score 55
Section 04.02.01 Emission Cleanliness Scoring Procedure 55
Section 04.02.02 Emission Cleanliness Scoring Formula 55
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Section 04.03.00 Design Score 55
Section 04.03.01 Design Scoring Procedure 56
Section 04.03.02 Design Scoring Formulas 56
Section 04.04.00 Business Communication Score 57
Section 04.04.01 Business Communication Scoring Procedure 57
Section 04.04.02 Business Communication Scoring Formula 57
Section 04.05.00 Energy Use Economy Score 57
Section 04.05.01 Energy Use Economy Scoring Procedure 57
Section 04.05.02 Energy Use Economy Score Calculation 58
Section 04.06.00 Distance Score 59
Section 04.06.01 Distance Scoring Procedure 59
Section 04.06.02 Distance Score Calculation 59
SECTION 05.00.00 NON-COMMERCIAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 62
Section 05.01.00 Chassis 67
Section 05.01.01 Frame 67
Section 05.01.02 Suspension 68
Section 05.01.03 Wheels 68
Section 05.01.04 Steering 69
Section 05.02.00 Power Train 72
Section 05.02.01 Propulsion 72
Section 05.02.02 Brakes 75
Section 05.02.03 Regeneration 76
Section 05.02.04 Energy Source 84
Section 05.02.05 Thermal Management 88
Section 05.02.06 Utilities 88
Section 05.03.00 Body 92
Section 05.03.01 Interior 92
Section 05.03.02 Occupant Safety Equipment and Attire 100
Section 05.03.03 Exterior 101
Section 05.03.04 Aerodynamics 105
APPENDIX A: COURSE WORKER ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION 107
Event Officials 108
Event Chair 108
Chief Steward 108
Safety Steward 108
Chief Driving Instructor 109
Chief Technical and Safety Inspector 109
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Chief Starter 109
Chief of Timing 110
Sound Control Chief 110
Flagging and Communications 110
General Organization 110
Central Control Station 110
Corner Stations 111
Emergency Services 111
Purpose 111
Emergency Services Personnel and Equipment 111
Emergency Services Operating Rules 113
APPENDIX B: FORCED IDLE GATE ILLUSTRATION 114
APPENDIX C: SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENT 116
1. Sound Level Monitoring 117
1.1 Procedural Rules 117
1.2 Sound Level Standards 117
APPENDIX D: CONCEPT CAR SPACE FRAME AND FRAMELESS REQUIREMENTS 118
Overview 119
1 Space Frames 119
1.1 Space Frame Design 119
1.2 Space Frame Material Selection 122
1.3 Space Frame Construction 122
2. Frameless Structures 124
2.1 Frameless Design 124
2.2 Frameless Material 124
2.3 Frameless Construction 124
3. Safety Structures for Frameless Vehicles 124
3.1 Rollover Structures for Frameless Vehicles 124
3.2 Repair of Frameless Construction 127
3.3 Impact Attenuation for Frameless Vehicles 127
APPENDIX E: GASEOUS FUEL STORAGE AND HANDLING IN VEHICLES 129
Containers 130
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Securing 130
Venting Systems 130
Lines 130
Valves 131
Pressure Gauges 131
Electrical Equipment 131
Fueling Connections 131
Signage 132
Other Prohibitions 132
APPENDIX F: SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS 133
Paddock Rules 134
Pit Lane Rules 136
On Track Procedures for All Sessions 138
Practice Procedure 140
Qualifying Procedure 142
Grid Rules 144
Track Trails Procedure 146
Impound Procedures 147
Flags 148
Rules Of The Road 151
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Document Organization
Document Organization
Rules pertaining to organization, preparation for and conduct of the Competition are
presented in sections 01.00.00 through 04.00.00 of this document.
Rules pertaining to non-commercial vehicle construction are presented in section
05.00.00. Those rules are organized in conformance with the configuration levels
defined in the “Vehicle System Configuration” presented in figure 1.
Figure 1 – Generic Vehicle System Configuration
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Competition Organization
Section 01.00.00 Competition Organization
The purpose, objectives, approach, governance and regulation of the Competition are
described in this section.
Section 01.01.00 Competition Purpose
This is an engineering design competition. Its purpose is to enable participants to
develop and demonstrate the knowledge and hands-on skills needed to successfully
start and imaginatively continue professional careers. Toward that end, the
Competition is intended to attain the following goals.
01.01.00.a Engineering and Manufacturing
Encourage innovative systems engineering and integration using the most
appropriate material, technology and practices.
01.01.00.b Interaction
Encourage interaction between commercial and non-commercial
participants. Enable commercial participants to demonstrate their
products and to interact with non-commercial participants, watch them
perform and inspect and observe the performance of their vehicles.
Section 01.02.00 Competition Objectives
Objectives for competitors are:
01.02.00.a Demonstrate Knowledge and Skills
Demonstrate knowledge of the principles and practice of vehicle design, as
well as skills in performance engineering and project execution.
01.02.00.b Create, Present and Run a Concept Vehicle
Conceive, design, build, test and present a concept vehicle that satisfies
stated vehicle design objectives and that will safely operate on the
Competition course in simulated, real road conditions.
01.02.00.c Compete
Compete in and win the Performance Engineering Competition.
Section 01.03.00 Competition Approach
01.03.00.a Address New Challenges With New Technology
New technology may be used to create vehicles that satisfy real, twenty-
first century transportation needs. Non-commercial competitors may
demonstrate their abilities in Design and Business Communication events.
Performance of all vehicles may be demonstrated in the Energy Invitational
event, a track day at a road course that includes Practice, Qualifying and
competitive Track Trials activities.
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01.03.00.b Assess Emerging Technology Value
The presumption that use of emerging technologies will result in the most
competitive vehicle is assessed by allowing competitors to use mature
technology and tools.
01.03.00.c Maximize Openness
Strictures on design are limited to those required to ensure safety and
support the stated purpose and objectives of the Competition. Subject to
the judgment of competition officials, safety of designs, components,
vehicles and operation is made the responsibility of competitors instead of
being codified in the Rules. Vehicles that pass inspection and all qualified
participants are permitted to compete in the dynamic operations event.
01.03.00.d Explicitly State Design Objectives
Design objectives are stated in section 01.03.01. During Design Judging,
competitors with non-commercial vehicles will present their interpretation
and emphasis regarding these objectives in a Design Summary.
01.03.00.e Reward Objective Attainment
Create competitive activities and score categories that reward attainment
of Competition objectives and vehicle design objectives. Make the
competitor with the highest overall score the Competition winner.
01.03.00.f Build a Concept Vehicle
Competitors presenting non-commercial vehicles should assume they work
for a firm that is designing, building, testing, demonstrating and
presenting a concept vehicle to potential buyers.
01.03.00.g Enable Energy Use Economy Measurement
Define Propulsion Types and energy sources along with means for
measuring energy use economy that can be used in scoring.
01.03.00.h Assess Commercial vs. Non-commercial Vehicle Capability
Any competitor, non-commercial or commercial, may enter a commercial
vehicle in the Energy Invitational event where performance capability
relative to all other entered vehicles is demonstrated on a road course.
01.03.00.i Keep Competitor and Vehicle Capabilities Equitable
Commercial competitors may not compete in the Design Judging and
Business Communications Judging events. In the Energy Invitational,
commercial and non-commercial vehicle types run in separate sessions.
01.03.00.j Provide Competition Governance and Operational Support
Provide year-round governance and operational support for a Competition
that is held annually in the spring.
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Section 01.03.01 Vehicle Design Objectives
01.03.01.a Economy
Minimize vehicle energy use cost. Make the vehicle economical to operate.
01.03.01.b Clean Emissions
Minimize vehicle emission of recognized environmental pollutants.
01.03.01.c Convenient Fueling
Make vehicle fueling convenient, fast and easy.
01.03.01.d High Performance
Make the vehicle high-performance in acceleration, braking and handling.
01.03.01.e Durable
Make the vehicle durable enough to run competitively on a road racing
course, non-stop for at least sixty minutes.
01.03.01.f Useful
Make the vehicle useful to the average consumer on U.S. public roads.
“Most useful” is defined as having closed wheels, some cargo space and a
closed occupant compartment with four seats.
Note: Tension between objectives is intentional. A design that
accommodates four occupants and cargo is more useful than one that
accommodates two occupants and no cargo, but it may use more fuel.
01.03.01.g Ergonomic
1. Make the vehicle comfortable. Minimize occupant fatigue for
individuals between the sizes of the fifth and the ninety-fifth
percentile stature female and male as defined by the NHTSA. This
affects seat width and adjustable distances from: seat back to foot
pedals, seat bottom to a line parallel to the top of the steering wheel
and seat back to center of steering wheel.
2. Include standard amenities. Climate control, GPS navigation and
sound system are desirable but not mandatory. For cost reasons,
provision may be designed but not implemented.
01.03.01.h Attractive
Make the vehicle aesthetically attractive.
01.03.01.i Inexpensive
Make the vehicle inexpensive and easy to manufacture.
01.03.01.j Low Maintenance
Minimize maintenance. Make it inexpensive relative to cars on the market.
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Section 01.03.02 Competitor Type
Competitors are either commercial or non-commercial.
01.03.02.a Commercial Competitor Definition
Commercial competitors are professionals or businesses. Commercial
competitors may compete only in the Energy Invitational event.
01.03.02.c Non-commercial Competitor Definition
1. Non-commercial competitors are individuals or groups of students, hobbyists
or other non-professional, non-commercial individuals.
2. Non-commercial competitors may compete in all Competition events.
3. Non-commercial competitors may use any literature or knowledge sources
including consultation with professionals, provided the consultation is a
discussion of alternatives and means. To maintain Non-commercial
competitor type status, only amateurs may work on the vehicle or make
decisions regarding it.
Section 01.03.03 Vehicle Type
Vehicles are either commercial or non-commercial. Non-commercial vehicles come in
two types: “concept” and “modified commercial.” A concept vehicle is custom-built to
satisfy the design objectives stipulated in section 01.03.01. A modified commercial
vehicle is a commercial vehicle that has been modified for the same reasons.
01.03.03.a Commercial Vehicle Definition and Use
1. A commercial vehicle is one that has been professionally or commercially
designed or manufactured.
2. Commercial vehicles may be used by both commercial and non-commercial
competitors.
3. Commercial vehicles may be used only in the Energy Invitational event.
01.03.03.b Commercial Vehicle Modification
1. Other than to comply with the energy use measurement requirement, a
commercial vehicle must be in a stock configuration sold by its
manufacturer for use on U.S. public roads.
2. Modifications other than to comply with the energy consumption
measurement requirement make a commercial type vehicle non-commercial.
3. A technical inspector ruling on vehicle type may not be protested.
01.03.03.c Commercial Vehicle Technical Requirements
Commercial vehicles do not have to pass Technical Construction
Inspection. They must, however, pass Technical Safety Inspection.
01.03.03.d Non-commercial Vehicle Definition and Use
1. A non-commercial vehicle is one that has been, at least in part, designed or
built by a non-commercial person or group. Modifying a commercial vehicle
makes it a non-commercial vehicle.
2. Non-commercial vehicles may be used only by non-commercial competitors.
3. Non-commercial vehicles may use both commercial and non-commercial
components.
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01.03.03.e Non-commercial Vehicle Technical Requirements
Non-commercial vehicles must pass Technical Construction Inspection
and satisfy the technical requirements described in section 05.00.00. They
must also pass Technical Safety Inspection.
Section 01.03.04 Propulsion Types
01.03.04.a Recognized Propulsion Types
Propulsion Types that may be used and their identifiers are:
Propulsion Type Identifier
Internal combustion IC
Electric E
Hybrid IC/E
Fuel cell FC
01.03.04.b New Propulsion Types
Competitors may petition the Rules Committee to add new Propulsion
Types. Rules changes to allow new propulsion types will be made during
the period following end of a Competition in one year and opening of Pre-
Registration for a Competition the next.
Section 01.03.05 Energy Sources
01.03.05.a Recognized Energy Sources
1. Energy sources that may be used and the identifiers for them are:
Energy Source Identifier
Ethanol AlE
Methanol AlM
E85 E85
Compressed natural gas CNG
Liquid propane gas LPG
Hydrogen (fuel cell) H2
Diesel fuel D
Gasoline G
Electricity E
Gasoline/Electricity GE
2. A single standard cost will be given for all grades of gasoline.
01.03.05.b New Energy Sources
Competitors may petition the Rules Committee to add new energy sources.
Rules changes to allow new energy sources will be made during the period
following end of a Competition in one year and opening of Pre-Registration
for a Competition the next.
01.03.05.c Standard Energy Units and Costs
1. Standard cost of energy per kilojoule shall be set by the Rules Committee.
These energy costs will be used for the Competition year.
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2. A table showing standard energy units, kilojoules per unit and standard cost
per unit and kilojoule for each energy source shall be posted on the
Competition website.
3. The Competition Scorekeeper shall use the conversion table on the
Competition website, to convert the energy used to cost for Scoring.
01.03.05.d Energy Provision
Competitors shall provide their own energy source to at the Competition.
Section 01.03.06 Energy Use Measurement
1. An approved energy use measurement method for each recognized energy source is
described in the following paragraphs. Competitors may petition the Rules Committee to
add or change methods for measuring energy use.
2. Competitors shall acquire, install, calibrate and test data acquisition hardware and
software to measure energy use. During the Preparation phase of the Competition, they
shall submit to Technical Inspection for approval, procedures for confirming energy use
calibration and for energy use measurement.
01.03.06.a Internal Combustion: Fluid Hydrocarbon
Using data acquisition, continuously capture fuel flow-rate, temperature
and pressure from a flow meter in the fuel line. From that data, compute
the amount of fuel transferred in kilograms.
01.03.06.b Electric: Electricity
Using data acquisition, continuously capture main bus voltage and
current. From that data, compute energy used in kilowatt hours.
Section 01.03.07 Vehicle Class
Vehicle class is defined by a combination of vehicle type and propulsion type. For each
recognized vehicle type – propulsion type combination, the class identifiers are:
Propulsion Type
Vehicle Type
Internal Combustion Hybrid Electric Fuel Cell
Commercial C:IC C:Hy C:E C:FC
Non-commercial N:IC N:Hy N:E N:FC
New class identifiers will be added as new Propulsion Types are recognized.
Section 01.03.08 Official Notices and Information
Official notices and information are posted on the Competition website. Competitors
are required to read and be familiar with current postings.
Official notices have the same authority and validity as these Rules.
Section 01.03.09 Official Language
English is the official language for the Competition. English is the language that will
be spoken in all activities. All forms and documents must be prepared in English.
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Section 01.04.00 Competition Governance
Management for the Competition is provided by a Steering Committee, a Rules
Committee and an Organizer. Contact information is given on the Competition
website.
Section 01.04.01 Steering Committee
The Steering Committee monitors, advises and approves all Competition activity.
Board responsibilities include: recruiting Competition sponsors and Steering
Committee members, approval of Rules Committee members, approval of Rules, hiring
of an Organizer and approval of budgets.
01.04.01.a Membership, Qualifications, Term and Chairperson
1. The Steering Committee consists of at least three members; the number of
members must be odd. Members may be college and university faculty
members, Competition sponsor representatives or industry experts. A
minimum of three Committee members is recommended; the number of
members must be odd.
2. The term of a member is one year.
3. The Steering Committee chairperson is a Vital Link representative.
4. The Competition Organizer is a Steering Committee member.
01.04.01.b Chairperson Responsibilities
The Steering Committee chairperson is responsible for recruiting
Committee members. Committee members are nominated to and selected
by the chairperson. The chairperson is responsible for scheduling,
planning and facilitating Steering Committee meetings and for ensuring
that Committee responsibilities are fulfilled.
01.04.01.c Meeting Frequency
Steering Committee meetings may be called by the chairperson as needed.
The committee must meet at least once annually.
01.04.01.d Competition Budget
The Steering Committee must submit an annual Competition budget to
Vital Link for approval by 31 August each year. Vital Link may change a
proposed budget or disapprove it for a clearly stated cause, but must
provide an approved budget to the Steering Committee by 30 September.
Budgets proposed by 31 August but not commented on by 30 September
are approved.
01.04.01.e Organizer Contract Renewal
As the chairperson of the Steering Committee, Vital Link must sign an
Organizer contract by 31 July each year.
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Section 01.04.02 Rules Committee
The Rules Committee maintains this Rules document. It responds to proposed Rules
changes and assures that the Rules are technologically current and adequate to attain
Competition goals.
01.04.02.a Membership, Qualification, Term and Chairperson
1. The Rules Committee consists of at least five members; the number of
members must be odd. Members must be expert in one of the following
disciplines. Each discipline should be represented:
Event management
Competitor team organization and management
Registration
Design Judging
Business Communication Judging
Technical Inspection
Energy Invitational
Scorekeeper
2. The Organizer is the chairperson and a permanent member.
3. Competition Registration, Technical Inspection, Design Judging, Business
Communications, Energy Invitational managers and Competition
Scorekeeper should be invited to be Rules Committee members.
4. The term of Rules Committee members is one year.
01.04.02.b Chairperson Responsibilities
The Committee chairperson is responsible for recruiting Committee
members. Committee members are nominated to and selected by the
Committee chairperson. Selections are approved by the Steering
Committee. The chairperson is responsible for calling Rules Committee
meetings and setting meeting agendas, responding to rules questions and
proposed changes and managing production of a Rules update each year.
01.04.02.c Meeting Frequency
The Rules Committee must meet at least once annually and submit a
proposed set of rules to the Competition Steering Committee for approval a
month prior to opening of Pre-Registration.
01.04.02.d Rules Approval Deadline
The Steering Committee may change proposed rules, but must approve a
set of Rules before scheduled Pre-Registration opening. Rules that are
proposed on time but not commented on by scheduled Pre-Registration
opening are approved.
Section 01.04.03 Organizer
The Organizer plans, prepares for and manages operation of the Competition.
01.04.03.a Qualifications
The Organizer must be familiar with all aspects of the Competition and
must be an expert event manager.
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01.04.03.b Term
The Organizer is a consultant hired by the Steering Committee on a
renewable yearly contract.
01.04.03.c Responsibilities
In addition to planning, preparing for and managing the Competition, the
Organizer will do the following:
• Submit a proposed annual budget to the Steering Committee by 31 July.
• Sit on the Steering Committee, and provide information and make
recommendations to the Board concerning the Competition.
• Sit on the Rules Committee, provide information, and make
recommendations.
• Post/monitor Competition information on the Competition website.
• Pre-register and register competitors and vehicles.
• Recruit, hire and manage needed volunteers and vendors.
• Maintain needed supplies and equipment.
• Consult with and support collegiate SAE organizations.
Section 01.05.00 Competition Regulation
These Rules establish the expectations, environment and guidance for the
Competition. They encourage competitors to address real, twenty-first century
requirements and to use emerging twenty-first century technology. After these
considerations are satisfied, these Rules are intended to be open and to encourage the
most practical imagination and creativity possible.
Motor vehicle operation is a potentially dangerous activity that can result in serious
injury or death. These Rules and the operation of the Competition attempt to minimize
risk, but it will still exist. Ultimate responsibility for participant and vehicle safety lies
with the participants. Participation in all aspects of the Competition is voluntary. Each
participant must be accountable for their own choices. Each participant must take
responsibility for them self, use good judgment and be safe.
01.05.00.a Authority
The contents of this document along with official notices, decisions and
directions of the Steering Committee, the Rules Committee and the
Organizer, constitute the rules for the Competition. The Organizer, Rules
Committee and Steering Committee have the right to change any notices,
schedules, rules or other such documents in any way that, in their
judgment, is required for the operation of the Competition.
01.05.00.b Interpretation
Questions regarding interpretation, intent or meaning of these Rules shall
be addressed to and resolved by the Organizer, the Rules Committee or the
Steering Committee in that order of precedence.
01.05.00.c Compliance
By pre-registering a vehicle in the Competition, competitors agree to read,
understand, comply with and be bound by these Rules as well as any
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published notices or information. Individuals associated with a pre-
registered vehicle are, from time of pre-registration until either they
withdraw from the Competition or the Competition ends, by definition,
competitors.
01.05.00.d Maintenance and Official Copy
These rules are maintained by the Rules Committee described in section
01.04.02. An updated copy of the Rules is released in September each year
and published on the Competition website. That copy of the Rules is the
only official copy of the Rules.
Section 01.05.01 Rules Questions
01.05.01.a Submittal Procedure
Questions regarding interpretation shall be addressed to the Rules
Committee and posted on the Competition website. The posted question
shall give: the full name, email address, phone number and vehicle
number of the competitor; the rule number being questioned (if
applicable); and the question. The format for submitting a question is:
To: Performance Engineering Competition Rules Committee
From: [Full Name], email address, phone number, vehicle number
Rule:
Question:
01.05.01.b Submittal Size
No part of nor attachment to any question may exceed 1MB in size. The
total size of any question, with all attachments, shall not exceed 10MB.
01.05.01.c Response
Responses to Rules questions will take a minimum of two weeks.
Responses to questions that have already been answered will be a
reference to that answer. The question and the response will be posted on
the Competition website by the Rules Committee. The Rules Committee
may take an indefinite amount of time to respond to questions that raise
complex issues.
01.05.01.d Public Domain
Both the questions submitted to the Rules Committee and the responses
to those questions are in the public domain and may be read by any
competitor.
Section 01.05.02 Regulation
01.05.02.a Rule Changes
Rule changes can be made and enforced without notice and immediately.
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01.05.02.b Compliance Responsibility
It is the duty of each competitor to satisfy the Inspectors and Stewards
that the competitor’s car complies with the rules in their entirety at all
times during the event.
All incident involving injury and/or property damage that occurs on a
Competition site or that is associated with the Competition shall be
reported as soon as possible to the Organizer. If the incident occurs on the
Energy Invitational site, the Event Chairperson, Chief Steward and Safety
Steward shall also be notified.
01.05.02.c Code of Conduct
1. Responsibility
Entrants are responsible for the conduct of their drivers and crews. A breach
of this code may result in a penalty. An offense by a team member will be
charged to the Entrant. “Entrant” is defined in 03.03.02.a.
a. Each competitor is expected to conduct them self in a professional,
sportsmanlike manner. Persons whose appearance, associations or
affiliations are deemed inappropriate or whose conduct is offensive,
abrasive, in bad taste, or otherwise inappropriate may be considered in
violation of this Code.
b. Failure to obey direction of an official will be considered a breach of
this Code.
c. Any competitor that publicly criticizes Competition officials may be
considered to be acting in an unsportsmanlike manner prejudicial or
detrimental to the best interests of the Competition.
d. Competitor action or inaction not otherwise specifically prohibited by
this Code that is deemed to be or to cause a situation, unnecessarily
dangerous, negligent or otherwise inappropriate, shall be considered a
breach of this Code.
e. Competitor action or inaction that, in the opinion of Competition
officials, results in an unfair advantage to a competitor shall constitute
unsportsmanlike conduct, and is a breach of this Code.
f. Failure to attend or late arrival at a mandatory meeting is a breach of
this Code.
2. Unsafe Conduct
The offending competitor may be required to leave the premises.
3. Un-Sportsman Like Conduct
The offending competitor may be required to leave premises.
4. Alcoholic Beverages, Narcotics, and Dangerous Drugs
a. No participant may consume alcohol until all scheduled activities are
finished for the day. Any participant who has consumed any alcohol on
the day of an event, other than following the conclusion of their
activities, shall not participate on that day, may be excluded from the
balance of the Competition, and may be penalized. Alcohol may not be
consumed on the Competition venue until after all the official activities
for the day are concluded.
b. No participant may use any narcotic or dangerous drug. A participant
who uses a narcotic or dangerous drug during the Competition or on
the grounds will be removed from the grounds at the order of the
Organizer; and may be penalized. For the purpose of this section, a
narcotic or dangerous drug is defined by Federal law or by the law of
the State of California.
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Competition Organization
c. No participant may supply alcoholic beverages at a Competition site in
violation of law or regulations; this includes supplying alcoholic
beverages to under-age persons.
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Section 02.00.00 Annual Activity
Year-round activities of the Competition include:
Annual support section 02.01.00
Pre-registration section 02.02.00
Competition preparation section 02.03.00
Section 02.01.00 Annual Support
Annual support is provided through a Competition website. Competition Pre-
registration and Preparation are supported there, and other useful information is
made available.
Section 02.01.01 Competition Website
A website is provided to enable information exchange between competitors and
Competition officials. Information on the Competition website includes:
• Competition Rules, official copy
• Official notices and information
• Questions and answers regarding the Rules and Notices
• Pre-Registration Notice giving dates and limit
• Pre-registered competitors and vehicles
• Annual Schedule
• Competition Daily Schedule
• Judging Schedule
• Bill of Material template
• Standard cost software (not available for 2012)
• Energy source standard cost
• Forms and document templates for Technical Inspection and Design Judging
• Design Judging Score Sheet
• Business Communication Judging Score Sheet
• Contact information for the Steering Committee, Rules Committee and Organizer
Section 02.01.02 Annual Schedule
An Annual Schedule for the current Competition year with open and close dates for
each of the annual activities is posted on the Competition website before Pre-
Registration opens.
Activity Comment
Pre-registration - Opens in October and closes in January.
Preparation - Starts any time after the end of a Competition and ends in March.
Documents required to compete are submitted during this period.
Competition - Occurs in April. After arrival and registration (day 0), the schedule of
competitive activities lasts two days.
Section 02.02.00 Competitor Pre-Registration
The purpose of Pre-registration is to identify the vehicles and people that will compete,
collect a registration fee and make essential information available to competitors.
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02.02.00.a Pre-registration Opening and Closing
Pre-registration typically opens on the Competition website in October and
closes in January. The vehicle registration fee; the Competition date and
location; and a running list of pre-registered competitor names and vehicle
numbers are posted on the website as the information becomes available.
02.02.00.b Method
Pre-registration instructions are provided on the Competition website. To
complete Pre-registration:
• Submit a Pre-Registration form to the Competition Registrar.
• Pay the vehicle pre-registration fee. This fee is neither refundable nor
transferrable to another competitor or year.
02.02.00.c Competitor Type, Vehicle Type, and Energy Source
A competitor type, vehicle type and energy source must be declared to pre-
register a vehicle. Competitor types are defined in section 01.03.02.
Vehicle types are defined in 01.03.03. Energy sources are defined in
01.03.05.
02.02.00.d Vehicle Pre-registration Limit
The number of competitor team pre-registrations allowed for a Competition
year is posted on the Competition website. Pre-registration closes either
when that number is reached, or when the scheduled Pre-registration
close date is reached.
02.02.00.e Number Assignment and Information
1. Number Assignment
a. Permitted vehicle numbers range from 00 through 99.
b. When the Registrar is pre-registering a vehicle, a vehicle number is
assigned to it. Numbers are assigned in the sequence that Pre-
Registration forms are received.
c. A specific vehicle number may be requested by listing up to five
numbers in the sequence of preference on the pre-registration form or
by email request to: Info@PerformanceEngineeringCompetition.Com. If
a requested number is available, it will be assigned. Changes must be
requested prior to end of the Competition Preparation period.
d. The Registrar will email vehicle number assignments to competitors.
2. Information
After pre-registration is complete, the following information on the website is
made available to the competitor:
• Forms and document templates for Technical Inspection and Design
Judging
• Deadlines and event dates
• Notices and information for competitors
• Questions from competitors with answers
02.02.00.f Withdrawals.
Pre-registered competitors that become aware they will not be able to
attend the actual Competition are asked to notify the Organizer at least
one week prior to the scheduled start date of a Competition.
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Section 02.03.00 Competition Preparation
During the Competition Preparation period, non-commercial vehicles are designed and
built, and required documentation is prepared and submitted.
Technical Inspection and Design Judging start as soon as the Competition Preparation
period closes. The inspectors and judges read the submitted documentation and begin
categorizing and ranking vehicles.
Inspectors and judges realize that continuing vehicle development and refinement may
cause the completed vehicle to diverge from the submitted information. An anticipated
range of values may be appropriate for specifications that are subject to tuning,.
02.03.00.a Required Submittals
1. Documents that must be submitted, their formats and their due dates are
identified on the Competition website. These documents include:
Technical Inspection documents identified in section 02.03.01
Design documents identified in section 02.03.02
Competitor Program submissions identified in section 02.03.03
2. Scanned documents shall be submitted in *.jpg format. Drawings shall be
submitted in *.pdf format. Text and worksheet files shall be submitted in
Microsoft Word and Excel format. Files shall be labeled as follows and
submitted in electronic format by end of the Competition Preparation period.
File Label Format: CarNumber_DocumentName.[jpg, pdf, docx, xlsx]
02.03.00.b Late Submission Penalties
Submission Penalty
Technical Inspection 5 points per day up to 25 points off the composite
documents Competition score.
10 points per day up to 50 points; then dropped from
Design documents
the Design event
Program submissions Omission from the Competition Program
Section 02.03.01 Technical Inspection Documents
Competitors that plan to compete in the Energy Invitational must submit the following
documents. Competitors that do not compete in the Energy Invitational are not
required to participate in Technical Inspection and should not submit the documents.
Document Comment
Technical Construction Only the following entries are required: vehicle number,
Inspection Form competitor name, vehicle type, propulsion type, energy source.
This form is required only for modified commercial and concept
vehicles. For modified commercial vehicles, all alterations to the
Structural Safety Report
vehicle construction are documented. For both vehicle types,
Form
evidence of structure design, material and construction
adequacy to protect vehicle occupants must be documented.
This procedure documents how to calibrate and ensure correct
Energy Use Calibration
energy use measurement. It also identifies parts used and
Procedure
explains how they will be assembled and installed function.
Energy Use Measurement This procedure documents how to measure the energy used at
Procedure the end of Track Trials.
To permit continuing work, preliminary copies may be submitted. Final copies must be
provided at the Competition. Continuity between preliminary and final is required.
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Section 02.03.02 Design Documents
Participation in Design Judging is optional. Competitors participating in Design
Judging must submit the following documents. Competitors not competing in Design
Judging should not submit the following design documents.
Document Submission
Design Summary Required
Design Specification Sheet Required
Costed BOM Required
At their discretion, judges may penalize Design Judging competitors up to 50 points
for an incorrectly or inadequately prepared Design Summary or Design Specification
Sheet and up to 100 points for a missing or inadequately prepared Costed BOM. In
addition, competitors that do not correctly and adequately prepare these documents
may adversely impact the judges’ assessment of the design during judging.
02.03.02.a Design Summary
1. The Design Summary should introduce a vehicle to the judges. It
should highlight vehicle concepts and design and construction
features and include a list of analysis and testing techniques
employed. Data from this analysis and testing should be brought to
the Competition to substantiate the work that was done.
2. The Design Summary should not exceed eight 8 1/2 by 11 inch pages
in length. It should contain no more than four pages of text, three
pages of vehicle engineering drawings, and optionally, one page the
content of which may be determined by the competitor (photos,
graphs, etc.). The three pages of drawings should present a front, top
and side view of the vehicle. Each view shall be on a separate page.
The drawings may be created manually or by using CAD.
3. Submitted title and table of contents pages will be counted as text
pages.
4. If excess pages are submitted all pages over the limit will be
discarded.
02.03.02.b Design Specification Sheet
A template for the Design Specification Sheet is available on the
Competition website. A current copy of that template shall be used to
create a Design Specification Sheet.
02.03.02.c Costed BOM
1. A Costed BOM is generated and stored using the software described
in paragraph 02.03.02.h.
2. Costed BOM Exempt Items
Exempt Item Comment
A vehicle will be primed or gel coated and a cost
Finishes recorded. Any finishes (paint, polish, etc.) that are only
used to beautify need not be costed. Preservative
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Exempt Item Comment
finishes intended to protect the appearance or function
of a part for an extended time period must be costed
(labor and material included).
Fire
Extinguisher Neither a fire extinguisher nor an onboard fire
or Suppression suppression system is required to be costed.
System
Only one set of tires and wheels needs to be included
Tires and
in the costed BOM. That set must be the one on the
Wheels
vehicle during the Design Judging event.
Transponders,
Video and These items need not be included in the Cost Report.
Radio Systems
The cost of a data acquisition system including display
screens, control modules, sensors and wiring must be
included in the vehicle cost. The cost of an equivalent
data acquisition system without displays and controls
Data
should then be subtracted from the total. In essence,
Acquisition
the cost of “stand-alone” data acquisition systems,
Systems
excluding sensors and wiring, is not included in vehicle
cost. The cost of data acquisition systems employing
driver displays or other vehicle control functionality
shall be the cost of those features.
3. Costed BOM Errors
Any error that results in a competitor over-reporting a cost in their
Costed BOM will not be further penalized.
02.03.02.g Addenda
1. An addendum that reflects any changes or corrections made after the
submission of the Design documentation must be submitted at
Registration when the competitor registers at the Competition. It will
not be accepted at any other time or place. Costed BOM changes
must employ the addendum template provided on the Competition
website. No other format will be accepted.
2. Costed BOM items added by addenda are costed at 1.25 times the
table cost. Items removed by addenda are credited at 0.75 times the
table cost.
02.03.02.h Costed BOM Software Application
The procedures and software employed enable competitors to add items to
the Standard Cost database, to update existing costs and to prepare and
submit their costed BOM. It is available on the Competition website.
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Section 02.03.03 Competition Program Submission
The following information may be provided for inclusion in the Competition Program:
Vehicle or vehicle with team photo.
Team member names
Faculty advisor names
Vehicle and subsystem descriptive highlights
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Section 03.00.00 Competition Activity
Section 03.00.00 and its subsections present the procedures and requirements for
conducting each Competition activity.
Section 03.01.00 Competition Overall Operation
Section 03.01.01 describes operation, schedules, areas and policies for the
Competition as a whole. Oversight and support provided are also described.
The Competition is run as a set of activities according to a Daily Schedule and
supported from Competition Headquarters. A site map located at Competition
Headquarters shows the location of the activities. The accessibility of areas in the
venue to the various types of participants may be separately indicated. Each of the
activities is run by a manager who is responsible for fairness, communication with
competitors and managing the activity in accordance with the Rules. A list identifying
the manager for each activity is available at Competition Headquarters.
Section 03.01.01 Competition Headquarters
Competition Headquarters is the focal point for Competition management and
communications. Registration, Information and Logistics and Support are located
there, and the schedules for and conduct of all activities is coordinated from there.
Section 03.01.02 Competition Logistics and Support
This activity sets up and tears down the Competition site. It monitors the Competition
gates, and acts as auxiliary staff for other activities as needed.
Section 03.01.03 Competition Schedules
Competition Schedules are:
• Competition Daily Schedule
• Judging Schedule
• Energy Invitational Schedule
These schedules are posted on the Information kiosk/bulletin board.
03.01.03.a Competition Daily Schedule
The Competition Daily Schedule is published on the Competition website.
The days on which activities will run are shown in the following table:
Activity Start Finish
Competition Registration Day 0 Day 1
Technical Inspection Day 0 Day 2
Design Judging Day 1 Day 1
Business Communication Judging Day 1 Day 1
Drivers Meeting Day 2 Day 2
Energy Invitational Day 2 Day 2
Awards Ceremony Day 2 Day 2
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03.01.03.b Judging Schedule
The Judging schedule tells competitors their times for Design Judging and
Business Communication Judging. Design Judging periods last 60
minutes. Business Communication Judging periods last 30 minutes.
Before the Competition, the Judging schedule is posted on the Competition
website. During the Competition, updates to the schedule are posted on
the Information kiosk/bulletin board.
Design and Business Communication Judging times are assigned by the
Organizer. Competitors that arrive late will lose a commensurate amount
of time from their assigned judging period. Competitors that do not show
up will receive a zero score. Judging sessions will not be rescheduled.
03.01.03.c Energy Invitational Schedules
The Driving Instructor Orientation Meeting and the Drivers Meeting
scheduled start times are included in the Competition Daily Schedule.
Practice and Qualifying schedules showing session start times and vehicle
assignments to sessions are posted on the Information kiosk/bulletin
board.
A Track Trials schedule showing session start time, assignment of vehicles
to sessions and run order within sessions is posted on the Information
kiosk/bulletin board after the end of Qualifying.
Section 03.01.04 Competition Area Access
The Competition venue is divided into access areas for spectators, static activities and
the Energy Invitational. Access to areas for static activities and for the Energy
Invitational is restricted.
03.01.04.a Static Activity Area Access
Static activity area access is limited to participants appropriate to the area
purpose. Some examples of such areas are:
Static Area Description
Access to the general paddock area is public. Access
Paddock to an individual paddock space assigned to a
competitor team is controlled by the team.
Registration is divided into a public and a private side.
Registration Private Registration access is controlled by the
Registration manager.
Open to technical inspectors and competitors with
Technical Inspection vehicles being inspected. Spectator access and area is
controlled by the Technical Inspection manager.
Open to judges and competing team members.
Judging Spectator access and area are controlled by the
Judging managers.
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03.01.04.b Dynamic Operations Area
Practice, Qualifying and Track Trials are conducted in a restricted dynamic
operations area. It is defined as all places which become controlled when
the course is hot.
The restricted area includes:
Pit lane
Grid
Entrance lane
Circuit
Exit lane
Vehicles may be run competitively under power in the dynamic operations
area. This area may be entered only by authorized categories of people:
workers, drivers, translators, media, photographers and escorted VIPs.
Media includes newspapers, magazines, radio and television. Within the
dynamic operations area, access is further restricted to designated
locations and at all times controlled by course officials. Prior to the course
going hot, the people in each access category are briefed on safety
procedures and the locations to which they have access.
Section 03.01.05 Competition Control and Safety Rules
03.01.05.a Control
Motorized vehicles may be operated by anyone holding a valid state-issued
driver’s license.
Any pets must be securely fastened to a leash or chain not to exceed 20
feet. This leash or chain must be securely held by a stationary object or
must be controlled by an adult at all times.
All minors shall be under adult supervision at all times.
No person may ride on the bodywork of any vehicle.
The Competition venue is a “no smoking” area except for spectator parking
and other designated smoking areas. Use of alcohol within the venue while
competition activity is in progress is prohibited.
Open flame is prohibited in all areas where it might accidently ignite fumes
or other combustible material.
03.01.05.b Safety
The following rules apply to working on vehicles:
Cars shall not be run in gear with the drive wheels off the ground.
Jack stands must be used whenever any person is under any part of a lifted
vehicle.
All vehicles must be securely held in place via chock, stand, or other positive
method whenever the driver is not seated in the driver’s seat.
Any compressed gas cylinders with pressures above 200 psi must have a
cage or similar device to protect the valve/regulator/gauge assembly when
rigged for use.
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Section 03.01.06 Competition Insurance
The Competition shall carry adequate insurance for both static and dynamic activities.
The Organizer shall make certain that adequate insurance is provided.
Before allowing the Energy Invitational to begin, the Safety Steward shall be satisfied
that required insurance is provided.
Section 03.01.07 Shipping
For both inbound and outbound competitor shipments, shipping and receiving at the
Competition are the sole responsibility of the competitor.
03.01.07.a Inbound Shipments
Shipments may be delivered to the competitor at the Competition site no
earlier than site opening time on Day 0. Competitors must receive and sign
for their shipments. Shipments not addressed to a competitor or
shipments that arrive at the Competition site too early will be rejected.
03.01.07.b Outbound Shipments
Outbound shipments must be off-site at the end of Day 02. Competitors
shall supervise the loading of and sign for their outbound shipments.
03.01.07.c Shipping Services
Neither a loading dock nor equipment to unload or load will be provided at
the Competition site. To transport crates and pallets, shippers must
employ a truck with a hydraulic lift gate and carry a pallet jack. To
transport vehicles, shippers must either employ vehicle carriers or use
trucks equipped with vehicle ramps to load and unload the vehicle.
Section 03.01.08 Questions, Challenges and Protests
This section describes a formal process for responding to questions and resolving
issues that may arise. The process must be followed step-by-step.
03.01.08.a Discussion
Competitors must first discuss questions and issues regarding operation of
an activity, interpretation of the rules, penalties, scoring and fairness with
the activity manager. The activity manager may confer privately with
others and refer questions and issues to the Organizer.
03.01.08.b Protest Conditions
If an issue is not satisfactorily resolved by the activity manager and
substantive harm has been done, the competitor may file a protest.
03.01.08.c Protest Submission Procedure
Protests must be submitted in writing by the competitor to the affected
activity manager within thirty minutes after initial scores for an activity
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are posted. Protests must be submitted by the registered “entrant,” the
legal adult who formally represents a vehicle.
Prior to the start of an event, the Organizer will appoint and post the
names of a panel of three persons with no material interest in potential
disputes to rule on any protests that may arise. The panel will allow or
deny any protest and inform the competitor and the Organizer of the
decision. Protests must be ruled on before final event and Competition
scores are tallied.
03.01.08.d Protest Denial Consequences
Denial of a protest in a competitive event shall result in loss of ten percent
of the competitor's score in the affected activity. In a non-competitive
activity, denial of a protest shall result in loss of 10 points to a
competitor's total score.
Section 03.02.00 Competition Registration
Competition Registration confirms and completes provision of information initiated in
Pre-Registration. This section identifies the groups to be registered and describes the
registration procedures.
At completion of Registration, each group is given distinctive wrist bands to uniquely
identify them and control where they can go in the Competition venue. In addition,
name badges are given to competitors, staff and volunteers. Wrist bands and badges
must be worn at all times inside the venue.
When Registration opens on Day 0, the Registration manager shall post a list of the
pre-registered competitors on the Information kiosk/bulletin board. When Registration
closes on Day 0, the list of pre-registered competitors shall be replaced by a list of
registered competitors.
Section 03.02.01 Basic Registration
All individuals who enter the Competition must complete basic registration. The basic
registration procedure is as follows:
• Provide requested identification and personal information.
• Sign track and Competition liability waivers. Persons who are not legal adults must be
accompanied by a legal adult. This adult shall countersign their registration and waiver
forms, accompany them at all times and be responsible for them while they are inside
the Competition venue.
• Declare participation type as a competitor, staff, volunteer, sponsor, media,
photographer or spectator. All persons that support a vehicle are defined as competitors
and identified as a competitor team.
Additional registration activity unique to each participant type is described in the
following sections.
Section 03.02.02 Competitor and Vehicle Registration
03.02.02.a Competitor and Vehicle Documentation
1. Each competitor team must declare their competitor type, vehicle type and
vehicle energy source.
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2. Participants associated with a vehicle are competitors and must register as a
group. Individual participants must present the following information:
Proof of identification and age
Proof of medical insurance if a dynamic area ID is to be issued
3. One individual shall be identified as the entrant to represent the vehicle. An
entrant must be a legal adult.
03.02.02.b Dynamic Operations Area Identification
The maximum number of people allowed in the dynamic area for each
competitor team is six. The dynamic area IDs that may be issued are:
Three for vehicle support
Two for drivers
One translator ID may be issued if a driver does not speak English.
These IDs are assigned to people, not the team, and therefore are not
transferrable.
03.02.02.c Drivers
Each competitor team may have a primary and a backup driver. Drivers
and backup drivers must present the following additional information:
• Drivers license
• Racing license (if any)
Drivers are given driver identification. A Driver ID is required to drive in
the Energy Invitational. A Driver ID also gives access to the dynamic area
of the Competition. During Practice or Qualifying, with the approval of the
Driving Instructor, a competitor team may replace the primary driver with
the backup driver.
Section 03.03.00 Technical Inspection
The responsibilities of Technical Inspection are as follows:
1. Verify that required technical inspection documentation is provided and acceptable.
2. Confirm reported vehicle type, propulsion type and energy source as well as the
acceptability of calibration and use measurement procedures for energy.
3. Measure specified vehicle emissions.
4. Conduct technical construction and safety inspections to ascertain that vehicles are
ready to operate in the Energy Invitational.
The restrictions and conditions stated in paragraphs 03.03.00.a – 03.03.00.c shall be
enforced during and after completing Technical Inspection. The inspection procedure
to be used is presented in section 03.03.01. The requirements that must be satisfied
to conduct the inspection are stated in section 03.03.02.
Technical Inspection is not a competitive event. The prerequisite for it is completion of
Competition Registration.
03.03.00.a Vehicle Modification Limitations During Technical Inspection
Once a vehicle is presented for Technical Inspection and until the vehicle
has passed Technical Inspection, the only modifications permitted to it are
those noted on the Technical Inspection Form by technical inspectors.
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03.03.00.b Vehicle Modification Limitations After Completing Technical Inspection
After a vehicle has passed Technical Inspection, the only modifications
permitted to it are as follows:
i. Adjustment to driver control and operation components such as seat,
mirrors and steering.
ii. Adjustment to passenger restraint and seating components
iii. Adjustment to engine operating parameters such as fuel mixture and
ignition timing
iv. Adjustment or replacement of suspension components such as springs,
sway bars and shock absorbers.
v. Adjustment of aerodynamic components. Aerodynamic component
locations may not be changed.
vi. Adjustment to drive train components
vii. Adjustment to brake system components. Worn pads may be changed.
viii. Change of tires
ix. Replenishment of fluids and energy
03.03.00.c Technical Inspection Sticker Removal Criteria
Once a vehicle has received a Technical Inspection sticker, any of the
following circumstances shall cause removal of the sticker and re-
inspection of the vehicle as directed by the Technical Inspection manager:
A change to the vehicle not noted on the Technical Inspection Form by a
technical inspector
Significant physical, mechanical or electrical damage to the vehicle
Failure necessitating repair of the vehicle
Section 03.03.01 Technical Inspection Procedure
1. Vehicles shall be presented for Technical Inspection in finished condition; fully
assembled, complete and ready to run. Final tuning and setup adjustments in
preparation for the Energy Invitational do not have to be complete.
2. Technical inspectors may examine any items they choose to assure safety and
conformance with the rules. The exact procedures and instruments employed for
inspection are entirely at the discretion of the Technical Inspection manager.
3. Decisions of inspectors concerning safety and compliance are final and may not be
appealed.
03.03.01.a Confirm Required Documentation
• Confirm that copies of the following documents are delivered to Technical
Inspection and correctly prepared for use by inspectors:
• Copies of any Rules questions submitted by the vehicle team
• Energy use calibration procedure
• Energy use measurement procedure
Failure to provide any of these required documents to Technical Inspection
may make a vehicle ineligible for Technical Inspection. This will result in
ineligibility for the Energy Invitational.
The energy use calibration procedure must show that the energy use
cannot be a negative value and that energy use will be accurately recorded.
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03.03.01.b Confirm Required Items
A competitor shall bring the following items to Technical Inspection:
• Vehicle
• Floor jack and two wheel chocks
• Tires and rims that will be used in Track Trials
• All drivers with their equipment
03.03.01.c Confirm Vehicle Type
Inspectors shall confirm the vehicle type. If it is incorrect, they shall
correct it and notify Registration officials. Registration will notify the
affected event managers.
03.03.01.d Confirm Propulsion Type and Energy Source
Inspectors shall confirm the propulsion type and energy source. If either is
incorrect, they shall correct it and notify Registration. Registration will
notify the affected event managers.
03.03.01.e Inspect Vehicle Construction
1. Accept vehicles confirmed by technical inspectors to be commercial as in
compliance with construction rules without further inspection.
2. Ensure that vehicles determined by technical inspectors to be non-
commercial pass a Technical Construction Inspection to establish
compliance with the technical requirements presented in section 05.00.00.
a. Prior to the Competition, an inspector approved by the Technical
Inspection manager may perform this inspection. Inspectors licensed
by groups such as BMW Club, NASA, POC, SCCA, VARA, etc. are
preferred. Avoid delay and frustration by getting the inspection done
prior to the Competition and presenting a receipt and a compliance
certification statement from the inspector at the Competition Technical
Inspection.
b. Proof of a satisfactory current annual inspection from a recognized
racing organization such as BMW club, NASA, POC, SCCA, VARA, etc.
approved by the Technical Inspection manager shall satisfy Technical
Construction Inspection requirements for a non-commercial vehicle.
c. At the Competition, inspectors shall perform Technical Construction
Inspection on a “first-come, first-served” basis.
03.03.01.f Inspect Vehicle Safety
Inspect all vehicles to assure compliance with the safety criteria on the
Performance Engineering Competition Technical Inspection Form.
03.03.01.g Conduct Master Switch Tests
1. Confirm that the location, installation and operation of master switches is in
conformance with paragraph 05.02.06.b.
2. Execute the Driver Master Switch Test on all vehicles, and the External
Master Switch Test on non-commercial concept vehicles.
a. Driver Master Switch Test Procedure:
i. Start with the driver in the driver seat and the engine shut off.
ii. Direct the driver to apply the vehicle brakes and start the engine.
iii. Direct the driver to turn the switch off. All vehicle power must be
off except fire extinguisher system, if installed, and brake lights.
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b. External Master Switch Test Procedure:
i. Start with the driver in the driver seat and the engine shut off.
ii. Direct the driver to apply the brakes and start the engine.
iii. Turn the external master switch off. All power must shut off
except the fire extinguisher system, if installed, and brake lights.
03.03.01.h Record Propulsion Type, Energy Source and Emissions
Record propulsion type and energy source for all vehicles. Measure and
record exhaust emissions of all internal combustion engine vehicles.
1. At idle rpm, bring the engine to normal operating temperature.
2. After 30 seconds at 1500 rpm, measure CO2, O2, HC, CO and NO emissions.
3. After 30 seconds at 3000 rpm, measure CO2, O2, HC, CO and NO emissions.
Propulsion Type, Energy Source and Emissions Report
Car Propulsion Energy CO2 O2 HC CO NO
RPM
No. Type Source (%) (%) (PPM) (%) (PPM)
1500
3000
Reference: http://www.dmv.ca.gov/vr/spcns.htm
The foregoing procedure will be repeated in spot-checks after Track Trials.
03.03.01.i Examine Energy Use Measurement Equipment and Procedures
Examine the energy use measurement equipment installed on the vehicle
as well as the calibration procedure and the measurement procedure.
1. It shall not be possible to initialize or stop energy use measurement from the
driver seat or to initialize it to a value other than zero. Negative values are
not allowed.
2. Energy use must be accumulated whenever the engine is running, and
accumulated value must not be lost when power is off.
03.03.01.j Note Deficiencies
If any part of a vehicle does not pass inspection, identify the deficiency and
suggest the corrective action required on the Technical Inspect Form. The
competitor must correct each deficiency and have it re-inspected.
03.03.01.k Award Technical Inspection Sticker
When Technical Inspection of a vehicle is successfully completed, provide a
Technical Inspection sticker to the competitor. The competitor shall place
the sticker on the vehicle.
03.03.01.l Report Values to the Competition Scorekeeper
When Technical Inspection closes on Day 0 and Day 1, and after Track
Trials closes on Day 2, the Technical Inspection manager shall provide a
copy of the Propulsion Type, Energy Source and Emissions report
(03.03.01.h) to The Competition Scorekeeper for the vehicles that passed
Technical Safety Inspection on that day. The Competition Scorekeeper will
calculate and post provisional Fueling Convenience and Emission
Cleanliness scores on the Information kiosk/bulletin board.
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03.03.01.m Pit Lane and Grid Inspection
Additional visual inspections of vehicles may be conducted on grid and in
pit lane. These inspections will be non-intrusive. Items not in compliance
will be noted and the competitor will be directed to Technical Inspection at
the end of their session for additional inspection.
03.03.01.n Impoundment and Inspection
1. At any time after a vehicle has received a Technical Inspection sticker, the
Technical Inspection manager may impound a vehicle and check compliance
with the Rules.
2. In Impound following Track Trials, Rules compliance may be re-inspected,
Emission cleanliness may be re-measured, and energy use measurement
may be re-inspected. Failure to comply with the rules shall result in a zero
Distance Score. Higher emissions values will replace the values measured in
Technical Inspection. Faulty calibration or function of energy use
measurement equipment shall result in a zero Energy Use Economy score.
Section 03.03.02 Technical Inspection Requirements
These requirements are general and pertain to all vehicles that will be operated under
their own power in the Energy Invitational.
03.03.02.a Technical Inspector Qualifications
Technical Inspection of a vehicle shall be done by individuals who are
familiar with the Technical Inspection Procedures and Requirements and
rules pertaining to vehicles. Technical inspectors must also be technically
qualified to determine whether or not a vehicle complies with these rules.
03.03.02.b Technical Inspection Venue
Technical Inspection shall be done in a public, controlled area suitable for
rolling in a vehicle, and disassembling and inspecting it. A Technical
inspector can require that any observer remove themselves from the
immediate area of a vehicle being inspected.
03.03.02.c Technical Inspection Attendance
At least one member of the competitor group associated with a vehicle
must be present while it is being inspected. That competitor must be
capable of answering any questions the inspectors may ask concerning the
vehicle, and able to perform any tasks requested by the inspectors such as
removing panels or jacking up the vehicle.
03.03.02.d Visibility
All items to be inspected shall be clearly visible to technical inspectors.
Visible access can be provided by removing body sections or access covers.
Section 03.04.00 Design Judging
The purpose of the Design Judging event is to assess a competitor’s knowledge of
vehicle design and manufacturing principles, and, considering market demand and
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the competitor's specific design goals, how well that knowledge is reflected in their
vehicle. Considerations and factors such as minimum constraint design, lean
manufacturing, an accurate BOM and lowest standard cost are significant in attaining
winning scores. The competitor demonstrating the best understanding of the design
and the best use of engineering to meet these goals will win the Design Judging event.
The Design Judging event is scheduled on Day 01 of the Competition. The scheduled
judging times and locations are published in the Static Events Schedule. The
prerequisite for Design Judging is completion of Competition registration. It is
preferred that Technical Inspection also be completed.
Conditions necessary to initiate Design Judging are described in paragraphs
03.04.00.a and 03.04.00.b. The procedure for conducting Design Judging is presented
in section 03.04.01. Requirements that must be satisfied to conduct it are presented
in section 03.04.02. The Score Categories associated with Design Judging are: Design
Conception and Design Implementation. Scoring formulas for these categories are
presented section 04.03.00.
03.04.00.a Promptness
At the time a Design Judging session is scheduled to start, all competitors
who will participate should be waiting with the vehicle, ready to enter the
Design Judging area assigned to them. Sessions start on time. Tardiness is
charged to the session time of the competitor.
03.04.00.b Material and Equipment
Competitors must provide all material and equipment that they use to
present the design.
Section 03.04.01 Design Judging Procedure
A Design Judging Session lasts one hour. During a Design Judging session, a competitor
must discuss the design and construction of the vehicle with the judges.
03.04.01.a Setup and Introductions
The first three minutes of a session is allotted to the competitors to set up
their vehicle and any displays they wish to use in the judging area and to
introduce themselves to the judges. Competitors who will give any part of
the design presentation to the judges or who will respond to judges'
questions must be introduced to the judges at the start of the judging
session. Competitors who are part of this group may answer questions
even if they did not present any part of the design
03.04.01.b Summary Presentation
During the next five minutes, the competitor group shall present their
vehicle to the judges, noting design objectives, architecture features and
vehicle structure and capabilities that they believe best represent their
accomplishment.
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03.04.01.c Vehicle Examination, Questions and Discussion
During the next forty minutes, the Design judges shall evaluate the
engineering effort based on the competitor's Design Summary, RD, FD,
DD, Design Specification Sheet, Costed BOM and an inspection of the
vehicle. Judges shall determine whether the design concepts are adequate
and appropriate to satisfy the Rules and the specific design goals
expressed by the Competitor. Judges shall ask the competitor group
questions about the design and the vehicle. The judges may ask whatever
they wish. However, items from the Design Score Sheet, Design
Specification Sheet, Design Summary and Functional and Detailed Design
documents are obvious topics. Only competitors introduced to the judges
may answer questions.
03.04.01.d Vehicle Removal and Judge Conference
The final ten minutes of a Design Judging session shall be used by the
competitor group to remove their vehicle and any display items, and to
leave. It will be used by the judges to confer with each other regarding the
vehicle, to record points to be awarded for each entry in the score sheet
along with pertinent comments, and to turn in the score sheet to the
Design Judging manager.
03.04.01.e Score Sheet Processing
Design Judges shall use the Design Judging Score Sheet posted on the
Competition website to record the points they award a competitor. Score
sheets should be marked with points and comments as responses to
questions are given during the judging. Points and comments may be
adjusted or added during the twelve-minute conference period at the end
of a judging session. Judges in a group may confer only with each other
and the manager when making decisions about points they award. The
Design Judging manager shall collect the score sheets from each judging
group at the end of each judging session.
After Design Judging closes, the Design Judging manager shall use the
procedure and formulas presented in section 04.03.00 to convert the
points given by the judges to a team into a score. The teams' scores shall
then be given to the Competition scorekeeper who shall post them on the
Information kiosk/bulletin board as soon as they are available and notify
the Competition announcer who will announce that they are posted.
03.04.01.f Post-Event Discussion
For one-half hour following the announcement that Design Judging scores
are posted, the Design Judging manager shall be present at Information in
Competition Headquarters to discuss the judging with the competitors.
Section 03.04.02 Design Judging Requirements and Definitions
This section describes requirements for conducting Design Judging.
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03.04.02.a Non-commercial Competitors and Vehicles Only
Only non-commercial competitors with a new, ready-to-run and display
non-commercial vehicle may compete in the Design Judging event. A "new"
design is one that has not previously been entered in a Competition. At a
minimum, the frame must be completely new. Detailed pictures and
documentation of a previous design may be required to substantiate, by
comparison, that a design is new. The judges will not evaluate any vehicle
that is presented at the Design Judging event in an unfinished state.
Unfinished cars that are refused judging will receive zero points for Design
Conception and for Design Implementation.
03.04.02.b Documents
During Competition Preparation, competitors planning to participate in the
Design Judging event must submit three documents: Design Summary,
Design Specification Sheet and a Costed BOM that uses the Competition
standard costs. Templates for the first three documents and a software
application to generate the Costed BOM are available on the Competition
website. To enable use of a uniform Costed BOM by all competitors, the
Competition Standard Cost Table will be locked during the last three days
of the Competition Preparation period; no cost changes will be allowed
after that date. Failure to submit these documents will result in
application of the penalties prescribed in section 02.03.00, increasing to
ineligibility to compete in the Design Judging event.
03.04.02.c Judge Qualifications
Design Judging shall be done by groups of technical professionals who
have in-depth familiarity with system design, construction and function.
Judge groups may be specialized to address design conception or
implementation of specific subsystems. The number of judge groups
employed will depend on the number of competitors to be judged.
03.04.02.d Venue
Design Judging shall be done in semi-private areas suitable for rolling in a
vehicle, disassembling it and inspecting it. The number of areas used must
match the number of judge groups employed.
03.04.02.e Participation
Only judges and members of the competitor group representing the vehicle
being judged may be present in a Design Judging session without special
permission from the Design Judging manager. The manager may elect to
allow a limited number of persons such as the Organizer, sponsors or VIPs
to observe a session. Such observers must be silent and unobtrusive. An
area for spectators should be provided.
03.04.02.f Definitions
BOM Bill of Materials. A Costed BOM includes the standard
cost of each part.
DFMA Design for Manufacture and Assembly. A process in
which parts are designed for ease of manufacture and
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assembly, resulting in lower cost.
Lean Manufacture A methodology for producing goods that emphasizes
elimination of waste and improvement in process flow
with the goal of optimizing cost and quality of goods.
MCD Minimum Constraint Design. A design methodology
emphasizing elimination of redundant constraints in
the attachment of parts. Each part must be
constrained in six degrees of freedom. Additional
constraints can make assembly difficult, force tight
tolerances and increase the manufactured cost.
Standard Cost The item cost posted in the Standard Cost Table on
the Competition website.
Section 03.04.03 Variable Design Judging Format
With the concurrence of the Organizer, the Design Judging manager may elect to
execute Design Judging in one, two or three steps. For a large number of competitors,
a three-step approach is recommended. All three approaches will execute the foregoing
actions, 03.04.01.a - 03.04.01.d on Day 01.
A single-step approach would then declare a winner at the end of Day 01 based on the
single round of judging.
A two-step approach would invite the winning competitor from each judge group to
Design Finals either during the evening of Day 01 or following Track Trials on Day 02.
A three-step approach would invite the top two or three teams from each judge group
to Design Semi-finals on the evening of Day 01. The top three teams from Design
Semi-finals would then compete in Design Finals following Track Trials on Day 02.
Whichever approach is used, it is important that the assessment and grouping of
competitors for judging based on the documentation submitted during Competition
Preparation be accurate so that the top competitors are spread evenly across judge
groups. This will give those top competitors a fair chance of competing against each
other in subsequent rounds of judging to determine the winner.
Section 03.05.00 Business Communication Judging
The purpose of the Business Communication Judging event is to assess the business
communication skills of a competitor. The objective is to deliver a comprehensive
business case that will convince a company that the competitor's vehicle design best
satisfies the demands of the market for which it is intended and that it will sell
profitably. Although the presentation must relate to the vehicle entered in the
Competition, only the quality of the business communications will be judged; the
quality of the vehicle and the design are not relevant.
The Business Communication Judging event is scheduled on Day 01 of the
Competition. The scheduled judging times and locations are published in the Static
Events Schedule. The prerequisite for Business Communication Judging is completion
of Competition Registration.
The Judges should be treated as if they were executives of a company interested in
purchasing the concept design. Competitors should assume that the executives
represent different areas of that company, including: engineering, production,
marketing and finance.
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The score category associated with Business Communication Judging is Business
Communication. The formula for Business Communication scoring is presented in
section 04.04.00. Competitors are evaluated on the quality of: the content,
organization and delivery of the presentation; the visual aids used; and the responses
to questions.
03.05.00.a Promptness
All competitors in a presentation group who will give any part of the
presentation or who will respond to the judges' questions should be
assembled and waiting to enter the assigned judging area at the scheduled
time for the Presentation Judging session. Sessions start on time. Any
tardiness will be charged to the competitor session time.
03.05.00.b Equipment
Competitors must provide all material and equipment they use. Electrical
power is provided, but neither a display stand nor a power strip, computer,
projection equipment projection screen is.
Section 03.05.01 Business Communication Judging Procedure
A Business Communication Judging session lasts thirty minutes. A group of
competitors representing a vehicle will present a business case to a group of judges.
Each judge shall award points to the team for five evaluation criteria. Judges shall
evaluate only the quality of a presentation. The quality of the design and the vehicle
being presented shall not be judged.
03.05.01.a Setup and Introductions
The first five minutes of a judging session is allotted to the presenting
group of competitors to set up any equipment they will use and to
introduce themselves to the judges. All competitors who will present and
answer questions must be introduced. Competitors who have been
introduced may answer the judges' questions even if they did not speak
during the presentation.
03.05.01.b Presentation
During the next ten minutes, the competitor shall present a business
proposal for sale of the design. A presentation may last less than ten
minutes. The judges shall stop a presentation exceeding ten minutes. One
or more presenters may participate in presenting the business proposal to
the judges. A presentation shall not be interrupted by questions.
03.05.01.c Question and Answer Period
Immediately following the presentation there shall be a period for
questions lasting up to five minutes. Only judges may ask questions. Only
competitors who were introduced to the judges as part of the presentation
group may answer the judges' questions.
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03.05.01.d Exit and Judge Conference
The final ten minutes of a judging session shall be used by the
presentation group to remove any equipment they used and to leave. It will
be used by the judges to confer with each other regarding the presentation,
to record points awarded and to turn in score sheets.
03.05.01.e Score Sheet Processing
The Business Communication Judging Score Sheet posted on the
Competition website shall be used by the judges to record points. After
Business Communication Judging closes, the manager shall use the
procedure and formula presented in section 04.04.00 to convert the points
given by judges to competitors into scores. The team scores shall then be
given to the Competition scorekeeper who shall post them on the
Information kiosk/bulletin board and notify the Competition Announcer
that they are available. The Announcer will announce that the Business
Communications scores are posted.
03.05.01.f Discussion
For one-half hour following announcement that Business Communications
Judging scores are posted, the Business Communications Judging
manager shall be present at Information in Competition Headquarters to
discuss the judging with competitors.
Section 03.05.02 Business Communication Judging Requirements
03.05.02.a Non-commercial Competitors Only
Only non-commercial competitors may compete in the Business
Communication Judging event. Competitors without a vehicle may
compete in the event and will receive a score.
03.05.02.b Judges
Judging is done by groups of two to five judges who hypothetically
represent a company interested in purchasing the vehicle concept design
being presented. The number of judging groups employed depends on the
number of competitors.
03.05.02.c Venue
Judging is done in semi-private areas suitable for a business meeting. The
number of areas used must match the number of judge groups employed.
03.05.02.d Participants
Only judges and presenting competitors may attend a Business
Communications Judging session without special permission from the
Business Communication manager. The manager may elect to allow a
limited number of persons such as the Organizer, sponsors or VIPs to
observe a session. Under these circumstances, observers must be
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unobtrusive. A spectator area is desirable and will be provided if space is
available.
Section 03.06.00 Energy Invitational
The purpose of the Energy Invitational is to determine which vehicle can go the
farthest on the least energy cost in an hour. On-course sessions include Practice,
Qualifying and Track Trails. Data for two Score Categories, Energy Use Economy and
Distance, is collected during Track Trials.
The sequence of Energy Invitational activities starts with a Drivers Meeting which
must be conducted prior to any vehicle operation on track. At the Drivers Meeting,
officials are introduced and safety, rules, meaning of flags, procedures, and vehicle
operation on course are discussed. Practice and Qualifying will be during the morning
of Day 2, and Track Trials will be in the afternoon. All activities in the sequence
preceding Track Trials are mandatory. The Chief Driving Instructor must approve
advancement of drivers and vehicles from one activity to the next.
A vehicle must have a Technical Inspection sticker (see 03.03.01.k) to enter the course.
The physical layout for the Energy Invitational is described in section 03.06.01.
Course operation is described in section 03.06.02. Three Energy Invitational activities,
Practice, Qualifying and Track Trials, are described in sections 03.06.03 – 03.06.05.
Throughout this 03.06.00 section and its subsections, “event” shall refer to all the
Energy Invitational activities.
Section 03.06.01 Course Physical Layout
The essential physical layout consists of a road race course and associated features.
03.06.01.a Associated Features
Essential features associated with but not part of the course are as follows.
1. Paddocks
The paddocks are an area separate from the course reserved for parking and
working on registered vehicles. It is a “cold” area and is open to spectators.
2. Pit Lane (Pits)
Pit lane is a hot area from which vehicles enter the course during Practice
and Qualifying, and where vehicles can be temporarily parked and worked
on.
3. Grid
The grid is a hot area where vehicles preparing to enter the course for Track
Trials are assembled in correct sequence and checked for final readiness.
The following rules apply:
a. Only vehicles preparing to enter the course may be on grid.
b. No vehicle shall carry passengers other than driver instructors on grid.
c. No tire-warmers are permitted on grid.
d. Vehicles on grid may not be jacked or lifted without specific permission
from the Chief Steward.
e. No vehicle may be push-started on grid without specific permission
from the Grid Chief.
4. Impound
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Impound is an area where vehicles can be held and inspected for compliance
with rules. Impound is a cold area and therefore open to spectators unless
otherwise indicated by impound workers.
03.06.01.b Course Description
1. Primary course elements are:
a. A closed circuit road
b. A circuit entrance lane beginning with a course start line that feeds
into the circuit
c. A circuit exit lane leading from the circuit that is terminated in a
course finish line
2. The official length of the course and the circuit shall be measured along the
centerline of the road.
3. The course start line, course finish line and circuit start/finish line must be
clearly marked and described during the Drivers Meeting.
4. The grid must connect to the course entrance lane. Pit lane must connect to
both the course entrance and the course exit lanes. Impound must connect
to pit lane and the course exit lane. It should be possible to easily hand-
push a vehicle from the course finish line to impound.
5. Energy use is measured from the course start to the course finish line.
Session time and distance are measured from the lap start/finish line on the
closed circuit track.
03.06.01.c Circuit Description
The word “circuit” refers to the closed circuit road on which laps are run.
The circuit shall include the following features:
A transponder sensing lap start/finish line
A forced idle section
A timed acceleration section
A timed high-speed section
Other circuit features shall include: sweeping turns, linked, tight turns, off
camber turns and a clearly marked passing zone at each corner station.
03.06.01.d Forced Idle Section Description
The forced idle section of the circuit simulates stop and go traffic. Its
location will be shown on the course map. It is active during Practice,
Qualifying and Track Trials. A schematic illustration of the forced idle
section is presented in appendix B.
The forced idle section consists of from one to four lanes, depending on the
road width, with four stop gates in each lane. A red/green lane light set
located at the approach to the gates indicates which lane a vehicle should
enter, starting with lane 1. Each stop gate has a red/green gate light set in
each lane. The stop gate lights are separated from each other by twenty
feet. A stop gate is defined as the twenty-foot-long area preceding a stop
gate light set. Sensors to detect vehicle arrival and departure accompany
the lane lights and the stop gate lights. Vehicle stop time at each gate is
electronically controlled to give an average single stop time of five seconds
with a total stop time of fifteen seconds. When all gates are empty, lane
light 1 is green. All other lights are red. The first vehicle in will stop at the
gate 1 stop line and wait for a green light. When lane 1 fills up, the lane 1
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light will turn red and the lane 2 light will turn green. The following
example describes how the gates work.
With a vehicle in gate 1 of lane 1, the arrival of a second vehicle at gate 1 will
trigger a “Go” from gate 1 to gate 2 for vehicle 1. The unfinished time for
vehicle 1 in gate 1 will be transferred to gate 4. Unfinished time from gates 2
and 3 due to arrival of a vehicle at gate 1 is also transferred to gate 4.
After gate 1, time in gate is measured from “Go” at the previous gate.
If a vehicle spends a full five seconds in gates 1 and 2, the gate 3 light will be
green and the gate 3 time will be transferred to gate 4.
The pattern for lane 1 is repeated in other lanes.
Vehicles not exiting a gate within three seconds of a “Go” shall be penalized
five seconds.
Violation of a red gate light shall be black flagged.
Course control shall limit the number of vehicles on course as necessary to
prevent unplanned delays at the forced idle section due to bunching.
03.06.01.e Acceleration Section Description
The acceleration section simulates a freeway on ramp. It tests the
acceleration capability of a vehicle. The location will be shown on the
course map.
The acceleration section is one-eighth mile long. Timing lights are placed
at the start and the end of it. The lights are marked by double pylons on
each side of the track surface adjacent to the timing lights. To qualify, a
vehicle must complete the one-eighth mile in ten seconds or less. Vehicles
that fail may be disqualified from entry into Time Trials.
03.06.01.f High-Speed Section Description
The high-speed section simulates unhindered freeway driving. It tests the
ability of a vehicle to sustain freeway speed over a distance. The location
will be shown on the course map.
The high-speed section is a quarter mile long. Time lights are placed at the
beginning and the end of it. The lights are marked by double pylons on
each side of the track adjacent to the timing lights. To qualify, a vehicle
must complete the quarter mile with an average speed of at least 70 mph,
i.e. 12.8 seconds. Vehicles that fail to do so may be disqualified from entry
into time trials.
Section 03.06.02 Course Operation
1. It is the duty of each competitor to satisfy the Inspectors and Stewards that their car
complies with the entire regulation set at all times during the event.
2. Any vehicle which is deemed to be dangerous may be excluded by the Stewards of the
event, at any time.
3. Vehicles shall not be allowed on course unless both the vehicle and occupants conform
fully to all safety requirements.
a. Occupants must wear safety equipment and a restraint system. The same safety
equipment and restraint systems are required for passengers as for drivers.
i. For commercial and modified commercial vehicles, a helmet and a three-point
restraint system are required. If, in the judgment of the Chief Technical and
Safety Inspector, changes made to a modified commercial vehicle warrant it, a
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five-point restraint system specified in 05.03.01.i and safety equipment
specified in 05.03.02 may required.
ii. For concept vehicles, at least a five-point restraint system and the safety
equipment are required.
4. Normally, vehicles shall be operated on course without passengers. The following
exceptions require the approval and oversight of the Chief Steward, Safety Steward and
Chief Driving Instructor. The approval of all three is required.
a. An instructor may accompany a driver during Practice.
b. Tours of the course for any Competition participant may be given when the course is
not hot. Tours must not exceed speeds that would be reasonable, prudent and legal
if the course were a public highway.
03.06.02.a Course Leadership and Workers
1. Leaders
a. The following leaders are required:
Chief Steward
Safety Steward
Black Flag
Chief Technical and Safety Inspector
Chief Driving Instructor
b. The following leaders may be assigned as needed:
Event Chairperson (Organizer)
Worker Chief (Competition Registrar)
Chief of Timing and Scoring
Chief of Impound
Chief Registrar (Registers competitors – Competition Registrar)
Chief of Sound Control
There shall be no plurality of duties for the Safety Steward or Chief
Driving Instructor. Each of these officials may have assistants to whom
any of their duties may be delegated.
2. Workers
a. The following workers are required:
Technical inspectors
Grid workers
Workers to staff each flag or observation station
Workers to control as well as to direct drivers on course and
communicate with drivers in the pits
Track emergency services
Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs)
b. Any worker is considered an official.
c. Except for Emergency services and EMTs, drivers not on track may be
used as workers.
03.06.02.b Number of Sessions, Session Start Time and Length, and Session Assignment
Practice, Qualifying and Track Trials may all run in one or more sessions.
The number of sessions shall be determined by the Safety Steward based
on the number of vehicles and the performance difference between
vehicles. The overtaking speed difference between vehicles in the same
session shall not be judged excessive by the Safety Steward. The number
of vehicles on course at the same time shall be controlled to suit course
conditions and congestion.
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All vehicles shall be given a fixed minimum of session time. Time length of
sessions shall be determined by the Chief Steward with input from the
Safety Steward. It shall be based on the available time and the number of
vehicles to be run.
The number of sessions, session start time and length, and assignment of
vehicles to sessions will be posted on the Information kiosk/bulletin board.
03.06.02.c On-Course Emergency Procedures
1. When the course is marked with chalk, the chalk line is the course
boundary; otherwise, the edge of the track surface is the course
boundary.
2. Whenever a vehicle leaves the course with all four wheels it shall be
black-flagged.
3. During an event, it is expressly forbidden to drive or tow a vehicle at
any time or under any conditions in a direction opposite to that in
which the event is being run without the specific approval of the Chief
Steward. Infraction of this rule may mean immediate disqualification.
4. If for any reason a driver is forced to stop a vehicle on the course
during an event, it is the driver’s first duty to place the vehicle so as
to cause no danger or obstruction to other competitors.
5. Vehicles may not be pushed or moved under power of the starting
device while on the course, except to remove them from a hazardous
position to one of greater safety.
6. Drivers may obtain no assistance during a session other than in the
pits from their crews. This does not preclude assistance by officials
for safety reasons. Assistance on-course shall result in a DNF score.
03.06.02.d Flags
The following flags may be used:
Color Meaning
Clear the circuit for emergency vehicle traffic by stopping
off course to the right or as far to the right as
Red
circumstances permit. Stay in the vehicle with safety
equipment on. Do not move until directed by an official.
Green The course is clear.
Yellow, Standing Take care. Danger; slow down. No Passing.
Yellow, Waved Great danger; slow down, be prepared to stop. No Passing.
Surface Flag. Take care. A condition exists on the track
Yellow With
surface which cannot be corrected in a reasonable time
Vertical Red
during which competition is halted. No re-run will be
Stripes
granted when a surface flag is displayed.
Return to the pits immediately and see an official for
Black
instructions.
Black With Orange Meatball. You appear to have a mechanical problem.
Dot Continue offline and cautiously proceed back to the pits.
You have completed your run. Slow and pull off the
Checkered
course into the assigned area. This flag is optional with
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Color Meaning
the Event Steward and may be replaced by a prominent
sign, preferably a banner across the course, indicating the
finish line.
Another competitor is following you, you should give way
at the next designated passing zone by moving to the
right, and taking action as defined by the event officials to
allow a safe pass before the end of the passing zone.
Blue With
Passing flags shall be obeyed. Passing without a passing
Diagonal Yellow
flag is not allowed. All designated passing zones shall be
Stripe, Motionless
clearly marked on both ends by rubber pylons. Overtaking
drivers should be allowed to pass at the first passing
zone. The designated passing zones shall be specified at
the mandatory drivers’ meeting.
03.06.02.e Drivers Meeting
1. There shall be a drivers’ meeting each day of the event. Driver IDs will be
issued at the meeting. Drivers who arrive late or do not attend may not be
permitted to operate a competition vehicle within the Competition venue.
2. At each meeting a Steward must cover at least the following:
The meaning of flag signals and flagging procedures
A description of the course including:
- The specific location of flags around the circuit
- The location of the black flag station and where to report if black
flagged
- Designated passing zones and passing procedures
- Forced idle zone
- Acceleration zone
- High-speed zone
Pylon rules
Any other Rules of the Road, Track Trials requirements or
supplementary regulations
Penalty procedures for violation of rules. Penalties for violation of rules
may be disqualification or other appropriate penalties such as the
Stewards may devise. Repeated or flagrant violations and illegal
passing shall result in disqualification.
3. Definitions:
a. Paddocks – The term paddocks is defined in 03.06.01. It is the area
reserved for the parking of or working on participating vehicles. It is a
“cold” area and, as such, is open to spectators.
b. Pit Lane – Pit lane is defined in 03.06.01. It is a “hot” area accessible
and adjacent to the circuit where vehicles can be temporarily parked
and worked on. There must be a protective barrier between pit lane and
the area where support equipment and crews are located. Access to pit
lane is restricted to allow only individuals with dynamic area IDs.
c. Black Flag (Penalty) Box - The area designated in pit lane where a
competitor is to stop for consultation with event officials. The location
of the black flag box will be identified at the drivers meeting.
d. Stage Lane - The area in pit lane where vehicles line up to wait to be
released to the course.
e. Release Point - The point in pit lane at which a pit lane official holds a
vehicle while waiting for the track to clear. The point from which a
vehicle will be released by a pit lane official when the course is clear.
f. Grid - Grid shall be defined as the area where vehicles are assembled
in the correct sequence and readied for the start of the Track Trials.
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This area shall be a “hot” area by definition and personnel access shall
be restricted as such.
g. Circuit Start/Finish Line - This is the transponder line. "Time on
Course” starts and stops here. This is the line where the “green” start
flag and the “checkered” finish flag are shown by the starter at the start
and end of a session. Other flags, including black flags, are shown here
during a session. Time on course is measured at this line. Energy is
measured from the Course Start Line to the Course Finish Line.
h. Course Start Line - This is the same as the Release Point. This is the
line where fuel measurement starts in Track Trials.
i. Course Finish Line - This is the line near impound where fuel
measurement stops. It is marked by double pylons on either side of the
exit lane.
j. Impound - The area near the exit of the course where vehicles are
stopped at the end of the Track Trials to have their energy use
recorded. In this area, competitors will be able to review other
competitors’ vehicles.
k. Passing Zones - Passing zones are designated by pylons at each end of
the passing zone. Passing is not permitted except between the passing
zone pylons. Passing anywhere else on the track will result in an
immediate black flag.
l. Pylon penalties – During Practice, pylon penalties may result in a
required discussion with the Chief Driving Instructor or the Safety
Steward and could result in disqualification for advancement to
Qualifying. During Qualifying, for an acceleration time or high-speed
time to count, it must not be accompanied by a pylon penalty.
m. During Track Trails, each pylon penalty will result in loss of two
seconds at the vehicles average event speed. (See 04.06.02.b)
i. The “Down or Out” rule will be used to determine course marker
displacement.
ii. A clearly visible line around the base will mark the location of
each pylon.
iii. The inner edge of the line will be used to describe the outer edge
of the pylon base as accurately as possible and this inner edge
will be the penalty limit. If the pylon is upset or totally displaced
outside, a two-second penalty limit will be assessed. The diagram
provided herein should help clarify situations in which penalties
should and should not be assessed.
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03.06.02.f Driving Instruction
During Practice and Qualifying, the Driving Instructor and Observers shall
observe the skill level and performance of drivers. Drivers needing
instruction before advancing from Practice to Qualifying or from Qualifying
to Track Trials may be given it within the event schedule time available.
03.06.02.g Session Overview
1. A vehicle will proceed out the entry lane and do a partial lap around the
circuit to the circuit start/finish line where, when the starter shows a green
flag, the laps start. At the end of a session, the Starter will show a checkered
flag as the vehicle approaches the lap start/finish line. The vehicle will then
proceed around the circuit to the exit lane and leave the course.
2. Once a vehicle enters the course, a run is considered to be started even
though the circuit start/finish line has not been crossed.
3. A false start occurs when a vehicle enters the course before being instructed
to do so, or when a vehicle crosses the circuit start/finish line before being
instructed to do so by the starter or by a visual indicator. The penalty for a
false start shall be a black flag and a “Did Not Finish” (DNF).
4. Vehicles shall not be given an additional run to break tied Qualifying times,
Track Trials distance or energy use economy amount. Rules for breaking tied
Qualifying times are given in appendix F, Grid Rules. Rules for breaking tied
Track Trials energy use and distance are given in section 04.05.02.b and
04.06.02.d, respectively.
5. Reruns shall not be given for mechanical or driver reasons. Once a vehicle
enters the course, the run shall be counted unless the course is red-flagged.
6. Provisional results shall be made available to drivers as soon as possible.
03.06.02.h Session Preparation
1. Vehicles should arrive in pit lane for Practice and Qualifying and in grid for
Track Trials not later than five minutes prior to their session start time.
2. For each vehicle, pit lane officials or grid workers shall:
a. Confirm Technical Inspection sticker
b. Confirm qualification and registration for the session
c. Confirm that vehicle and driver are ready to enter the course: helmet
on and fastened, restraint system fastened, windows down, doors
latched.
d. For Track Trials only, place the vehicle in the correct run sequence
e. For Track Trials only, confirm that energy use measurement is
activated
3. Vehicles shall be in position and the crew clear at the one minute warning.
4. For Qualifying and Track Trials, vehicles not in position prior to the one
minute warning shall relinquish their position and start at the back of the
session.
03.06.02.i Engine Startup and Release to the Course
A vehicle shall approach the course start line under its own power.
Vehicles will be released to the course one at a time with adequate
separation between vehicles.
03.06.02.j Session Start
A session time and lap count starts when a vehicle first crosses the closed-
circuit lap start/finish line after the Starter shows a green flag.
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03.06.02.k Session End
A session timing and lap count ends after allotted time has elapse and the
Starter shows a checkered flag.
03.06.02.l Unassisted Operation
During Track Trials vehicle must operate under its own power from course
start line to course finish line. Vehicles requiring other power shall be
scored “DNF.”
Section 03.06.03 Practice
Practice gives competitors opportunity to test the operation of their vehicles and to
refresh their driving skill. Practice is not a competitive activity. The prerequisite for
Practice is successful completion of Technical Inspection.
All Energy Invitational competitors must take at least one practice lap. The Chief
Steward may waive this requirement.
03.06.03.a Run Sequence
Session run sequence is first come, first served.
03.06.03.b Information Recorded
The following shall be recorded for each vehicle:
• Rules infractions
• Maximum sound level measurement.
Drivers with rules infractions or with sound levels exceeding 82 dBA shall
be notified. The Safety Steward may have a vehicle black-flagged for
dangerous driving or particularly offensive sound level.
3.06.03.c Advancement
Drivers judged by the Driving Instructor or the Safety Steward to be not
qualified to operate a vehicle on the course shall not be advanced to
Qualifying.
Section 03.06.04 Qualifying
The purpose of Qualifying is to ensure that vehicles meet the performance
criteria in acceleration, sustained speed, handling and sound level
required to run in Track Trials and to determine their run order there. The
prerequisite for Qualifying is successful completion of Practice.
03.06.04.a Run Sequence
Session run sequence is first come, first served unless modified by the
Safety Steward for safety reasons.
03.06.04.b Information Recorded
The following shall be recorded for each vehicle:
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• Rules infractions
• Maximum sound-level measurement.
• Fastest time for a standing start, eighth-mile acceleration
• Fastest sustained speed over a quarter-mile
• Fastest lap time
Drivers with rules infractions or with sound levels exceeding 82 dBA shall
be notified. The Safety Steward may have a vehicle black-flagged for
dangerous driving or offensive sound level.
If a transponder fails, the competitor shall be black-flagged.
Sessions disrupted by display of a red flag shall normally entitle drivers on
the circuit who have not completed a qualifying lap to a re-run.
The fastest lap shall determine vehicle run-sequence in Track Trials.
03.06.04.c Advancement
Drivers judged by the Driving Instructor or the Safety Steward to be not
qualified to operate a vehicle in Track Trials shall not be advanced.
To qualify to run in Track Trials, a vehicle shall:
• Do the standing-start, eighth mile acceleration in ten seconds or less.
• Do the high-speed quarter mile in 12.8 sec. or less (average speed 70 mph).
• Do not incur a sound level violation.
Section 03.06.05 Track Trials
Track Trials shall, under simulated highway driving conditions, enable the durability
and functional dynamic performance of a vehicle to be demonstrated and evaluated.
The capabilities to be assessed are: acceleration, maneuverability, energy use economy
and speed. Track Trials is a competitive activity. The score categories associated with
it are Distance traveled and Energy Use Economy. Formulas for scoring these
categories are presented in sections 04.05.00 and 04.06.00.
The Track Trials goal is to run the greatest distance in sixty minutes on the least
energy cost per mile.
If a transponder fails, the competitor shall be black-flagged.
If the course is red-flagged before thirty minutes has passed, Track Trials will be
restarted. If the course is red-flagged after thirty minutes has passed, Track Trials will
be ended. Energy use economy and distance categories will be scored on the time
elapsed.
03.06.05.a Run Sequence
Run sequence is determined by the lowest elapsed time lap for each vehicle
during Qualifying. The vehicle with the lowest elapsed time lap shall run
first.
03.06.05.b Session Execution
Session timing and distance recording shall start for each vehicle when it
crosses the lap start/finish line under a green flag. A session shall end for
each vehicle when sixty minutes on circuit has passed. Vehicles running
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more than 25% slower than the fastest vehicle in a session shall be black-
flagged, removed from the session and scored DNF. Vehicles unable to
complete a session shall be scored DNF.
03.06.05.c Session End
All vehicles on the circuit shall cross the lap start/finish line and then
proceed around circuit to the course exit.
Timing and Scoring shall measure and record the time duration between
session-end and the time each vehicle crosses the lap start/finish line.
03.06.05.d Post Session
All vehicles must cross the course finish line at the end of the course exit
lane under their own power. Vehicles that do not shall be given a zero
energy use score. After crossing the course finish line, vehicles shall go
immediately to impound. Vehicles that do not go immediately to impound
shall be given a DNF score for energy use. Impound shall observe energy
use measurement by the competitors and record the energy used by each
vehicle. A report of energy type and use shall be delivered to the
Competition Scorekeeper. Impound may also selectively disassemble and
inspect vehicles for Rules compliance.
03.06.05.e Timing Information
During Track Trials, Timing shall record the following information for each
vehicle:
• Rules infractions.
• Acceleration section elapsed time each lap
• High-speed section elapsed time each lap
• Number of laps completed and time to complete each lap, measured from the
lap start line after the starter gives a green flag to the lap finish line after the
Starter gives a checkered flag.
• Energy use, measured from the course start to the course finish line.
• Maximum sound-level measurement.
At the end of Track Trials, Timing and Scoring will deliver a report of this
information to the Competition Scorekeeper.
Section 03.07.00 Competition Scoring
The purpose of Competition Scoring is to determine the winning competitor for each
score category and for the Competition overall.
03.07.00.a Process
As each activity that produces scoring data is completed, the data from it
is submitted to the Competition Scorekeeper. From that data, the
Scorekeeper computes and posts a score for each score category for each
competitor and a ranked list of competitors' scores in that category.
Following receipt of the scoring data from Track Trials, the Competition
Scorekeeper computes and posts a ranked total score list for the
Competition.
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03.07.00.b Scoring Formulas and Points
For each score category, scoring formulas and points awarded are
described in section 04.00.00.
The total Competition Score is calculated by adding any penalty score from
Technical Inspection to the sum of the category scores for each competitor.
Section 03.08.00 Awards Ceremony
The purpose of the Awards Ceremony is to present awards to the overall winners of
the Competition as well as to the winners of score categories. The prerequisite for the
Award Ceremony is compilation of all the scores.
03.08.00.a Venue
The awards ceremony is held in a public area big enough to accommodate
all the competitors and workers who participated in the Competition.
03.08.00.b Winners
Awards should be given to the first, second and third place overall winners
of the Competition and to the first place winners of each score category.
Fourth through tenth place winners of the overall Competition and first,
second and third place winners of each score category should be
recognized. For Time Trials, two sets of awards are given: one for the
commercial vehicle type, and the other for the non-commercial type.
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Section 04.00.00 Scoring Procedures and Formulas
04.00.00.a Competitive Events and Score Categories
Points are distributed among four events and seven score categories.
Event Score Category
Fueling convenience
Technical Inspection
Emission cleanliness
Design conception
Design Judging
Design implementation
Business Communication Judging Business communication
Energy use economy
Track Trials
Distance
Scoring algorithms for each category are presented in subsequent sections.
04.00.00.b Maximum Points
A perfect score for the Competition is 1000 points. In each score category,
the basis for score and maximum points are:
Score Category Basis for Score Max Points
Fueling Convenience Propulsion type 025
Emission Cleanliness Propulsion type, Emission report 100
Functional Design quality 050
Design Conception
Judge assessment of knowledge 115
Detailed Design quality 050
Design Implementation Judge assessment of knowledge 135
Lowest standard cost 100
Business Communication Judge assessment of quality 100
Energy Use Economy Measurement during event 175
Distance Measurement during event 150
Section 04.01.00 Fueling Convenience Score
Competitors that do not submit a vehicle to Technical Inspection shall receive a zero
Fueling Convenience score.
Section 04.01.01 Fueling Convenience Scoring Procedure
The Scorekeeper shall use the table shown in section 04.01.02 to award Fueling
Convenience scores based on the Propulsion Type reported by Technical Inspection.
Section 04.01.02 Fueling Convenience Scoring Formula
04.01.02.a Scores
Determine fueling convenience scores from energy source as follows:
Energy Source Identifier Score
Ethanol AlE
Methanol AlM
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Energy Source Identifier Score
E85 E85 25
Compressed natural gas CNG 10
Liquid propane gas LPG 10
Hydrogen (fuel cell) H2 5
Diesel fuel D 25
Gasoline G 25
Electricity E 15
Gasoline/Electricity GE 15
04.01.02.b Score Rationale
Fluid petroleum fuel for internal combustion engines is readily available
and fueling is fast and easy.
Although electricity is readily available and easy to use, batteries have a
long recharging time.
Hydrogen for fuel cells is not readily available. Although recharging time is
faster than electrical, it is neither as fast nor as easy to use as petroleum.
Submit requests for changes to Fueling Convenience scoring to the Rules
Committee via the Competition website.
Section 04.02.00 Emission Cleanliness Score
Section 04.02.01 Emission Cleanliness Scoring Procedure
The Competition Scorekeeper shall use the formula given in section 04.02.02 to award
an Emission Cleanliness score to a competitor based on Propulsion Type and the five
emission values from the California Smog Check Vehicle Inspection Report.
Section 04.02.02 Emission Cleanliness Scoring Formula
The Emission Cleanliness Score formula is:
Emission Cleanliness Score = Base * Emissions
The Base value is determined from Propulsion Type:
Propulsion Type Base
Fuel Cell 100
Electric 080
Hybrid 075
Internal Combustion 070
For vehicles with an electric or fuel cell Propulsion Type, assign an Emissions value of
1. For other vehicles, calculate Emissions from the measured values for CO2, O2, HC,
CO, and NO on the California Smog Check Vehicle Inspection Report at 25mph.
Emissions = (1/2) * ( (CO2Lowest)/(CO2Competitor)
+ (O2Lowest)/(O2Competitor) + (HCLowest)/(HCCompetitor)
+ (COLowest)/(COCompetitor) + (NOLowest/(NOCompetitor) )
Section 04.03.00 Design Score
Competitors that fail to appear for their Design Judging session during their assigned
time shall receive a zero score for both Design Conception and Design Implementation.
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If a competitor does not use Regeneration, multiply their Design Conception score by
1.0714, and multiply their Design Implementation score by 1.0632.
Section 04.03.01 Design Scoring Procedure
This procedure, performed by the Design Judging manager, generates scores for:
Design Implementation, Design Conception and Lowest Standard Cost. Use Microsoft
Excel to perform it. An Excel workbook separate from the Microsoft Word document
used to generate the Design Judging Score Sheets is provided for this purpose.
The vehicle standard cost and the raw points awarded for Design Conception and
Design Implementation are recorded on the Design Score Sheet. Scores are computed
from these values.
1. Raw Points
2. Within a judge group, average the points awarded by the judges for each criteria to each
competitor. Based on those point averages, Excel will compute Design Conception and
Design Implementation raw point totals for the competitor being scored.
3. Average Raw Points
4. Compute the average Design Conception and Design Implementation raw points totals for
each judge group and for all competitors combined. If the average raw point total of any
judge group is significantly lower or higher than the overall average, the manager may
normalize the raw points totals for the judge groups.
5. Score Computation
6. Using the scoring formulas presented in section 04.03.02, compute the Standard Cost,
Design Conception and Design Implementation scores for each team.
7. Add the Design penalties to the Conception and Implementation scores to get a Design
score.
Save the score sheets and the Excel workbook in which the scoring calculations are
performed, and turn them in to the Competition Scorekeeper. Transfer the Excel
workbook containing the computed scores to the Scorekeeper electronically.
Section 04.03.02 Design Scoring Formulas
A maximum of 450 points are available from the Design Event score categories:
Score Category Max Points
Design Conception = 165
Design Implementation = 185
Lowest Standard Cost = 100
04.03.02.a Design Conception
The Design Conception score is the value resulting when the Design
Judging manager has finished averaging and normalizing the raw points.
04.03.02.b Design Implementation
The Design Implementation score is the value resulting when the Design
Judging manager has finished averaging and normalizing the raw points.
04.03.02.c Lowest Standard Cost
The Lowest Standard Cost formula is:
Score = 100 * ( (Pmax/Pyour) -1) / ( (Pmax/Pmin) -1) - Penalty
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Where:
Pmax = the adjusted cost of the highest cost vehicle in dollars
Pmin = the adjusted cost of the lowest cost vehicle in dollars
Pyour = the adjusted cost of your vehicle in dollars
Penalty = points lost for late submission of documents
Section 04.04.00 Business Communication Score
Competitors that fail to attend their Business Communications Judging session
during their assigned time shall receive a zero score for Business Communication.
Section 04.04.01 Business Communication Scoring Procedure
This procedure is to be performed by the Business Communication Judging manager.
Use Microsoft Excel to perform it.
1. Raw Points
Within each judging group, average the points awarded by the judges for each criteria to
each presenting competitor. Then compute a raw points total for each competitor.
2. Average Raw Points
Compute the average raw points total awarded by each Judge group and for all
competitors combined. If the average raw points total of any judge group is significantly
lower or higher than the overall average, the manager may elect to normalize the raw
points totals for the judge groups.
3. Score Calculation
Using the scoring formula presented in the following section 04.04.02, compute the
Business Communications score for each team. Add any penalties received by a team to
that score.
Save the score sheets and the Excel workbook in which the scoring calculations are
performed, and turn them in to the Competition Scorekeeper. Transfer the Excel
workbook containing the computed scores to the Scorekeeper electronically.
Section 04.04.02 Business Communication Scoring Formula
There is a maximum of 100 points available for Business Communication Scoring.
The Business Communication scoring formula is:
Business Communication Score = 100 * (Pyour) / (Pmax)
Where:
Pmax = the highest number of points awarded to any competitor
Pyour = the number of points awarded to the competitor being scored
The resulting Business Communications scores should range between 0 and 100 and
have good separation.
Section 04.05.00 Energy Use Economy Score
Section 04.05.01 Energy Use Economy Scoring Procedure
Vehicles that do not complete Track Trials or that do not have an approved means for
measuring energy consumption shall be given a zero Energy Use Economy score.
Use the following procedure to score Energy Use Economy.
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04.05.01.a Data Acquisition Activation
Prior to start of a Track Trials session, grid workers will check that data
acquisition is activated on each vehicle.
04.05.01.b Energy Consumption Recording
At the end of a Track Trials session, each competitor that finished shall
read the energy used by their vehicle. An impound worker shall observe
the reading and record the value. The energy used by vehicles that do not
enter or do not finish Track Trials shall be recorded as DNF.
04.05.01.c Energy Use Reporting
Following the end of Track Trials, impound shall deliver an Energy Use
report to the Competition Scorekeeper giving the type and quantity of
energy used for each vehicle.
04.05.01.d Energy Use Economy Scoring
On receipt of the Energy Use Report from Impound, the Competition
Scorekeeper shall use the formulas given in section 04.05.02 to compute
an Energy Use Economy Score for each competitor, post a report of these
scores on the Information kiosk/bulletin board in Competition
Headquarters, and notify the Competition Announcer that the scores are
posted so an announcement can be made.
04.05.01.e Energy Use Economy Score Discussion
For one-half hour following the announcement, the Chief of Impound shall
be available in the area of the Information kiosk/bulletin board to discuss
the posted scores.
Section 04.05.02 Energy Use Economy Score Calculation
Energy use economy is measure in dollars per mile.
04.05.02.a Distance Traveled
For Energy Use Economy purposes, the distance traveled by each vehicle
that completes Track Trials is the length of a lap times the total number of
laps completed plus the distance from the course start line to the lap
start/finish line plus the distance from the lap start/finish line to the
course finish line. The total number of laps completed is reported in
paragraph 04.06.01.a, Elapsed Time and Lap Count Recording.
DistanceTraveled = LapCount*LengthLap +LengthEntrance+LengthExit
04.05.02.b Energy Cost per Mile
Energy cost equals the energy type standard cost per unit posted on the
Competition website multiplied by the number of energy units used. Cost
per mile equals energy cost divided by distance traveled.
CostperMile = CostEnergy / DistanceTraveled
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If two competitors should get the same cost per mile, the competitor that
traveled the furthest shall be declared the winner.
04.05.02.c Energy Use Economy Score Calculation
A maximum of 175 points is available for Energy Use Efficiency Scoring.
The Energy Use Economy scoring formula is:
Energy Use Economy Score = 175 * (CostperMileMin)/CostperMile
Where CostperMileMin is the minimum fuel cost of any competitor, and
CostperMile is the fuel cost per mile of the competitor being scored.
Section 04.06.00 Distance Score
Section 04.06.01 Distance Scoring Procedure
Distance is measured only on the closed-circuit. It is computed from recorded elapsed
times and lap counts.
04.06.01.a Elapsed Time and Lap Count Recording
Start vehicle elapsed time when it first crosses the lap start/finish line.
Record the elapsed time to complete the last full lap during the allotted
one hour time and the elapsed time to the last crossing of the lap
start/finish after the allotted time has ended. For vehicles that do not
finish, record elapsed times as DNF (did not finish). Record the number of
laps completed for all vehicles as LapCount.
04.06.01.b Elapsed Time and Lap Count Reporting
Following the end of Track Trials, Timing and Scoring shall deliver a report
of elapsed times, lap counts and penalties to the Competition Scorekeeper.
04.06.01.c Distance Scoring
On receipt of the Elapsed Time and Lap Count Report from Track Trials,
the Competition Scorekeeper shall use the formula given in the following
section 04.06.02 to compute a Distance score for each competitor, post a
report of these scores on the Information kiosk/bulletin board in
Competition Headquarters, and notify the Competition Announcer that the
scores are posted so an announcement can be made.
04.06.01.d Distance Score Discussion
For one-half hour following the announcement, the Chief Steward shall be
available in the area of the Information kiosk/bulletin board to discuss the
posted scores.
Section 04.06.02 Distance Score Calculation
The vehicle that travels the greatest distance will be the one with the highest average
speed.
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04.06.02.a Average Speed Calculation
Speedavg = (Total laps -1) * (Lap length) / (Time to complete total laps -1)
04.06.02.b Penalty Calculation
The penalty for a pylon strike is 2 seconds for each pylon.
Pylonpenalty = number of strikes * 2 seconds
The penalty for an off-course is 20 seconds for each incident.
Offcoursepenalty = number of incidents * 20 seconds
The total time penalty is the sum of the pylon and off-course penalties.
= Pylon strike penalty + Off-course penalty
The total distance penalty is the speed average times the time penalty.
Distancepenalty = Speedavg * Timepenalty
04.06.02.c Distance and Speed Calculation
The distance is calculated as follows:
Overtime = If total time is greater than 60 minutes, then
Overtime = total time minus 60 minutes
else
Overtime = 0
Distanceover = (Overtime) * (Speedavg)
Distanceactual = ( (Total laps) * (Lap length) ) - Distanceover - Distancepenalty
Speedactual = Distanceactual / (1 hour)
If two competitors should travel the same distance, the competitor who
recorded the fastest lap shall be declared the winner.
04.06.02.d Distance Score Calculation
A maximum of 150 points is available for Distance Scoring.
The Distance Scoring formula is:
Distance Score = 150 * (MyDistanceactual)/MaxDistanceactual
Where My Distanceactual is the distance the competitor being scored traveled,
and Max Distanceactual the distance the fastest competitor traveled.
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Configuration Level 01.00.00
Vehicle
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Section 05.00.00 Non-commercial Technical Requirements
The rules in section 05.00.00 and associated subsections apply to concept vehicles, to
safety equipment such as restraint systems and helmets, and to apparel for occupants
of those vehicles. These rules also apply to modified commercial vehicles whenever
they pertain to: subsystems or components that have been modified, or to the restraint
systems or helmets required for non-commercial vehicles.
Definitions and rules pertinent to a vehicle as a whole are presented in the following
paragraphs. Definitions and rules pertinent to specific vehicle subsystems are
presented in subsequent subsections for those subsystems.
05.00.00.a Definitions
Term Definition
Land vehicle running on at least four non-aligned complete
Automobile / wheels which must be in contact with the round, of which at
Car least two are used for steering and at least two are used for
propulsion.
All parts of the car that are wholly sprung and in contact with
the external airstream, except those parts clearly associated
Body (work) with the mechanical function of the engine, the transmission
or the running gear. All air intakes shall be considered to be
part of the bodywork
Bulkhead A frame member placed to maintain the angle between a
Brace bulkhead frame member and a horizontal frame member.
Bulkhead, The front boundary of the occupant compartment. Its
Front skeleton must be frame members.
Bulkhead, The rear bulkhead is the rear boundary of the occupant
Rear compartment. Its skeleton must be frame members.
A donor car must be a mass produced vehicle sold in the
United States and intended for normal road use. The main
Car, Donor
structure / chassis components of the donor car can only be
modified as permitted by these rules.
An open car is a convertible (with or without a full
windshield), a car with a retractable hardtop, a targa-top car
with less than a full windshield, or a T-top car with less than
Car, open / a full windshield.
closed A closed car is one with a full roof, a targa top car with a full
windshield, a T-top car with a full windshield, or a convertible
with a full windshield and a standard (as defined herein)
hardtop which has been bolted securely in place.
A crushable structure shall be a sandwich construction based
on a fire resistant core of minimum crushing strength of
twenty-five (25) lbs. / square inch. The sandwich construction
Crushable
shall include two (2) sheets of 1.5mm (.060”) thickness, one of
Structure
which shall be aluminum sheet having a tensile strength of
fourteen (14) tons/ square inch and a minimum elongation of
five (5) percent.
The chassis is the core of the vehicle. It is the entire sprung
part of the vehicle, to which all the suspension and/or spring
Chassis /
loads are transmitted. Its subsystems are: Frame,
Main
Suspension, Wheels and Steering. They bear the load if the
Structure
vehicle, transfer those forces to the ground, and control its
direction. It extends longitudinally from the foremost
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Term Definition
suspension mounting point to the rearmost suspension
mounting point. Mechanical components are not part of the
main structure even if they are fully or partially load-bearing.
The Inner structural volume of the automobile in which driver
Cockpit control devices and all original seating were/are located.
Cockpit is synonymous with occupant compartment.
That part of the bodywork which opens to give access to the
Door
occupant compartment.
An event shall consist of the Practice, Qualifying and Track
Event
Trials sessions. Event is synonymous with Energy Invitational
The floor pan includes all surfaces which would support the
driver’s or passenger’s feet, body, or seat in the vehicle,
Floor pan extending laterally from (but not including) door sill to door
sill and longitudinally from (but not including) front bulkhead
to rear bulkhead.
Frame A single piece of uncut material used to fabricate the vehicle
member frame.
Major frame The structure comprised of frame members that define the
structure boundary of the occupant compartment.
An area of the vehicle Interior bounded by frame members
designed to protect vehicle occupants. These frame
Occupant components shall be an integral part of both the Frame and
compartment the Interior subsystems. Racing standards define this area as
a “cockpit.” An occupant compartment is bounded by front
and rear bulkheads, side rails, floor and, if it exits, roof.
An item of standard or optional equipment that could have
been ordered with the car, installed on the factory production
line, and delivered through a dealer in the United States.
Part, Port-installed options provided by the factory are considered
standard to be the same as those installed on the factory production
line. Dealer-installed options or deletions (except as required
by factory directives), no matter how common or what their
origin, are not included in this definition.
The following frame components comprise the Primary
Structure: 1) front bulkhead, 2) rear bulkhead, 3) bulkhead
Primary
braces and supports, 4) side impact structure, 5) all
structure
components that transfer load from occupant restraint
systems into items 1) through 4).
A race car construction consisting of front and rear roll bars
Roll Cage
and side rails. All of these are defined to be frame members.
(Rollover
In a concept vehicle, the occupant compartment satisfies the
Structure)
criteria for a rollover structure.
The frame members defining the side boundaries of the
Side impact
occupant compartment. Material in these frame members
structure
must satisfy requirements for rear bulkhead frame material.
The side impact zone is the area on the sides of the occupant
Side impact
compartment bounded by the front and rear bulkheads, the
zone
floor, and a line fourteen inches above the top of the floor.
The distance between the centerlines of the wheels as
competed without driver, measured as follows: From
Track
centerline to centerline of wheels. Alternatively, it may be
measured from the inside of one wheel at the hub centerline
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Term Definition
height to the outside of the other wheel, then conversely from
the outside of the first wheel at hub centerline to the inside of
the second wheel. The two dimensions obtained are to be
added together and divided by two to obtain the average.
Measurements are to be taken at both front and rear of the
wheels and averaged to compensate for toe in/out.
A locomotive device, propelled by its own motive power by
constantly taking real support from the ground surface, with
Vehicle, land
propulsion and steering controlled by a driver on board the
vehicle.
05.00.00.b Vehicle Appearance
Vehicles must present a clean, neat appearance. There shall be no
unnecessary or loose articles in the vehicle.
05.00.00.c Vehicle Size and Ground Clearance Limits
Vehicle size limits are as follows:
Maximum
Dimension Comment
In Cm
Including aerodynamic devices
Width 87 221
and excluding mirrors
Length 189 4800
Wheelbase, minimum 72 182.88
Wheelbase, maximum 116 294.64
Track, minimum 42 106.68
Height 96 243.84
Ground clearance 01 2.54 Recommended minimum static
No part of the chassis, suspension or exhaust may be lower than the
lowest part of the wheel rims. Regardless of static ground clearance,
vehicles that damage the track surface during the Energy Invitational can
be disqualified.
05.00.00.d Height – Track Ratio
The measurements are to be taken from the ground to the tallest point of
the vehicle for the Overall Vehicle Height and the normal track
measurement as stated for the Average Track Width. Vehicles with a Static
Stability Factor (Height / Track ratio) of less than 1.30 should not be
permitted to compete due to their higher risk of roll over.
05.00.00.e Impact Protection
A vehicle shall be constructed with energy absorption and structural
rigidity properties that will protect occupants from serious injury and
prevent the occupant compartment from being deformed or intruded so as
to cause serious injury to an occupant as the result of a crash. The
structural requirements for these components are defined in the Frame
rules section of this document.
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05.00.00.f Fasteners
1. Fastener Requirements
a. All threaded fasteners used in the occupant compartment structure
and the steering, braking, occupant restraint and suspension systems
must meet or exceed SAE Grade 5, Metric Grade 8.8 and/or AN/MS
specifications when a minimum size is specified elsewhere in these
rules.
b. The use of button head cap, pan head, flat head or round head screws
or bolts in critical locations is prohibited. These locations include the
occupant compartment structure, and occupant restraint attachment.
Note: Hexagonal recessed drive screws or bolts (sometimes called
Socket head cap screws or Allen screws/bolts) are permitted.
2. Securing Fasteners
a. All critical bolts, nuts, and other fasteners on the steering, braking,
occupant harness, suspension and frame must be secured from
unintentional loosening by the use of positive locking mechanisms.
Positive locking mechanisms include:
Correctly installed safety wiring
Cotter pins
Nylon lock nuts
Prevailing torque lock nut
Note: Lock washers and thread locking compounds, e.g. Loctite®, DO
NOT meet the positive locking requirement.
b. There must be a minimum of two full threads projecting from any
lock nut.
c. All spherical rod ends and spherical bearings on the steering or
suspension must be in double shear or captured by having a
screw/bolt head or washer with an O.D. that is larger than spherical
bearing housing I.D.
d. Adjustable tie-rod ends must be constrained with a jam nut to
prevent loosening.
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Configuration Level 02.01.00
Chassis Subsystem
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Section 05.01.00 Chassis
The Chassis is the core of the vehicle. Its subsystems are: Frame, Suspension, Wheels
and Steering. They bear the load of the vehicle, transfer those forces to the ground,
and control its direction.
Except as specified for frames in appendix D rules 1.2 and 2.2, non-metallic chassis
construction is prohibited.
Section 05.01.01 Frame
The frame bears the primary load of the vehicle. Its structural adequacy can be
validated either by compliance with structural rules or by analysis. Typical frame
structures are either tubular or monocoque (unibody). The frame must support the
other subsystems of the Chassis as well as those of the Power Train and the Body. It
must incorporate an occupant compartment that contains and protects the Interior
subsystem of the Body.
05.01.01.a Frame Member Material and Construction
Frame member material and construction must satisfy the requirements
stated in appendix D.
05.01.01.b Occupant Compartment Frame Member Strength
Frame members that define the occupant compartment front bulkhead,
rear bulkhead and sides shall have sufficient strength to maintain the
shape of the occupant compartment and protect the occupants in a roll-
over or ninety-degree front, rear or side impacts at fifty miles per hour.
05.01.01.c Rollover Structures
A rollover structure is required in non-commercial concept type vehicles
and recommended in all vehicles. The requirements for rollover structures
are presented in appendix D.
05.01.01.d Tow Points
An easily accessible tow point shall be present on the front and rear of
each vehicle. A tow point shall be constructed to accept a hook on a tow
strap or cable and strong enough to support the full weight of the vehicle.
The minimum towing eye ID is 2-inches. A tow point shall not dangerously
protrude from the body work, and it shall be accessible without removal or
manipulation of bodywork or other panels.
A front tow point must be accessible forward of the front wheel hub
centers. A rear tow point must be accessible rearward of the rear wheel
hub centers.
05.01.01.e Jack Points
A vehicle shall have a jack point accessible to a floor jack on both the right
and left sides.
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Section 05.01.02 Suspension
The suspension includes: springs and dampers on each wheel; anti-sway bars and
vehicle geometry, kinematics and dynamics.
05.01.02.a Suspension System
The suspension system shall be of suitable design, fully operational and in
good working order.
05.01.02.b Fully Operational Suspension
1. All road wheels/axles must be suspended from the chassis/body unit by a
springing medium (i.e. axles or wheels must not be connected directly to the
chassis/body unit). The springing medium must not consist of bolts located
through flexible bushes or flexible mountings.
2. There must be independent movement of the axles/hub carriers/stub axles
giving suspension travel from "bump" to "droop" of least 50.8-mm (2-in),
25.4-mm (1-in) bump (jounce) and 25.4-mm (1-in) droop (rebound), with a
ninety-fifth percentile male driver seated
3. Vehicles that do not represent a serious attempt at an operational
suspension system or which demonstrate handling inappropriate for the
Energy Invitational course will be disqualified.
05.01.02.c Active Suspension and Traction Control Systems
Active suspensions and traction control systems are allowed on all
vehicles.
05.01.02.d Non-Metallic Parts
Any ferrous or aluminum alloy is permitted for suspension arms, location
links, and uprights/spindles. Suspension parts (suspension control arms,
locating links, toe/steering link and pushrods) made partially or
completely from composite materials are prohibited.
05.01.02.e Plating
Chromium-plating of steel suspension elements is prohibited.
Section 05.01.03 Wheels
Wheels include: tires, rims, hubs and uprights.
05.01.03.a Number of Wheels
Four wheels are required, two laterally aligned in front, and two laterally
aligned in back. With the concurrence of the Chief Steward, the Technical
Inspection manager may grant three-wheel vehicles a waiver to this rule.
This exception may be granted only after a Technical Safety Inspection has
determined that the three-wheel vehicle is ready to operate on course.
05.01.03.b Wheel Bearings
Bearings must be in good repair and tight.
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05.01.03.c Rims
1. Only rims produced and intended for normal road use, with no
modifications, are permitted.
2. Any system for mounting rims to hubs that uses a single retaining nut must
incorporate a device to retain the nut and the rim in the event that the nut
loosens. This device (painted red or "dayglo" orange) must be on the nut
whenever the car is moving. A jam nut does not meet these requirements.
3. Non-metallic rims are prohibited.
05.01.03.d Lug Bolts
Lug bolts and nuts must be present, in good repair and tight. Standard
lugs are engineered fasteners. Any modification is subject to extra
scrutiny. Competitors using modified designs must provide proof that good
engineering practices have been followed in the design and manufacture.
05.01.03.e Tires
1. Tires must be in good condition, with no cord or belts showing or cracks in
the tread or sidewall.
2. Tires must be D.O.T. rated for 124 (“U”) mph rated or better and have a
minimum D.O.T. tread wear rating of 140.
3. Tires must have a load rating appropriate for the weight of the vehicle.
4. Racing, recapped, or re-grooved tires are not allowed. Tire size is
unrestricted unless otherwise stated. The only modifications allowed to tires
are having treads “shaved” or “trued.”
5. The minimum permissible tread depth is 2.4 mms (3/32 inch).
6. The minimum tire diameter is 10 inches (25.4 cm).
05.01.03.f Tire Warmers
Pre-heating of tires prior to competition by electrically heated covers or
similar means is prohibited in pit lane and on the grid.
05.01.03.g Hub Caps and Trim Rings
Snap or clip-on hub caps and trim rings must be removed. Hub caps or
trim rings held in place on the wheel by threaded fasteners are allowed.
Section 05.01.04 Steering
Steering includes: steering wheel, steering column, gearing, linkage and control arms.
05.01.04.a Design and Function
1. The steering system shall be of safe, secure design and in good working
order. It must act on two wheels at one end of the vehicle. Four wheel
steering is prohibited.
2. There must be a continuous mechanical connection between the steering
wheel and the steered wheels. Power steering is permitted but such system
may not carry out any function other than reduce the physical effort
required to steer the car and must allow the steering to continue to function
when all hydraulic and/or electric power is shut down.
05.01.04.b Non-Metallic Steering Links
Non-metallic steering/toe links are prohibited.
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05.01.04.c Steering Stops
Mechanical stops must be placed either on the steering rack or uprights to
prevent the tires from contacting the suspension, body, or frame members.
The stops must also prevent the steering linkage from locking up due to
exceeding its limits.
05.01.04.d Steering System Free-Play
Allowable steering system free play is limited to seven degrees (7°) total
measured at the steering wheel.
05.01.04.e Steering Column
The steering column (shaft) must be constructed in a manner to restrict its
rearward movement in the event of frontal impact. A collapsible type
steering column equivalent to Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No.
204 is required in all cars.
05.01.04.f Steering Wheel
1. Steering wheel lock devices shall be removed or disabled except on
commercial type vehicles.
2. The steering wheel hub must be padded with a resilient material of not less
than three quarters (3/4) inch thickness. It is strongly recommended that
padding meet SFI spec 45.2 or FIA Sports Car Headrest Material. Energy
absorbing material such as Ethafoam® or Ensolite® is acceptable.
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Configuration Level 02.02.00
Power Train Subsystem
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Section 05.02.00 Power Train
Subsystems of the power train propel and stop the vehicle. These subsystems are:
Propulsion, Brakes, Regeneration, Energy Source, Thermal Management and Utilities.
Section 05.02.01 Propulsion
Propulsion converts stored, potential energy into kinetic energy at the wheels. It
includes the motor, torque regulator (transmission) and components that transfer
power to the wheels.
05.02.01.a Propulsion Type Approval
To enable preparation for Technical Inspection and energy use economy
measurement, the propulsion type must be on the approved list presented
in 01.03.04.a.
05.02.01.b Energy Conversion Devices
1. Any propulsion device such as an engine or a motor that is used to convert
stored, potential energy into kinetic energy, which meets the requirements of
01.03.04.a is permitted. The device may be from any manufacture; the
manufacture does not have to be the same as that of the body and chassis.
The device may be of any approved type, configuration or displacement.
There are no limitations on power.
2. Any super or turbo-charging is permitted.
3. Cryogenic treatment of components is allowed.
4. Any Engine Electronic Control Unit (ECU) may be used.
05.02.01.c Propulsion System Fluid leaks
No fuel, oil or water leaks should be observed.
05.02.01.d Starter
A starter with an electrical or other power source must be carried on board
the car. It must be possible for the driver to operate it when seated
normally with his safety belts fastened and the steering wheel in place. The
starter must be capable of starting the engine at all times without any
external assistance.
Push starts and use of a detached starter or starter power source are
prohibited.
05.02.01.e Throttle
A vehicle must be equipped with a throttle device that enables the driver to
control the flow of energy to the propulsion system by use of an accelerator
foot pedal.
1. A throttle actuator must operate dependably and smoothly. Erratic, binding
or sticky operation will not be approved.
2. Actuator mechanisms must be at least 50.8 mm (2.0 in) from any high
temperature (over 108 degrees F) object, or fluid (e.g. exhaust) stream.
3. A positive throttle pedal stop must be incorporated on the pedal to prevent
the actuator from being over-stressed.
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4. Mechanical throttle control is recommended. Electronic throttle control (ETC)
or drive can be accepted.
5. A mechanical actuator must have at least two return springs positioned so
that any throttle component failure will cause the throttle to shut off. A
throttle position sensor (TPS) is not an acceptable return spring.
6. An ETC actuator must be a normally closed type, and it must incorporate a
self-health sensor that will shut off the throttle if the ETC malfunctions.
05.02.01.f Hydrocarbon Fuel/Air Mixing
1. Any carburetors or fuel injection system may be used.
2. Any Electronic Control Unit (ECU) regulating energy flow may be
used.
3. Any on-engine air supply and filter system may be used.
4. An engine injection cut-off system for changing gears is allowed.
5. Other than engine sump breather gases and fuel for the normal
purpose of combustion in the engine, the spraying of any substance
into the engine intake air is not allowed.
6. Fuel line connections to carburetors shall be threaded.
05.02.01.g Transmission
1. Any transmission may be used, (manual, automatic, CVT, etc.) with any
number of forward gears.
2. All cars must have a reverse gear which must be in working order
throughout the event. It must be possible for the driver, while seated
normally with his safety belts fastened and the steering wheel in place, to
select reverse gear with the engine running.
3. The transmission must be designed such that, should the car be stopped
and the engine stalled, it is still possible to push or to tow it.
4. The system must be in working order throughout the event even if the main
hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical systems on the car have failed.
5. This system must also disconnect any Kinetic Energy Recovery System
(Electric, Mechanical or Electro-mechanical) fitted to the car.
05.02.01.h Shields
A scatter-shield or explosion-proof housing shall be installed on all non-
commercial concept vehicles to shield any rotating mass that could be a
hazard to vehicle occupants. Chain drives shall be fitted with a protective
shield to retain the chain in case of failure. This requirement also applies
to modified commercial vehicles with power train modifications affecting
rotating mass.
Minimum material specifications are:
Material Specification
Steel alloy .125 inch SAE 4130
Steel plate .250 inch mild
Aluminum alloy .250 inch
Flexible shields. NHRA or SFI approved
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05.02.01.i Oil and Oil Additives
Any oil or oil additive may be used. Oil additives are defined as: any liquid
or particulate compound(s) delivered into the engine via the engine oil for
the purpose of friction/temperature reduction, and/or metal surface
conditioning i.e. PTFE resins (Teflon, “Slick-50”), Molybdenum Disulfide,
etc.
05.02.01.j Accumulators
An engine oil accumulator (e.g., Accusump) may be installed. It may be
located anywhere within the bodywork, but it shall be securely mounted.
05.02.01.k Oil Tank Protection
All oil tanks must be properly protected. If oil storage tanks are not located
in the OEM position they must be surrounded by a minimum of 10 mm of
thick crushable structure. Provided that the oil tank is not located in close
proximity to the outer surface of the bodywork, and there is some of the
structure of the vehicle between the oil tank and the bodywork, the car’s
structure will meet the 10mm crushable structure rule.
No part of the car containing oil may be situated behind the complete rear
wheels.
05.02.01.l Catch Tanks, Filters and Breathers
Oil holding tanks and propulsion system breathers, whether directly or
indirectly ventilating a reservoir, shall be equipped with oil catch tanks.
Minimum catch tank capacity shall be one U.S. quart for an engine or
transmission/transaxle. Oil catch tanks shall not vent into the occupant
compartment.
Oil holding tanks and oil filters may be mounted in the occupant
compartment if a metal shield prevents occupant exposure to oil spillage.
Vacuum breathers that pass through an oil catch tank to exhaust systems
and vacuum devices that connect directly to exhaust systems are
prohibited.
05.02.01.m System Leakage
Propulsion system components that contain fluid and do not have catch
tanks must be sealed to prevent leakage.
05.02.01.n Exhaust System
1. Routing
a. Exhaust must exit behind occupant seats, either to the rear or to the
side of the vehicle.
b. An exhaust pipe may not protrude more than 3.0 inches at the point
where it exits the bodywork. If an exhaust pipe exits the bodywork at
the widest part of the body such that any extension of the exhaust pipe
beyond the body would make the pipe the widest point, the pipe must
be trimmed flush (+/- 0.5 inch) with the bodywork at the point that it
exits the body.
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c. If the exhaust system is routed in such a way that damage to it could
cause hot exhaust to contact any part of the fuel system, there shall be
a metallic heat shield protecting the fuel system components. This heat
shield shall be located at least 3.0 inches away from the exhaust
system, and there shall be at least 3.0 inches between the heat shield
and the fuel system components.
2. Muffler
An adequate muffler is required. More than one is allowed. The criterion of
“adequacy” is the sound level emitted by the exhaust system. Any vehicle
deemed by the Chief Steward or their designated representative to be
excessively loud shall not run on the course until the sound level is reduced
to an acceptable level. (See rule 03.06.04.)
05.02.01.o Waste Emissions
Waste emissions from the Propulsion subsystem such as exhaust vapor
and heat shall be routed so that they and any by-products from them are
dispelled away from the vehicle and do not enter the occupant
compartment.
The engine must not produce visible exhaust emissions at any time. Any
vehicle producing visible exhaust emissions may be black Flagged.
05.02.01.p Noise
The maximum permissible noise level for a Propulsion subsystem is 82
dBA. Noise level is measured during Energy Invitational sessions.
Section 05.02.02 Brakes
Brakes include: shoes/pads, drums/calipers, cylinders, fluid, lines, power booster,
linkages and pedals.
05.02.02.a Dual Brake System
1. A vehicle must be equipped with a primary and a backup braking system.
2. Both systems must be in good working order and capable of stopping the
vehicle in a reasonable distance in a safe and controlled manner.
3. The primary system must act on all four wheels.
4. If the primary system is electrically powered, the backup system must be
manually operated through a mechanical linkage.
05.02.02.b Single Control
1. The primary system must act on all wheels and be operated by a single foot-
pedal.
2. The pedal must operate two separate hydraulic circuits. The system must be
designed so that if one of the circuits leaks or fails, the pedal will continue to
operate the brakes on at least two wheels.
05.02.02.c Brake Lines
Brake lines, must be protected against any risk of damage from stones,
corrosion, mechanical failure, etc., when fitted outside the vehicle
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05.02.02.d Brake Lights
1. All cars must be fitted with at least two red stop lights of at least the
equivalent illumination power of a 15 watt bulb. They must be located
symmetrically on either side of the longitudinal axis of the car and must be
mounted in a position visible from 300 feet to the rear. In addition, the
lenses and reflectors must conform to standards EEC 77/538 or ECE 38 for
rear lamps of motor vehicles.
2. During a competition, the Chief Steward may accept one brake light due to
damage or equipment failure.
3. Light assemblies shall be considered one light for the purposes of this rule,
irrespective of the number of individual lamps the assembly may contain.
4. If an LED brake light is used, it must be clearly visible in very bright
sunlight. Brake lights must be operational at all times even with engine off.
05.02.02.e ABS and Brake-By-Wire
Electrically operated brake systems must have a manually operated,
backup brake system.
05.02.02.f Power Brakes
1. Power brakes are permitted, but such a system may not carry out any
function other than reducing the physical effort required to stop the car and
must allow the braking to continue to function when the engine is stopped or
electric power is shut down.
2. There must be a continuous connection between the Brake Pedal and the
brake mechanism acting upon each wheel.
Section 05.02.03 Regeneration
An energy regeneration system converts kinetic energy from a moving vehicle or waste
heat into reusable stored energy.
05.02.03.a Definitions
Term Definition
Auxiliary The auxiliary battery supplies energy to the auxiliary power
battery circuits.
The auxiliary circuit consists of all those parts of the electrical
Auxiliary
equipment used to operate the internal combustion engine as
circuits
well as for signaling, lighting, communication, etc.
Auxiliary ground is the ground potential of the auxiliary circuit.
Auxiliary
Auxiliary ground should have a robust connection to chassis
ground
ground. It should be capable of meeting SAE J2344.
A cell is an electrochemical energy storage device of which the
Battery cell nominal voltage is the electrochemical couple nominal voltage,
made of positive and negative electrodes, and an electrolyte.
Battery A battery module is a single unit containing one cell or a set of
module cells electrically connected and mechanically assembled.
A battery pack is a single mechanical assembly optionally housed
by a battery compartment, comprising battery modules, retaining
Battery pack
frames or trays, fuses and contactors as well as battery
supervising electronics.
Battery The battery supervising electronics are part of the battery pack
supervising and are an important safety system. It comprises a monitoring
electronics and charge balancing circuit to keep all cells, at any time and
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Term Definition
under any charge or discharge conditions, within the specified
voltage range given by the battery manufacturer.
A capacitor (electrolytic capacitor, Electric Double Layer
Capacitor (EDLC) named “Super Capacitor” or “Ultra Capacitor”)
Capacitor is a device to store electric energy in the electric field or, in the
system case of the EDLC, a system in which an electric charge is stored
by permitting adsorption and desorption of the ions in an
electrolyte to electrodes.
Chassis (vehicle and bodywork) ground, hereinafter named
Chassis
“chassis ground”, is the electrical reference potential of all
ground
conductive parts of the bodywork including the chassis and the
(Vehicle
safety structure. Auxiliary ground must be connected to chassis
ground &
ground. The conductive cases of the regeneration system and of
earth
power circuit units such as motors and contactors should have
potential)
robust connections to chassis ground.
A detonator is a pyrotechnical device fired by an electric current
Detonator
and used to cut power connections.
The driver master switch (DMS) is a device to energize or de-
energize the power circuit under normal operating conditions
Driver Master with the exception of systems needed to monitor the:
Switch • Isolation resistance between chassis ground and power circuit
• Maximum DC as well as AC voltage between chassis ground
and auxiliary circuit supply voltage
A flywheel system is a mechanical or electromechanical system
Flywheel
capable of storing and releasing energy by means of a rotating
system
mass system, such as the rotor of an electric motor/generator.
General
The general circuit breaker disconnects all auxiliary system and
circuit
regeneration system electrical power. A general circuit breaker is
breaker
a switch with physical contacts and NOT a semi-conductor
(Emergency
device.
stop switch)
An over current trip is a device which automatically interrupts
Over current the electrical current in the circuit in which it is installed if the
trip fuses level of this current exceeds a defined limit value for a specific
period of time.
A power bus is the electric circuit used for energy distribution
between the generator, the regeneration system and the
Power bus
propulsion system which consists of the power electronics and
the drive motor(s).
The power circuit consists of all those parts which are used to
power the vehicle. For an electrical regeneration system, these
parts include. power converter, traction battery, power
Power circuit electronics, motor, etc. By extension for an inertial power
regeneration system, the expression "power circuit" addresses all
the mechanical elements including belt or transmission shaft
carrying regeneration system energy.
Power circuit ground is the ground potential of the electrical
Power circuit
power circuit. It is forbidden to connect, to chassis ground, the
ground
power circuit ground or any power circuit potential.
An energy regeneration system is designed to recover unused,
Regeneration expended energy and convert it into stored, expendable energy.
system Examples of sources on a vehicle for energy to be reused are
braking and waste heat. Examples of storage devices for such
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Term Definition
energy reuse are: flywheels, super-capacitors, ultra-capacitors
and batteries.
Safe / live signage is a safety device to clearly show the “Live” or
Safe / live
“Safe” condition of the power circuit. “Live” means that the power
signage
circuit is energized and “Safe” means that the power circuit is off.
The traction battery is a regeneration system component which
supplies electric energy to the power circuit and thus to the
traction motor(s).The traction battery is defined as any equipment
Traction
used for the intermediate storage of electrical energy supplied by
battery
the conversion of kinetic energy. Any onboard battery electrically
connected to the power circuit is considered as an integral part of
the vehicle's traction battery.
05.02.03.b Regeneration System Use
1. The use of a regeneration system shall be to reduce fuel consumption, not to
obtain additional power.
2. In a hybrid electric system, the internal combustion engine and the electric
motor must be controlled by the driver using the accelerator pedal. Push-to-
pass buttons are prohibited.
05.02.03.c Regeneration System Control
1. A regeneration system may start after the engine is started. It shall not run
when the engine is not running.
2. When a vehicle is in the pit staging lane or on the starting grid, the
regeneration system must be switched off. It must be in "safe" status with all
indicators signaling "off". The system may be started when the vehicle is
moving to the release or course start line.
05.02.03.d Brake System Energy Recovery
Only electric systems and mechanical or electromechanical flywheel
system are allowed to recover energy from the brakes.
05.02.03.e Hybrid Qualification
To be recognized as a hybrid, a vehicle must be able to travel a quarter of a
mile (minimum 400 m) at 40 mph (64.5 kph) using power only from the
traction battery or flywheel system.
05.02.03.f Traction Battery Recharging
During the Energy Invitational, the traction battery of a regeneration
system cannot be recharged from any energy source external to the
vehicle.
05.02.03.g Auxiliary battery – Traction Battery Isolation
The auxiliary battery should never be used to recharge the traction
battery. Throughout the duration of the event, the battery supplying the
auxiliary electrical circuit must have a voltage below 50 volts.
05.02.03.h General Circuit Breaker
1. A general circuit breaker shall have sufficient capacity to directly:
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Cut off all electrical energy to the power circuit from the regeneration
system to the loads such as the power electronics and the electric
motor.
Cut off all electrical energy from the auxiliary circuit (auxiliary battery
and possibly the alternator to the loads such as lights, hooters,
ignition, electrical controls, etc.).
Stop the engine. For diesel engines having no electronically controlled
injectors, the general circuit breaker must be coupled with a device
cutting off the air intake into the engine.
2. The general circuit breaker shall be activated by at least one trigger switch
from inside or outside the vehicle.
3. The general circuit breaker must not be used as the driver master switch.
4. The general circuit breaker must meet the requirements of SAE J2344
Other requirements:
1. Selection and Installation
The general circuit breaker must be easily operated by a trigger button from:
The driver’s seat when the driver is seated in a normal and upright
position, with the safety belts fastened and the steering wheel in place
The outside of the vehicle to shut off electric energy to all electrical
circuits including the auxiliary power to the engine.
Care must be taken, however, that the installation of the general circuit
breaker does not result in the main electrical circuit being located close to
the driver or the external switch.
2. External Trigger Button Location
a. For closed vehicles, the external trigger button of the general circuit
breaker should be located below the windscreen on the left-hand side
of the vehicle when facing in the direction of travel.
b. For open vehicles, the external trigger button of the circuit breaker
should be located on the left-hand side at the base of the main roll bar
structure when facing in the direction of travel.
3. External Trigger Button Marking
The external trigger button should be marked by a red spark in a white-
edged blue triangle with a base of at least 12 cm.
4. General Circuit Breaker Capabilities
The contactor must be a spark-proof model. In order to prevent contact
melting of the contactor its [I²t] (ampere squared seconds characteristics,
representing heat energy dissipated on the breaker contacts during
switching) must be sufficient to guarantee proper operation of the general
circuit breaker, even under surge current conditions, in particular those
occurring during the connection of the regeneration system to the power
bus. In a minor crash, the internal combustion engine and all energy
sources of the power circuit must be switched off automatically by electric
switches or contactors. In a severe crash, the internal combustion engine
must be switched off automatically and the energy supply cables must be
disconnected automatically inside the regeneration system.
05.02.03.i Over-Current Trip (Fuse)
1. Fuses and circuit breakers (but never the motor circuit breaker) count as
over-current trips. Extra fast electronic circuit fuses and fast fuses are
appropriate.
2. Over-current trips must be fitted as close as possible to the regeneration
system at both polarities inside the regeneration system compartment and
also in an adequate location in each electric power circuit.
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3. Over-current trips must under no circumstances replace the general circuit
breaker (emergency stop switch).
05.02.03.j Regeneration System Double Safety
1. The regeneration system must be protected by battery supervising
electronics (BSE). This control system must prevent any misuse or overload
of the regeneration system.
2. Any regeneration system technology which presents some internal technical
risk (overload failure, over speed, low voltage failure, thermal runaway, etc.)
must have its own safety system as provided by the manufacturer of the
energy storage elements. Inside the storage compartment, this safety system,
separate and independent of the control system, must survey the typical
parameters of the system and stop it to prevent thermal runaway, explosion
or implosion in case of failure or too hard appliance.
3. In particular, Li-ion cells on the market are of different sorts, having various
characteristics and different safety requirements. For those Li-ion batteries,
only batteries equipped with their own voltage monitoring and safety system
to prevent overcharging and under-voltage of each battery cell shall be
approved.
4. Separate and independent of the control system, a surveillance unit should
monitor the cell voltage and temperatures to shut the system down at a
single cell malfunction. The assembly of the battery cells in a battery pack
must be carried out by a manufacturer with the appropriate technology. The
specification of the battery pack, modules and cells, as well as a document
from the said manufacturer attesting to the safety of the produced battery
pack, must be verified and approved in advance.
05.02.03.k Safe / Live Signage
1. The Safe / Live Signage must be activated jointly by both the driver master
switch and the general circuit breaker (GCB).
2. If the power circuit is switched on (condition to drive the vehicle) by both the
driver master switch and the GCB, the power circuit will be energized and
turn to Live condition. Two redundant RED lights symbolizing “danger high
voltage” must be activated on the dashboard, as well as one red light, at the
site of the external breaker, to clearly show that it could be life-threatening
to work on the power circuit.
3. If the power circuit is switched off by the driver master switch and/or the
GCB, the power circuit will be de-energized and discharged (no voltage on
Live components). Both red dashboard lights and the red tail light will be
switched off, to clearly show that the power circuit is dead and it is now safe
to work on the vehicle,
4. The regeneration system status lights must:
a. Be in working order throughout the Event even if the main electrical
systems on the vehicle have failed;
b. Be located in the same general location(s) the driver master switch
c. remain powered for at least 15 minutes if the vehicle comes to rest with
its engine stopped;
d. Be marked with a “HIGH VOLTAGE” decal presenting the international
electrical symbol consisting of a red spark on a white-edged blue
triangle with a base of at least 12 cm
05.02.03.l Regeneration System Ground
Neither the power circuit ground nor any power circuit potential shall be
connected to chassis ground.
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05.02.03.m Regeneration Electrical System Requirements
1. The regeneration system should be housed within the survival cell of the
vehicle. and should be capable of satisfying all sections of SAE J-2344
2. In every case the vehicle manufacturer must prove that the mechanical as
well as electrical safety of the regeneration system is secured in all
circumstances. The regeneration system must be capable of passing the
crashworthiness guidelines contained in SAE J-1766
3. The regeneration system compartment must be designed in such a manner
as to prevent short circuits of the regeneration system poles and of the
conductive parts, and any possibility of regeneration system fluid
penetrating into the occupant compartment must be excluded.
4. The regeneration system compartment must completely surround the
regeneration system and it must be made from an insulating, fire resistant,
robust and regeneration system fluid–tight material. A solid partitioning
bulkhead must separate the location of the regeneration system from the
occupant compartment.
5. A regeneration system compartment located inside the occupant
compartment must include a vent with its exit outside of the vehicle. The
dimensions of the air duct and the power of the ventilation fan must be
sufficient to prevent an ignitable, conductive or toxic gas/air concentration
inside the regeneration system or in the nearest environment of the vehicle.
6. The regeneration system may be fitted with a cooling system in order to
ensure the battery safety. This cooling system:
a. must be part of the vehicle
b. may include a specific fan
c. may continue to operate during a pit stop
d. must be independent of any other cooling circuit.
7. In case of a severe shock, the integrity of the containment bulkhead of the
regeneration system must be guaranteed and its electric insulation too.
However, for electrochemical or dielectric regeneration systems, loss of
electric insulation may be acceptable on the condition it determines an
automatic splitting of its content in elements of a voltage less than 50 volts.
Consequently, the maximum voltage between two cables of the power circuit
remains a voltage of less than 50 V and can thus be considered safe.
8. The regeneration system should be capable of being manually isolated from
the power circuit either by provision of an easily removable main connector
or alternatively by use of a separate insulated key or plug.
9. The regeneration system compartment must include inside it more than one
independent circuit breaker like:
a. One fuse or more at the output terminals (power cable connection)
b. An electrically-activated contactor (general circuit breaker) to
disconnect the regeneration system from the power circuit,
c. Detonators to disconnect the regeneration system in case of a crash.
10. Double insulation: two insulating barriers must be put between any
conducting element of the power circuit regeneration system wires and its
nearest environment (chassis ground, mechanical parts, operators), each
barrier having the capability of the required insulation for the voltage
domain of these elements.
11. On each regeneration system compartment the symbols warning of “High
Voltage” "High Revs." for inertial devices - must be displayed.
High Voltage Sign "High Revs" Sign
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12. Power Bus
Voltage across capacitors belonging to the Power Bus should fall below 50
volts within 2 seconds after disconnection of all energy sources (generator,
regeneration system and charging unit) from the Power Bus by any following
means:
• The General Circuit Breaker
• The driver master switch
• Activation of the over current trips of the regeneration system
13. Cables, lines and electric equipment
Electrical cables and electrical equipment must be protected against any risk
of damage (stones, corrosion, mechanical failure, etc.) when fitted outside
the vehicle, and against any risk of fire and electrical shock when fitted
inside the bodywork.
05.02.03.n Flywheel System Provisions
It is up to the competitor to prove by whatever means that the Flywheel
System compartment is strong enough not to break up in case of a system
failure, e.g. a rotor crash at full speed.
05.02.03.o Waste Heat Re-use
Waste/rejected heat may be re-used. The method of conversion is not
limited unless elsewhere restricted. The installation must be approved at
Technical Inspection.
05.02.03.p Regeneration System Safety Equipment
1. Unintentional movement of the vehicle
A device, e.g. the general circuit breaker, must prevent movement of the
vehicle whenever the driver is not fully seated in the driver's seat.
2. Vehicle roll-away
A means of preventing unintended “roll-away” shall be provided. This means
should be or readily apparent.
3. General electrical safety
a. It must be ensured that a single point of failure of the hybrid system
must not cause an electric shock hazardous to the life of any person
and that the components used cannot cause injury under any
circumstances and conditions (rain, etc), whether during normal
operation or in foreseeable cases of malfunction.
b. It must be ensured that the components used for protecting persons or
objects can reliably fulfill their purpose for an appropriate length of
time.
c. There should be no exposed live metal or conductive parts in the
system. In cases where the voltage of the power circuit exceeds 50
volts, symbols warning of "High Voltage" must be displayed on or near
the protective covers of all electrical equipment that can run at high
voltage; the symbols must comprise a black spark inside a yellow
triangle with a black border. The sides of the triangle must measure at
least 12 cm.
d. All hybrid vehicles must comply with the regulations of the national
authorities with regard to the standardization and control of low
voltage electrical installations. Likewise, the regulations of the IEC
(International Electro-technical Commission) (e.g. IEC 529, 718, 783,
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784, 785, and 786), or of the national representative or member of the
IEC (e.g. VDE/SEV), must be observed.
4. Protection against dust and water
All parts of the electrical equipment must be protected using at least IEC529
IP-44 type protection (dust-proof and splash-proof). IEC529 IP-55 type
protection (fully dust-proof and proof against streaming water) must be used
inside the occupant compartment.
5. Protection against electrical shock
All major conductive parts of the body must be connected e.g. with wires of
appropriate dimension to obtain equal-potential bonding. No part of the
chassis or bodywork should be used as a current return path.
6. Insulation resistance between chassis and power circuit
An electronic monitoring system must measure the insulation resistance
between the conductive parts of the chassis (body) and the power circuit.
The minimum insulation resistance must be more than 10,000 Ohm (50 V @
5 mA). If the electronic monitoring system detects an insulation fault, all
energy sources (regeneration system and generator, alternator) must
immediately be disconnected from the power circuit by the general circuit
breaker.
Due to the deformation of the vehicle body in a crash, the power circuit will
most likely be electrically connected to the chassis potential. In such a case,
the electronic monitoring system will automatically switch off all energy
sources by the general circuit breaker. Thus, the monitoring system
additionally serves as a redundant trigger device to the crash impact
detector.
7. Electrical cables
a. Each electrical cable must be suitable for a quantity of electric current
which shall be charged in the relevant circuit, and be insulated
adequately. All electrical circuit must be protected by means of over-
current trips rated according to the caliber of the individual conductors
and to voltage and current they transport. All High-Voltage Wiring
Assembles should follow the guidelines established by both SAE J-1675
and SAE J-1673
b. Every part of the electrical equipment including wires and cables must
have a minimum insulation resistance between all live components and
the bodywork.
c. For equipment with up to 300 volts to bodywork, the insulation
resistance must reach the following value: 250 kΩ.
d. For equipment with more than 300 volts to bodywork, the insulation
resistance must reach the following value: 500 kΩ
8. Insulation resistance
All electrically live parts must be protected against accidental contact.
Insulating material not having sufficient mechanical resistance, i.e. paint
coating, enamel, oxides, fiber coatings (impregnated or not) or insulating
tapes are not allowed. An electrically conducting chassis frame as well as the
bodywork and safety structure must be connected to the chassis ground and
insulated from the power circuit ground.
9. Power circuit
In cases where the voltage of the power circuit exceeds 50 volts, this power
circuit must be electrically separated from the chassis (body) and from the
auxiliary circuit by adequate insulators.
10. Power circuit wiring
The power circuit comprises the regeneration system, the converter for the
drive motor(s), the contactor(s) of the general circuit breaker, fuses, the
generator(s) and the drive motor(s). All cables and wires connecting electrical
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power components (e.g. motor, generator, converter and regeneration
system) with a capacity of more than 30 mA must be protected in order to
detect: breaking or disconnection of a power cable; opening of a protective
casing.
a. Use of a sense wire is recommended.
b. In case of an insulation failure or a broken power wire, an electronic
monitoring system must disconnect all energy sources regeneration
system and generator) from the power circuit, e.g. by the contactor of
the general circuit breaker.
c. The color of all power circuit wires must be orange.
d. Power circuit wires exposed to stress (e.g. mechanic, thermal, vibration,
etc.) must be secured within proper cable guides, enclosures and
insulating conduits.
e. All open connectors of the power circuit must be capped. An automatic
system must detect if a connector of the power circuit is uncapped or if
a power circuit connector is disconnected in live condition
(disconnection of live contacts can be detected by shorter alarm
contacts within the power connector). In such a case, the regeneration
system must be switched off immediately (within less than 50 ms) or
disconnected from the power circuit.
Section 05.02.04 Energy Source
The Energy Source subsystem includes the type of energy selected and the means by
which it is stored in the vehicle and delivered to the Propulsion subsystem.
05.02.04.a Energy Source Approval
To enable preparation for Technical Inspection and energy use economy
measurement, energy sources must be on the approved list presented in
section 01.03.05.a.
05.02.04.b Energy Flow Measurement
Means described here are only suggested. Competitors may devise their
own means of measuring flow. In the energy use calibration procedure, a
competitor should describe the device to be acquired, its installation and
its calibration and use.
Hydrocarbon fluids
To purchase a suitable device, do a search of suppliers for a fuel or
fluid flow rate measurement device. Install the device in the fuel line
between the fuel tank and the engine. The installation must pass
Technical Inspection.
Electrical Power
To purchase a suitable device, do a search of suppliers for a portable
induction power meter. Install the meter on the main power bus
before it enters the motor. The installation must pass Technical
Inspection.
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05.02.04.c Energy Source Containment
The Energy Source subsystem must be completely self-contained so that
no leakage can occur under any circumstance of applied force or vehicle
attitude.
Considering their placement in the vehicle, energy storage and containment
components shall be designed not to rupture during potential impacts. They
shall not carry structural loads. They must be securely attached to the
vehicle structure with mountings that allow some flexibility such that
chassis flex cannot unintentionally load the component. Use of a fuel cell
fuel containment system in a vehicle with an internal combustion propulsion
type is optional.
Components of electric and hybrid vehicles can carry lethal high voltage and
current. Such components shall be adequately insulated and shielded from
access. Lethal warning labels shall be applied to these components.
Components containing pressurized gas can be hazardous. Such
components shall be shielded from access. Hazardous warning labels shall
be applied to these components.
Fuel tank air vents shall be located at least 9.843 inches (25 cm.) to the rear
of the occupant compartment.
1. Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Containers
a. Fuel containers shall be mounted in protected locations to minimize
damage from collision. No portion of the fuel system can be located
ahead of the front axle or behind the rear axle of the vehicle
b. No part of the fuel system or fuel containers shall be closer than 6
inches to the ground unless enclosed within the bodywork and
mounted above the floor pan
c. All fuel containers less than 8 inches (20 cm) from the lateral flanks
must be protected by an adequate crushable structure.
d. Fuel containers cannot be within 8 inches of the engine or exhaust
system without proper shielding.
e. The fuel containers and/or filler neck must be insulated by means of
metal bulkheads preventing the fuel from passing into the occupant
compartment or engine compartment or coming into contact with
exhaust piping, in the event of spillage, leakage or any other accident
occurring to the tank.
f. For the purposes of these rules, a fuel container consisting of a
structure containing a fuel bladder is considered to a Safety Fuel Cell,
including the containing structure. The containing structure of a Safety
Fuel Cell does not qualify as a bulkhead. A separate metal bulkhead
must isolate the Safety Fuel Cell from the occupant compartment.
g. A safety fuel cell will not be compulsory on condition that the position
of the tank does not protrude beyond 11.75 inches (30 cm) in any
direction from the longitudinal axis of the car, and that it is
surrounded by a crushable structure .40 inches (1 cm) thick, or the
fuel containers are as installed by the OEM of a modified commercial
vehicle.
2. Safety Fuel Cell Containers
All vehicles having a safety fuel cell MUST comply with the rules in this
section, even if the safety fuel cell is not required.
a. There is no restriction of safety fuel cell capacity or dimensions of the
safety fuel cell, except where otherwise specified.
b. The installation of more than one safety fuel cell is permitted.
c. All safety fuel cell must be FIA FT3 (or higher) certified.
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d. The safety fuel cell must contain a bladder that is FIA FT-3 (or higher)
rated.
e. Foam internal baffling is required, as per FIA FT3-1999 (or higher).
f. The safety fuel cell should be in a container made of at least 0.036-inch
steel, 0.059-inch aluminum.
g. The filler cap, line, vents hoses, etc. should be designed so that no fuel
will escape if the car is partially or totally inverted.
h. There should be a small drain hole in the outside box to purge fuel
trapped between the bladder and the box.
i. Filler necks should not be mounted through a window panel
(exceptions may be made at the discretion of the Chief Technical
Inspector).
j. The competitor is responsible for ensuring that the safety fuel cell,
bladder, and components are installed, maintained, and replaced per
the manufacturer’s instructions.
k. Bladders older than 5 years should not be used.
3. Rotary-molded Fuel cells
Rotary-molded safety fuel cells are not allowed unless the bladder meets the
current FIA FT3 specifications and carries the current FIA FT3 standard
certification mark, label, or stamp.
Tank Fillers and Caps
1. The fuel container fillers, vents and breathers must be placed where they
would not be vulnerable in the event of an accident. The tank fillers, vents
and caps must not protrude beyond the bodywork.
2. A positive locking fuel filler cap designed to ensure an efficient locking action
which reduces the risks of accidental opening following an impact or
incomplete closing after refueling shall be used.
3. Fuel container vents and breathers must be properly vented to the outside.
They shall not vent into the occupant compartment.
05.02.04.d Storage Location
Energy source components shall be protected from impact. They must be
located inboard of the side rails and between the axles.
05.02.04.e Component Attachment and Protection
Components such as fuel lines or power cables must be securely attached
to the vehicle and shielded from collision damage or possible rotating
equipment failure.
05.02.04.f Gasoline, Diesel and Alcohol Fuel Pumps, Filters and Lines
1. Fuel pumps may be in operation only when the engine is being started or is
running.
2. Any fuel pump, filter or pressure regulator may be used except as specified
herein, as long as they do not pose a safety hazard. Such components may
not be located in the occupant compartment, but their location within the
bodywork of the car is otherwise unrestricted.
3. High Pressure Fuel Lines
High pressure fuel systems are those functioning above 10 Bar (145 psi)
pressure. All high pressure fuel lines, normally those downstream of the high
pressure pump on Direct Injection systems, must be stainless steel rigid line
or Aeroquip FC807 smooth bore PTFE hose with stainless steel
reinforcement and visible Nomex tracer yarn. Equivalent products may be
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used with prior approval. Use of elastomeric seals is prohibited. Lines must
be rigidly connected every 100mm by mechanical fasteners to structural
engine components such as cylinder heads or block.
4. Low Pressure Fuel Lines
a. Low pressure fuel injection systems are those functioning at a pressure
below 10 Bar (145 psi). Low pressure lines, normally those upstream of
the high pressure pump, that are flexible must be either (i) metal
braided hose with either crimped-on or reusable, threaded fittings, or (ii)
reinforced rubber hose with some form of abrasion resistant protection
with fuel line clamps. Note: Hose clamps over metal braided hose will
not be accepted.
b. If rubber fuel line or hose is used, the components over which the hose
is clamped must have annular bulb or barbed fittings to retain the hose.
Also, clamps specifically designed for fuel lines must be used. These
clamps have three important features:
i. A full 360-degree (360°) wrap
ii. A nut and bolt system for tightening
iii. Rolled edges to prevent the clamp from cutting into the hose
Worm-gear type hose clamps are not approved for use on any fuel line.
5. Fuel Supply lines passing through a panel shall be protected by grommets or
similar devices, which shall snugly fit both the supply lines and the holes in
the panel.
6. Fuel Supply lines shall have a minimum clearance of 8 inches from the
engine exhaust system unless they are shielded from exhaust heat.
7. Fuel lines may be no larger than 1/2" i.d. and may only connect to the
original fuel tank or fuel cell. They may be no longer than necessary for
reasonable and safe installation, and may serve no other purpose. A single
fuel feed line may be used. A single fuel return line may be used, and a
fitting for connecting it may be added at or near the top of the fuel tank. This
does not authorize “cool-cans”.
8. All non-manufacturer-standard fuel line(s) passing through the occupant
compartment shall be made of metal, metal braided hose, or equivalent (e.g.,
Nomex, Kevlar, or nylon braided hose) with AN Series threaded couplings; or
entirely covered and protected with a metal cover.
05.02.04.g Alcohol Fuel Storage and Handling
1. Any entrant running a vehicle on alcohol based fuels greater than 50%
volume must notify the event officials prior to the published entry deadline
date. This is to ensure that proper firefighting equipment is present at the
event. Entrants failing to do so may be disallowed from the event.
2. Tanks containing alcohol (e.g. methanol) that exceed 50% alcohol by volume
must carry an FIA FT3 (or higher) rating and be installed per fuel cell
regulations. Modified commercial vehicles with un-modified “Flex-Fuel”
tanks are except from this rule. Tanks containing 50% or less alcohol by
volume may use any container per the manufacturer’s instructions or
recommendations.
3. Under all circumstances tanks or containers must be mounted in an area
that is separated from the driver by a bulkhead or firewall.
05.02.04.h CNG, LNG and LPG Storage and Handling
Rules governing storage and handling of propane, compressed natural gas,
liquid natural gas and liquid propane gas are presented in appendix E.
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05.02.04.i Electrical Energy Storage and Handling Safety
1. Vehicles that use electric energy typically contain potentially hazardous
levels of electrical voltage or current. It is important to protect persons from
exposure to this hazard.
2. All components of Electric Vehicles shall be capable of passing
crashworthiness guidelines contained in SAE J1766
3. Electric Vehicles must have Automatic Hazardous Voltage Disconnects per
SAE J2344
4. Electric Vehicles energy storage components (battery packs) shall be
grounded per SAE J2344
5. High-Voltage Wiring Assemblies should follow the guidelines established by
both SAEJ1675 and SAE J1673
6. A means of preventing unintended “roll-away” shall be provided. This means
should be transparent or readily apparent.
7. Electric Vehicle components shall be labeled to warn of reasonably
foreseeable hazards associated with the operation and service of the
propulsion system.
Section 05.02.05 Thermal Management
Thermal management includes heating and cooling of the vehicle and all its
components.
05.02.05.a Coolers
The use of any engine, transmission or differential oil coolers is permitted
provided it is mounted completely within or under the bodywork, but not
in the occupant compartment.
05.02.05.b Coolant
Non-commercial water-cooled engines must only use plain water. Glycol-
based antifreeze, “water wetter”, water pump lubricants of any kind, or any
other additives are prohibited.
05.02.05.c Coolant Catch Tanks
Cooling systems shall be equipped with coolant catch tanks with a
minimum capacity of 1 US Pint, except vehicles that are equipped with
working, pressurized coolant reservoirs.
Section 05.02.06 Utilities
Utilities include auxiliary power sources, distribution systems, actuators and controls
employing electricity, compressed gas or hydraulics.
05.02.06.a Auxiliary Compressed Gas Cylinders, Lines, Actuators and Controls
Any system on the vehicle that uses compressed gas as an actuating
medium must comply with the following requirements:
1. Working Gas-The working gas must be nonflammable, e.g. air, nitrogen,
carbon dioxide.
2. Cylinder Certification- The gas cylinder/tank must be of proprietary
manufacture, designed and built for the pressure being used, certified by an
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accredited testing laboratory in the country of its origin, and labeled or
stamped appropriately.
3. Pressure Regulation-The pressure regulator must be mounted directly onto
the gas cylinder/tank.
4. Protection – The gas cylinder/tank and lines must be protected from rollover,
collision from any direction, or damage resulting from the failure of rotating
equipment.
5. Cylinder Location- The gas cylinder/tank and the pressure regulator must
be located outside the occupant compartment and must be protected by
structure that meets frame member structural requirements.
6. Cylinder Mounting- The gas cylinder/tank must be securely mounted to the
frame or a substantial propulsion system component.
7. Cylinder Axis- The axis of the gas cylinder/tank must not point at a vehicle
occupant.
8. Insulation- The gas cylinder/tank must be insulated from any heat sources,
e.g. the exhaust.
9. Lines and Fittings- The gas lines and fittings must be appropriate for the
maximum possible operating pressure of the pneumatic system it powers.
05.02.06.b Auxiliary Electrical Power Distribution and Controls
1. Batteries
a. Battery location is unrestricted within the bodywork.
b. Any wet-cell battery located in the occupant compartment must be
enclosed in a nonconductive, marine-type container or equivalent.
c. Any onboard battery power supply must be attached securely to the
frame or chassis structure, independent of any marine type container.
d. All batteries (onboard power supplies) must have an electrically non-
conductive material covering the positive battery terminal.
2. Electrical Master Switches
All vehicles must have a master switch in the occupant compartment and
accessible to the driver. A concept vehicle must have a second external
master switch that is accessible to a course or emergency worker. All
terminals of a master switch shall be insulated to prevent shorting out.
a. Internal Master Switch
i. Must be located within easy reach of a belted-in driver, alongside
the steering wheel, and unobstructed by the steering wheel or any
other part of the car. It should be placed on the same side of the
steering wheel as the shifter mechanism. It must be easily
actuated by the driver in an emergency or panic situation.
ii. Must be installed such that:
OFF position disables power to the ignition and fuel pump(s)
ON position enables power to the ignition and fuel pump(s).
iii. May act through a relay.
iv. Switches that require either a twist or a pull are acceptable.
b. External Master Switch
i. Must be located on the top right side of the vehicle adjacent to the
occupant compartment and be easily actuated from outside the
vehicle.
ii. Must be of a rotary type and be direct acting, i.e. it cannot act
through a relay.
iii. Disable power to all electrical circuits, including the battery,
alternator, lights, fuel pump(s), ignition and electrical and
electronic controls.
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iv. Must be clearly marked by the international marking of a spark in a
blue triangle and mounted in a standard location. Off position shall
be clearly indicated at the master switch location.
05.02.06.c High Pressure Hydraulic Pumps and Lines
1. Vehicle occupants and anyone standing outside the vehicle must be shielded
from any hydraulic pumps and lines with line pressures of 300-psi (2100-
kPa) or higher. A shield must be steel or aluminum with a minimum
thickness of 1-mm (0.039 in).
2. All hydraulic fluid lines which are not subjected to abrupt changes in
pressure, with the exception of lines under gravity head, must have a
minimum burst pressure of 41 bars (595psi) at the maximum operating
temperature of 204°C (400°F) when used with steel connectors and 135°C
(275°F) when used with aluminum connectors.
3. All hydraulic fluid lines subjected to abrupt changes in pressure must have
a minimum burst pressure of 70 bars (1016 psi) at the maximum operating
temperature of 204°C (400(400°F).
4. Brake lines are not classified as “hydraulic pump lines” and as such brake
lines are excluded from the preceding HP hydraulic rules.
05.02.06.d Instrumentation
1. Data Acquisition
a. Data collection devices are considered to be instrumentation and
therefore. These Data collection devices may be installed in the
occupant compartment as long as they are securely fasten and do not
interfere with the driver
b. Any data acquisition system or associated sensors in addition to those
provided by the ECU must be physically separate and completely
isolated from any control electronics with the exception of the primary
regulated voltage supply, car system ground and a single
communication link to the ECU.
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Configuration Level 02.03.00
Body Subsystem
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Section 05.03.00 Body
Subsystems of the vehicle Body provide accommodations and safety equipment for
occupants, interface with the driver, cover the vehicle, and manage airflow through
and around the vehicle and its components. These subsystems are named: Interior,
Exterior and Aerodynamics.
Section 05.03.01 Interior
The Interior is the area inside the vehicle Body. Rules in this section pertain to
occupant compartment definition and sizing, occupant safety and restraint, and
occupant comfort. Vehicle data acquisition and telemetry is also included.
05.03.01.a Occupant Compartment Definition
1. The boundaries of the occupant compartment are defined by frame members
and are completely contained within the primary structure. The
compartment shall have front and rear bulkheads, protective side rails or
panels and an impenetrable floor. The front and rear bulkhead and the side
panel skeletons must be frame members. The bulkheads may be in more
than one vertical plane provided they are adequately braced and secured to
protect occupants during potential collisions.
2. The longitudinal, transverse and vertical dimensions of the occupant
compartment shall be at least large enough to contain and provide protection
for a ninety-fifth percentile male driver and passenger, seats and all controls
and safety equipment essential to operate the vehicle. The compartment
shall completely contain all occupants. If the largest occupant is larger than
a ninety-fifth percentile male, the size of the compartment shall be large
enough to contain and provide protection for that driver.
3. A passenger’s space and seat shall remain usable throughout the event and
shall not be encroached upon by any element of the car or equipment except
as provided in these Rules.
4. Driver Seat Position
a. Steering and driver’s seating must be completely to the left or right of
the vehicle longitudinal centerline. The seat must be mounted such
that no part of the driver’s body below the waist may cross the
longitudinal centerline of the car.
b. The soles of the driver's feet, when seated in the normal driving
position with feet on the pedals and with the pedals in the inoperative
position, shall not be situated forward of the vertical plane passing
through the center-line of the front wheels.
05.03.01.b Occupant Compartment Isolation
1. Debris
With the doors shut, the compartment floor, sides, front and rear bulkheads
and top (should there be one) shall provide closure and shall have sufficient
strength to prevent entry of flying debris.
2. Gas and Heat
Except for designed fresh air ventilation, there shall be no openings into the
compartment through which heat or air can readily flow, or into which any
part of an occupant's body can enter. Adequate isolation and insulation
measures shall be taken to ensure that neither by conduction, convection
nor radiation, could the temperature of any object in the compartment be
heated to a surface temperature above 108 degrees F (60 degrees C) by an
onboard heat source.
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3. Lines
No lines containing fuel, cooling liquid, lubricating oil or hydraulic fluid, with
the exception of lines under gravity head, may pass through the occupant
compartment, unless made of metal, metal braided hose, or equivalent (e.g.,
Nomex, Kevlar, or nylon braided hose) with AN Series threaded couplings; or
entirely covered and protected with a metal cover. Only metallic brake lines
with no connectors installed within the occupant compartment may pass
through the occupant compartment.
05.03.01.c Occupant Compartment Firewall
1. Firewalls must isolate the occupant compartment from all components of the
Energy Source and the Propulsion subsystems.
2. A firewall must be a non-permeable surface made from a rigid, fire resistant
material. Multiple panels may be used to form the firewall but must be
sealed at the joints.
3. A firewall shall prevent the passage of flame and debris into the occupant
compartment. It must seal against the passage of fluids, especially at the
sides and the floor of the occupant compartment.
4. There shall be no holes in a firewall through which seat belts pass.
5. Holes through a firewall for wiring, cables, etc. are allowable if grommets are
used to seal them. Grommets must seal in the firewall. A gap between the
grommet and the wire or line passing through it shall be no larger than 1/8
inch and must be closed with sealant.
05.03.01.d Occupant Compartment Protrusions, Hard or Sharp Surfaces or Moving Parts
1. No object shall protrude into the occupant compartment in any way that
could result in injury to an occupant.
2. Hard or sharp surfaces or corners that could injure an occupant during a
collision or not allowed. Corners must be rounded, and all such hard
surfaces must be covered with a minimum thickness of 12 mm (0.5 in)
padding which meets SFI spec 45.1 or FIA 8857-2001.
3. No exposed, moving mechanisms associated with the Chassis, Power Train
or Body subsystems are permitted inside the occupant compartment.
05.03.01.e Occupant Compartment Egress and Entrance
1. From a position in the driver seat with the restraint system fastened to a
position standing beside the vehicle, a ninety-fifth percentile male must be
able to exit the occupant compartment in five seconds.
2. The driver’s seat shall be capable of being entered without the removal or
manipulation of any part or panel except for doors, removable steering wheel
and removable occupant compartment padding.
3. Egress from the vehicle must not require any movement of any aerodynamic
device or its mounting.
05.03.01.f Occupant Compartment Ergonomics
1. The compartment shall provide comfort and safety for team drivers and for
potential fifth percentile female to ninety-fifth percentile male size occupants.
2. There shall be seats of equal dimension and comfort for the occupants
equally disposed on each side of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
3. When the external air temperature does not exceed 90° F, an effective
ventilation and/or air conditioning system must:
• Maintain the occupant compartment temperature between 60° F and
90° F when the vehicle is in motion.
Get back in the defined range within 8 minutes after a vehicle stop.
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4. Gauges, indicators and instruments may be added, removed or replaced
provided the technical inspectors judge them to be acceptable.
05.03.01.g Seats
1. A modified commercial vehicle must, at a minimum, have manufacturer-
standard seats. If a driver seat has been modified, or following review of a
Structural Safety Report, the Technical Inspection manager requires it, a
modified commercial driver seat must satisfy the same requirements as
those for a concept vehicle.
2. A concept vehicle driver seat must satisfy the following requirements. These
requirements are recommended for all seats.
a. Seat Construction
i. The driver seat shall be a one-piece bucket-type and shall be
securely mounted. The back of the seat shall be firmly attached to a
frame member behind it so as to provide aft and lateral support.
ii. Homologated race car. The homologation labels must be visible.
Seat supports shall be of the type listed on FIA technical list No.12
or No. 40 (lateral, bottom, etc).
iii. Any seat must be a full back, bucket-type automobile seat
incorporating a functional headrest. Seats made primarily of
plastic, PVC, ABS, or other similar polymers, Kart seats, low-back
dune buggy seats, and other similar types of seat are expressly
prohibited. It is strongly recommend that a racing seat be installed
in all vehicles. A racing seat is of solid design; not “tube and cloth”
designs commonly found in passenger cars. It can be very difficult
to properly brace a “tube and cloth” type seat.
b. Mounting
i. Structures for racing seats may attach to the floor, cage and or
center tunnel. Seat mounting points forward of the rear bulkhead,
between the center line of the car and the driver’s side door bar and
rearward of the front edge of the seat bottom are not considered
cage attachment points in vehicles with limitations on the number
of attachments.
ii. Seats homologated to and mounted in accordance with FIA
standard 8855-1999, or FIA Standard 8862-2009 or higher need
not have the seat back attached to a frame member. Seats with a
back not attached to a frame member or brace may not be mounted
to the stock runners unless they are the FIA homologated seats
specified in an FIA
c. Headrest
A headrest to prevent whiplash and rebound and also to prevent a
driver’s head from striking the underside of the rear bulkhead primary
structure shall be installed on all vehicles. Racing seats with integral
headrests satisfy this requirement.
05.03.01.h Occupant Restraint System
1. Definitions
• A “reclined seat position” is defined as one with a seat back angled at
more than thirty degrees (30°) from the vertical as measured along the
line joining the two 200 mm circles of the template of the 95th
percentile male.
• The “chest-groin line” is the straight line that in side view follows the
line of the shoulder belts from the chest to the release buckle.
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• A 3-point system consists of 47.62 mm (1.875 in) wide lap belt and a
47.62 mm (1.875 in) wide shoulder strap. The lap belt and shoulder
strap must have a single, metal-to-metal release.
• A 5-point system consists of a 76 mm (3 in) wide lap belt, two
approximately 76 mm (3 in) wide shoulder straps and a single
approximately 51 mm (2 in) wide anti-submarine strap. The single anti-
submarine strap must have a metal-to-metal connection with the single
release common to the lap belt and shoulder straps.
• A 6-point system consists of a 76 mm (3 in) wide lap belt, two
approximately 76 mm (3 in) wide shoulder straps and two (2)
approximately 51 mm (2 in) wide leg or anti-submarine straps.
• A 7-point system is the same as the 6-point except it has three anti-
submarine straps, two from the 6-point system and one from the 5-
point system.
Note: 6 and 7-point harnesses to FIA spec 8853/98 and SFI spec 16.5 with
approximately 51 mm (2 in) lap belts are acceptable.
2. Requirements
a. Occupants must wear a restraint system at all times that a vehicle is in
motion.
b. All vehicle seats must be equipped with at least a three-point restraint
system. The Technical Inspection manager may, after review of the
Structural Safety Report, require a five-point system be installed for the
driver in a modified commercial vehicle.
c. A concept vehicle driver seat must be equipped with at least a five-
point system; a six or seven-point system is preferred.
d. If, in the judgment of the Chief Technical and Safety Inspector, changes
made to a modified commercial vehicle warrant it, a five-point system
may be required for a modified commercial vehicle.
e. Five, six and seven-point driver restraint systems must meet SFI
Specification 16.1, SFI Specification 16.5, or FIA specification 8853/98.
f. Belts must bear appropriate dated labels.
g. The material of all straps must be in perfect condition.
h. There must be a single release common to the lap belt and shoulder
harness using a metal-to-metal quick release type latch.
i. To accommodate drivers of differing builds, all lap belts must have a
“quick adjuster” feature. Lap belts with “pull-up” adjusters are
recommended over “pull-down” adjusters.
j. Cars with a seat back angled at more than thirty degrees (30°) from the
vertical must have either a 6 point or 7-point harness, AND have either
anti-submarine belts with “quick adjusters” or have two (2) sets of anti-
submarine belts installed.
k. A shoulder harness must be an over-the-shoulder type. Only separate
shoulder straps are permitted (i.e. “y”-type shoulder straps are not
allowed). The “H”-type configuration is allowed.
l. It is mandatory that the shoulder harness, where it passes over the
shoulders, be 7 mm (3 in) wide, except as noted below. The shoulder
harness straps must be threaded through three-bar adjusters in
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
m. If a HANS device is used by the driver, FIA certified 51 mm (2 in) wide
shoulder harnesses are allowed. Should a driver, at anytime not utilize
the HANS device, then 76 mm (3 in) wide shoulder harnesses are
required.
3. Harness Replacement
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a. SFI spec harnesses must be replaced following December 31st of the
2nd year after the date of manufacture as indicated by the label.
b. FIA spec harnesses must be replaced following December 31st of the
year marked on the label.
Note: FIA belts are normally certified for five (5) years from the date of
manufacture.
05.03.01.i Occupant Restraint System Installation
1. Anchors and Tabs
a. Anchors must be securely mounted to the Primary Structure. Such
structure and any guide or support for restraint belts must meet
section 05.01.01.c baseline steel minimum requirements.
b. A tab to which any harness is attached must have:
i. A minimum cross sectional area of 60 sq. mm (0.093 sq. in) of
steel to be sheared or failed in tension at any point of the tab, and
ii. A minimum thickness of 1.6 mm (0.063 inch).
iii. Where lap belts and anti-submarine belts use the same
attachment point, a minimum cross sectional area of 90 sq. mm
(0.140 sq in) of steel to be sheared if failed in tension at any point
of the tab. Note: Double-shear mounting is preferred.
2. Lap Belt Mounting
a. A lap belt must pass around the pelvic area below the anterior superior
iliac spines (hip bones).
b. Lap belts shall not be routed over the sides of the seat. The lap belts
should come through the seat at the bottom of the sides of the seat to
maximize the wrap of the pelvic surface and continue in a straight line
to the anchorage point.
c. Where belts pass through a hole in the seat, the seat must be rolled or
grommeted to prevent belt chafing.
d. To fit drivers of differing statures correctly: in side view, the lap belt
must be capable of pivoting freely by using either a shouldered bolt or
an eye bolt attachment, i.e. mounting lap belts by wrapping them
around frame tubes is not acceptable.
e. With an “upright driving position” in side view, the lap belt must be at
an angle of between forty-five degrees (45°) and sixty-five degrees (65°)
to the horizontal. This means that the centerline of the lap belt at the
seat bottom should be between 0 – 76 mm (0 – 3 inches) forward of the
seat back to seat bottom junction.
f. With a “reclined driving position” in side view, the lap belt must be
between an angle of sixty degrees (60°) and eighty degrees (80°) to the
horizontal.
3. Shoulder Harness
a. The shoulder harness must be mounted behind the occupant to a
structure that meets the baseline steel requirements of Rule
05.01.01.c. However, it cannot be mounted to the rear bulkhead
bracing or attendant structure without additional bracing to prevent
loads being transferred into the rear bulkhead bracing.
b. If the harness is mounted to a tube that is not straight, the joints
between this tube and the structure to which it is mounted must be
reinforced in side view by gussets or triangulation tubes to prevent
torsional rotation of the harness mounting tube.
c. Shoulder harness mounting points must be between 178 mm (7 in) and
229 mm (9 in) apart.
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d. From an occupant’s shoulders rearwards to the mounting point or
structural guide, the shoulder harness must be between ten degrees
(10°) above the horizontal and twenty degrees (20°) below the
horizontal.
4. Anti-Submarine Belt Mounting
a. The anti-submarine belt of a 5-point harness shall be mounted
in line with, or angled slightly forward (up to twenty degrees
(20°)) of, the driver’s chest-groin line.
b. The anti-submarine belts of a 6-point harness should be
mounted either:
i. With the belts going vertically down from the groin, or angled up
to twenty degrees (20°) rearwards. The anchorage points should
be approximately 100 mm (4 inches) apart. Or
ii. With the anchorage points on the Primary Structure at or near
the lap belt anchorages, the driver sitting on the anti-submarine
belts, and the belts coming up around the groin to the release
buckle.
5. Head Restraint
a. A head restraint must be provided on the car to limit the rearward
motion of the driver’s head and to prevent a driver’s head from striking
the underside of the roll-over structure.
b. The restraint must be:
i. Vertical or near vertical in side view
ii. A minimum area of 36 square inches and padded with a
minimum thickness of 38 mm (1.5 inches) of an energy absorbing
material. It is strongly recommended that the padding meet SFI
spec 45.2 or FIA sports Car Headrest Material
iii. Located so that:
It is no more than 25 mm (1 inch) away from the back of the
driver’s helmet in the compressed state, with the driver in
his/her normal driving position.
The contact point of the back of the driver’s helmet on the
head restraint is no less than 50 mm (2 inches) from any
edge of the head restraint.
c. The restraint along with its attachment and mounting must be strong
enough to withstand a force of 890 Newtons (200 lbs. force) applied in
a rearward direction. The headrest support should be such that it
continues rearward or upward in a way that the driver’s helmet cannot
hook over the pad.
The head restraint must meet the above requirements for all occupants, and
must be adjusted to accommodate different occupants.
05.03.01.j Fire System
Onboard fire systems are recommended, but not required. An onboard
system uses lines routed through the car with a single actuator to engage
in case of emergency. If installed, an onboard fire system shall comply with
the following requirements:
• Systems certified to SFI specification 17.1, or
• Those listed by the FIA on Technical List No. 16
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The following information must be visible on the unit:
• Certification label
• Capacity
• Type of extinguishing agent
• Weight, or volume, of the extinguishing agent
The following rules must be complied with:
1. The fire system cylinder shall be securely mounted with bolts in such a
manner that it can be checked during a technical inspection and may be
removed for weighing periodically for compliance to full weight shown on the
cylinder. (Weight is without valve assembly.)
2. Manual or automatic release is allowed. The release mechanism shall be
within reach of the driver when belted in the car.
3. All onboard fire systems shall be identified with a circle “E” decal. Two circle
“E” decals are recommended – one at the release location and the second on
the outside bodywork in line with or as near to the release location as
possible.
4. There shall be a minimum of two nozzle locations – one in the driver’s
compartment and one in either the engine area or the fuel cell area. The
nozzles shall be suitable for the type of extinguishing agent used.
5. The firing safety pin(s) shall be removed from all onboard fire systems prior
to going on track. It is recommended that a warning tag be attached to the
safety pin to remind the driver to remove the safety pin before entering the
racing surface.
6. All fire systems shall be serviced according to manufacturer’s specifications
7. All cars without an onboard fire system should have at least one fire
extinguisher securely mounted inside the occupant compartment within
driver’s reach.
8. The fire extinguisher bracket must be purpose-made, all-metal quick-release
bracket. The mounting hardware should be nuts and bolts and not just
sheet metal screws.
9. Fire bottles made of plastic or aerosol-type cans are prohibited.
10. All fire bottles should have a gauge indicating their charge status.
11. The following size and type are allowed:
a. Halon 1301 or 1211, 2-pound minimum capacity by weight.
b. Dry chemical, 2-pound minimum with a positive indicator showing
charge. Chemical: 10 BC Underwriters Laboratory rating, potassium
bicarbonate (Purple K) recommended, 1A10BC Underwriters Laboratory
rating multipurpose, ammonium phosphate and barium sulfate or
Monnex
12. Hybrid cars: Only ABC extinguisher types compatible with the chemistry of
the installed system, and specified for the voltage level at the power bus are
allowed.
05.03.01.k Driver Controls Accessibility
All vehicle controls must be operable by the driver from inside the
occupant compartment; no part of the driver may be outside.
05.03.01.l Driver Visibility
1. Three Hundred Sixty Degree Visibility
A driver must have adequate visibility around the vehicle. A driver seated in
a normal driving position must have a minimum field of vision of three
hundred sixty degrees (360°).
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2. Rear Visibility
Technical Inspectors must be assured through a practical demonstration
that the driver, seated in the normal driving position, with his safety belts
fastened, can clearly see the vehicles following him regardless of the rear
vision system used. To this end, the driver will be asked to identify letters or
figures, 6 in (15 cm) high and 4 in (10 cm) wide, displayed at random on
boards placed behind the car according to the following instructions :
Height: 15.75 in (40 cm) to 29.25 in (100 cm) from the ground.
Width: 78.75 in (2 m) one side or the other of the car centerline.
Position: 33 ft (10 m) behind the centerline of the car rear axle
Required visibility to the rear may be obtained by the driver turning their
head, by the use of mirrors or by use of rear view video cameras.
a. Mirrors
i. A minimum of two rear-view mirrors is required, one fitted on
each side of the car in order to give an effective view to the rear.
Each mirror must have a minimum area of 15.5 in2 (100 cm2).
ii. Mirrors must remain in place and be adjusted to enable the
required visibility during any operation of the vehicle.
b. Video Cameras
i. Rear view video cameras that provide the same degree of rear
vision as required of rear view mirrors will be acceptable.
ii. The video system must be in working order throughout the event
even if the main electrical system on the car has failed. A back-up
power supply must be provided.
05.03.01.m Camera Mounts
1. The mounts for video/photographic cameras shall be of a safe and secure
design and are subject to approval by the Technical Inspection manager.
2. The body of the camera or recording unit that weighs more than eight oz.
shall be secured at a minimum of two points on different sides of the camera
body; neither of the attachments may be elastic or plastic. If a tether is used
to restrain the camera, the tether length shall be limited so that the camera
cannot contact the driver.
3. Any cameras and their mounts must not protrude beyond the bodywork as
viewed from above.
4. A helmet mounted camera may be approved by the Chief Technical Inspector
on an individual basis.
05.03.01.n Data Acquisition, Telemetry and External Communication
1. Vehicle data acquisition is permitted.
2. Telemetry Permitted:
• Telemetry signals from the car to the pits (one direction) is permitted.
Pit to car telemetry is prohibited.
• "Lap trigger" Transponders signals for the start or the end of a lap:
o Lap marker transmitters (lap triggers) must be autonomous and
not connected to pit equipment (wires, cable, optical fiber, etc.).
o The only function of these transmitters is to mark the laps.
• Transponders
3. Transponders
a. Each vehicle must be equipped with an AMB TranX260 Rechargeable
or AMB TranX260 Direct Power transponder. Vehicles without the
specified, properly mounted, functional transponder will not be allowed
to run in the Energy Invitational.
b. Transponder Mounting
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Orientation – The transponder must be mounted vertically and
oriented so the number can be read “right-side up”.
Location – The transponder must be mounted on the driver’s right
side of the vehicle forward of the front bulkhead. The transponder
must be no more than 60 cm (24 in) above the track.
Obstructions – There must be an open, unobstructed line
between the antenna on the bottom of the transponder and the
ground. Metal and carbon fiber may interrupt the transponder
signal. The signal will normally transmit through fiberglass and
plastic. If the signal will be obstructed by metal or carbon fiber, a
10.2 cm (4 in) diameter opening can be cut, the transponder
mounted flush with the opening, and the opening covered with a
material transparent to the signal.
Protection – Mount the transponder where it will be protected
from obstacles.
Any vehicles whose transponder stops working for any reason will
be black-flagged and unrecorded laps will be un-scored. For the
purposes of this section the term ”black flag” refers to either a
standard Full black flag, or a Mechanical black flag. The black
flagged driver must pit immediately. IT IS THE DRIVER’S
RESPONSIBILITY TO MAKE SURE HIS/HER TRANSPONDER IS
WORKING.
4. External Communication
a. You may be required to change frequencies if interference with event
officials or track communications occurs.
b. Voice radio communication system between car and pits must be
stand-alone and must not transmit or receive other data. All
components shall be securely attached and approved by Technical
inspection.
Section 05.03.02 Occupant Safety Equipment and Attire
05.03.02.a Occupant Safety Equipment
Occupant safety equipment such as a restraint system that is attached to the vehicle
is included in 03.03.01, Interior.
05.03.02.b Occupant Safety Attire
Attire shall be in good condition and free of defects, holes, cracks, frays.
1. Required Attire and Equipment on Course
a. All vehicle occupants shall wear:
• Long sleeved shirts and long pants. One hundred percent cotton
material is recommended.
• Shoes that fully cover the foot at least to the ankle.
• A helmet that meets the requirements stated in “2.”, following.
b. In concept vehicles and modified commercial vehicles for which the
Structural Safety Report (SSR) shows the frame has been modified,
occupants must wear the special attire identified in “3.”, following.
2. Helmets meeting one of the following standards are acceptable:
• The latest or either of the two preceding Snell Foundation standards
• An SFI Sticker 31.1a for open faced helmets
• An SFI sticker 31.2a for closed faced (if purchased prior to 12/31/04),
SFI 31.1 (if purchased after 1/1/05)
• FIA standard 8860-2004
• British Standards Institute BS6658-85 type A/FR.
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A full-face helmet is required in cars without a full-height windshield or
without a top.
3. Special attire for Concept and certain Modified Commercial vehicles.
All occupants (Driver and Passenger) of a concept vehicle must wear the
following protective clothing at all times while on course. When indicated by
the Chief Technical Inspector, all occupants of a modified commercial vehicle
must also wear the following protective clothing at all times while on course.
a. Driving suits that effectively cover the body from the neck to the ankles
and wrists, manufactured of fire resistant material. One piece suits are
highly recommended. All suits shall be made of an accepted fire
resistant material carrying an SFI 3-2A/1 or higher certification patch
or FIA 1986 Standard or FIA Standard or 8856-2000 homologation
label. The following specific manufacturer(s) material combinations are
recognized: Nomex, Kynol, FPT, IWS (wool), Fiber glass, Firewear™,
Durette, Fypro, PBI, Kevlar, NASAFIL, Simpson Heat Shield, Leston
Super Protex, FPT Linea Sport, Carbon X, and Durette X-400.
b. Gloves made of leather and/or accepted fire resistant material
containing no holes.
c. Socks made of accepted fire resistant material.
d. Shoes, with uppers of leather and/or nonflammable material that at a
minimum, cover the instep. Ventilation pinholes by the manufacturer
are allowed.
e. Face coverings (balaclavas) of accepted fire resistant material for
drivers with beards or mustaches. Hair protruding from beneath a
driver’s helmet shall be completely covered by fire resistant material. As
an alternative to balaclavas, a full helmet skirt of accepted fire resistant
material may be used. Double-layer balaclavas are recommended. If
balaclavas are used voluntarily, they shall be of accepted fire resistant
material.
Section 05.03.03 Exterior
The Exterior subsystem is the external covering for the vehicle.
05.03.03.a Bodywork Ergonomics
The bodywork shall provide comfort and safety for all vehicle occupants.
05.03.03.b Bodywork Appearance
The bodywork shall be attractive and in good repair. All elements of it shall
be completely and neatly designed and finished, with no temporary or
makeshift elements.
05.03.03.c Bodywork Material and Design
1. Bodywork must be made of metal, fiberglass or other suitable fire resistant
materials. The sides, front and back of the occupant compartment area must
be at least as high as the driver’s waist.
2. The vehicle body shall be symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the car.
3. The bodywork as viewed from the side and above shall cover all mechanical
components except that the intake, exhaust, and radiators may be exposed.
4. The bodywork shall extend over the full width of the tires for at least one
third of their circumference as viewed from the side. Ventilation slots are
permitted. The tires shall not be seen as viewed from above.
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5. Behind the rear wheels, the bodywork must descend below the rear axle
centerline.
6. Sharp edges on the forward-facing bodywork or other protruding
components are prohibited.
05.03.03.d Floor
All vehicles are required to have an occupant compartment floor.
1. At a minimum, the floor must extend the full width and length of the
occupant compartment.
2. The floor shall prevent heat and debris from entering the occupant
compartment from beneath the vehicle.
05.03.03.e Fenders
Cycle-type fenders (which only cover the tire and are not continuous with
the rest of the body) are prohibited. Fenders shall be firmly attached to the
bodywork with no gap between body and fender.
05.03.03.f Doors
1. At least two functional doors, one on each side, are required and shall be
capable of being opened from inside and outside of the vehicle.
2. Doors shall be hinged on the leading or top edges only.
3. Each door must have only one external door handle.
4. Cars with “Gull-wing” or sliding doors will be admitted only if they are fitted
with a safety device enabling the occupants of the car to be evacuated
quickly and easily.
5. The doors must include a distinct window opening.
6. The doors / windows must be designed in such a way that the lateral vision
of the driver is never restricted. The driver of all cars shall have a field of
vision of not less than ninety (90) degrees to either side (total of 180 degrees)
with both eyes by turning his or her head, but without lifting his or her head
forward or otherwise moving from the normal driving position. Plexiglas or
similar uncolored transparent material may be substituted for existing
bodywork. “Token” portholes do not satisfy this requirement. Only a
structural member such as a roll bar brace or frame tube may interrupt the
required field of vision.
05.03.03.g Loss of Bodywork
All major body components such as front and rear hoods, fenders, doors,
and windscreens shall be maintained in normal position throughout the
competition. If loss of bodywork is a safety hazard, the car may be black-
flagged. A car completing a competition with bodywork missing may be
penalized.
05.03.03.h Detachable Panels, Sunroofs and other Accessories
1. Detachable panels, fender skirts and other accessories that are not securely
fastened on by threaded fasteners must be removed.
2. Detachable hardtops, panels, and doors designed to be removed shall be.
3. Glass panels in a roof must be removed. Movable or removable metal or
composite panels in a roof may be either removed or positively secured in the
closed position.
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4. Any openings in a roof resulting from the removal of a panel must be covered
with panels of stock contour made of the same material as the stock
surrounding roof structure.
05.03.03.i Body Panels and Covers
1. Body panels shall be securely mounted.
2. The engine and boot compartment covers shall be securely fastened. Engine
compartment cover fasteners must be removable with simple tools; no
fastener requiring a key to open it is permitted.
3. Tonneau covers and boot covers shall be removed.
05.03.03.j Lights
1. All vehicles shall have two operating red brake lights. (See 05.02.02.d.)
2. Exposed glass headlights shall be taped. Rear brake lights may be taped
with transparent tape. Turn signals, front parking lights, backup lamps, and
side marker lights may be taped or painted. Lights mounted on or below the
bumper shall be removed, and all resulting holes shall be covered to prevent
air passage through said holes.
05.03.03.k Windows
1. Windows shall be clear or uncolored except in commercial type vehicles.
Officials may require the replacement of windshields that are considered a
safety hazard.
2. The rear quarter (side) and rear windows may be made of clear, transparent,
polycarbonate material having a minimum thickness of 3 mm.
3. Closed cars shall run with both front door windows fully open (down).
05.03.03.l Door Window Height
The door height at the base of the door windows must be at least as high
as the driver’s waist when seated in a normal driving position
05.03.03.m Windscreens and Rear Windows
1. In closed vehicles:
a. A windscreen made of one piece of laminated safety glass or equivalent
approved material is compulsory.
b. Non-OEM Polycarbonate windshields such as Lexan are allowed.
c. Non-OEM glass windshields must be a minimum of 6 mm thick.
d. In modified commercial vehicles, non-OEM windshields must be
identical in size and curvature to the original glass component.
e. If windshields or rear windows are non-OEM glass (e.g. – Lexan, etc.)
then windshield safety clips and/or straps are required.
• Three (3) clips (3 inches x 1 inch x 1/8 inch) shall be bolted or
riveted to the body at the top of the windshield.
• Two clips (3 inches x 1 inch x 1/8 inch) shall be bolted or riveted
to the cowl and extend over the bottom edge of the windshield.
Clips shall be spaced a minimum of twelve (12) inches apart.
• In place of clips, polycarbonate windscreens may be mounted
using a fastener spaced a minimum of every 12 inches across the
top and sides, with a minimum of four across the bottom.
Alternatively, the bottom may be captured in a channel.
• Installation of three (3) inner supports is recommended to prevent
the windshield from collapsing inward. These supports must be
0.75” by .125” minimum straps of aluminum. Spacing between
these inner supports must be eight (8) inches minimum.
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A rear window of alternate material should be secured with two (2)
f.
metal straps (1 inch wide x 1/8 inch thick) bolted or riveted to the body
at the top and bottom of the rear window.
2. In open vehicles:
a. The windscreen is optional and dimensions are free.
b. Polycarbonate windshields such as Lexan are allowed. Windshields
must be of 6mm minimum thickness.
c. While competing in any car with less than a standard-size windshield,
a face shield, goggles, or similar face protection made of impact
resistant materials shall be worn. Conventional eyeglasses are not
sufficient.
05.03.03.n Vehicle Identification
Each vehicle is assigned a number when it is pre-registered in the
Competition. The number must be prominently visible on the body front
and on the left and right side body panels adjacent to the occupant
compartment. The numbers must not be obscured by parts of the vehicle.
a. Height – At least 152.4 mm (6 in) high;
b. Font – Block numbers (i.e. sans-serif characters). Italic, outline, serif, shadow,
or cursive numbers are prohibited.
c. Stroke Width and Number Spacing – At least 18 mm (0.75 in).
d. Color– Either white numbers on a black background or black numbers on a
white background. No other color combinations are approved.
e. Background Shape – The number background must be one of the following:
round, oval, square or rectangular. There must be at least 25.4 mm (1 in)
between the edge of the numbers and the edge of the background.
Presentation of vehicle identification is subject to approval by the Timing
and Scoring Chief. Illegible numbers may not be timed or scored.
05.03.03.o Class and Energy Source Identifier Display
Vehicle class and energy source identifiers shall be displayed prominently
adjacent to the vehicle number in the same font. Energy source identifiers
are listed in paragraph 01.03.05. Class identifiers are listed in 01.03.07.
If vehicle number 111 is non-commercial and has fuel cell propulsion, the
vehicle number, class and energy source would be displayed as:
111 N:FC H2
05.03.03.p Technical Inspection Sticker Display
A Technical Inspection sticker is placed in clear view on the front of the
vehicle.
05.03.03.q Graphics Display
Optionally, Graphics may be displayed on the vehicle. Graphics displays
shall not obscure the vehicle number, class and energy source or technical
inspection sticker.
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Section 05.03.04 Aerodynamics
Rules in this section pertain to management of airflow through and around the vehicle
and its components.
05.03.04.a Location
In plain view, no part of any device, wing, under tray or splitter can be:
a. Farther forward than 76 mm (30 in) forward of the fronts of the front tires
b. Farther rearward than 305 mm (12 in) rearward of the rear of the rear tires.
c. Wider than the outside of the front tires or rear tires measured at the height
of the center of the hubs, whichever is wider
05.03.04.b Mounting
The mounting apparatus of any part having an aerodynamic influence (i.e.
bodywork, floor, side-pods, wings, spoilers, etc.), shall be rigidly secured to
the entirely sprung part of the car (chassis/monocoque), shall have no
degree of freedom in relation to the entirely sprung part of the car
(chassis/monocoque), and shall remain immobile in relation to the
chassis/monocoque at all times. This allows for actively adjusted
aerodynamic elements (e.g., wings, diffusers, etc.).
05.03.04.c Minimum Aerodynamic Device Edge Radii
All edges including bodywork, wings, end plates, Gurney flaps, wicker bills
and under-trays that could impact people must have a minimum radius of
.2 inches (0.508 cm). This minimum radius must extend to at least forty-
five degrees (45°) relative to the forward direction, along the top, sides and
bottom of all affected edges.
05.03.04.d Aerodynamic Skirts
Any device or contrivance designed to bridge the gap between the sprung
part of the car and the ground is prohibited in all circumstances. Movable
or hinged skirts are prohibited. Only wearable material (fiberglass, Kevlar,
carbon fiber, high density polypropylene, Teflon, Lexan, or wood) may be
attached to the sides below the plane of the chassis. Ceramics, Plexiglas,
plastic, and other materials which shatter or break-up causing hazardous
track conditions are prohibited.
The purpose of this rule is to prohibit “sealing” or bridging the gap between
the bodywork and the road surface. Any means adopted to circumvent this
intention shall automatically be regarded as a breach of these regulations.
05.03.04.e Ground effects
Ground effects are permitted, but may not be attained by “sealing” or
bridging the gap between the bodywork and the road surface. Any means
adopted to circumvent this intention shall automatically be regarded as a
breach of these regulations.
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05.03.04.f Under-Tray
An under-tray serves an aerodynamic purpose by streamlining the
underside of the vehicle. If one is used, it must have holes to permit fluids
to drain.
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Appendix A Course Worker Organization and Operation
Appendix A: Course Worker Organization and Operation
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Appendix A Course Worker Organization and Operation
Event Officials
Event Chair
The Event Chairperson shall be responsible for the organization of the event.
Specifically, the Event Chairperson shall arrange:
The venue
Facilities and equipment
Insurance
Emergency Service, Medical, Fire, and Safety.
Chief Steward
The Chief Steward is the executive responsible for the general conduct of the event in
accordance with the Rules. In the event of a protest, the Chief Steward shall appoint
three individuals to hear, discuss, and rule on the protest. These individuals shall
have no material interest in the involved parties or in the outcome of the protest.
Safety Steward
The Safety Steward shall:
Investigate accidents and forward the originals of all reports, including original releases,
to the Competition Organizer.
Notify the Competition Organizer of any accident which involves serious injury to a
participant or any injury to a spectator.
Report to the Chief Steward any hazards which require further investigation or action
during the event.
Perform safety related duties as delegated by the Chief Steward.
Ensure the presence of appropriate Emergency Services personnel and equipment at all
times while the event is underway.
Take appropriate measures to ensure adequate crowd control. Deputy Safety Stewards
and Crowd Marshals may be assigned for this purpose. It is the responsibility of the
Safety Steward to review and confirm the placement of all barriers and crowd control
devices prior to the start of the event, and to take measure to ensure they remain in
position during the event.
Determine areas of restricted personnel because of safety concerns.
Use every reasonable means to limit access to restricted areas to those who have proper
credentials. The use of a credential system e.g. wristbands is recommended at any
event where multiple points of entry are possible.
Conduct a meeting of course workers, crowd control personnel, and Deputy Safety
Stewards prior to the actual start of the event.
Meet with the Medical Crew to confirm duties, duty stations, equipment, race circuit
characteristics, vehicles, and other protocol
Make a final course inspection just prior to the beginning of competition or prior to the
resumption of competition after a delay of an extended period. This check is to assess
the placement of all personnel, safety equipment, barriers and protective placements
(hay bales and the like), and to confirm the readiness of Emergency Services personnel
and equipment.
In the event of non-compliance with safety regulations, the Safety Steward shall
take the following steps:
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1. Advise the Chief Steward of the infraction and request the situation be remedied before
the next car runs.
2. If step one fails to resolve the situation, inform the Chief Steward that the event is shut
down until the problem is corrected.
3. If steps above do not result in correction, inform the Chief Steward and Event
Chairperson in writing that the event is suspended until the problem is corrected, and
that they personally will be held legally liable for any further event operation. All
workers and participants should be verbally notified of the situation by whatever means
are available.
4. If steps 1-3 fail to result in corrective action, cancel the event for safety reasons.
PLEASE NOTE, THIS STEP IS IRREVERSABLE.
While the event Safety Steward does have the right to cancel an event for safety
reasons, this should be used as a last resort ONLY. Every attempt should be made
to resolve the situation and continue the event in a timely manner. Safety Stewards
should work diligently in cooperation with Event Chairpersons and Chief Stewards
to ensure an event that is safe for all participants, workers, and spectators. Safety
is not an area where compromises can be made, and it is up to all officials to work
together.
Chief Driving Instructor
The Chief Driving Instructor shall arrange for an Orientation prior to the event. This
may be followed by a course tour. The Chief Steward may excuse drivers that hold a
Time Trials or higher race license from a group such as BMW Club, NASA, POC,
SCCA, VARA, etc. from this Orientation and course tour. All other drivers must be
present. Non-English-speaking drivers must be accompanied by a translator.
Additionally, the Chief Driving Instructor and assistants shall observe all drivers at
several on-course locations throughout the event. The Chief Driving Instructor shall
record all incidents and discuss them with the responsible drivers.
Chief Technical and Safety Inspector
The Chief Technical and Safety Inspector, also known as the Technical Inspection
manager, shall ascertain that competitor vehicles comply with the safety and
construction rules. Specific duties are:
Approve vehicles that comply with all regulations. Emphasize safety over compliance
with construction rules.
Conduct inspections of vehicles at the request of the Safety Steward, Chief Driving
Instructor or Chief Steward.
Report to the Chief Steward any vehicles that do not conform to the rules.
Chief Starter
The Chief Starter shall operate directly under the supervision of the Chief Steward.
The Chief Starter gives directions to competing drivers by flag, hand, and body signals
with respect to starting, suspending, and ending a race.
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Chief of Timing
The Chief of Timing and Scoring shall be responsible for the accurate timing and
scoring of the Track Trials event in accordance with the rules. Specifically, the Timing
and Scoring Chief shall:
Recruit, train, assign and supervise qualified personnel to time and score the event.
Furnish the Chief Steward, Chief Driving Instructor and Event Chair any times and
results that they may request.
Maintain records of official times and lap charts (optional) for all competing vehicles.
Compile and publish the official results of Qualifying and Track Trials, submit copies of
completed official results to the Scorekeeper for distribution to the Chief Steward and
the organizers.
Sound Control Chief
The Sound Control Chief shall be responsible for monitoring the sound level of
competing vehicles. Sound readings will be taken in accordance with Appendix C.
Specifically, Sound Control shall:
Review or establish sound meter monitoring location.
Establish how reading(s) shall be made.
Advise the Chief Steward of the readings.
Submit post-race reports to the Chief Steward.
Monitor weather and ambient conditions throughout the day.
Perform field calibration in accordance with the Sound Control Manual for sound meter,
microphone, or other instruments.
Obtain yearly calibration of equipment from manufacturer or qualified laboratory.
Flagging and Communications
General Organization
The Flagging and Communications (F&C) Chief shall be responsible for the
establishment and operation of the Flagging and Communications team. The purpose
of this team shall be to provide course control by:
Informing the Chief Steward and other officials, through the communication network, of
the condition of the course and the competing vehicles, and of any situation requiring
decisions and/or action by the officials;
Relaying information and instructions from the Chief Steward to the persons operating
the various emergency vehicles and equipment around the course as well as to the
competing drivers and corner worker personnel;
Undertaking emergency action needed to protect the lives and property of drivers,
workers, or spectators in the event of an accident;
Maintaining a clear course.
Central Control Station
The F&C Chief shall have charge of the Central Control Station where all
communications affecting the control of the event are carried out. The Central Control
Station shall maintain immediate liaison with the Chief Steward and all corner
stations.
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Corner Stations
Number - There shall be a sufficient number of corner stations established and
manned to keep the entire course under observation at all times and to protect all
areas of the course not immediately visible to oncoming drivers.
Location - Each corner station shall be located in accordance with the following
considerations:
The flaggers shall have a clear view of the area to be covered.
Visibility of the flaggers to the oncoming drivers shall be maximized.
Protection for the corner workers from out of control automobiles shall be maximized.
Personnel - Each corner station shall be staffed with a minimum of two (2) unless
otherwise approved by the Safety Steward for the event. Personnel should be properly
dressed while on station. This means no shorts, tank tops, halter tops, beach wear,
etc., and no cameras or cell phones while the track is “hot”. It is highly recommended
that any person on station acting as a first responder should be wearing long sleeves
and pants of 100% cotton material for personal safety reasons.
Equipment - Each corner station shall be equipped with at least the following:
A device for communicating immediately, privately, and without interference with the
Central Control Station, other corner stations, and other stations as appropriate.
Flags as required by paragraph 03.06.02.c.
One dry chemical type fire extinguisher of at least 10 lb size (Two 10 lb extinguishers
are recommended.) If vehicles are using fuels that are based more than 50% alcohol by
volume, at least two water or foam extinguishers are also required.
Broom (push type) and absorbent materials (e.g. – grease sweep, oil dry, etc.).
The start/finish station shall have a green flag, a checkered flag, a red flag, two yellow
flags, a passing flag, a surface flag and a black flag.
Emergency Services
Purpose
Emergency Services Personnel and Equipment
The purpose of these organizations is to provide equipment and personnel needed to effect a
workable medical, towing, fire, and safety response to emergencies. Emergency services
personnel should be readily identifiable by some means other than the usual passes (e.g., vest,
arm bands, jackets).
Medical Personnel and Ambulance
Medical personnel on site need to be familiar with local, state, and federal regulations
for accident and medical emergencies. The following minimums apply:
There shall be a Basic Life Support (BLS) Unit on site staffed by at least two certified
caregivers, one of whom must be an EMT at minimum.
Medical personnel shall report to the Safety Steward for the event unless there is a
Chief of Emergency Services assigned.
It is recommended that the initial medical response, which may be an ambulance, occur
within two (2) minutes.
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Appendix A Course Worker Organization and Operation
Course Emergency Response
There shall be at least one (1) course response vehicle which shall be equipped as
specified below. It is recommended that the vehicle be stationed so it can reach any
point on the course within two minutes at a speed not to exceed 50 mph. The course
response vehicle MUST be staffed whenever the track is “hot” in order to facilitate a
rapid response to any on-track incident.
There shall be at least one person assigned to each course response vehicle who is
trained to use the equipment on the vehicle. It is recommended two persons be assigned
to each response vehicle. The course response vehicle shall be capable of flat towing a
disabled competitor vehicle.
The course response vehicle must contain at least 50 lbs of dry chemical and/or foam
extinguishers (in any combination) along with tow straps, brooms, pry bars, and
absorbent materials. If vehicles are using fuels that are greater than 50% alcohol by
volume, a minimum of four water and/or foam extinguishers are required in addition to
the dry chemical extinguishers. There shall also be at least one person assigned to each
response vehicle that is trained in fighting alcohol fuel fires.
Course Response personnel shall report to the Safety Steward unless there is a Chief of
Emergency Services assigned.
Wrecker
There shall be one wrecker or equivalent which shall be capable of lifting or removing
any race car from the event. The wrecker may also serve as a fire truck if it is equipped
as a course response vehicle.
There shall be at least one (1) person assigned to a wrecker who is trained to use the
equipment.
Wrecker personnel shall report to the Safety Steward unless there is a Chief of
Emergency Services assigned.
Telephone
There shall be an operating telephone or radio readily available to the Chief Steward
and Safety Steward which can contact community emergency services and hospitals.
Other Recommended Equipment
The following items should be immediately available to the response truck crew:
Sharp knife
Bolt cutters, 3 foot
Fire axe
Pry bars, 2 foot and 6 foot
Rope, (3/4 inch nylon/or strap, 6000 lb test), 30 feet
Bow saw (30 inch blades) or equivalent tool
Tool box, containing: vice grip pliers, hammer (5 lb), small pry bar, screwdrivers (flat
head and Phillips), chisel, tin shears, hack saw and blades, adjustable crescent
wrenches (large and small).
Oil dry compound
The equipment should be carried on the response vehicle, wrecker or MERV ( Multiple
Emergency Response Vehicle).
Comparable equipment may be substituted with the advance approval of the Chief
Steward and Safety Steward.
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Emergency Services Operating Rules
Emergency Response Plan
The Safety Steward shall, before allowing the commencement of the Energy Invitational, verify
that an Emergency Response Plan is in place.
The Organizer is responsible for preparing and distributing copies of the Emergency Response
Plan to the Event Chairperson, Chief Steward, Safety Steward, Chief of Medical Services and
medical services personnel.
The Emergency Response Plan shall include the following information:
• Who is in charge?
• Actions
o Who is to do what, when and where?
o Who calls and who responds?
o Assignment of these actions to positions
• Emergency Contact Information
o Who to contact
o Phone Number and location of nearest hospital
o Route to nearest hospital
• Who has the emergency contact information?
Telephone
The Safety Steward shall ensure that an operating telephone or radio is readily available for the
use of the Chief Steward and the Safety Steward which can contact community emergency
services and hospitals.
Dispatching
Dispatching of emergency vehicles on the track shall be authorized by the Chief Steward.
Dispatching procedures shall be agreed on in advance by the Chief Steward, Safety Steward,
Chief of Emergency Services if assigned and emergency response personnel.
Hospital Arrangements
The Medical Crew (crew staffing the on-site ambulance) shall establish a primary route
to the primary and secondary hospital prior to an event.
The Event Organizer shall confirm the availability of hospital staff and facilities.
Start of the Energy Invitational
All emergency vehicles shall be equipped and staffed at all times while competitor vehicles are
on course.
Suspension of the Energy Invitational
The Energy Invitational shall be suspended if the emergency response personnel and
equipment specified above are no longer on the premises or are unable to perform their
assigned duties.
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Appendix B Forced Idle Gate Illustration
Appendix B: Forced Idle Gate Illustration
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Appendix B Forced Idle Gate Illustration
Forced Idle Gates
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Appendix C Sound Level Measurement
Appendix C: Sound Level Measurement
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Appendix C Sound Level Measurement
1. Sound Level Monitoring
This appendix is presented in two sections: procedural rules and standards.
1.1 Procedural Rules
1. Competitors carry sole responsibility to determine that their vehicles comply with the
sound standard.
2. All vehicles may be monitored. Monitored readings may be posted for competitors’
information.
3. A driver registering a single sound level reading over the maximum for the event shall
not be black flagged.
4. Note: In this context, the term ”black flag” refers to either a standard black flag, or a
mechanical black flag.
5. A black-flagged driver must pit immediately. Failure to pit immediately when presented
with a black flag for a sound violation may result in disqualification from the event.
6. After being black-flagged for a sound level violation, a vehicle will not be allowed on the
track until significant changes are made to make the vehicle quieter.
7. A vehicle black flagged for excessive noise two times during the same event shall be
excluded from the event. No vehicle shall be re-included unless specifically permitted by
the Event Chairperson.
8. A mechanical failure of the muffler or exhaust system that is confirmed by Technical
Inspection will not be held against the driver; however, it must be satisfactorily fixed
before further on-track participation is allowed.
1.2 Sound Level Standards
1. A sound level instrument (meter) that meets American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) S1.4-1983 Class 2 or better shall be used.
2. A sound pressure level of 82 dBA is the maximum acceptable.
3. The measurement shall be a frequency weighted (dBA) measured on the fast response
setting. All sound readings shall be truncated to the lower whole number. (Anything
after the decimal point is ignored.)
4. The microphone shall be placed at 50 feet (+/- 2 feet) from the edge of the track
pavement, and/or artificial markers indicating track edge
5. The microphone shall be a minimum of 3.5 feet above the ground surface, a minimum
of 2.0 feet above the level of the roadway, and no more than 6 feet above the level of the
roadway.
6. Whenever possible, it is recommended that the microphone be located on the outside of
the track between the race vehicle and the outside perimeter of the racing facility,
aimed into infield areas.
7. Note: Proper location and use of all test instrumentation is essential to obtain valid
measurements.
8. Acoustic calibration procedures should include extension cable influence.
9. Field calibration shall be done at least every 4 hours while in the operating mode.
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Appendix D: Concept Car Space Frame and Frameless
Requirements
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Overview
The design, material and structural requirements for space frame and frameless structures to
be used in a non-commercial concept type vehicle are presented in this appendix. Frameless
vehicle safety structures are also presented.
The vehicle frame or monocoque structure must protect occupants from debris as well as
hazard due to a rollover or a crash with another vehicle, a barrier, a guardrail or a catch fence.
To facilitate this requirement, an occupant compartment that functions as a rollover structure
shall be incorporated in both space frame and frameless designs.
Competitors with modified commercial or concept vehicles must, during the competition
preparation period, submit a Structural Safety Report (SSR) with test results to the Chief
Technical and Safety Inspector and receive approval. The report must employ the SSR form
provided on the Competition website. It must show that the strength of the finished structure
and the protection provided by that structure satisfy the requirements presented in these
Rules. For monocoque structures, the SSR must show strength and protection equivalent to
that required for space frame structures.
1 Space Frames
1.1 Space Frame Design
An example of space frame design is provided in the following illustration.
To ensure adequate structural strength in non-commercial concept type vehicles, a space
frame design must be implemented using the material specified in section 1.3 of this appendix.
The frame members forward and aft of the occupant compartment may be crushable structures
that contribute to the impact attenuation requirements given in section 3.3 of this appendix.
Such impact attenuation structure may be employed in space frame structures as well.
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1.1.1 Occupant Compartment Design
The Primary structure of the occupant compartment is comprised of frame members that
function as a rollover structure. The front and rear bulkhead frame members must comprise
front and rear roll bars. The compartment may have either a low front bulkhead primary
structure at the height of the steering wheel, or a high front bulkhead at the height of the rear
bulkhead primary structure but with no lateral brace. With adequate bracing, the front
bulkhead may be in more than one plane. The rear bulkhead must be in one plane. The
compartment frame must be the full width of the vehicle frame.
On vehicles of full monocoque construction, a fabricated sheet metal front bulkhead structure
may be approved upon specific application to the Chief Technical and Safety Inspector.
1.1.1.1 Compatibility
For vehicles using space frame and frameless design, it is important that bulkhead primary
structure be attached to the vehicle frame in such a way as to spread the loads over a wide
area. It is not sufficient to simply attach the bulkhead primary structure to a vehicle frame
tube or junction of frame tubes. The bulkhead primary structure must be designed in such a
way as to be an extension of the vehicle frame itself, not simply an attachment to the frame.
Considerable care must be used to add as necessary to the vehicle frame structure so as to
properly distribute the loads.
1.1.1.2 Side Panels
Side panels protect occupants from side impacts. Longitudinal frame members comprise the
skeleton of side panels. To enable doors to open and shut, the top longitudinal frame members
in the side panels are optional. If used, they are overlapped over-lapped in the door frames to
keep the door from being driven inward by a side impact. The lower longitudinal frame
members in the side panels must extend from front to rear bulkhead below the bottom of the
door.
1.1.1.3 Bulkheads
A bulkhead primary structure must be designed to withstand compression forces resulting
from the weight of the car coming down on the structure, and to take fore-and-aft loads
resulting from the vehicle skidding along the ground on the structure.
The front and rear bulkhead primary structures must be high enough that a straight line
drawn from the top of the rear structure to the top of the front structure would pass over the
steering wheel as illustrated in the following illustration.
A line drawn from the top of the front to the top of the rear bulkhead primary structure shall be
a minimum of two inches above the helmet of either the tallest occupant or a ninety-fifth
percentile male when that occupant is sitting in a normal position.
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The two vertical members comprising the sides of a bulkhead primary structure shall not be
less than fifteen inches apart (inside dimension) at the attachment point to the vehicle frame. It
is recommended that a bulkhead primary structure extend the full width of the compartment
to provide maximum bearing area in all soil conditions during a rollover. The two vertical
members must be not less than fifteen inches apart, inside dimension, at their attachment
points to the uppermost primary frame member.
An occupant compartment bulkhead shall not have an aerodynamic effect by creating a vertical
thrust.
1.1.1.4 Bulkhead Primary Structure Bracing
Rear Bulkhead Bracing
The rear bulkhead primary structure must have 2 forward braces extending from the primary
structure and attached to the frame, monocoque, or front bulkhead primary structure. Braces
must be attached as near as possible to the top of the rear bulkhead primary structure but
must not be more than 6 inches below the top and at an included angle of at least 30 degrees.
If these braces do not extend to the front bulkhead primary structure, an additional brace or
gusset (14 gauge - .078” minimum thickness) must be installed between the vehicle lower and
upper frame rails at the point of attachment of the forward bulkhead primary structure brace.
If these braces do not extend to the front bulkhead primary structure, an additional brace or
gusset must be installed at the point of attachment to the main rear bulkhead primary
structure or lower vehicle frame rail or other major frame member in such a manner as to
reinforce the attachment point to help prevent collapse of the frame rail at the point of
attachment. These tubes shall be 1” x .080” minimum and gussets shall be 14 gauge - .078”
minimum thickness.
Non-commercial concept vehicles with full width rear bulkhead primary structures must
incorporate a lateral brace to prevent lateral distortion of the hoop (See following illustration).
All bracing on full-width cages in concept vehicles under 1500 lbs. may use bracing with a
minimum dimension of 1.0” diameter by .080” wall thickness. Braces attached to monocoque
chassis must be welded to plates not less than .080” thick and backed up on the inner side by
plates of equal thickness using bolts of Grade 5 or better with 5/16” minimum diameter.
Front Bulkhead Bracing
The front bulkhead primary structure must have 2 braces near its top extending forward to
protect the driver’s legs. It is recommended that this bracing extend to the bulkhead in front of
the driver’s feet; but in any case it must be integrated into the vehicle frame to provide
substantial support for the front bulkhead primary structure. Full-width front bulkhead
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primary structure bracing shall be a minimum dimension of 1.0” diameter by .080” wall
thickness tubing.
Non-commercial concept type vehicles under 1500 lbs., may use tubing with a minimum
dimension of 1.0” diameter by .080” wall thickness. When monocoque construction is used as
bracing for the front bulkhead primary structure, it must be approved on an individual basis. If
a high front bulkhead primary structure is used, it must be similar in shape to the rear
bulkhead primary structure and have two horizontal tubes connecting the top of the front
bulkhead primary structure to the top of the rear bulkhead primary structure. The bracing for
the rear bulkhead primary structure remains the same.
1.2 Space Frame Material Selection
1.2.1 Metallic Space Frames
Frame members shall be either seamless, drawn over mandrel (DOM) mild steel tubing (SAE
1010, 1020, 1025) or equivalent. Chrome molybdenum alloy steel tubing (SAE 4130) may also
be used. Mild steel tubing is preferred because chromium alloys present difficulties in welding
and must be normalized to relieve stress. Proof of the use of alloy steel will be the responsibility
of the entrant. Electric resistance welded (ERW) tubing is not permitted.
For purposes of determining tubing sizes, the vehicle weight is without fuel and driver. The
minus tolerance for wall thickness should not be less than .010” below the nominal thickness.
Minimum frame member tubing sizes (All dimensions in inches):
Vehicle Weight Without Round tubing size (inches)
Fuel or Driver (outer diameter x wall thickness)
Up to 1700 lbs. 1.375 x .080
1.500 x .095
1701-2699 lbs.
1.625 x .080
1.500 x .120
Over 2699 lbs.
2.000 x .080
The minus tolerance for wall thickness should not be less than .010" below the nominal
thickness. Use of square rather than round tubing is permitted if structural adequacy is shown
in a Structural Safety Report (SSR) submitted to the Chief Technical and Safety Inspector using
the SSR template from the Competition website and approved during the Competition
Preparation period.
1.2.2 Non-Metallic Space Frames
Non-metallic composite construction shall be proven to meet FIA specifications for non-metallic
composite chassis by submission of a Structural Safety Report (SSR) to the Chief Technical and
Safety Inspector using the template. Concept vehicles weighing up to 1300 lbs. shall meet the
requirements listed in FIA article 258A or 275 for single seat sports racers. Vehicles over 1300
lbs. shall meet the requirements of FIA article 258A only.
1.3 Space Frame Construction
1.3.1 Occupant Compartment Frame Construction
1.3.1.1 Bulkhead Frame Construction
One continuous length of tubing must be used for a bulkhead primary structure member with
smooth continuous bends and no evidence of crimping or wall failure.
Bulkhead primary frame member bend requirements are as follows:
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The minimum radius of any bend shall equal to or greater than three times the tube diameter
measured from the tube centerline.
The primary frame member in the rear bulkhead may have a maximum of four bends. The total
curvature of the bends must be 180º ± 10º. No bends are permitted in the rear bulkhead primary
structure supports.
The primary frame member in the front bulkhead may have a maximum of four bends. The total
curvature of the bends must be 180º ± 10º. Alternatively, a maximum of two bends is permitted
in front down tubes.
If any of the above bend requirements cannot be met, all components of the rollover structure shall be
fabricated from the tubing size(s) listed for the next heavier category of vehicle.
Where bolts and nuts are used, the bolts shall be at least 3/8 inch diameter SAE Grade 5 or
equivalent aircraft quality.
The front bulkhead primary structure should extend to the vehicle belly pan. If it does not, it
shall be attached to the vehicle frame with gussets and triangulation in order to spread the
loads.
All welding of a bulkhead primary structure member must be such that the minimum outside
width measured at a point four inches below the uppermost point is twelve inches. Whenever
possible the bulkhead primary structure member should start from the floor of the vehicle and,
in the case of tube frame construction, be attached to the chassis tubes by means of gussets or
sheet metal webs in order to distribute the loads.
Welding shall conform to American Welding Society D1.1:2002, Structural Welding Code, Steel
Chapter 10, Tubular Structures. Whenever reference to “the Engineer” is made, this shall be
interpreted to be the entrant. Welds shall be continuous around the entire tubular structure.
All welds shall be visually inspected and shall be acceptable if the following conditions are
satisfied:
The weld shall have no cracks.
Thorough fusion shall exist between weld metal and base metal.
All craters shall be filled to the cross section of the weld.
Undercut shall be no more than 0.01 inch deep.
On monocoque frame the rear bulkhead primary structure shall be welded to mounting plates
not less than .080” thick. It is important that these plates be attached to the monocoque frame
in such a way as to spread the loads over a wide area. There shall be a plate of equal thickness
on the inside of the monocoque with solid rivets or bolts (5/16” minimum bolt diameter)
through the non-ferrous material.
Aluminum bronze or silicon bronze welding technique is permitted, but extreme care shall be
used in preparation of parts before bronze welding and in the design of the attaching joint.
It is recommended that steel gusset plates be used at all welds. Gussets should be at least two
inches long on each leg and 3/16 inches thick.
An inspection hole of at least 3/16 inch diameter must be drilled in a non-critical area of a
bulkhead primary structure member to facilitate verification of wall thickness. This should be
at least three inches from any weld or bend.
It is recommended that a bulkhead primary structure member be coated only with a light coat
of paint. If it should be chrome-plated, it is recommended that the structure be normalized.
1.3.1.2 Bulkhead Bracing
The rear bulkhead primary structure member must have two fore/aft braces with tubing of
dimensions at least equal to that required of a primary frame member. If the fore/aft bracing
must be removable, the connection between the bulkhead frame and the brace rod must be of
the double-lug type fabricated from material at least 3/16 inch thick and welded through a
double or gusset arrangement to avoid distortion or excessive strains caused by welding. It is
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recommended that the fore/aft brace be attached to a chassis member through a double-lug
connection.
Diagonal lateral bracing of equal dimension tubing must be installed to prevent lateral
distortion of the rear bulkhead frame. In most cases, a lateral brace from the bottom corner of
the bulkhead frame on one side to the top corner on the other side is sufficient. Although
installing the diagonal lateral brace in the main bulkhead frame is the strongest and hence
most preferable alternative, there may be instances where such an installation is not practical.
In such situations, the installation of the diagonal brace from the bottom of the aft brace on
one side to the top corner of the main bulkhead frame on the other side will be acceptable. The
bracing must be attached as near as possible to the top of the bulkhead frame, but not more
than six inches below the top of it, and at an included angle of at least thirty degrees. If a
single brace is used, it must be attached at the top of the main bulkhead frame.
1.3.1.3 Bulkhead Padding
Braces and portions of the rear bulkhead primary structure subject to contact by an
occupant’s helmet when seated normally and with a restraint system on, must be padded with
a non-resilient material such as Ethafoam (R) or Ensolite (R) or other similar material with a
minimum thickness of one-half inch. Padding meeting SFI spec 45.1 or FIA 8857-2001 is
strongly recommended.
2. Frameless Structures
2.1 Frameless Design
Rules for design of safety structures for frameless vehicles are presented in section 3 of this
appendix.
2.2 Frameless Material
Non-metallic composite construction shall be proven to meet FIA specifications for non-metallic
composite chassis by submission of a Structural Safety Report (SSR) to the Chief Technical and
Safety Inspector using the template. Concept vehicles weighing up to 1300 lbs. shall meet the
requirements listed in FIA article 258A or 275 for single seat sports racers. Vehicles over 1300
lbs. shall meet the requirements of FIA article 258A only.
2.3 Frameless Construction
On monocoque chassis, the main hoop shall be welded to mounting plates not less than .080”
thick. It is important that these plates be attached to the chassis in such a way as to spread
the loads over a wide area. There shall be a plate of equal thickness on the inside of the
monocoque with solid rivets or bolts (5/16” minimum bolt diameter) through the non-ferrous
material.
3. Safety Structures for Frameless Vehicles
The basic purpose of safety structures is to protect the vehicle occupants. This purpose is the
primary design and construction consideration.
3.1 Rollover Structures for Frameless Vehicles
Rules pertaining to design, material and fabrication of rollover structures to be used in
frameless concept vehicles are presented in this section. These rules modify and supplement
the rules pertaining to rollover structures for space frame construction.
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Cars may compete with FIA homologated cages provided the cage was built by the
manufacturer or a manufacturer-designated shop/team and approved for use.
Any rollover structure design which does not comply with the following specifications will only
be considered if it is accompanied by engineering specifications signed by a registered engineer.
No alternate rollover structure will be considered unless the rear roll bar tubing has a
minimum size of 1.375” OD x .080” wall thickness. The rear roll bar must be capable of
withstanding the following stress loading applied simultaneously to the top of the roll bar:
(X) laterally
(X) longitudinally in both the fore and aft directions
(X) vertically
where (X) = the minimum weight of the car.
3.1.1 Design of Rollover Structures for Frameless Vehicles
All vehicles must have at least two rollover structures. Use of titanium in them is prohibited. In
non-commercial vehicles, these rollover structures are incorporated in the occupant
compartment primary structure.
Basic Considerations
The basic purpose of a safety rollover structure is to protect the driver if the car turns over, runs
into an obstacle such as a guardrail or catch fence, or is struck by another car. It shall be
designed to withstand compression forces from the weight of the car coming down on the rollover
structure and to take fore/aft and lateral loads resulting from the car skidding along on its
rollover structure.
No portion of the safety rollover structure shall have an aerodynamic effect by creating a vertical
thrust.
Rollover structure and engine design shall prevent engine intrusion into the driver compartment.
3.1.1.1 Design of Front Rollover Structure for Frameless Vehicles
The forward rollover structure must be in front of the steering wheel, not more than 9.58 in.
(25 cm.) forward of the steering wheel rim, and at least as high as the top of the steering wheel
rim. It shall be attached to the chassis with gussets and triangulation in order to spread the
loads. A steel cap plate, not less than 0.080" thick must be attached as a rub block.
3.1.1.2 Design of Rear Rollover Structure for Frameless Vehicles
The rear rollover structure must be at least 19.7 in. (50 cm.) behind the front structure. It
must be high enough for a line extending from the top of the front structure to the top of the
rear structure to pass at least two inches over the helmet top of a ninety-fifth percentile male
driver or the tallest driver, whichever is greater. For this measurement, the driver must be
seated normally in the car with helmet on and restraint system fastened. This rear structure
must be symmetrical about the lengthwise centerline of the car.
On a frameless vehicle, a rear rollover structure will not be considered unless the minimum
primary structure tubing size in it is1.375” OD x .080” wall thickness. Supplemental braces
must have a minimum tubing size of 1.00” x .080” wall thickness. The rear rollover structure
must be capable of withstanding the following stress loading applied simultaneously to the top
of the primary structure:
1.5 (X) laterally
(X) longitudinally in either direction
(X) vertically
where (X) = the minimum weight of the car.
The induced loads must be carried over into the primary structure of the frame. The ability of
the roll bar to bear and distribute this load through the frame must be demonstrated
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satisfactorily in test conditions to the Technical Inspectors. A report of these tests must be
submitted to the Chief Technical and Safety Inspector and approved during Competition
preparation. The report must be prepared using the template on the Competition website.
3.1.1.3 Design of Braces for Frameless Vehicle Rollover Structures
Front Hoop Bracing
Front hoop bracing shall be approved on an individual basis.
The front hoop must have two braces near its top extending forward to protect the driver's legs.
It is recommended that this bracing extend to a point in front of the driver's feet. In any case, it
must be integrated into the chassis to provide substantial support for the front hoop.
Full width front hoop bracing shall be a minimum dimension 1.0 inch diameter by 0.080 wall
thickness mild steel tubing.
If a high front hoop is used, it must be similar in shape to the rear hoop and have two
horizontal tubes connecting the top of the front hoop to the top of the rear hoop.
Rear Hoop Bracing
The rear hoop must have two forward braces extending from the hoop and attached to the
monocoque or front hoop. Braces must be attached as near as possible to the top of the hoop
but must not be more than six inches below the top and at an included angle of at least 30
degrees. If these braces do not extend to the front hoop, an additional brace or gusset (14
gauge – 0.078 inch minimum thickness) must be installed between the lower frame rail and the
upper frame rail of the cage at the point of attachment of the forward hoop brace. If these
braces do not extend to the front hoop, an additional brace or gusset must be installed at the
point of attachment to the main rear hoop or lower frame rail or other major frame member in
such a manner as to reinforce the attachment point to help prevent collapse of the frame rail at
the point of attachment. These tubes shall be 1.0" OD x .080" wall thickness minimum.
Gussets shall be 14 gauge by .078” minimum thickness.
Non-commercial concept vehicles with full-width main hoops must incorporate a lateral brace
to prevent lateral distortion of the hoop. All bracing on full width cages must be the same
diameter and wall thickness as the main hoop. Non-commercial concept vehicles under 1500
lbs., may use bracing with a minimum dimension of 1.0” diameter by .080” wall thickness.
Braces attached to monocoque chassis must be welded to plates not less than .080” thick and
backed up on the inner side by plates of equal thickness using bolts of Grade 5 or better with
5/16” minimum diameter.
3.1.2 Material for Frameless Vehicle Rollover Structures
Seamless, or DOM (Drawn Over Mandrel) mild steel tubing (SAE 1010, 1020, 1025) or
equivalent, or alloy steel tubing (SAE, 4130) shall be used for all rollover structure structures.
Proof of use of alloy steel is the responsibility of the entrant.
Minimum tubing sizes for all required rollover structure elements (All dimensions in inches):
Vehicle Weight Round tubing size (inches)
Without Fuel or (outer diameter x wall
Driver thickness)
Up to 1700 lbs. 1.375 x 0.080
1701-2699 lbs. 1.50 x 0.095 or 1.625 x 0.080
1.50 x 0.120 or 1.750 x 0.095
Over 2699 lbs.
or 2.00 x .080
The minus tolerance for wall thickness should not be less than .010” below the nominal
thickness. Square tubing may be used if structural equivalency is show by test or certification
on a Structural Safety Report (SSR) submitted to the Chief Technical and Safety Inspector
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using the SER template from the Competition website and approved during the Competition
Preparation period.
3.1.3 Construction of Frameless Vehicle Rollover Structures
An inspection hole at least 3/16 inch diameter, but no greater than 1/4 inch diameter shall be
drilled in a visible, noncritical area of the front and rear hoop as well as the one of the
supplemental braces to facilitate verification of wall thickness. Alternatively, vehicles with
commercially designed and manufactured roll structures are not required to have inspection
holes provided that the material and wall thickness are certified by the manufacturer.
One continuous length of tubing shall be used for the main hoop member with smooth
continuous bends and no evidence of crimping or wall failure. The radius of bends in the
rollover structure hoop (measured at centerline of tubing) shall not be less than 3 times the
diameter of the tubing. Whenever possible, the rollover structure hoop should start from the
floor of the car, and, in the case of tube frame construction, be attached to the chassis tubes
by means of gussets or sheet metal webs with support tubes beneath the joints to distribute
the loads. It is recommended that gussets be used.
All welding must include full penetration, no cold lap, no surface porosity, no crater porosity,
no cracks, no whiskers, and so forth. Welds shall be continuous around the entire tubular
structure. Procedures for welding alloy steel shall be in accordance with accepted industry
practice. It is recommended that a certified AWS D1.1 welder do all welding.
Aluminum bronze or silicon bronze welding technique is permitted, but extreme care shall be
used in preparation of parts before bronze welding and in the design of the attaching joints.
Forward braces and portions of the main hoop subject to contact by an occupant’s helmet (as
seated normally and restrained by seatbelt/shoulder harness) shall be padded with a non-
resilient material with a minimum thickness of 1/2 inch. Padding meeting SFI spec 45.1 or FIA
8857-2001 is strongly recommended.
Braces attached to monocoque chassis must be welded to plates not less than 0.80" thick and
backed up on the inner side by plates of equal thickness using bolts of Grade 5 or better with
5/16 inch minimum diameter.
3.2 Repair of Frameless Construction
Damage to commercially manufactured survival cell or other frameless (monocoque)
construction must be evaluated and, if necessary, repaired at a repair facility recognized by the
manufacturer and approved by the Chief Technical and Safety Inspector. Non-commercial
frameless construction must either be replaced or evaluated and, if necessary, at such a
recognized facility. Certification by the repair facility of work performed is required in both
cases.
After damage, no vehicle with composite frame construction will be allowed to compete without
following this procedure.
3.3 Impact Attenuation for Frameless Vehicles
Radiators may be incorporated in impact attenuation structures.
Composite impact attenuation structures may incorporate carbon and/or Kevlar regardless of
any class restrictions on materials.
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3.3.1 Front Impact Attenuation for Frameless Vehicles
A non-commercial concept type vehicle must have a front impact attenuation device meeting at
least one of the following criteria:
An FIA-approved front impact attenuation structure.
A metallic structure, securely attached to the front bulkhead, with a minimum cross section of
200 sq cm (31 sq in.), 40 cm (15.75 in.) forward of the clutch and brake pedals (not depressed),
constructed of a minimum of 18 gauge 6061-T4 or equivalent aluminum.
A non-metallic composite structure, securely attached to the front bulkhead or incorporated into
the nose piece, with a minimum cross section of 200 sq cm (31 sq. in.), 40 cm (15.75 in.) forward
of the clutch and brake pedals (not depressed), constructed of a minimum of 6 mm stabilized
(e.g., honeycomb) material with inner and outer reinforcements of a minimum of 2 5-ounce
laminate material (fiberglass, carbon, Kevlar, and so on).
3.3.2 Rear Impact Attenuation for Frameless Vehicles
Rear impact attenuation structures are strongly recommended. They may incorporate the
design, materials and construction techniques listed for front impact attenuation structures.
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Appendix E Gaseous Fuel Storage and Handling in Vehicles
Appendix E: Gaseous Fuel Storage and Handling in Vehicles
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Appendix E Gaseous Fuel Storage and Handling in Vehicles
Propane, liquid propane gas (LPG) compressed natural gas (CNG), and liquid natural gas (LNG)
fuel may be used provided that the conditions in this appendix are met.
Containers
1. Gaseous fuel containers must conform to federal and local container standards and have
an emergency relief/cut-off control.
2. A label is required giving critical information regarding the cylinder manufacturer, the
service pressure, serial and/or model numbers and the container build date and
expiration date. The label must be visible.
3. Containers may only be repaired by DOT certified inspectors under DOT Regulation and
control.
4. Use of a high-pressure gas container not originally intended for gaseous fuel use must be
reviewed and approved during the Competition Preparation period.
Securing
1. Containers should be properly shielded from sunlight, cargo or road debris
2. To prevent damage from road hazards, slippage, loosening, or rotation, each container or
container cradle shall be secured to the vehicle body, or frame by either of the following
means:
a. Attach bolts not less than 7/16 inches in diameter that meet SAE Grade 5 threaded fasteners
and self-locking nuts to at least four securing points where bolts pierce body metal but not
the frame. Reinforce both sides of each securing point with metal plates of at least 1/8 inch
thick and 7 sq in. in area.
b. Incorporate manufacturer’s recommended brackets.
Either container cradle shall be capable of restraining the cylinder when subjected to a force
of eight times the weight of the fully loaded cylinder in six principle directions without moving
over one half inch.
1. Rubber gaskets shall be installed under the clamping bands to provide insulation
between the bands and the containers
2. The weight of the container shall not in any way be supported by outlets, valves,
manifolds or other fuel connection.
Venting Systems
1. Cylinder valves and fittings mounted in the occupant compartment must be properly
vented to the outside. No gas from fueling and gagging operations or from relief valves can
be released into the occupant compartment. For purposes of this rule, the trunk is
considered part of the occupant compartment.)
2. Vent lines must be adequately secured, have a burst pressure at least 1 ½ times the
pressure of an activated Pressure Relief Device (PRD) and capable of withstanding 1120°F
for 20 minutes (reference CGA-6.4).
Lines
1. Lines shall be constructed of metal other than aluminum. Flexible metallic lines shall be
used when necessary.
2. Lines shall be located as far from the exhaust outlet as is practicable and shall direct
escaping gas upward within 45 degrees or more of vertical. Escaping gas shall not be
directed into wheel wells or other vehicles or at engine air intakes (Edited CA Vehicle
Code).
3. Supply lines shall be supported at least every 24 inches and shall be prevented from
sagging.
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4. Lines shall be mounted or supported to minimize vibrations and breakage due to strain or
wear. (This suggests stress loops or vibration loops between moving parts.) (CA Vehicle
Code)
5. Aluminum pipe, tubing, or fittings shall not be used between the container and first-stage
regulator. Copper tubing, when used, shall be seamless and conform to ASTM B88 types
K or L.
Valves
1. Every cylinder must have a manually operated shutoff valve screwed directly into the
tank connection. It must not require more that 90 degrees rotation (quarter turn valve) to
close and marked with the words “MANUAL SHUT-OFF VALVE.” (Decals or stencils are
acceptable.)
2. Access to the manual shutoff valve shall not require the use of any tool or key.
3. An automatic fuel supply shut-off valve shall be installed in a protected location adjacent
to the manual shut-off valve and shall be marked with the words “AUTOMATIC SHUT-
OFF VALVE.” The automatic shut-off valve shall be wired so it shuts off when the ignition
switch is in the off or accessory positions and when engine vacuum or oil pressure is not
present.
4. A final valve that automatically prevents the flow of gas to the engine when the engine is
not running, even with the key on, is also required. NOTE: electronic fuel injectors meet
this requirement.
5. Valves must be securely mounted and protected.
Pressure Gauges
While pressure gauges are optional, they do serve to give technicians the best information on
system status before any service is performed. If used they:
Cannot allow gas into the occupant compartment
Must be equipped with shatterproof lens, and an internal pressure relief
Must have a limiting orifice (that reduces dial fluctuation)
Shall be securely mounted and shielded
Electrical Equipment
Radio transmitters, radio receivers, electric motors, or other electrical equipment (except
vehicle lamps and wiring) shall not be mounted in a compartment with "CNG," "LNG," or "LPG,"
fuel supply containers unless one of the following conditions is met:
All piping and all connectors and valves on the fuel supply containers are exterior to and sealed
from the compartment containing electrical equipment, or
All piping, connectors, and valves within the compartment are contained in a vapor-tight enclosure
and vented to the atmosphere exterior of the vehicle, or
The electrical equipment is contained in a vapor-tight enclosure that is vented to the atmosphere
exterior of the vehicle, or
The electrical equipment is approved for use in Class I, Division II, “Hazardous Locations,” in
accordance with Article E501, Title 24, CA Code of Regulations.
Fueling Connections
Reference NFPA 52 & Cal Vehicle Code 13CA ADC 396
1. Fueling receptacles must be mounted to withstand a breakaway force beyond that
specified for the dispenser hose (currently 150 lbs)
2. Clearance around the fueling connection is required to prevent interference with the
fueling nozzle
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Appendix E Gaseous Fuel Storage and Handling in Vehicles
Signage
1. Any vehicle which carries liquefied petroleum gas fuel or natural gas, in a tank attached
to a vehicle, in any concealed area, including trunks, compartments, or under the vehicle,
shall display on the exterior of the vehicle the letters "CNG," "LNG," or "LPG," whichever
type fuel is utilized, in block letters at least one inch high. The letters shall be of
contrasting color and shall be placed as near as possible to the area of the location of the
tank and clearly visible to emergency workers (CA Motor Vehicle Std, Edited).
2. All vehicles using gaseous fuels must have the identifier for their fuel type appended to
the car number. These letters shall be at least four (4) inches high, with a half (1/2) inch
stroke on a contrasting background. This is to inform response workers of the presence of
the fuel.
Other Prohibitions
1. LPG or CNG may not be used in combination with another fuel.
2. The entire system must meet local ordinances covering the use and transmission of
compressed gas.
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Appendix F Supplementary Regulations
Appendix F: Supplementary Regulations
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Appendix F Supplementary Regulations
Paddock Rules
For the purposes of Track Trials events, the term Paddock is defined as the area reserved for
the parking of or working on participating automobiles. This area is defined as a “cold” area,
and, as such, is open to spectators unless otherwise restricted.
1. The entrant shall provide a fire extinguisher in their pit and paddock at all times. A BC-
type or an ABC-type extinguisher in good working order with adequate capacity
(minimum ten (10) lbs) is required. This extinguisher is in addition to any which must be
carried in the vehicle and in addition to those supplied by the Organizer.
2. Fuel, oil, water, electrical power, and compressed air are the responsibility of the entrant.
3. Fuel regulations:
a. Under no circumstances shall fuel be allowed in the paddock / pit areas, except in approved
and authorized refueling containers or tanks, during any portion of an event.
b. Entrants are urged to refuel on concrete areas if available.
c. When refueling, the engine must be shut off, and the driver must be out of the car. A crew
member must be stationed at the car with an ABC-type fire extinguisher having a minimum
capacity of ten (10) lbs. The car cannot be jacked up when refueling is in process, should it be
urgent to push it.
d. The Performance Engineering Competition reserves the right to allow fuel storage or vehicle
re-fueling only in designated areas.
e. Surface damage caused by the spilling of fuel, solvent, oil or any other material may result in
the track charging the entrant for damage to the surface or required clean up. The paddock
and pit stalls of a competitor are the entrant’s responsibility not the crewmembers’. A
competitor should keep water on hand in the paddock in case of a fuel spill. A gasoline spill
can quickly destroy the asphalt surface, if not washed away with water. The bill to fix the
damage can quickly add up to $1,000 for which the entrant will be liable.
4. Do not plug into any track power outlet without permission.
5. Working on vehicles: The following rules apply to working on vehicles in the pits or
Paddock:
a. Cars shall not be run in gear with the drive wheels off the ground.
b. Jack stands must be used whenever any person is under any part of a lifted vehicle. Cars and
other heavy objects must be supported with jack stands and such must have a wood, metal
or other pad between it and the asphalt to distribute the weight and avoid damage to the
surface. Entrants will be charged for asphalt repairs caused by improper or inadequate jack
support.
c. All vehicles must be securely held in place via chock, stand, or other positive method
whenever the driver is not seated in the driver’s seat.
6. Gas Cylinders: All compressed air bottles/gas cylinders with a pressure of over two
hundred pounds per square inch (200 PSI) must have a protective structure around their
gauges and valves and must be securely fastened vertically so as not to topple over, or
shall be fully enclosed in a structure, such as a rollaway or “crash cart”. This structure
must serve to prevent head breakage AND containment, should the head break off.
7. Paddock Roads: No parking in fire lanes. There must be a clear and straight twenty-foot
fire lane free of vehicles, awnings and equipment. Violators of this ordinance will be
immediately required to clear the lane upon order of any Safety Steward or a Competition
official. Violators may also be cited and fined by County Fire or County or State Police
agencies in addition to being required to move from the fire lane.
8. The speed limit in the paddock is 15 mph for any vehicle other than emergency vehicles.
9. Passengers: No one may ride outside the occupant compartment or on the coach work of
any automobile, any time, anywhere.
10. Proper parking is a must to ensure that all participants will fit into the paddock.
Improperly parked vehicles will be towed at the owners’ expense.
11. Skate boards (motorized or manual, with or without stand-up handlebars or seat), roller
blades and roller skates (motorized or manual) and Segway™ are prohibited from use in
all areas of the event site. No one without a valid state driver’s license may operate any
mode of transportation in the paddock. The Safety Steward will make the determination
of vehicles qualifying under this regulation.
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12. All incidents involving injury and/or property damage that occur on the event site or that
are associated with the event shall be reported as soon as possible to the Organizer, Chief
Steward and Safety Steward.
13. Children must remain under CLOSE adult supervision at all times.
14. Participants will be held responsible for any damage they cause to the paddock, pit lane,
track, fencing, bathrooms, and any other objects. NO STAKES or any other object may be
driven into pavement.
15. Shorts are permitted in the paddock, unless track rules prohibit them.
16. Do not litter or leave any mess.
17. Hazardous Waste Materials: Any person bringing hazardous waste materials to the track
must remove all such materials from the track. Hazardous waste must not be abandoned
at the site. Whenever the track provides an official used-oil dump station/fuel station,
appropriate and approved fluids may be deposited there. Charges and other sanctions will
be assessed for violations. Violators may also be subject to a minimum fine of $500 per
offense imposed by track management.
18. Tires will not be abandoned at the site. The expense for disposal of tires will be billed to
the owner.
19. Canopies, awnings, “Easy-ups”, and other such devices must be securely fastened and
secured against wind. The owner is responsible and liable for their property.
20. Pets at the track:
a. Pets are prohibited in the grid, pits and impound.
b. It is recommended that all pets be left at home. Not all tracks permit pets. However, should a
pet be brought to a track allowing pets, the following conditions apply:
i. The owner is fully responsible for the actions of their pet(s), and for any liability arising
from those actions. This means cleaning up after them.
ii. A pet in the paddock must be appropriately confined or securely fastened to a leash or
chain not to exceed 3 meters in length. This leash or chain must be securely held by a
stationary object or must be controlled by an adult at all times.
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Appendix F Supplementary Regulations
Pit Lane Rules
The area that is part of or connects with the access roads leading to and from the racing
surface is defined as pit lane. Pit lane shall be a “hot” area by definition and personnel access
to it shall be restricted. There must be a protective barrier between the hot pit lane and the
area where support equipment and crews are located.
1. All personnel in the pit area must be adequately attired (closed-toe shoes covering the
entire foot, long pants and sleeved shirts) at all times during practice, qualifying and
the Track Trials. Shorts are not permitted in the pit lane.
2. Pit lane is restricted to working crew members only. Spectators and non-essential team
members are not permitted. All crew members in the pit lane must at all times display
their dynamic area ID and/or verification of registration.
3. The speed limit in the pit lane is five (5) mph for any vehicle other than emergency
vehicles.
4. Bicycles are prohibited in the pit lane.
5. Pets are prohibited in the pit lane.
6. Smoking is not allowed at any time in the pit lane.
7. The starter motor will not be used as a means of propulsion in the pits.
8. Service Stops
a. When a car stops at its pit at any time during practice, qualifying or track trails, only the
people listed here may be over the pit wall in the working pit area: drivers involved in a
driver’s change, an identified service company representative examining a car’s
components, and no more than four (4) crew members.
b. Before a car stops in its pit, a crew member supervising the pit stop may be over the wall to
signal the driver in. All other personnel and equipment must remain behind the pit wall
until the car comes to a complete stop.
c. The crew member supervising the pit stop must always be observing the work being done.
Only after the pit stop supervisor has verified that all work has been completed and that all
equipment has been secured may they signal the driver out. Collisions in the pit lane will
be severely dealt with by the Chief Steward.
d. A maximum of two (2) crew persons per car will be permitted trackside (in a designated
location) for the purpose of signaling during Practice, Qualifying and Track Trails. Crew
members may not go to the signaling area without the permission of a pit lane official.
Personnel crossing the pit lane will be kept to a minimum.
e. Each entrant must make their own arrangements for handling gasoline, water and oil in
their pit. Spillage and/or careless handling of fuel, water, or oil will not be tolerated and
may result in a fine or other penalty being assessed. It is the responsibility of the crew to
clean up any fuel, water, or oil spills onto the pit space or pit lane as soon as possible.
f. Refueling
i. Refueling a competing vehicle during Track Trials is prohibited.
ii. Under no circumstances shall fuel be allowed in the pit area, except in approved
and authorized refueling containers or tanks, during any portion of an event.
iii. Addition of fuel (as above) can only be done in the pit and the paddock, and is
prohibited on the starting grid. No spillage will be tolerated.
iv. When refueling in the pit lane during Practice or Qualifying, the engine must be
shut off, and the driver must be out of the car. A crew member must be stationed
at the car with a fire extinguisher having a minimum capacity of ten (10) lbs. The
car cannot be jacked up when refueling is in process, should it be urgent to push
it.
v. Extreme care should be taken in the handling of fuels. Where local requirements
are posted, they become a part of the rules. Any individual found violating these
regulations will be subject to fine and may be removed from the pit area. The car
entrant will be responsible for the actions of their crew.
vi. Surface damage caused by the spilling of fuel, solvent, oil or any other material
may result in the track charging the entrant for damage to the surface or required
clean up. The driver’s paddock and pit stall is the entrant’s not the crewmembers’
responsibility.
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9. The entrant shall provide a fire extinguisher in their Pit and Paddock area at all times.
It must be in sufficient working order and of adequate capacity and type to combat a
gasoline fire (minimum ten (10) lbs. ABC-type extinguisher). The extinguisher is in
addition to that which must be carried in the car and in addition to that supplied by the
Organizer.
10. Pit carts, trolleys, 3-wheelers, tubs, air bottles/gas cylinders, etc. must be clearly
marked with the assigned vehicle number for easy identification.
11. All air bottles/gas cylinders must have a protective structure around their gauges and
valves when in the pit area.
12. The Stewards are empowered to penalize any car, if in their opinion the pit equipment
rules are violated. The decision to penalize may not be protested.
13. Adjustments may be made to the vehicle while in the pit area. Minor parts may be
removed or replaced. If major components are to be replaced the vehicle should be
removed to the paddock. This would include work that would require a crew member to
be under the vehicle for a length of time. The crew must stop working on their vehicle
and remove it to the paddock whenever in the opinion of the pit lane officials the
amount of work is excessive.
14. Jack stands must be used whenever any person is under any part of a lifted vehicle for
any time. Jack stands and such must have a wood, metal or other pad between it and
the asphalt to distribute the weight and avoid damage to the surface. Entrants will be
charged for asphalt repairs caused by improper or inadequate jack support.
15. All vehicles must be securely held in place via chock, stand, or other positive method
whenever the driver is not seated in the driver’s seat.
16. No tool which may cause sparks or a high temperature will be allowed in the pits.
17. Upon the signal of a pit lane official, cars at the release point waiting to enter the track
must immediately proceed onto the track and accelerate to speed. Any driver unable to
obey the official’s instructions must immediately take action to pull out of line or notify
an official of their problem. At no time will delays or slow pit speed be tolerated which,
in the opinion of pit lane officials are being done to gain clear track by creating a gap,
thereby delaying the line of cars behind.
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Appendix F Supplementary Regulations
On Track Procedures for All Sessions
1. While on the course, a car may not be moved using the starting device, except to relocate
to a position of greater safety.
2. Specific approval of the Chief Steward is required to drive a car in counter-course
direction at any time or under any condition during an event. Violating this rule will
result in penalties.
3. Drivers are required to follow the pavement or marked course.
a. Any course markers (pylons) displaced will result in a 2 second penalty.
b. Repeated or flagrant violations will result in an additional black flag penalty.
c. Repeated “Short Cutting” (2 wheels off the pavement) will result in a black flag penalty.
d. Every incident of “4 Wheels off” the pavement will result in a black flag penalty. This penalty
may not be protested and may not be appealed.
e. If you lose control of your car and go off the course, once you regain control proceed toward
the track surface, place your arm in the air to inform the corner worker that you are ready to
re-enter the track. Wait for instructions from the corner worker, do not re-enter the track
until instructed to do so by a course worker. As you re-enter the track stay on the same side
of the track you entered from so as to not cut in front of other traffic. If there is no corner
worker to assist your re-entry to the track, check for oncoming traffic, wait until it is safe to
proceed and enter on your own. Use good judgment!
4. Passing:
a. During Practice and Track Trials, passing is permitted only in designated passing zones. No
passing is permitted during the Qualifying session.
b. Any vehicle about to be lapped (overtaken) will be presented with a blue, passing flag.
c. Failure to give way at the first opportunity shall result in a black flag or other penalty.
d. Overtaking drivers should be allowed to pass at the next designated passing zone.
e. The Overtaking driver is responsible for the pass and to accomplish it safely.
f. The driver of the vehicle being overtaken should check their mirrors and then signal the
overtaking vehicle to pass. The signal should be made as clear as possible, by pointing
outside the window.
g. After being passed, the overtaken driver should again check their mirrors before pulling back
into line to ensure that there are no additional vehicles attempting to pass.
h. If there are more vehicles in a position to pass, as many as possible should be permitted to
pass before the end of the passing zone is reached. This may require that the vehicle being
passed slow to permit a safe pass.
i. Passing will not be permitted in any area of the course under a Yellow Flag Condition,
including designated passing zones. Passes under a Yellow Flag anywhere will result in a
black flag penalty.
5. If a vehicle has an issue that requires it to stop on course, it is to pull off the paved
surface as far as practicable.
a. A driver must make every effort to ensure that the stopped location does not pose a danger or
obstruction to other competitors. A driver may raise their hand in the air outside the vehicle
to signal the course workers that the vehicle will not be moving.
b. Unless otherwise instructed, a driver is to remain in the vehicle with all of their safety
equipment on until an emergency worker arrives to assist.
c. Under all circumstances, a driver is to follow all instruction of the course and emergency
workers.
d. Course workers will immediately initiate action to have a stopped car removed. Until the tow
truck arrives, the driver may attempt to restart the car and proceed.
e. If course or emergency workers provide assistance to a vehicle, it shall be given a DNF.
6. If a vehicle has an issue, but is capable of moving at a reduced speed it should proceed to
the designated course exit and stop at black flag in the pit lane for further instructions.
a. While on the course the driver should raise his hand outside the vehicle to signal the
following drivers that he is moving at reduced speed.
b. The driver should move off the normal line.
c. The driver must remain aware of following cars and signal them to pass.
d. Other vehicles are permitted to pass an obviously disabled vehicle anywhere on the course,
without penalty, but must use extreme caution.
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7. Any time a driver wishes to exit the course they should signal their intention to exit the
course and enter the pits by raising their arm.
8. A White Flag will be displayed if there is an emergency vehicle moving on the course.
Competitors are permitted to pass an emergency vehicle but are to use extreme caution
and follow any signals the emergency crew may give them
9. If a Red Flag is displayed, it means that there is a serious emergency situation somewhere
on the course and all competition is stopped.
a. The drivers are to look in their mirror(s), put a hand in the air to signal following competitors
that they are preparing to stop, and then
b. Come to an immediate, controlled stop at the RIGHT side of the race track or AS FAR TO THE
RIGHT AS CIRCUMSTANCES PERMIT (preferably before and within sight of a staffed flag
station).
c. Stay in the car with all safety equipment on; do not move until directed by a worker or
official.
d. When released by an official, proceed cautiously to the pits. There is to be no passing. Once a
red flag has been displayed, it will not be withdrawn until all cars have come to a stop.
e. Failure to come to a complete stop for a red flag will result in extremely severe penalties.
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Appendix F Supplementary Regulations
Practice Procedure
Commercial vehicles will be in one session. Non-commercial and modified commercial vehicles
will be in a separate session.
1. Practice will be for a fixed amount of time. The amount of time will be published in the
Competition Schedule, posted on the Information kiosk/bulletin board and announced at
the drivers meeting. There is no guaranteed number of laps. Any laps started before the
allowed time expires may be completed.
2. Vehicle sound levels will be monitored during Practice sessions. See the sound monitoring
procedure.
3. Pit lane
a. Pit lane is restricted to working crew members only. Spectators and non-essential team
members are not permitted on the pit lane. All crew members in the pit lane must at all times
display their dynamic area ID and verification of registration. Drivers must have driver IDs.
All personnel in the pit lane must be adequately attired. (See Supplementary Rules Pit Lane
procedure, attire.)
b. The speed limit in the pit lane is five (5) mph.
c. Vehicles that have passed Safety Technical Inspection may enter the pit lane “First Come, First
Serve” and proceed to the “stage lane”.
d. In the pit stage lane, the pit lane officials will check that all safety equipment is in place,
occupants are properly attired and the vehicle transponder is functioning.
e. Pit lane officials may also check driver identification.
f. Vehicles shall be in position and the crew clear at the one minute warning.
g. For Qualifying and Track Trials, vehicles not in position prior to the one minute warning shall
relinquish their position and start at the back of the session.
h. When the pit lane “release point” is reached, the competitor will stop and wait to be released
by the pit lane official.
i. The pit lane official will release the vehicle when it is safe to enter the course. A competitor
may enter the course only when permitted to do so by a pit lane official.
j. When given the signal to enter the course, the driver must immediately proceed onto the
track and accelerate to speed. Any driver unable to obey the official’s instructions must
immediately take action to pull out of line or notify an official of their problem. At no time will
delays or slow pit speed, which in the opinion of pit lane officials is being done to gain clear
track by creating a gap thereby delaying the line of cars behind, be tolerated.
4. Drivers are required to follow the pavement or marked course. Failure to follow the course
may result in penalties.
5. A driver may exit the circuit at the designated course exit and stop in the pit lane to have
adjustments made to their vehicle such as tire pressure, engine setting or to have minor
repairs made. If major modifications are to be made, the vehicle is to be removed to the
paddock.
6. Any time a driver wishes to exit the circuit they should signal their intention to exit the
circuit and enter the pits by raising their arm.
7. When exiting the circuit, the pit lane speed limit starts at the course exit line.
8. After the adjustments are made, a vehicle may re-enter the circuit by re-entering the pit
stage lane. When they reach the release point, the competitor may enter the circuit when
permitted by a pit lane official.
9. A competitor may do this as often as they wish in the time allowed for a session.
10. During a Practice session, any vehicle unable to maintain lap times within 125% of the
fastest vehicle in that session may be black-flagged. The decision to penalize cannot be
protested.
11. During the Practice session, any vehicle that repeatedly fails to traverse the 1/8 mile
acceleration zone portion of the course in less than ten (10) seconds, from a standing
start, may be black flagged.
12. During the Practice session, any vehicle that repeatedly fails to traverse the ¼ mile long
high-speed zone in less than 12.8 seconds or less (70 mph average) may be black flagged.
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13. During Practice, passing will be permitted only in the designated passing zones.
14. Passing will not be permitted in any area of the course under a Yellow Flag condition,
including designated passing zones. Passes under a yellow flag anywhere will result in a
severe penalty.
15. Any vehicle shown a black flag must exit the course at the designated course exit and
stop at the black flag penalty box shown on the course map for consultation with officials.
Failure to stop will result in a more severe penalty.
16. The first vehicle to cross the circuit start/finish time line after the allotted time has
expired will be shown the checkered flag. Each following vehicle will then be shown the
checkered flag.
17. After the checkered flag is displayed each vehicle will proceed around the course to the
designated course exit, cross the course exit line and then immediately proceed to the
impound area.
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Appendix F Supplementary Regulations
Qualifying Procedure
Commercial vehicles will be in one session. Non-commercial vehicles and modified commercial
vehicles will be in a separate session.
1. The pit lane is restricted to working crew members only. Spectators and non-essential
competitors are not permitted. All crew members in the pit lane must at all times display
their dynamic area ID and evidence of registration. Drivers must be wearing their driver
ID. All personnel in the pit lane area must be adequately attired (closed-toe shoes that
cover the entire foot, long pants and sleeved shirts).
2. Qualifying will be for a fixed amount of time. The amount of time will be published in the
Competition Daily Schedule, posted on the Information kiosk/bulletin board and
announced at the Drivers Meeting. Any Qualifying attempts started before the allowed
time expires will be permitted to be completed and will count.
3. Vehicle sound levels will be monitored during Qualifying sessions. (See the Sound
Monitoring Procedures.)
4. Vehicles that have passed Technical Safety Inspection and participated in Practice may
enter the pit lane for qualifying on a first come, first served basis.
5. A competitor that has passed Technical Safety Inspection but did not participate in a
Practice session may participate in Qualifying with permission from the Chief Steward.
6. A Qualifying attempt consists of one (1) warm-up lap, at least two (2) timed laps and one
(1) cool down lap.
7. The best (lowest elapsed time) of a vehicle’s timed qualifying laps will be used to
determine a vehicle’s qualifying position.
8. A competitor may start a qualifying attempt at anytime during their qualifying session by
proceeding to the pit stage lane.
a. In the stage lane, pit lane officials will check that all safety equipment is in place, that
occupants are properly attired, and the vehicle transponder is functioning.
b. Pit lane officials will check driver IDs.
9. When the release point in the stage lane is reached, a competitor will stop and wait to be
released by a pit lane official.
a. The pit lane official will release the vehicle when it is safe to enter the course. A competitor
may only enter the course when permitted to do so by a pit lane official.
b. When given the signal to enter the course, the competitor must immediately proceed onto the
circuit and accelerate to speed. Any driver unable to obey the pit lane official’s instructions
must immediately take action to pull out of line and notify an official of their problem.
10. Vehicles will be spaced to prevent any interference by other vehicles during their timed laps.
11. Passing is not permitted during Qualifying.
a. Should a faster vehicle catch a slower vehicle, the faster vehicle will not attempt to pass, but
will slow and hold a gap so as not to interfere with the slower vehicle's laps.
b. The faster vehicle will exit the course at the designated exit, and then pull into the pit lane.
c. Adjustments may be made to the vehicle at this time. Fuel may be added at this time.
d. The faster vehicle will be permitted to restart their Qualifying attempt at the first opportunity,
after they notify the pit lane official that they are ready to restart their Qualifying attempt by
proceeding to the staging lane designated for re-runs.
e. The Qualifying attempt will start anew, MINUS the number of timed laps that were
successfully completed. One warm-up and one cool-down lap will be permitted.
12. A re-run will be given for qualifying attempts interrupted for any reason except a
mechanical failure or black flags.
13. A competitor may make as many qualifying attempts as Qualifying session time permits
provided that there are no vehicles with a lesser number of qualifying attempts waiting in
the staging lane
14. A competitor will be shown the checkered flag at the end of each Qualifying attempt. They
will proceed around the circuit minimizing interference with other vehicles, to the
designated course exit and cross the course exit line.
a. If there is sufficient time remaining in the Qualifying session and the competitor wishes to
immediately make another qualifying attempt, they will proceed into the pit lane.
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b. If the competitor does not wish to immediately make another qualifying attempt, they will
proceed immediately to the impound area. No qualifying attempts will be permitted from the
impound area.
15. When exiting the course, the pit lane speed limit starts at the Course Exit Line.
16. Any vehicle that fails to post a qualifying time within 125% of the fastest car in the
session may not be permitted to compete in the Track Trials.
17. Any vehicle that fails to post a qualifying time for any reason may start the Track Trials
from the rear of the grid, but only with the permission from the Chief Steward.
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Grid Rules
Grid is defined as the area where vehicles are staged and readied for the start of Track Trials.
This area shall be a “hot” area by definition and personnel access shall be restricted as such.
1. Grid order will be determined from lap times recorded during the Qualifying session. The
fastest (lowest elapsed time) will be given the first grid space followed by all others in
order of best qualifying time. If two vehicles record an identical qualifying lap time, the
additional qualifying lap time of each vehicle will be used to determine the faster of the
two vehicles. If two vehicles each record two identical qualifying laps, the vehicle that first
posted the fastest time will be gridded first.
2. Grid shall be restricted to only those vehicles which are being readied to start. Support
vehicles are not permitted.
3. Drivers should know their grid position before coming to pre-grid. All drivers should
attempt to arrive at grid no later than10 minutes prior to the scheduled Track Trial
session start time. Grid positions will be posted on the Information kiosk/bulletin board
after Qualifying. Grid officials will assist competitors to their grid position.
4. Any vehicle not on the grid prior to the five (5) minute warning shall relinquish their
qualifying grid position and start the Track Trials session from the rear of the grid.
5. Any vehicle that failed to post a qualifying time within 125% of the fastest car in the
session may be permitted to compete in the Track Trials only with the permission of the
Chief Steward. If permitted they will start from the rear of the grid. A request for a waiver
must be made within 30 minutes after the posting of grid positions.
6. Any vehicle that failed to post a qualifying time for any reason may start the Track Trials
from the rear of the grid, only with the permission from the Chief Steward. A request for a
waiver must be made within 30 minutes after the posting of grid positions.
7. Any vehicle permitted to start from the rear of the grid may be black flagged if it fails to
maintain a safe pace during the Track Trials.
8. Grid is restricted to working crew members only. Spectators and non-essential team
members are not permitted. All crew members in the grid area must at all times display
their dynamic area ID and verification of registration. Drivers must present a Driver ID.
9. All personnel in the grid area must be adequately attired (closed-toe shoes that cover the
entire foot, long pants and sleeved shirts) at all times that grid is hot.
10. The grid will go “HOT” 10 minutes before the start of the Track Trails session. ALL non-
essential team personnel MUST clear the grid prior to the 5-minute warning. A team may
be penalized if this is not adhered to.
11. No vehicle shall carry passengers on the outside of the bodywork to or in the grid.
12. Bicycles are prohibited in the grid area.
13. Pets are prohibited in the grid area.
14. There is no smoking in the grid area.
15. No tire-warmers are permitted in the grid area.
16. Addition of fuel is prohibited in the grid area.
17. Pit carts, trolleys, 3-wheelers, tubs, etc. must be clearly marked with the number of the
vehicle they support for easy identification.
18. All air bottles/gas cylinders must have a protective structure around their gauges and
valves when in the grid area.
19. Vehicles on grid may not be jacked or lifted without specific permission from the Chief
Steward.
20. No car may be push-started on grid without specific permission from the Chief of Grid.
21. Prior to the start of a Track Trials session, competitors will ensure their energy use data
acquisition is correctly initialized. Grid workers will only verify that the energy used data
acquisition is functioning.
22. Grid workers will check that the correct transponder is on the car and that it is working.
23. Grid workers will place the vehicle in the correct run sequence
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24. All drivers will be in their vehicle at the 5-minute warning.
25. Grid workers will check that the driver is properly attired, that all driver safety equipment
is being used and that the driver is wearing a driver ID.
26. Grid workers will release the vehicle to the stage line / release point in grid order. Any
vehicle not able to proceed to the release point when directed by the grid officials will be
moved to the rear of the grid.
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Track Trails Procedure
1. Vehicles will be released from grid to the Stage Lane / Release Line in Grid order.
2. Vehicles will be released onto the course with a minimum of 10 seconds separating them.
3. Upon the signal of a pit lane official, cars at the release point waiting to enter the track
must immediately proceed onto the track and accelerate to speed. Any driver unable to
obey the official’s instructions must immediately take action to pull out of line or notify
an official of their problem. At no time will delays or slow pit speed be tolerated which, in
the opinion of pit lane officials is being done to gain clear track by creating a gap, thereby
delaying the line of cars behind.
4. Vehicle sound levels will be monitored during Track Trials sessions. See the Sound
Monitoring Procedure.
5. The time length of a Track Trials session will be 60 minutes. This time will start when a
vehicle crosses the circuit time line for the first time.
6. A vehicle is required to cross the course exit line under its own power. Once it has
crossed the course exit line, crew members may push it into the impound area.
7. Drivers are required to follow the pavement or marked course. Failure to follow the course
may result in penalties.
8. Any vehicle unable to maintain an average lap time within 125% of the fastest vehicle in
that session may be black-flagged, and scored as a DNF. This decision to penalize is not
subject to protest or appeal.
9. Passing is permitted only in designated passing zones.
10. Passing is not permitted in any area of the course under a Yellow Flag condition,
including designated passing zones. Passes under a yellow flag anywhere will result in a
severe penalty.
11. If a vehicle has an issue that requires it to stop on the course, it is to pull off the paved
surface as far as practicable.
12. If a vehicle has an issue, but is capable of moving at a reduced speed it should proceed to
the designated course exit and stop at “black flag” for further instructions.
13. Competitors are permitted to pass an obviously disabled vehicle anywhere on the course,
without penalty, but must use extreme caution.
14. Any time a driver wishes to exit the course, they should signal their intention by raising
their arm, exit the course via the course exit lane and enter the pits.
15. When exiting the course, the pit lane speed limit starts at the course exit line. The speed
limit in the pit lane is five (5) mph.
16. A white flag will be displayed at the flag stations if there is an emergency vehicle moving
on the course. Competitors are permitted to pass an emergency vehicle but are to use
extreme caution and follow any signals the emergency crew may give them.
17. Red Flag
If a red flag is displayed, it means that there is a serious emergency situation somewhere
on the course and all competition is stopped. The competitors are to come to a safe stop
on the right side of the pavement. Failure to come to a complete stop for a red flag will
result in extremely severe penalties.
18. Any vehicle shown a black flag must exit the course at the designated course exit and
stop at the black flag penalty box shown on the course map for consultation with officials.
Failure to stop will result in a more severe penalty.
19. A white flag will be displayed at the Start/Finish line accompanied by a sign board with
“1” on it to indicate the start of a competitor’s last lap.
20. After the allotted time has expired, a competitor will be shown a Checkered Flag at the
Start/Finish line. Each vehicle will be shown the Checkered Flag as their time expires.
21. After a Checkered Flag is displayed, a vehicle is to proceed around the course to the
designated course exit and then immediately proceed to the impound area.
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Impound Procedures
1. After exiting Track Trials, all vehicles must report to impound, regardless of the number
of laps completed. All vehicles will be held in impound until released by an official.
2. There is no smoking in the impound area.
3. Impound officials will direct each vehicle to an impound parking location.
4. While a vehicle is in impound, the driver or a designated representative must remain with
the vehicle during the entire impound period.
5. While in impound, vehicles must have hoods and trunks fully opened. During this time
competitors may visually inspect each other’s vehicles.
6. A vehicle crew member will read, and an impound official will record the energy used
during Track Trials.
7. The Performance Engineering Competition reserves the right of its designated
representatives to ensure the legality of competing vehicles. Impound officials may inspect
cars and may require removal of components as part of the inspection procedure.
Competitors are responsible for performing these procedures as required and for using
the proper equipment (e.g. jack stands to safely support a raised vehicle).
8. All vehicles will be required to remain in impound for the amount of time necessary to
allow proper inspection.
9. Competitors may observe, but must not hinder the impound inspectors in any way.
Impound inspectors will not act on hearsay information regarding suspected non-
compliant concerns provided by competitors.
10. The Chief of Impound will notify the Chief Steward of any non-compliant concerns or
irregularities discovered in these inspections or of any entrants or competitors who do not
follow impound procedures.
11. A competitor has a right to protect information about legal modifications and setups
pertaining to their vehicles. If a competitor believes that inspection may result in loss of
information, they may lodge an objection with the Chief of Impound. Once an objection
has been lodged, The Chief Steward will then make the determination of legality.
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Flags
1. Red Flag
Displayed at each station and on the Starter’s stand – EXTREME DANGER – THE SESSION
HAS BEEN STOPPED. Clear the circuit for emergency vehicle traffic. Look in your mirror(s).
Come to an immediate, controlled stop at the RIGHT side of the track or AS FAR TO THE
RIGHT AS CIRCUMSTANCES PERMIT (preferably before and within sight of a staffed flag
station). Stay in the car with safety equipment on; do not move until directed by a worker or
official. When released by an official, proceed cautiously to the pits. Once a red flag has been
displayed, it will not be withdrawn until all cars have come to a stop. Failure to stop will result
in severe penalties.
2. Green Flag
When displayed, the green flag indicates that the course is clear; a session is started.
3. Yellow Flag
a. Standing Yellow – Take care, Danger, Slow Down, NO PASSING FROM THE FLAG until
past the emergency area.
b. Waved Yellows – Great Danger, Slow Down, be prepared to stop, the course may be
blocked ahead – NO PASSING FROM THE FLAG until past the emergency area.
c. Double Yellow, Displayed At All Stations –
Indicates the entire course is under yellow (full course yellow). All stations will display
double yellow flags. SLOW DOWN, NO PASSING. However, cars may carefully pass
emergency vehicles and other cars that are obviously disabled or off pace.
NOTE: A driver may encounter several YELLOW flags before reaching the emergency area.
The requirements are still the same: SLOW DOWN, NO PASSING. Passing under a Yellow
Flag will result in severe penalties.
4. Surface Condition (Yellow with Vertical Red Stripes)
Take care. This flag warns of debris, slippery fluids and/or any changing track conditions
requiring caution and reduced speed. This flag is displayed standing.
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5. Black Flag (Solid Black)
Closed Black Flag (Furled) – Pointed or shaken at an individual car from the Starter’s stand
(optionally, accompanied by a number board indicating the car number): WARNING for driving
in an unsafe and/or improper manner. You have been identified as having made an infraction.
Open Black Flag– Flagrantly illegal or continued unsafe and/or improper driving will result in
display of an open black flag. Displayed from the Starter’s stand (optionally, accompanied by a
number board indicating the car number): An Open black flag signals that the driver must
proceed immediately to the pits via the designated course exit to the black flag penalty box
located in the pits as shown of the course map for consultation with officials. DO NOT TAKE
ANOTHER LAP. Failure to stop will result in severe penalties
Full course Black Flag – Signifies that all drivers are to discontinue racing (no passing), slow
down and proceed single file using the designated track exit to the black flag station.
6. Mechanical Black Flag (Black with Orange Ball)
Displayed from the Starter’s stand (optionally, accompanied by a number board indicating the
car number). Your vehicle reportedly has a mechanical problem. Continue offline and using the
designated track exit, proceed to the black flag station with extreme caution. DO NOT TAKE
ANOTHER LAP.
7. Checkered Flag
The Checkered Flag announces you have completed your final lap. Slow and proceed into the
assigned area using the designated track exit.
8. White Flag (Solid White)
Caution and take care for a slow moving race car, ambulance or other emergency vehicle on
the racing surface. The standing flag is displayed for 2 flag stations prior to the vehicle in
question. In addition, a standing white flag may be displayed during the first lap of each race
group’s first session of the day to indicate the location of the flagging stations.
The White Flag may also be displayed at the Starter stand as an indication of the last lap
before the Checkered Flag.
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9. Blue With Diagonal Yellow Stripe (Motionless)
This is the “Passing Flag” warning of another competitor following you, Look in your mirror(s)
and you should give way at the next designated passing zone by moving to the right, signaling
and slowing down as necessary. All designated passing zones shall be clearly marked on both
ends by pylons. Clear hand signals shall be given by the overtaken driver and no pass by an
overtaking driver shall be attempted without a signal. Overtaking drivers should be allowed to
pass at the first passing zone. The driver being overtaken must take action as defined by the
event officials to allow a safe pass before the end of the passing zone. Passing flags shall be
obeyed. Failure to permit the overtaking driver to pass will result in the slower vehicle being
shown a black flag. The designated passing zones shall be specified at the mandatory drivers
meeting.
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Rules Of The Road
1. Traffic
a. Drivers are responsible to avoid physical contact between cars on the race track.
b. Each competitor has a right to maneuvering room, which is generally defined as sufficient
space on the marked road surface that a driver can maintain control of their car in close
quarters.
c. Drivers must respect the right of other competitors to maneuvering room. Abrupt changes in
direction that impede or affect the path of another car attempting to overtake or pass may be
interpreted as an effort to deprive a fellow competitor of the right to maneuvering room.
2. Passing
Except for passing disabled or emergency vehicles, passing is allowed only in a marked
passing zone after a lead vehicle is shown a passing flag. The following rules apply.
a. Any vehicle about to be lapped will be presented with a passing flag (blue with diagonal yellow
stripe).
b. The overtaking (faster) driver is responsible for the pass and to accomplish it safely.
c. The overtaken (slower) driver is responsible to be aware that they are being passed and not to
impede or block the overtaking (faster) car.
i. At the next passing zone, the overtaken vehicle shall move off the line to the right, if
necessary slow, and allow the overtaking vehicle(s) to pass on the left. Failure to give
way at the first opportunity may result in a black flag or other penalty.
ii. No passing is allowed without a hand signal. Passing is allowed only on the left with a
mandatory hand signal by the slower car pointing to the left side vehicle.
iii. An overtaken driver who does not use their rear view mirror or who appears to be
blocking another car attempting to pass may be black flagged and/or penalized.
d. Judgmental decisions by the officials in this regard are not subject to protest or appeal.
3. Passing Responsibility
The responsibility to pass another vehicle safely ultimately rests with the overtaking
driver. The overtaking driver must realize that they have an advantage over the overtaken
driver. The overtaking driver has a better view of the car in the lead than the driver in the
lead car has of the overtaking car. The driver of the car in the lead has an obligation to
remain as aware as possible of passing vehicles and conduct themselves in a safe and
sportsman-like manner. A pass is completed when the front bumper of the overtaking car
breaks the plane of the front bumper of the overtaken car. At that point, the overtaking
car becomes the lead car and the responsibility shifts to the overtaken car in regards to
passing safety. The overtaken driver shall remain aware of all passing vehicles and shall
not attempt to block or impede the progress of passing car(s). This may mean slowing to
permit a pass be completed before the end of the designated passing zone.
4. Blocking
The failure of a driver to acknowledge the presence of other competitors, yield to lapping
competitors, or alter his/her line based upon the actions of pursuing competitors is not
allowed. Drivers suspected of violations may be given a warning (furled) black flag.
Confirmed violations will be penalized by a full black flag penalty, or other penalties.
Judgmental decisions by the officials in this regard are not subject to protest or appeal.
5. Avoidable Contact
Any driver who, in the sole opinion of the Stewards, initiates avoidable contact with
another competitor, whether or not such contact interrupts the other competitor’s lap
times, track position or damages the other competitor’s cars, whether or not such actions
result in actual contact, will be subject to a minimum of a black flag penalty. Should the
contact result in the immediate retirement of the other competitor, a black flag stop and
hold penalty shall be assessed. Additional penalties may be assessed. Any action or
decision (or any alleged inaction or non-decision) taken by or imposed by the Stewards or
Competition officials in this regard is not subject to protest or appeal.
6. Unjustifiable Risk
Any action that represents an unjustifiable risk or reckless endangerment, in the opinion
of the officials, will result in the assessment of penalty(ies). Judgmental decisions by the
officials in this regard are not subject to protest or appeal.
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