Gram Negative
organism properties toxins pathogenesis clinical treatment
E.cloli - UTI pili virulence disuria
E.coli - enteropathogenic accute diarrhea in infants
ETEC
E.coli - enterotoxigenic enterotoxins: ST, LT travelers diarrhea (like
ETEC (A-B, like cholera) cholera)
E.coli - enterohemorrhagic Shiga-like toxin bloody diarrhea
EHEC
E.coli - enteroinvasive like shigellosis
EIEC
E.coli peritonitis
E.coli meningitis
coliform – ferments lactose UTI, LRTI, bacterimia
Klebsiella pneumoniae
no flagellum nosocomial
Salmonella typhi facultative intracellular
Salmonella typhimurium
coliform – ferments lactose UTI, LRTI, bacteremia
Enterobacter
nosocomial
Shigella dysenteriae,
sonnei
NO Lipid A, has abscesses, surgical sound clindamycin,
Bacteroides fragilis capsule infections metronidazole,
Cl-ampphenicol
microaerophilic, non-fermentive enterotoxigenic: cholera-like disease
Campylobacter jeujuni reservoir: domestic animals; source: food invasive: dysentery-like disease
oxidase, catalase +
from domestic animals ST toxin penetrates lamina propria – can mimic appendicitis
Yersinia enterocolitica can grow @4G causes inflammatory watery diarrhea
facultative intracellular response (like Salmonella)
Yersinia pesitis transmitted by rat fleas survive in phagocytic cellse the plague
curved bacilli contaminated seafood invasive, bloody diarrhea,
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
polar flagella self-limiting
oxidase + more common in invasive bloody diarrhea,
immunocompromised bacteremia, sepsis, wound
Vibrio vulnificus
invasion: cellulitis, fasciitis,
gangrene
Vibrio cholera cholera toxin A-B non-invasive diarrhea
Gram Negative
organism properties toxins pathogenesis clinical treatment
diplococci endotoxin (LPS) person-person inhalation epidemic meningitis vaccine 9not
Neisseria meningitidis aerobic IgA1 protease→petichae capsule aantiphagocytic bacteremia against type-B)
use chocolate agar iron extracting pneumonia
(fastidious) pilin anitigenic variation, inflammation due to LOS epididymitis, urethritis, PID, erythromycin
oxidase + phase variation via DNA VD cervivitis, pharyngitis, arthritis, eye drops for
Neisseria
LOS transformation via HR bacteremia, salpingitis neonates
gonorrhoeae
Protein II - adherence neonates: conjunctivitis vancomycin,
nystatin, colistin
fine coccobacills endotoxin LOS capsule: virulence factor meningitis, cellulitis, acute vaccination
Haemophilus
LOS antiphagocytic, invasive epiblottitis
influenzae B
human reservoir
Haemophilus otitis media, sinusitis, purulent
no virulent invasiveness
influenzae non- colonizes nasopharynxtracheobronchitis, pneumonia,
typable meningitis, pruerperal fever
aerobic coccobacillus (rod) exotoxins: bvgA → P → bvgS ↓→ PPertussis toxin, Pilus BCG vaccine
fastidious pertussigen (A-B) ↑ autoregulation ←
superficial adenylate cyclase toxin
Bardotella Pertussis endotoxins: -whooping cough: inhaled, colonize ciliated cells LRT
tracheal cytotoxin – kills
ciliated cells
LPS-like toxin
motile bacilli exotoxin A – liver pneumonia
obligate aerobes (diphteria-like) osteomyelitis
in soil and water exotoxin S burn-wound inf
Psudomones β-hemolytic phosphorylase C sepsis
aeroginosa blue pigment (hemolytic UTI, nephritis
proteases endocarditis
slime layer
can’t be seen in sputum inhaled from water Legionnaire’s pneumonia
stains containers factors: male, old,
Legionella no true gram- immunocompromised
monocytogenes wall/endotoxin
aerobi Pontiac fever – self limiting
facultative intracellular
nasopharynx commensal otitis media, sinusitis
Moraxcella catarrhalis if chronic lung disease:
tracheobronchitis, pneumonia
motile rod cat-scratch disease:
Bartonella quintana enlarged lymph nodes, low-grade fever, malaise
self-limiting, no complications