From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ranger School
Ranger School
Ranger shoulder tab
The United States Army Ranger School is an intense
61-day combat leadership course oriented towards small-
unit tactics. It has been called the "toughest combat
course in the world"[1] and "is the most physically and
mentally demanding leadership school the Army has to
offer".[2] The course is conducted in various locations.
First graduating class for Ranger Training (November 1950).
Training in the Benning Phase occurs in and around
Camp Rogers and Camp Darby at Fort Benning, Georgia.
Training at the Mountain Phase is conducted at Camp School Class was conducted in January–March 1952, with
Merrill, in the remote mountains near Dahlonega Geor- a graduation date of 1 March 1952. Its duration was 59
gia. The Florida Phase is conducted at various locations days.[5] At the time, Ranger training was voluntary.
near Camp Rudder, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. The In 1966, a panel headed by General Ralph E. Haines Jr.
Desert Phase—conducted initially at the White Sands recommended making Ranger training mandatory for all
Missile Range in New Mexico, and later relocated to Dug- Regular Army officers upon commissioning. "On 16 Au-
way Proving Ground, Utah and Fort Bliss, Texas—was gust 1966, the Chief of Staff of the Army, General Harold
eliminated in 1995. Ranger School is effectively closed to K. Johnson, directed it so." This policy was implemented
female applicants due to the Combat Exclusion Laws per- in July of 1967. It was rescinded on 21 June 1972 by Gen-
taining to assignment to Ranger-coded positions within eral William Westmoreland. Once again, Ranger training
the Combat Arms of the United States armed forces. was voluntary.[5]
The United States Army Ranger School is not orga- In August 1987, the Ranger Department was split
nizationally affiliated with the 75th Ranger Regiment. from the Infantry School and the Ranger Training Bri-
Ranger School falls under control of the United States gade was established. The Ranger Companies that made
Army Training and Doctrine Command as a school open up the Ranger Department became the current training
to most male members of the United States Army; while units—the 4th, 5th and 6th Ranger Training Battalions. [6]
the 75th Ranger Regiment is a Special Operations In 1983, the Desert Phase was added and the length
warfighting unit organized under the United States Army of the Ranger course was extended to 65 days. The du-
Special Operations Command. The two share a common ration was again expanded in October 1991 to 68 days,
heritage and subordinate battalions common lineage, concurrently with the reshuffling of the Desert phase
and Ranger School is a requirement for all officers and from the last phase to the second. The 7th Ranger Train-
NCOs of the 75th Ranger Regiment. ing Battalion was added to administer this phase. The
most recent duration change to Ranger School occurred
in May 1995, when the Desert Phase was removed from
History the Ranger course. Ranger School was reduced to its cur-
Ranger Training began in September 1950 at Fort Ben- rent length—61 days of training, at 19.6 hours of training
ning Georgia "with the formation and training of 17 Air- per day.[6]
borne Companies by the Ranger Training Command".[3] The Ranger Assessment Phase, the first five days of
The first class graduated from Ranger training in Novem- Ranger School, was added in the first class of 1992.[7]
ber 1950.[4] The United States Army’s Infantry School of-
ficially established the Ranger Department in December
1951. Under the Ranger Department, the first Ranger
1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ranger School
Students planes, as well as UH-60 Black Hawk and CH-47 Chinook
helicopters, for insertion and extraction. Non-airborne
Ranger School is open to all Military Occupational Spe- personnel will work drop zone details while the other
cialties (MOSs) in the US Army, although—as of April students jump. The students also have the ability to call-
2011—an Army combat exclusion zone still limits some in and utilize close air support in the form of AH-64
from attending.[8] Ranger students come from units in Apache attack helicopters and AC-130H Spectre gunships
the US Army, US Marine Corps, US Air Force, US Navy, during many of their missions. All aircraft are provided
US Coast Guard, and from foreign military services. How- by other nearby units as part of a training co-operative.
ever, the two largest "customers" for Ranger School are
the US Army’s Infantry Basic Officer Leadership Course Benning Phase
(IBOLC), and the 75th Ranger Regiment.[8] Ranger School The first phase of Ranger School is conducted at Camp
slots are highly valued school slots. Competitions and Rogers and Camp Darby at Fort Benning, Georgia and
pre-Ranger courses are typically used to determine at- is conducted by the 4th Ranger Training Battalion. The
tendance. "Benning Phase" is the "crawl" phase of Ranger School,
Ranger students’ ranks typically range from Private where students learn the fundamentals of squad-level
First Class to Captain, with lieutenants and specialists mission planning. It is "designed to assess a Soldier’s
making up the largest group of students. The average age physical stamina, mental toughness, leadership abilities,
is 23, and the average class will have 366 students, with and establishes the tactical fundamentals required for
11 classes conducted per year.[8] follow-on phases of Ranger School".[10] In this phase,
training is separated into two parts, the Ranger Assess-
Training ment Phase (RAP) and Squad Combat Operations.
Not for the weak or fainthearted.
Ranger Handbook, 2010.[9]
Ranger School training has a basic scenario: the flourish-
ing drug and terrorist operations of the enemy forces,
the "Aragon Liberation Front," must be stopped. To do
so, the Rangers will take the fight to their territory, the
rough terrain surrounding Fort Benning, the mountains
of northern Georgia, and the swamps and coast of Flori-
da. Ranger students are given a clear mission, but they
determine how to best execute it.
The purpose of the course is learning to soldier as a
combat leader while enduring the great mental and psy-
chological stresses and physical fatigue of combat; the
Ranger Instructors (RIs) create and cultivate such a phys-
ical and mental environment. The course primarily com- Water confidence course
prises field craft instruction; students plan and execute
daily patrolling, perform reconnaissance, ambushes, and The Ranger Assessment Phase is conducted at Camp
raids against dispersed targets, followed by stealthy Rogers. As of April 2011, it encompases Days 1–3 of train-
movement to a new patrol base to plan the next mission. ing. Historically, it accounts for 60% of students who fail
Ranger students conduct about 20 hours of training per to graduate Ranger School.[8] Events include:
day, while consuming two or fewer meals daily totaling • Ranger Physical Fitness Test (RPFT) requiring the
about 2,200 calories (9,200 kJ), with an average of 3.5 following minimums:
hours of sleep a day. Students sleep more before a para- • Push-ups: 49 (in 2 minutes, graded strictly for
chute jump for safety considerations. Ranger students perfect form)
typically wear and carry some 65–90 pounds (29–41 kg) • Sit-ups: 59 (in 2 minutes)
of weapons, equipment, and training ammunition while • Chin-ups: 6 (performed from a dead hang with
patrolling more than 200 miles (320 km) throughout the no lower body movement)
course.[8]
• 5 mile individual run in 40 minutes or less over a
Capabilities course with gently rolling terrain
• Combat Water Survival Test (no longer conducted as
Ranger School students will participate in three airborne,
of 2010)
and several air assault operations throughout the du-
• Combat Water Survival Assessment, conducted at
ration of the course, relying on C-130 Hercules cargo
Victory Pond (previously called the Water
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ranger School
Confidence Test). This test consists of three events
that test the Ranger student’s ability to calmly
overcome any fear of heights or water. Students
must calmly walk across a log suspended thirty-five
feet above the pond, then transition to a rope crawl
before plunging into the water. Each student must
then jump into the pond and ditch their rifle and
load-bearing equipment while submerged. Finally,
each student climbs a ladder to the top of a seventy
foot tower and traverses down to the water on a
pulley attached to a suspended cable, subsequently
plunging into the pond. All of these tasks must be
performed calmly without any type of safety
harness. If a student fails to negotiate an obstacle
(through fear, hesitation or by not completing it Soldier negotiates the Darby Queen Obstacle Course
correctly) he is dropped from the course.
• Combination Night/Day land navigation test - This ceives instruction on airborne/air assault operations, de-
has proven to be one of the more difficult events for molitions, environmental and "field craft" training, exe-
students, as sending units fail to teach land cutes the infamous "Darby Queen" obstacle course, and
navigation using a map and compass. Students are learns the fundamentals of patrolling, warning and oper-
given a predetermined number of MGRS locations ations orders, and communications. The fundamentals of
and begin testing approximately two hours prior to combat operations include battle drills (React to Contact,
dawn. Flashlights, with red lens filters, may only be Break Contact, React to Ambush, Platoon Raid), which are
used for map referencing; the use of flashlight to focused on providing the principles and techniques that
navigate across terrain will result in an immediate enable the squad-level element to successfully conduct
dismissal from the school. Later in the course, reconnaissance and raid missions. As a result, the Ranger
Ranger students will be expected to conduct, and student gains tactical and technical proficiency, confi-
navigate, patrols at night without violating light dence in himself, and prepares to move to the next phase
discipline. The land navigation test instills this skill of the course, the Mountain Phase.
early in each student’s mind, thus making the task
second nature when graded patrolling begins. Mountain Phase
• A 3-mile terrain run, followed by the Malvesti Field
Obstacle Course, featuring the notorious "worm pit":
a shallow, muddy, 25-meter obstacle covered by
knee-high barbed wire. The obstacle must be
negotiated—usually several times—on one’s back and
belly.
• Demolitions training and airborne refresher
training.
• Modern Army Combatives Program (MACP) training
was removed as a part of a new POI at the start of
2009; however, it was reinstated with Class 06-10.
The Combatives Program now is spread over all
phases and culminates with practical application in
Florida Phase. A U.S. Army Ranger Instructor explains the technical aspects
of rappelling from the 50-foot rock to his left, 2009.
• A 15-mile forced, tactical ruck march with full gear
from Camp Rogers to Camp Darby. This is the last
The second phase of Ranger School is conducted at the
test during RAP and is a pass/fail event. If the Ranger
remote Camp Merrill near Dahlonega, Georgia by the 5th
student fails to maintain the pace set by the Ranger
Ranger Training Battalion. Here, "students receive in-
Instructors, he is dropped from the course.
struction on military mountaineering tasks, mobility
The emphasis at Camp Darby is on the instruction in
training, as well as techniques for employing a platoon
and execution of Squad Combat Operations. The phase
for continuous combat patrol operations in a mountain-
includes "fast paced instruction on troop leading proce-
ous environment".[10] Adding to the physical hardships
dures, principles of patrolling, demolitions, field craft,
endured in the Benning phase, in this phase "the stamina
and basic battle drills focused towards squad ambush and
and commitment of the Ranger student is stressed to
reconnaissance missions".[10] The Ranger student re-
3
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ranger School
the maximum. At any time, he may be selected to lead
tired, hungry, physically expended students to accom-
plish yet another combat patrol mission".[10] One of the
mental hardships (asside from the pressures of training)
is that the Mountain Phase is located ’in the middle of
nowhere’, several miles from any real civilization. This
leaves the students feeling more isolated than they may
feel during the other phases. In the winter, the temper-
atures drop very low at night, and many students (in
addition to other ailments) receive frostbite. During the
warmer months, Poison Ivy becomes a common adver-
sary. The Ranger student continues learning how to sus-
tain himself and his subordinates in the mountains. The
rugged terrain, severe weather, hunger, mental and
Ranger students in their final week of U.S. Army Ranger
physical fatigue, and the psychological stress the student School, travel a short distance on a dirt path before veering
encounters allow him to measure his capabilities and back into the forested swampland of Auxiliary Field Six at
limitations and those of his fellow soldiers. Eglin Air Force Base, Fla. December 7, 2009.
In addition to combat operations, the student re-
ceives four days of military mountaineering training. The This phase focuses on the continued development
sequence of training has changed in past decades. As of of the Ranger Student’s combat arms functional
2010, the training sequence is as follows. In the first two skills. Students receive instruction on waterborne
days students learn knots, belays, anchor points, rope operations, small boat movements, and stream
management, mobility evacuation, and the fundamentals crossings upon arrival. Practical exercises in ex-
of climbing and abseiling. The training ends in a two- tended platoon level operations executed in a
day Upper mountaineering exercise at Yonah Mountain, coastal swamp environment test the Students’ abil-
to apply the skills learned during Lower mountaineering. ity to operate effectively under conditions of ex-
Each student must make all prescribed climbs at Mt. Yon- treme mental and physical stress. This training fur-
ah to continue in the course. During the field training ex- ther develops the Students’ ability to plan and lead
ercise (FTX), students execute a mission requiring moun- small units during independent and coordinated
taineering skills. airborne, air assault, small boat, and dismounted
Combat missions are against a conventionally- combat patrol operations in a low intensity combat
equipped threat force in a Mid-Intensity Conflict. These environment against a well trained, sophisticated
missions are both day and night in a two part, four and enemy.[10]
five day FTX, and include moving cross country over
mountains, vehicle ambushes, raiding communications The Florida Phase continues the progressive, realistic
and mortar sites, river crossing, and scaling steeply- OPFOR (opposing forces) scenario. As the scenario devel-
sloped mountainous terrain. ops, the students receive "in-country" technique training
The Ranger student reaches his objective in several that assists them in accomplishing the tactical missions
ways: cross-country movement, parachuting into small later in the phase. Technique training includes: small
drop zones, air assaults into small, mountain-side land- boat operations, expedient stream crossing techniques,
ing zones, or a 10-mile march across the Tennessee Val- and skills needed to survive and operate in a rainfor-
ley Divide. The student’s commitment and physical-men- est/swamp environment by learning how to deal with
tal stamina are tested to the maximum. At the end of the reptiles and how to determine the difference between
Mountain Phase, the students travel by bus to a nearby venomous snakes and non-venomous snakes. Camp Rud-
airfield and conduct an airborne operation, parachuting der has specially trained reptile experts that teach the
into Florida Phase. Non-airborne are bussed to Eglin Air students to not fear the wildlife they encounter.
Force Base for the Florida Phase. The Ranger students are updated on the scenario that
eventually commits the unit to combat during tech-
Florida Phase niques training. The 10-day FTX comprises "fast paced,
The third phase of Ranger School is conducted at Camp highly stressful, challenging exercises in which the Stu-
James E. Rudder (Auxiliary Field #6), Eglin Air Force Base, dents are evaluated on their ability to apply small unit
Florida by the 6th Ranger Training Battalion. According tactics and techniques during the execution of raids, am-
to the Ranger Training Brigade, bushes, movements to contact, and urban assaults to ac-
complish their assigned missions".[10] The capstone of
the course is the extensively-planned raid of the ALF’s is-
4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ranger School
land stronghold. This small boat operation involves each went on to begin the Florida phase, the airborne qualified
platoon in the class, all working together on separate members of Ranger Class 13-71 (Desert) donned MC1-1
missions to take down the cartel’s final point of strength. parachutes, boarded a C-130 aircraft and parachuted into
Afterwards, students who have met graduation re- the White Sands Missile Range.
quirements spend several days cleaning their weapons Upon formal integration into the Ranger Course, the
and equipment before returning to Fort Benning. By then Desert Phase was initially run by the Ranger School’s
they have earned PX (Post Exchange) privileges, and ac- 4th (Desert Ranger) Training Company stationed at Fort
cess to a community center where they can use a tele- Bliss, Texas from 1983 to 1987. When the Desert Phase
phone, eat civilian food, and watch television. In years was officially introduced, the length of Ranger School
past, the "Gator Lounge" served this purpose, but it was was lengthened to 65 days. At the outset, the Desert
destroyed by a fire in late 2006. Graduation is at Fort Phase was the last phase of the Ranger Course—following
Benning. In an elaborate ceremony at Victory Pond, the the Benning, Mountain and Florida Phases, respective-
black-and-gold Ranger Tab is pinned to the graduating ly.[6]
soldier’s left shoulder (usually by a relative, a respected In 1987, the unit was expanded into the 7th Ranger
RI, or soldier from the student’s original unit). The Training Battalion and moved to Dugway Proving
Ranger Tab is permanently worn above the soldier’s unit Grounds, Utah.
patch. In October of 1991, the course was increased to sixty-
eight days and the sequence was changed to Fort Ben-
Desert Phase ning, Desert (Fort Bliss, Texas), Mountain, and Florida.
The Desert Phase was designed to instruct its students In May of 1995, the school underwent its most recent
in Desert Warfare operations and basic survival in the change when the Desert phase was discontinued."[6] The
deserts of the Middle East. John Lock describes the Desert last Ranger School class to go through the Desert Phase
Phase as follows. was class 7-95.[citation needed]
The phase commenced with an in-flight rigging Leadership positions
and airborne assault—or an air assault landing by A student’s graduation is highly dependent on his perfor-
non airborne personnel, onto an objective. Follow- mance in graded positions of leadership. This leadership
ing the mission, the students moved into a can- ability is evaluated at various levels in various situations,
tonment area. Remaining in garrison for five days, and is observed while he is in one of his typically two
they then received classes on desert-survival tech- graded leadership roles per phase. He can either meet the
niques to include water procurement and water high standards and be given a "GO" by the R.I., or he can
preservation. Leadership responsibilities, standing fail to meet this standard and receive the dreaded "NO
operating procedures (SOPs), reconnaissance, and GO". He must demonstrate the ability to meet the stan-
ambush techniques were also reviewed. Additional dard in order to move forward, and can thus only afford
emphasis was placed on battle drills to include re- one unsuccessful patrol. His success will lie in his abili-
act to enemy contact, react to indirect fire, and ty to essentially manipulate the men directly underneath
react to near and far ambushes. Drills on how to his charge of leadership. At times, this will be as few as
breach barbed and concertina wire with wire cut- two to three men—and at other times he may be required
ters and assault ladders were taught as were tech- to lead up to an entire 45 man platoon. His success can be
niques on how to clear a trench line and how to as- dependent on the performance and team work of these
sault a fortified bunker.[11] individuals, whom he must motivate and lead. Missions
are typically broken up into four stages: planning, move-
The remainder of the phase comprised patrolling during ment, actions on the objective, and establishment of a pa-
field training exercises—"reconnaissance, raid, or am- trol base. Key leadership positions—as well as important
bush missions". "The phase culminated with an airborne supporting positions such as medic, Forward Observer
assault—with non-Airborne trucked—by the entire class (FO), and Radiotelephone Operator (RTO)—are reassigned
on a joint objective."[12] for each of the stages of a mission.
Ranger School’s initial evaluation of a Desert Phase
was a cadre-lead patrol at White Sands Missile Range, Peer evaluations
New Mexico in early 1971 called Arid Fox I. In June 1971,
Another part of the evaluation of the student is a peer
the Ranger Training Brigade conducted Arid Fox II, the
evaluation; failing a peer evaluation (scoring less than a
first student-led patrol. This was part of the brigade’s
60% approval rating from your squad) can result in dis-
continuing evaluation of the possibility of integrating a
qualification, though usually only if it happens twice. Due
Desert Phase into the Ranger course. The first students
to unit loyalties, certain individuals within a squad who
to undergo the Desert Phase were selected from Ranger
may be "the odd man out" will sometimes be singled out
Class 13-71 (class 13 in 1971). When the bulk of the class
5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ranger School
by the squad arbitrarily. Because of this, someone who Physical effects
has been "peered out" or "peered," will be moved to an-
Following the completion of Ranger School, a student
other squad, sometimes within another platoon, in order
will usually find himself "in the worst shape of his
to ensure that this was not the reason the student was
life".[14] Military folk wisdom has it that Ranger School’s
peered. If it happens within this new squad, however,
physical toll is like years of natural aging; high levels
this is generally an indication that student is being sin-
of fight-or-flight stress hormones (epinephrine, norep-
gled out because he is either lazy, incompetent, or cannot
inephrine, cortisol), along with standard sleep depriva-
keep up. At this time he will usually be removed from the
tion and continual physical strain, inhibit full physical
course.
and mental recovery throughout the course.
It is possible for the evaluation process to be com-
Common maladies during the course include weight
pleted via agreement within a squad—also known as "rig-
loss, dehydration, trench foot, heatstroke, frostbite,
ging" the peers system. In other words, squad members
chilblains, fractures, tissue tears (ligaments, tendons,
all agree to rate one another in such a manner that no
muscles), swollen hands, feet, knees, nerve damage, loss
one is singled out. Ranger School cadre watch for such
of limb sensitivity, cellulitis, contact dermatitis, cuts, and
attempt. If discovered, all involved students could be
insect, spider, bee, and wildlife bites.
dropped from the course for an honor violation.
Because of the physical and psychological effect of
low calorie intake over an extended period of time, it is
Recycling not uncommon for many Ranger School graduates to en-
If a student performs successfully, but suffers an injury counter weight problems as they return to their units
that keeps him from finishing, he may be re-cycled at and their bodies and minds slowly adjust to routine
the discretion of either the battalion or the Ranger Train- again. A drastically lowered metabolic rate, combined
ing Brigade commander; he’ll be given an opportunity to with a nearly insatiable appetite (the result of food depri-
heal and finish the course with the next class. Students vation and the ensuing survivalist mentality) can cause
recycled in the first phase are temporarily assigned to quick weight gain, as the body is already in energy (fat)
Vaughn’s Detachment (informally known as the "Gulag" storing mode.
to Ranger students). Recycled students typically receive
daily classes on Ranger School tasks and perform general Food and sleep deprivation
tasks for their respective Ranger Training Battalion. A Ranger student’s diet and sleep are strictly controlled
While marking time at Ranger School is not always pleas- by the Ranger Instructors. During time in garrison stu-
ant, those who have been recycled typically perform well dents are given three meals a day, but forced to eat ex-
when reinserted back into the course, with pass rates tremely quickly and without any talking. During field
well over 80%. exercises Ranger students are given two MREs (Meal,
Students can also be recycled for failing a leadership Ready-to-eat) per day, but not allowed to eat them until
evaluation on patrol; however, if a student fails a phase given permission. Since food and sleep are at the bottom
twice from patrols, he will usually be offered a "day one of an infantryman’s priorities of work behind security,
restart," and will restart on Day 1 of the next Ranger weapons maintenance, and personal hygiene it is gen-
School class. In rare cases, those assessed of honor viola- erally the last thing Ranger students are allowed to do.
tions (lying, cheating, stealing) and Special Observation Though the Ranger student’s daily caloric intake of 2200
Reports (SORs) may be offered a day one restart as op- calories might be enough for the average person, Ranger
posed to being dropped from the course. Students that students are under such physical stress that this amount
fall in these categories must obtain permission from the is insufficient. The Ranger Training Brigade does not
Ranger Training Brigade Commander to reenter Ranger maintain weight information in the 21st century, but in
School at a later date. the 1980s, Ranger Students lost an average of 30 pounds
during the Ranger course.[14]
Graduation Rates
Historically, the graduation rate has been around 50%,
but this has fluctuated. In the period prior to 1980, the
Ranger Training Deaths
Ranger School attrition rate was over 65%. 64% of Ranger Ranger School is designed to physically stress students
School class 10-80 graduated.[13] The graduation rate has to a point short of death. But deaths have occurred dur-
dropped below 50% in recent years: 52% in 2005, 54% in ing Ranger Training. "In the winter of 1977, two students
2006, 56% in 2007, 49% in 2008, 46% in 2009, and 43% in died of hypothermia when they lost contact with their
2010. Recycles are included in the graduation rates. Re- main element in the Florida swamp. In 1985, again while
cycles are tracked by the class they start with, and affect in the Florida phase, a soldier drowned while trying to
only that class’s graduation rate.[8] cross a stream against a strong current." In March 1992,
a student with the "sickle cell anemia trait" died after ex-
6
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ranger School
posure to high altitude and stress in the mountain phase. [2] GoArmy.com. "GoArmy.com: Training". US Army.
The Ranger Training Brigade did not know about his ex- http://www.goarmy.com/ranger/training.html.
isting medical issue until after his death. In August 1992, Retrieved 24 April 2011.
a Ranger student died from a fall on the Slide for Life.[15] [3] United States Army, U.S. Army Ranger School
The "worst incident in the 44-year history of the Command Brief, United States Army. PowerPoint
school" occurred on 15 February 1995 during the Florida Presentation, n.d.
Phase of class 3-95. Captain Milton Palmer, 2LT Spencer [4] United States Army, 1950.
Dodge, 2LT Curt Sansoucie, and SGT Norman Tillman died [5] ^ Lock, 28–29.
from hypothermia. Investigations of the incident were [6] ^ Lock, 29.
conducted by the US Air Force, the Ranger Training Bri- [7] Lock, 46.
gade, and the US Army’s Safety Board. The results were [8] ^ Ranger Training Brigade (13 April 2011). "Ranger
determined to be a result of a combination of human er- Training Brigade Brief". United States Army.
rors exacerbated by "unexpected weather conditions". http://www.benning.army.mil/infantry/rtb/
Nine Ranger Instructors were disciplined and the 6th content/PDF/Ranger%20School%20web11.pdf.
Ranger Training Battalion commander was relieved. As Retrieved 24 April 2011.
there was no basis for criminal charges, none were court [9] Ranger Training Brigade (February 2011). "Ranger
martialed.[16] The four deceased Ranger School students Handbook: SH 21-76". United States Army. p. cover.
were posthumously awarded the Ranger Tab.[17] http://www.benning.army.mil/infantry/rtb/
As a result of the 1995 deaths, 38 new safety measures content/PDF/
were implemented in the Florida Phase. According to 2011%20RHB%20Final%20Revised%2002-11-2011.pdf.
John Lock, Retrieved 24 April 2011. .
[10] ^ United States Army (13 April 2011). "Ranger
New equipment is now on hand to assist troubled Training Brigade - Student Information: Phases".
students; equipment which includes one-man in- Ranger Training Brigade.
flatable rafts designed to get Rangers out of the http://www.benning.army.mil/infantry/rtb/.
water and to arrest hypothermia, water measuring Retrieved 24 April 2011.
devices, and global positioning systems. Monitoring [11] Lock, 91–92.
stations have also been installed in swamp loca- [12] Lock, 92.
tions to provide better information on weather and [13] Lock, 22, 30.
water conditions. Command and control proce- [14] ^ Lock, 30.
dures now include the Ranger Battalion Comman- [15] Lock, 182.
der who will make the final call as to whether wa- [16] Lock, 188.
terborne operations are a Go, No Go, or [17] Lock, 186.
modified—on-site RIs [Ranger Instructors] also [18] Lock, 182–189.
have the authority to call off an operation should
the situation warrant it. Additionally, training
lanes will be walked by RIs prior to the exercise and References
there will be no deviation in the landing sites for • Lock, John (2005). The Coveted Black and Gold: A Daily
the patrols.[18] Journey Through the U.S. Army Ranger School Experience.
Arizona: Fenestra Books. ISBN 1-58736-367-4.
See also • United States Army. "First Graduating Class". Ranger
School Graduation Gallery. United States Army.
• Recondo https://www.benning.army.mil/infantry/rtb/
• Ranger Assessment and Selection Program RTBList.html. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
• United States Army Reconnaissance and Surveillance
Leaders Course
External links
Notes • US Army Ranger School’s homepage
• Ranger School information forum
[1] Discovery Channel. "Surviving the Cut". • Is combat experience making Ranger School
DiscoveryChannelStore.com. unnecessary? http://www.stripes.com/news/is-
http://store.discovery.com/ combat-experience-making-ranger-school-
detail.php?p=285123&v=discovery#tabs. Retrieved unnecessary-1.129472
18 April 2011.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranger_School&oldid=464945636"
7
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ranger School
Categories:
• United States Army Rangers
• United States Army schools
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