Ch. 12 Vocabulary & Overview Name ____________________________
Vocabulary:
*If you make a set of flash cards to learn the vocabulary, you will receive 2 bonus points on the quiz. You must turn the flash cards
in to be checked the day of the vocabulary quiz.
sex chromosome autosome sex-linked trait linked gene germ-cell mutation somatic-cell mutation
lethal mutation deletion inversion translocation nondisjunction point mutation
substitution pedigree carrier genetic disorder frameshift mutation insertion mutation
polygenic multiple allele codominance incomplete dominance sex-influenced trait
amniocentesis chorionic villi sampling genetic counseling gene therapy
CHROMOSOMES AND INHERITANCE
Chromosomes
1. What are sex chromosomes? What is the genotype for a male? Female?
2. What are autosomes?
3. What is the SRY gene?
Effects of Gene Location
1. What is a sex-linked trait?
2. Is a male or female more likely to express a sex-linked trait? Explain.
3. What are linked genes?
4. What does a chromosome map show?
Mutations
1. What is a mutation?
2. What is the difference between a germ-cell mutation and a somatic-cell mutation?
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3. What is a lethal mutation? When does death typically occur?
4. Describe the following chromosome mutations:
a. Deletion
b. Inversion
c. Translocation
d. Nondisjunction
5. What occurs during a point mutation?
6. What may occur during substitution?
7. What happens to the amino acid sequence if a frameshift mutation occurs?
HUMAN GENETICS
Inheritance of Traits
1. What is a pedigree?
What do the following symbols symbolize:
a. square d. empty symbol
b. circle e. horizontal line
c. filled symbol f. vertical line
Genetic Traits and Disorders
1. What is a genetic disorder?
2. What is meant by polygenic? Give an example.
3. What are multiple alleles? Give an example.
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4. What is codominance? Give an example.
5. What is incomplete dominance? Give an example.
6. What is meant by a single dominant allele trait? Give an example.
Detecting Genetic Disease
1. What is an amniocentesis?
2. How is chorionic villi sampling different from amniocentesis?
3. What is genetic counseling?
4. What is gene therapy?
5. How is somatic gene therapy different from germ cell gene therapy?
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