FHW CO Rev

FHW/01-CO-Rev.



2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation



Colorado



Revised March 2003



U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Steve Williams, Director



U.S. Department of Commerce Donald L. Evans, Secretary Samuel W. Bodman, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration Kathleen B. Cooper, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon, Director



Economics and Statistics Administration Kathleen B. Cooper Under Secretary for Economic Affairs



Department of Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary



FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Steve Williams, Director



U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Charles Louis Kincannon Director Division of Federal Aid Kris E. LaMontagne, Chief



As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure their development in the best interests of all our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island territories under U.S. administration. The mission of the Department’s Fish and Wildlife Service is to conserve, protect, and enhance fish and wildlife and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration and the Federal Aid of Wildlife Restoration Programs. These two grant programs provide financial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs pay for the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.



Suggested Citation

U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.



Contents



List of Tables



....................................................................................



iv v vi



Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Survey Background and Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..



Highlights

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-Associated Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-Watching Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1991-2001 Survey Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 6 7 8 10 12 14



Tables

Guide to Statistical Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing and Hunting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-Watching Tables ........................................................................... 16 17 34



Appendices

A. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. National and Regional 1991, 1996, and 2001 Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Participants 6 to 15 Years Old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 B-2 C-2 D-2



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



iii



List of Tables



Fishing and Hunting: 2001

Fishing and Hunting in Colorado by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Colorado by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Colorado by Type of Fish: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Colorado: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Colorado by Type of Fish: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Colorado: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Colorado by Type of Fish: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Colorado by Type of Hunting: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Colorado by Type of Game: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Colorado by Type of Land: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. Selected Characteristics of Colorado Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. Summary of Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents by Type of Fishing: 2001 . . . . . . . 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents by Type of Hunting 2001 . . . . . . 19. Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents for Fishing: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20. Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents for Hunting: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Colorado for Fishing and Hunting by Colorado Residents and Nonresidents: 2001 . 22. Summary of Expenditures by Colorado Residents in the United States for Fishing and Hunting: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. Summary of Expenditures by Colorado Residents in State and Out of State for Fishing and Hunting: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 21 21 22 22 23 24 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33



Wildlife-Related Recreation: 2001

24. U.S. Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in Colorado: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Nonresidential (Away From Home) Wildlife-Watching Activities in Colorado: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26. Nonresidential (Away From Home) Wildlife-Watching Participants Visiting Public Areas in Colorado and Type of Site Visited: 2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27. Nonresidential (Away From Home) Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Colorado: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28. Participation in Residential (Around the Home) Wildlife-Watching Activities in Colorado: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29. Colorado Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Colorado: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31. Wild Bird Observers in Colorado Who Can Identify Wild Birds by Sight or Sound, and Who Keep Birding Life Lists: 2001 32. Selected Characteristics of Colorado Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Colorado for Wildlife Watching by Residents and Nonresidents: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . 35. Expenditures in the United States by Colorado Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36. Summary of Expenditures by Colorado Residents in State and Out of State for Wildlife Watching: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37. Participation of Colorado Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38. Participation of Colorado Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39. Participants in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by Participant's State of Residence: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40. Participants in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Where Activity Took Place: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 43 44 45 46



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Foreword



Fish and wildlife resources are part of our American culture. Whether we are fishing, hunting, watching wildlife or feeding backyard birds, Americans derive many hours of enjoyment from wildliferelated recreation. Wildlife recreation is the cornerstone of our Nation’s great conservation ethic. The 2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation is a partnership effort with the States and national conservation organizations, and has become one of the most important sources of information on fish and wildlife recreation in the United States. It is a useful tool that quantifies the economic impact of wildlife-based recreation. Federal, State, and private organizations use this detailed information to manage wildlife, market products, and look for trends. The 2001 Survey is the tenth in a series that began in 1955. More than 82 million U.S. residents fished, hunted, and watched wildlife in 2001. They spent over $108 billion pursuing their recreational activities, contributing to millions of jobs in industries and businesses that support wildlife-related recreation. Furthermore, funds generated by licenses and taxes on hunting and fishing equipment pay for many of the conservation efforts in this country.



Wildlife recreationists are among the Nation’s most ardent conservationists. They not only contribute financially to conservation efforts, but also spend time and effort to introduce children and other newcomers to the enjoyment of the outdoors and wildlife. I appreciate the assistance of those who took time to participate in this valuable survey. We all can be grateful that America’s great tradition of wildliferelated recreation remains strong.



Steve Williams Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



v



Survey Background and Method



The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The purpose of the Survey is to gather information on the number of anglers, hunters, and wildlife-watching participants (formerly known as nonconsumptive wildlife-related participants) in the United States. Information also is collected on how often these recreationists participate and how much they spend on their activities. Preparations for the 2001 Survey began in 1999 when the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (IAFWA) asked us, the Fish and Wildlife Service, to conduct the tenth national survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration Acts, as amended. We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations such as the Wildlife Management Institute and American Sportfishing Association to determine survey content. Other sportspersons’ organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice. Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of the IAFWA to ensure that State fish and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to participate in all phases of survey planning and



design. The committees were made up of agency representatives. Data collection for the Survey was carried out in two phases by the U.S. Census Bureau. The first phase was the screen which began in April 2001. During the screening phase, the Census Bureau interviewed a sample of 80,000 households nationwide to determine who in the household had fished, hunted, or engaged in wildlife-watching activities in 2000, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2001. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all household members. The screen primarily covered 2000 activities while the next, more indepth phase covered 2001 activities. For more information on the 2000 data, refer to Appendix C. The second phase of the data collection consisted of three detailed interview waves. The first wave began in April 2001, the second in September 2001, and the last in January 2002. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identified in the initial screening phase. These interviews were conducted primarily by telephone, with in-person interviews for those respondents who could not be reached by telephone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expenditures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable



results at the State level. Altogether, interviews were completed for 25,070 respondents from the sportspersons sample and 15,303 from the wildlife watchers sample. More detailed information on sampling procedures and response rates is found in Appendix D.



Comparability With Previous Surveys

The 2001 Survey’s questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 1996 and 1991 Surveys. Therefore, the estimates of all three surveys are comparable. The methodology of the 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys did differ significantly from the 1985 and 1980 Surveys, so their estimates are not directly comparable to those earlier surveys. The changes in methodology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods. See the Summary Section and Appendix B.



vi



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Highlights



Introduction



The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation reports results from interviews with U.S. residents about their fishing, hunting, and other wildlife-related recreation. This report focuses on 2001 participation and expenditures of U.S. residents 16 years of age and older. In addition to the 2001 numbers, we also provide 11-year trend data. The 2001 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991 and 1996 Survey reports because these three surveys used similar methodologies. However, the 2001 estimates should not be directly compared with the results from Surveys earlier than 1991 because of changes in methodology. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the information provided. Trend information from 1991 to 2001 is presented in Appendix B. The report also provides information on participation in wildlife-related recreation in 2000, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2000 information is provided in Appendix C. Additional information about the scope and coverage of the Survey can be found in the Survey Background and Method section of this report. The remainder of this section defines important terms used in the Survey.



Wildlife-Associated Recreation

Wildlife-associated recreation includes fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. These categories are not mutually exclusive because many individuals enjoyed fish and wildlife in several ways in 2001. Wildlife-associated recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) fishing and hunting and (2) wildlife watching (formerly nonconsumptive wildlife-related recreation). Wildlife watching includes observing, photographing, and feeding fish and wildlife.



fished, only hunted, and both hunted and fished. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters, because those people who both fished and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice.



Anglers

Anglers are sportspersons who only fished plus those who fished and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hookand-line anglers, but also those who have no license and those who use special methods such as fishing with spears. Three types of fishing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of fishing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of fishing.



Fishing and Hunting

This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who fished or hunted in 2001, regardless of whether they were licensed. The fishing and hunting sections of this report are organized to report three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters.



Hunters

Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and fished. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using common hunting practices, but also those who have no license and those who engaged in hunting with a bow and arrow, muzzleloader, other primitive firearms, or a pistol or handgun. Four types of hunting are reported: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters participated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters.



Sportspersons

Sportspersons are those who fished or hunted. Individuals who fished or hunted commercially in 2001 are reported as sportspersons only if they also fished or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of the three subgroups in the diagram below: (1) those who fished and hunted, (2) those who only fished, and (3) those who only hunted. The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only



Sportspersons

Anglers Hunters



Fished only



Fished and hunted



Hunted only



2



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Wildlife-Watching Activities (formerly Nonconsumptive Wildlife-Related Recreation)

Since 1980, the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation has included information on wildlife-watching activities in addition to fishing and hunting. However, the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Surveys, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, collected data only for those activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching (observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife). The Survey uses a strict definition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a “special interest” in wildlife around their homes or take a trip for the “primary purpose” of wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife-watching activities such as incidentally observing wildlife while



pleasure driving were included in the 1980 and 1985 Surveys but not in the succeeding ones. Two types of wildlife-watching activity are reported: (1) nonresidential and (2) residential. Because some people participate in more than one type of wildlife-watching activity, the sum of participants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. The two types of wildlifewatching activities are defined below.



circuses, aquariums, or museums were not considered wildlife-watching activities.



Residential (around the home)

This group included those whose activities are within 1 mile of home and involve one or more of the following: (1) closely observing or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife on a regular basis; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least onequarter acre where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern; (5) maintaining plantings (shrubs, agricultural crops, etc.) where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern; or (6) visiting public parks within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife.



Nonresidential (away from the home)

This group included persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing fish and wildlife. Trips to fish, hunt, or scout and trips to zoos,



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



3



2001 Colorado Summary

(Participants 16 years old and older)



Activities in the United States by Colorado Residents



Activities in Colorado by U.S. Residents



Fishing

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .626,000 Days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7,639,000 Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$772,537,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$230,818,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$541,719,000 Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,234 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$30 Trip and equipment expenditures by Coloradans out of state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$265,707,000



Fishing

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .915,000 Days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9,267,000 Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$645,891,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$305,716,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$340,175,000 Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$698 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$33 Trip and equipment expenditures by nonresidents in Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$157,656,000



Hunting

Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168,000 Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,982,000 Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$185,277,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$56,110,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$129,167,000 Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,102 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$28 Trip and equipment expenditures by Coloradans out of state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$20,475,000



Hunting

Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281,000 Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2,610,000 Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$382,599,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$185,738,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$196,861,000 Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,281 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$71 Trip and equipment expenditures by nonresidents in Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$151,519,000



Wildlife Watching

Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . . . . . .1,213,000 Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .531,000 Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,127,000 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$388,848,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$183,470,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$205,378,000 Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$321 Trip and equipment expenditures by Coloradans out of state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$113,305,000



Wildlife Watching

Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . . . . . .1,552,000 Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .838,000 Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1,127,000 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$624,402,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$416,734,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$207,668,000 Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$402 Trip and equipment expenditures by nonresidents in Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$344,457,000



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



5



Wildlife-Associated Recreation



Participation in Colorado

The 2001 Survey revealed that 2.1 million Colorado residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in Colorado. Of the total number of participants, 915 thousand fished, 281 thousand hunted, and nearly 1.6 million participated in wildlife-watching activities, including observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers exceeds the total number of participants in wildlife-related recreation because many individuals engaged in more than one wildlife activity.



activity levels of 6- to 15-year-old participants and participants 16 years old and older remained the same from 2000 to 2001. Based on this assumption, in addition to the 626,000 resident anglers 16 years old and older in Colorado, there were 178,000 resident anglers 6 to15 years old. Also, there were 168,000 16year-old and older Coloradans and 20,000 6- to 15-year-old Coloradans who hunted. Finally, there were 1,213,000 Coloradans 16 years old and older and 252,000 Coloradans 6 to 15 years old who wildlife watched. Further information on 6 to 15 year olds is provided in Appendix C.



Percent of Total Participation by Activity

(Total: 2.1 million participants)

73%



43%



Expenditures in Colorado

In 2001, state residents and nonresidents spent $2.0 billion on wildlife recreation in Colorado. Of that total, trip-related expenditures were $908 million and equipment purchases totaled $924 million. The remaining $168 million was spent on licenses, contributions, land ownership and leasing, and other items and services.

13%



Participation by 6- to 15-year-old Colorado Residents

The focus of this report is on the activity of participants 16 years old and older since they are the primary source of wildlife-associated expenditures. However, the activity of 6 to 15 year olds can be calculated using the screening data covering the year 2000. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the relative



Fishing



Hunting



Wildlife Watching



Participants in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Colorado—2001

(U.S. residents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife Watchers Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Tables 3, 24, 40. Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Wildlife-Associated Recreation Expenditures in Colorado

(Total: $2.0 billion)

Other 8%



2.1 million 1.1 million 915 thousand 281 thousand 1.6 million 1.1 million 838 thousand



Trip-related 45%



Equipment 46%



6



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Sportspersons



In 2001, 1.1 million state resident and nonresident sportspersons 16 years old and older fished or hunted in Colorado. This group comprised 915 thousand anglers (85 percent of all sportspersons) and 281 thousand hunters (26 percent of



all sportspersons). Among the 1.1 million sportspersons who fished or hunted in the state, 797 thousand (74%) fished but did not hunt in Colorado. Another 161 thousand (15%) hunted but did not fish



there. The remaining 120 thousand (11%) fished and hunted in Colorado in 2001.



Sportspersons' Participation in Colorado

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Sportspersons (fished or hunted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 1. Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



1.1 million 915 thousand 797 thousand 120 thousand 281 thousand 161 thousand 120 thousand



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



7



Anglers



Participants and Days of Fishing

In 2001, 915 thousand state residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished in Colorado. Of this total, 560 thousand anglers (61%) were state residents and 357 thousand anglers (39%) were nonresidents. Anglers fished a total of 9.3 million days in Colorado—an average of 10 days per angler. State residents fished 6.5 million days, 70 percent of all fishing days within Colorado compared to nonresidents who fished 2.8 million days—30 percent of all fishing days in the state.



There were 626 thousand Coloradans 16 years old and older who fished in the United States in 2001. These anglers fished a total of 7.6 million days. Approximately 560 thousand resident anglers (89%) fished in Colorado. They spent 6.5 million days, 85 percent of their total fishing days, fishing in their resident state. Some state residents fished in other states as well as in Colorado. In 2001, 197 thousand anglers fished in other states— 31 percent of the resident angler total.



They fished 1.2 million days as nonresidents, representing 15 percent of all days fished by Colorado residents. For further details about fishing in Colorado, see Table 3.



Anglers in Colorado

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 3.



915 thousand 560 thousand 357 thousand 9.3 million 6.5 million 2.8 million



In-State/Out-of-State

(State residents 16 years old and older) Colorado anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 3. Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



626 thousand 560 thousand 197 thousand 7.6 million 6.5 million 1.2 million



8



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Fishing Expenditures in Colorado

Anglers 16 years old and older spent $646 million on fishing expenses in Colorado in 2001. Trip-related expenditures including food and lodging, transportation, and other expenses totaled $306 million—47 percent of all their fishing expenditures. They spent $157 million on food and lodging and $103 million on transportation. Other trip expenses such as equipment rental, bait, and cooking fuel totaled $46 million. Each angler spent an average of $334 on trip-related costs during 2001.



Anglers spent $297 million on equipment in Colorado in 2001, 46 percent of all fishing expenditures. Fishing equipment (rods, reels, line, etc.) totaled $75 million—25 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, special fishing clothes, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (boats, pickups, etc.) amounted to $222 million, 75 percent of the equipment total. Special and auxiliary equipment are items that were purchased for fishing, but could be used in activities other than fishing.



The purchase of other items such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, stamps, and land leasing and ownership amounted to $43 million—7 percent of all fishing expenditures. For more details about fishing expenditures in Colorado, see Tables 19, 21-23.



Fishing Expenditures in Colorado

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 19.



$646 million $306 million $297 million $75 million $222 million $43 million



Fishing Expenditures in Colorado

(Total: $646 million)

Other 7%



Trip-related 47%



Equipment 46%



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



9



Hunters



Participants and Days of Hunting

In 2001, there were 281 thousand residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older who hunted in Colorado. Resident hunters numbered 159 thousand accounting for 57 percent of the hunters in Colorado. There were 121 thousand nonresidents who hunted in Colorado—43 percent of the State's hunters. Residents and nonresidents hunted 2.6 million days in 2001, an average of 9 days per hunter. Residents hunted on 1.7 million days in



Colorado or 64 percent of all hunting days, while nonresidents spent 930 thousand days hunting in Colorado, 36 percent of all hunting days. There were 168 thousand Colorado residents 16 years old and older who hunted in the United States in 2001. Of the total 2.0 million days of hunting by state residents, 1.7 million days (85 percent of the total) were spent pursuing game within Colorado.



Some state residents hunted in other states as well as in Colorado. Altogether, 27 thousand Colorado hunters, 16 percent of the total, hunted as nonresidents in other states. Their 303 thousand days of hunting in other states represented 15 percent of all days Colorado residents spent hunting in 2001. For more information on hunting activities by Colorado residents, see Table 3.



Hunters in Colorado

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 3.



281 thousand 159 thousand 121 thousand 2.6 million 1.7 million 930 thousand



In-State/Out-of-State

(State residents 16 years old and older) Colorado hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 3. Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



168 thousand 159 thousand 27 thousand 2.0 million 1.7 million 303 thousand



10



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Hunting Expenditures in Colorado

Hunters 16 years old and older spent nearly $383 million in Colorado in 2001. Trip-related expenses such as food and lodging, transportation, and other trip costs totaled $186 million, 49 percent of their total expenditures. They spent $70 million on food and lodging and $57 million on transportation. Other expenses such as equipment rental totaled $59 million for the year. The average triprelated expenditure per hunter was $662.



Hunters spent $110 million on equipment—29 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $82 million and comprised 74 percent of all equipment costs. Hunters spent $28 million on auxiliary equipment (tents, special hunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, pickups, etc.), accounting for 26 percent of total equipment expenditures for hunting. Special and auxiliary equipment are items



that were purchased for hunting but could be used in activities other than hunting. The purchase of other items such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, and land leasing and ownership cost hunters $87 million—23 percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting expenditures in Colorado, see Tables 20-23.



Hunting Expenditures in Colorado

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 20.



$383 million $186 million $110 million $82 million $28 million $87 million



Hunting Expenditures in Colorado

(Total: $383 million)

Other 23%



Trip-related 49%



Equipment 29%



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



11



Wildlife-Watching Activities

Participants and Days of Activity

In 2001, 1.6 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older fed, observed, or photographed wildlife in Colorado. Approximately 73 percent—1.1 million of the wildlife watchers—enjoyed their activities close to home and are called "residential" participants. Those persons who enjoyed wildlife at least 1 mile from home are called "nonresidential" participants. People participating in nonresidential activities in Colorado in 2001 numbered 838 thousand—54 percent of all wildlife watchers in Colorado. Of the 838 thousand, 477 thousand were state residents and 362 thousand were nonresidents. In 2001, Coloradans 16 years old and older who enjoyed nonresidential wildlife watching within their state totaled 477 thousand. Of this group, 447 thousand participants observed wildlife, 295 thousand photographed wildlife, and 88 thousand fed wildlife. Since some individuals engaged in more than one of the three nonresidential activities during the year, the sum of wildlife observers, feeders, and photographers exceeds the total number of nonresidential participants. Coloradans spent nearly 5.9 million days engaged in nonresidential wildlifewatching activities in their state. During 2001, they spent 4.1 million days observing wildlife, 2.2 million days photographing wildlife, and 730 thousand days feeding wildlife. The sum of days observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife exceeds the total days of wildlifewatching activity because individuals may have engaged in more than one activity on some days. For further details about nonresidential activities, see Table 25. Colorado residents also took an active interest in wildlife around their homes. In 2001, 1.1 million state residents enjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within 1 mile of their homes. Among this residential group, 904 thousand fed wildlife, 745 thousand observed wildlife, and 326 thousand photographed wildlife around their homes. Another 269 thousand residential participants visited public parks within a mile of home; 184 thousand participants maintained plantings for the benefit of wildlife; and 109 thousand participants maintained natural areas of one-quarter acre or more for wildlife. Adding the participants in these six activities results in a sum that exceeds the total number of residential participants because many people participated in more than one type of residential activity. For further details about Colorado residents participating in residential wildlife-watching activities, see Table 28. Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Wildlife-Watching Participants in Colorado

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 24. Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



1.6 million 1.1 million 838 thousand



100% 73% 54%



Nonresidential (away from home) Wildlife-Watching Participation in Colorado

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 25. Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



838 thousand 805 thousand 542 thousand 116 thousand 9.5 million 6.3 million 3.2 million 814 thousand



Residential (around the home) Wildlife-Watching Participation in Colorado

(State residents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit public areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 28. Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



1.1 million 904 thousand 745 thousand 326 thousand 269 thousand 184 thousand 109 thousand



12



Wild Bird Observers

Bird watching attracted many wildlife enthusiasts in Colorado. In 2001, 1.1 million people observed birds around the home and on trips. Approximately 59 percent (632 thousand), observed wild birds around the home while 61 percent (657 thousand) took trips away from home to watch birds. People bird watching in Colorado varied in their ability to identify different bird species. Within Colorado, 788 thousand of these 1.1 million birders (73 percent) could identify 1 to 20 different types of birds; 141 thousand birders (13 percent) could identify 21 to 40 types of birds; and 94 thousand birders (9 percent) could identify 41 or more types of birds. Approximately 45 thousand wild bird enthusiasts kept birding life lists in 2001. Participants keeping these lists—a tally of bird species seen by a birder during his or



her lifetime—comprised 4 percent of all wild bird observers in Colorado. For further details about birding in Colorado, see Tables 30 and 31.



Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Colorado

Participants 16 years old and older spent $624 million on wildlife-watching activities in Colorado in 2001. Triprelated expenditures, including food and lodging ($279 million), transportation ($120 million), and other trip expenses such as equipment rental ($18 million) amounted to nearly $417 million. This summation comprised 67 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures by participants. The average trip-related expenditure for nonresidential participants was $497 per person in 2001. Wildlife-watching participants spent $173 million on equipment—28 percent of all their expenditures. Specifically,



wildlife-watching equipment (binoculars, special clothing, etc.) totaled $136 million, 79 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, backpacking equipment, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to $36 million—21 percent of all equipment costs. Special and auxiliary equipment are items that were purchased for wildlife-watching recreation but can be used in activities other than wildlife-watching activities. Other items purchased by wildlifewatching participants such as magazines, membership dues, and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings totaled $35 million—6 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures. For more details about wildlife-watching expenditures in Colorado, see Table 33.



Wild Bird Observers in Colorado

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential (around the home) . . . . . . . Nonresidential (away from home) . . . . Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential (around the home) . . . . . . . Nonresidential (away from home) . . . .

Source: Table 30. Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Colorado 100% 59% 61% 100% 92% 8%

(Total: $624 million)

Equipment 28% Other 6%



1.1 million 632 thousand 657 thousand 82.2 million 75.8 million 6.4 million



Trip-related 67%



Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Colorado

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Source: Table 33.



$624 million $417 million $173 million $136 million $36 million $35 million



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



13



1991-2001 Survey Comparisons



Comparing the estimates from the 1991, 1996, and 2001 National Surveys provides a picture of wildlife-related recreation in the 1990s and early 2000s in Colorado. Only the most general recreation comparisons are presented here. The best way to compare estimates from surveys is to compare the confidence intervals around the estimates—not to compare the estimates themselves. A 90percent confidence interval around an



estimate gives the range of estimates that 90 percent of all possible representative samples would supply. If the 90-percent confidence intervals of two survey's estimates overlap, it is not possible to say the two estimates are statistically different at the 10 percent level of significance. The state resident estimates cover the participation and expenditure activity of Colorado residents anywhere in the United States. The in-state estimates cover the participation, day, and



expenditure activity of U.S. residents in Colorado. The expenditure estimates were made comparable by adjusting the estimates for inflation—all dollar estimates are in 2001 dollars. Also, expenditure items that were not common to each survey were not included in the comparisons. Therefore, expenditure estimates used in the comparisons may not match the estimates presented elsewhere in this report.



Colorado 1991 and 2001 Comparison

1991 Fishing (Numbers in thousands) Anglers in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting (Numbers in thousands) Hunters in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential Wildlife Watching (Numbers in thousands) Participants in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential Wildlife Watching (Numbers in thousands) Total participants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-Watching Expenditures (Numbers in thousands) Trip-related expenditures by state residents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *No significant difference at the 0.10 level of significance. 1,164 9,037 571 838 9,510 531 –28 * * 2001 Percent change



778 6,284 $220,432 567 $415,068



915 9,267 $303,412 626 $770,233



* +47 * * +86



348 2,663 $203,397 206 $200,849



281 2,610 $183,451 168 $182,990



* * * * *



1,092 789 897



1,127 745 904



* * *



$164,265 $483,400



$163,023 $347,548



* *



14



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Colorado 1996 and 2001 Comparison

1996 Fishing (Numbers in thousands) Anglers in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting (Numbers in thousands) Hunters in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential Wildlife Watching (Numbers in thousands) Participants in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days in-state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential Wildlife Watching (Numbers in thousands) Total participants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-Watching Expenditures (Numbers in thousands) Trip-related expenditures by state residents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *No significant difference at the 0.10 level of significance. 1,042 11,328 603 838 9,510 531 * * * 830 8,232 $303,747 671 $725,154 917 9,269 $303,412 626 $770,233 * * * * * 2001 Percent change



454 4,287 $250,420 248 $536,620



281 2,610 $183,451 168 $182,990



–38 –39 * –32 –66



1,188 876 912



1,127 745 904



* * *



$339,805 $642,343



$163,023 $347,548



* *



Number of Colorado Resident Hunters and Anglers: 1991-2001

(Thousands)

Anglers Hunters



Number of Colorado Resident Wildlife Watchers: 1991-2001

(Thousands)

Residential Nonresidential

1,188



Total Expenditures by Colorado Residents: 1991-2001

(Millions. In constant 2001 dollars)

Anglers Hunters Total wildlife watchers



671 626 567



1,092



1,127



770 725 642 603 531 415 348 168 201 183 537 483



571 248 206



1991



1996



2001



1991



1996



2001



1991



1996



2001



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



15



Guide to Statistical Tables



Purpose and Coverage of Tables

The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are defined in Appendix A. The tables are based on responses to the 2001 Survey which was designed to collect data about participation in wildlife-related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (including U.S. citizens) was eligible for interviewing. Therefore, reported state and national totals do not include participation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were residing outside the United States.



Percentages Reported in the Tables

Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, if a table reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters (57 percent), those taken by small game hunters (23 percent), those taken by migratory bird hunters (12 percent), and those taken by sportspersons hunting other animals (8 percent), then these percentages would total 100 percent because they are exclusive categories. Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 2 as an example, note that adding the percentages associated with total number of big game hunters, total small game hunters, total migratory bird hunters, and total hunters of other animals will not necessarily yield 100 percent because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game. When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identified in a footnote. For example, Table 12 reports 3 percentages with different bases: one for the number of hunters, one for the number of trips, and one for days of hunting. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages.



Estimates based upon fewer than 10 responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently: • • Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



Comparability With Previous Surveys

The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991 and 1996 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2001 was similar to that used in 1996 and 1991. These results should not be directly compared to results from surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the information provided.



“Multiple responses” is a term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 2 as an example, those who fished in saltwater and freshwater appear in both of these totals. Yet each angler is represented only once in the “Total, all fishing” row. Similarly, in Table 12 those who hunt for big game and small game are counted only once as a hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row. Therefore, totals may be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist. "Nonresponse" exists because the survey questions were answered voluntarily and some respondents did not or could not answer all the questions. The effect of nonresponses is illustrated in Table 18 where the total for hunting expenditures may be greater than the sum for the different types of hunting expenditures. This occurs because some respondents did not specify the type of hunting as the primary purpose of the purchase. As a result, it is known that the expenditures were for hunting, but it is not known whether they were primarily for a particular type of hunting. In this case, totals are greater than the sum of subcategories when nonresponses have occurred.



Coverage of an Individual Table

Since the Survey covers many activities in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 2 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are being reported by type of activity. By contrast, the title of Table 7 indicates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they fished for different species of fish.



Footnotes to the Tables

Footnotes are used to clarify the information or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. These symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear: Estimate based on a small sample size. Sample size too small to report data reliably. W Less than .5 dollars. Z Less than .5 percent. X Not applicable. NA Not available. * ...



16



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Colorado by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, state residents and nonresidents Sportspersons Number Total sportspersons (fished or hunted) . . . . . . . . . . . Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. 1,077 915 797 120 281 161 120 Percent of sportspersons 100 85 74 11 26 15 11 Number 618 560 458 102 159 *58 102 Residents Percent of resident sportspersons 100 91 74 16 26 *9 16 Nonresidents Percent of nonresident sportspersons 100 78 74 ... 26 22 ...



Number 460 357 338 ... 121 103 ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Colorado by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Type of fishing and hunting Number FISHING Total, all fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, all freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUNTING Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. 281 235 74 *55 ... 100 84 26 *19 ... 2,610 1,634 483 *539 ... 100 63 19 *21 ... 1,577 468 395 *558 ... 100 30 25 *35 ... 915 915 915 ... ... 100 100 100 ... ... 9,267 9,267 9,267 ... ... 100 100 100 ... ... 5,871 5,871 5,871 ... ... 100 100 100 ... ... Percent Number Percent Number Percent Days of participation Trips



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



17



Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Colorado Anglers and hunters, trips, and days of participation Total, state residents and nonresidents Number FISHING Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total days of fishing. . . . . . . . . Average days of fishing . . . . . . HUNTING Total hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total days of hunting . . . . . . . . Average days of hunting . . . . . (X) Not applicable. 281 1,577 2,610 9 100 100 100 (X) 159 1,319 1,680 11 57 84 64 (X) 121 258 930 8 43 16 36 (X) 168 1,545 1,982 12 100 100 100 (X) 159 1,319 1,680 11 95 85 85 (X) *27 *227 *303 *11 *16 *15 *15 (X) 915 5,871 9,267 10 100 100 100 (X) 560 5,368 6,478 12 61 91 70 (X) 357 502 2,791 8 39 9 30 (X) 626 5,866 7,639 12 100 100 100 (X) 560 5,368 6,478 12 89 92 85 (X) 197 497 1,161 6 31 8 15 (X) Percent State residents Number Percent Nonresidents Number Percent Activity by Colorado residents in United States Total, in state of residence and in other states Number Percent In state of residence Number Percent In other states Number Percent



* Estimate based on a small sample size.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Table 4. Colorado Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2001

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers Place fished or hunted Number Total, all places. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-state and other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In other states only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. 626 429 131 *66 Percent 100 69 21 *11 Number 168 141 ... ... Percent 100 84 ... ... Hunters



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail may not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



18



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 5. Colorado Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2001

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Type of fishing and hunting Number FISHING Total, all fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, all freshwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Freshwater, except Great Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saltwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUNTING Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. 168 130 73 *52 ... 100 77 43 *31 ... 1,982 897 694 *559 ... 100 45 35 *28 ... 1,545 322 552 *578 ... 100 21 36 *37 ... 626 621 617 ... ... 100 99 98 ... ... 7,639 7,553 7,536 ... ... 100 99 99 ... ... 5,866 5,841 5,822 ... ... 100 100 99 ... ... Percent Number Percent Number Percent Days of participation Trips



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Colorado Anglers, trips, and days of fishing Total, state residents and nonresidents Number Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANGLERS Total, all types of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ponds, lakes or reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rivers or streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total, all types of water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ponds, lakes or reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rivers or streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 9,267 6,237 3,700 100 100 100 6,478 4,422 2,713 70 71 73 2,789 1,815 988 30 29 27 915 678 492 100 100 100 560 471 295 61 69 60 355 207 197 39 31 40 915 5,871 9,267 10 Percent 100 100 100 (X) State residents Number 560 5,368 6,478 12 Percent 61 91 70 (X) Nonresidents Number 355 502 2,789 8 Percent 39 9 30 (X)



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



19



Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Colorado by Type of Fish: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Colorado Anglers and days of fishing Total, state residents and nonresidents Number ANGLERS Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Panfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . . . . . . . . Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catfish, bullheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . . . . Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other freshwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total, all types of fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Panfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . . . . . . . . Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catfish, bullheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . . . . Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other freshwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1



State residents Number Percent



Nonresidents Number Percent



Percent



915 *42 *46 *62 *71 *68 *47 *65 ... 806 *60 113 ...



100 *100 *100 *100 *100 *100 *100 *100 ... 100 *100 100 ...



560 ... *41 *43 *53 *65 *41 *55 ... 511 ... *63 ...



61 ... *89 *70 *75 *96 *88 *84 ... 63 ... *55 ...



355 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 295 ... *50 ...



39 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 37 ... *45 ...



9,267 *597 *241 *427 *864 *1,164 *278 *555 ... 7,637 *377 631 ...



100 *100 *100 *100 *100 *100 *100 *100 ... 100 *100 100 ...



6,478 ... *218 *342 *789 *1,149 *244 *510 ... 5,236 ... *459 ...



70 ... *91 *80 *91 *99 *88 *92 ... 69 ... *73 ...



2,789 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2,401 ... *172 ...



30 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 31 ... *27 ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



20



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Colorado: 2001

This table does not apply to this state.



Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Colorado by Type of Fish: 2001

This table does not apply to this state.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



21



Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Colorado: 2001

This table does not apply to this state.



Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Colorado by Type of Fish: 2001

This table does not apply to this state.



22



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Colorado by Type of Hunting: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Colorado Hunters, trips, and days of hunting Total, state residents and nonresidents Number HUNTERS Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIPS Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. 2,610 1,634 483 *539 ... 100 100 100 *100 ... 1,680 835 *450 *503 ... 64 51 *93 *93 ... 930 798 ... ... ... 36 49 ... ... ... 1,577 468 395 *558 ... 100 100 100 *100 ... 1,319 311 *384 *533 ... 84 66 *97 *96 ... 258 157 ... ... ... 16 34 ... ... ... 281 235 74 *55 ... 100 100 100 *100 ... 159 128 *62 *50 ... 57 54 *83 *92 ... 121 107 ... ... ... 43 46 ... ... ... Percent State residents Number Percent Nonresidents Number Percent



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



23



Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Colorado by Type of Game: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunters, state residents and nonresidents Number Total, all types of game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Big game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wild turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rabbit, hare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grouse/prairie chicken. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Squirrel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pheasant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Migratory birds, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other animals, total

1



Days of hunting Percent 100 84 35 72 ... ... ... 26 *8 ... ... ... *15 ... *19 *15 *12 ... ... ... Number 2,610 1,634 625 1,181 ... ... ... 483 *243 ... ... ... *200 ... *539 *392 *309 ... ... ... Percent 100 63 24 45 ... ... ... 19 *9 ... ... ... *8 ... *21 *15 *12 ... ... ...



Type of game



281 235 99 203 ... ... ... 74 *23 ... ... ... *42 ... *55 *41 *33 ... ... ...



....................................



* Estimate based on a small sample size.

1



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Colorado by Type of Land: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, state residents and nonresidents Number HUNTERS Total, all types of land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public and private land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private and public land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total, all types of land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public land1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1 2



State residents Number Percent



Nonresidents Number Percent



Hunters and days of hunting



Percent



281 194 120 73 160 87 73



100 69 43 26 57 31 26



159 124 83 *42 77 *35 *42



100 78 52 *26 48 *22 *26



121 69 *38 *31 84 *52 *31



100 57 *31 *26 69 *43 *26



2,610 1,650 1,259



100 63 48



1,680 1,260 683



100 75 41



930 391 576



100 42 62



Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land. Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



24



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Colorado Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2001

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Population Characteristic Number Total persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,000 to 249,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,215 2,727 489 2,707 2,059 313 335 509 1,600 1,615 121 329 694 692 624 360 395 413 2,803 3,022 70 123 58 131 334 391 304 711 349 372 565 389 941 755 1,130 Percent 100 85 15 84 64 10 10 16 50 50 4 10 22 22 19 11 12 13 87 94 2 4 2 4 10 12 9 22 11 12 18 12 29 23 35 Number 679 531 149 519 344 77 98 160 518 161 *35 *51 150 187 130 *68 *58 *64 615 669 ... ... ... ... *53 88 *73 191 87 85 81 *64 213 168 234 Sportspersons (fished or hunted) Percent who participated 21 19 30 19 17 25 29 31 32 10 *29 *15 22 27 21 *19 *15 *15 22 22 ... ... ... ... *16 22 *24 27 25 23 14 *16 23 22 21 Percent of sportspersons 100 78 22 76 51 11 14 24 76 24 *5 *7 22 28 19 *10 *9 *9 91 98 ... ... ... ... *8 13 *11 28 13 12 12 *9 31 25 34 Anglers Percent who participated 19 18 27 18 16 *22 24 28 29 10 *27 *14 20 26 18 *19 *13 *14 20 20 ... ... ... ... *15 20 *22 26 23 22 *11 *14 21 20 20 Hunters Percent who partici- Percent of pated hunters 5 5 *7 4 *3 *7 *10 *9 10 ... ... ... *4 *6 *8 ... ... ... 5 5 ... ... ... ... ... *6 ... *6 ... *7 *5 ... *4 *7 *5 100 81 *19 72 *39 *14 *20 *28 96 ... ... ... *17 *25 *31 ... ... ... 91 99 ... ... ... ... ... *14 ... *27 ... *16 *16 ... *22 *32 *35



Number 626 493 133 486 337 *68 81 140 467 159 *33 *47 140 178 110 *68 *50 *60 566 616 ... ... ... ... *49 79 *66 186 81 80 *63 *56 200 149 221



Percent of anglers 100 79 21 78 54 *11 13 22 75 25 *5 *7 22 28 18 *11 *8 *10 90 98 ... ... ... ... *8 13 *11 30 13 13 *10 *9 32 24 35



Number 168 135 *33 121 *65 *23 *33 *47 162 ... ... ... *28 *42 *52 ... ... ... 153 166 ... ... ... ... ... *23 ... *45 ... *26 *26 ... *36 *53 *59



Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college or more . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



25



Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars)



Expenditure item FISHING AND HUNTING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment (fishing, hunting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FISHING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUNTING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNSPECIFIED5 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1 2 3 4 5



Spenders (thousands)



1,376,560 227,230 159,983 104,241 158,794 64,514 528,331 8,220 11,753 113,495



1,119 882 829 647 572 255 92 196 104 800



1,230 258 193 161 278 253 5,735 42 113 142



1,257 211 149 97 143 57 479 6 11 105



645,891 157,182 102,845 45,689 75,412 22,147 *199,673 3,035 *1,647 38,261



892 730 677 559 489 138 *65 78 *45 667



724 215 152 82 154 161 *3,061 39 *37 57



698 172 112 50 80 23 *215 3 *2 41



382,599 70,048 57,139 58,552 81,581 13,241 ... *2,389 *5,909 79,021



321 256 249 132 145 78 ... *56 *37 229



1,192 274 229 442 562 171 ... *43 *162 345



1,281 250 204 209 267 45 ... *7 *20 228



350,057 29,126 *313,937 *2,797 *4,197



165 85 *22 *76 *27



2,117 344 *14,168 *37 *153



311 25 *280 *2 *4



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). Includes tents, special clothing, etc. Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19-20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.



26



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents, by Type of Fishing: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item ALL FISHING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ALL FRESHWATER Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GREAT LAKES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SALTWATER Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 422,818 157,182 102,845 45,689 117,102 823 730 677 559 486 514 215 152 82 241 459 172 112 50 125 422,947 157,182 102,845 45,689 117,232 823 730 677 559 486 514 215 152 82 241 459 172 112 50 125 602,948 157,182 102,845 45,689 297,232 824 730 677 559 513 732 215 152 82 580 652 172 112 50 318 Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) Average per angler (dollars)



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



27



Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents, by Type of Hunting: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item ALL HUNTING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BIG GAME Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SMALL GAME Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MIGRATORY BIRD Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER ANIMALS Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. *17,409 ... ... ... ... *21 ... ... ... ... (W) Less than 1 dollar. *812 ... ... ... ... *(W) ... ... ... ... *29,560 *2,906 *4,370 ... *20,621 *63 *39 *53 ... *43 *473 *75 *83 ... *483 *1,024 *329 *494 ... *13 25,419 *4,727 5,575 ... *14,481 74 *63 66 ... *42 343 *75 84 ... *344 596 *130 153 ... *296 210,056 59,645 40,970 51,556 57,885 250 213 204 114 118 842 280 201 451 490 831 254 174 219 184 295,281 70,048 57,139 58,552 109,543 290 256 249 132 157 1,017 274 229 442 697 1,027 250 204 209 365 Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) Average per hunter (dollars)



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.



28



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 19. Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents for Fishing: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 645,891 Average per angler (dollars) 698 Number (thousands) 892 Spenders Percent of anglers 97 Average per spender (dollars) 724



Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Privilege and other fees1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR FISHING Fishing equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reels, rods, and rod making components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artificial lures and flies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fishing equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fishing costs6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1 2 3 4 5 6



305,716 157,182 103,341 53,840 102,845 45,689 19,432 7,003 12,658 4,292 2,304



334 172 113 59 112 50 21 8 14 5 3



765 730 725 255 677 559 224 86 375 252 134



84 80 79 28 74 61 24 9 41 28 15



399 215 143 211 152 82 87 81 34 17 17



75,412 28,649 14,124 20,213 1,936 ... 10,240 22,147 *199,673 42,943



80 30 15 22 2 ... 11 23 *215 46



489 227 395 382 76 ... 119 138 *65 691



53 25 43 42 8 ... 13 15 *7 75



154 126 36 53 26 ... 86 161 *3,061 62



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes Includes Includes Includes Includes Includes



boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use. boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees and fuel. electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment. tents, special fishing clothing, etc. boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are included.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



29



Table 20. Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents for Hunting: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older) Expenditures Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) 382,599 Average per hunter (dollars) 1,281 Number (thousands) 321 Spenders Percent of hunters 114 Average per spender (dollars) 1,192



Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Privilege and other fees1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heating and cooking fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING Hunting equipment, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Guns and rifles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ammunition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other hunting equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other hunting costs5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1



185,738 70,048 44,170 25,878 57,139 58,552 56,265 ... 2,202



662 250 157 92 204 209 201 ... 8



272 256 256 75 249 132 74 ... 79



97 91 91 27 89 47 27 ... 28



682 274 173 346 229 442 757 ... 28



81,581 *38,527 8,397 34,656 13,241 ... 87,318



267 *119 28 120 45 ... 255



145 *51 120 81 78 ... 256



52 *18 43 29 28 ... 91



562 *763 70 428 171 ... 341



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



2



3 4 5



Includes guide fees, pack trip or package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment. Includes bows, arrows, archery equipment, telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting knives, and other hunting equipment. Includes tents, special hunting clothing, etc. Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. Includes magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, and permits.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 percent because spenders who did not hunt in this state are included.



30



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Colorado for Fishing and Hunting by Colorado Residents and Nonresidents: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars)



Equipment item STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STATE RESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NONRESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boating costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1 2 3



Spenders (thousands)



1,243,092 602,948 157,182 102,845 7,003 38,686 297,232 295,281 70,048 57,139 ... 58,467 109,543 344,863



1,009 824 730 677 86 550 513 290 256 249 ... 132 157 111



1,233 732 215 152 81 70 580 1,017 274 229 ... 442 697 3,097



1,128 652 172 112 8 42 318 1,027 250 204 ... 208 365 305



918,646 445,292 71,256 52,013 *6,519 24,512 290,994 143,762 24,878 16,594 ... *2,967 99,239 329,592



603 536 483 474 *66 367 409 161 147 147 ... *58 128 93



1,524 831 147 110 *98 67 712 892 170 113 ... *51 776 3,557



1,473 786 127 93 *12 44 511 898 156 104 ... *19 618 529



324,447 157,656 85,926 50,832 ... 14,174 6,239 151,519 45,170 40,545 ... 55,500 *10,304 *15,272



406 288 247 203 ... 183 104 129 109 102 ... 74 *29 *19



800 548 348 250 ... 77 60 1,174 414 398 ... 747 *350 *817



662 441 242 143 ... 40 15 1,196 372 334 ... 457 *32 *3



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil. Respondent could not specify whether item was for fishing or for hunting.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



31



Table 22. Summary of Expenditures by Colorado Residents in the United States for Fishing and Hunting: 2001

(State population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars)



Expenditure item FISHING AND HUNTING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment (fishing, hunting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FISHING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUNTING Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNSPECIFIED5 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1 2 3 4 5



Spenders (thousands)



1,292,497 135,223 96,189 55,515 158,570 64,521 696,778 6,671 11,540 67,490



657 596 587 463 475 225 99 136 99 536



1,967 227 164 120 334 287 7,012 49 116 126



1,903 199 142 82 233 95 1,026 10 17 99



772,537 103,979 75,788 51,051 77,037 22,522 380,624 2,911 *1,683 56,943



594 542 527 440 413 128 74 75 *45 458



1,300 192 144 116 187 176 5,165 39 *37 124



1,234 166 121 82 123 36 608 5 *3 91



185,277 31,245 20,401 4,464 78,418 15,396 ... *1,831 *5,686 13,116



168 155 158 69 123 71 ... *32 *32 153



1,102 201 129 64 636 217 ... *57 *178 85



1,102 186 121 27 466 92 ... *11 *34 78



334,137 *26,604 ... *1,929 *4,171



116 *71 ... *43 *26



2,878 *376 ... *45 *158



492 *39 ... *3 *6



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). Includes tents, special clothing, etc. Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19-20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.



32



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 23. Summary of Expenditures by Colorado Residents in State and Out of State for Fishing and Hunting: 2001

(State population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars)



Expenditure item IN COLORADO Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment (fishing and hunting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for fishing, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total4 . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OUT OF STATE Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment (fishing and hunting) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for fishing, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures for hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total4 . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1 2 3 4



Spenders (thousands)



959,600 198,822 144,391 60,270 515,163 40,954 464,155 154,299 70,249 21,736 *199,008 18,863 161,450 44,523 72,391 12,126 ... 17,688 331,515 *24,836 ... *5,564



618 566 448 218 89 525 551 503 389 123 *64 443 164 155 121 71 ... 147 103 *58 ... *47



1,554 351 323 277 5,774 78 843 307 181 176 *3,132 43 986 288 599 171 ... 121 3,208 *426 ... *118



1,553 322 234 98 834 66 829 275 125 39 *355 34 1,014 280 454 76 ... 111 537 *40 ... *9



332,489 88,106 13,771 ... ... 44,746 308,381 76,519 6,787 ... ... 42,674 *23,419 *11,587 ... ... ... *2,944 ... ... ... ...



233 183 90 ... ... 151 212 172 78 ... ... 137 *36 *27 ... ... ... *23 ... ... ... ...



1,427 481 154 ... ... 297 1,456 445 87 ... ... 312 *645 *430 ... ... ... *130 ... ... ... ...



1,596 423 66 ... ... 215 1,566 389 34 ... ... 217 *870 *430 ... ... ... *109 ... ... ... ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes tents, special hunting or fishing clothing, etc. Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. Includes magazines, books, membership dues, contributions, land leasing and ownership, stamps, tags, and licenses. Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



33



Table 24. U.S. Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in Colorado: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential (away from home). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential (around the home) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit public parks1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1



Number 1,552 838 805 542 *116 1,127 745 326 904 269 242



Percent 100 54 52 35 *7 73 48 21 58 17 16



Includes visits only to parks or publicly owned areas within 1 mile of home.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Nonresidential (Away From Home) Wildlife-Watching Activities in Colorado: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Activity in Colorado Participants, trips, and days of participation Total, state residents and nonresidents Number PARTICIPANTS Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIPS Total trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average days per trip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAYS Total days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographing wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeding wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average days per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographing wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feeding wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. 9,510 6,252 3,151 *814 11 8 6 *7 100 66 33 *9 (X) (X) (X) (X) 5,874 4,115 2,156 *730 12 9 7 *8 100 70 37 *12 (X) (X) (X) (X) 3,636 2,138 995 ... 10 6 4 ... 100 59 27 ... (X) (X) (X) (X) 4,045 2 100 (X) 3,152 2 100 (X) 893 4 100 (X) 838 805 542 *116 100 96 65 *14 477 447 295 *88 100 94 62 *18 362 357 247 ... 100 99 68 ... Percent State residents Number Percent Nonresidents Number Percent



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



(X) Not applicable.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



34



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 26. Nonresidential (Away From Home) Wildlife-Watching Participants Visiting Public Areas in Colorado and Type of Site Visited: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, state residents and nonresidents Number Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visited public areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Did not visit public areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, all sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oceanside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lakes and streamsides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marsh, wetland, swamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Woodland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brush-covered areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Open field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Man-made area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. 838 760 *79 838 ... 623 238 640 567 605 235 *74 Percent 100 91 *9 100 ... 74 28 76 68 72 28 *9 State residents Number 477 423 *54 477 ... 348 *155 340 307 340 *137 *48 Percent 100 89 *11 100 ... 73 *33 71 64 71 *29 *10 Nonresidents Number 362 337 ... 362 ... 276 *83 300 260 265 *98 ... Percent 100 93 ... 100 ... 76 *23 83 72 73 *27 ...



Participants and sites



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



Table 27. Nonresidential (Away From Home) Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Colorado: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, state residents and nonresidents Number Total all wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Songbirds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Birds of prey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waterfowl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shorebirds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total land mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Large land mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small land mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marine mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. 838 669 444 513 402 217 *130 690 623 550 185 ... 293 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 ... 100 State residents Number 477 385 235 301 279 *138 *56 400 348 320 *130 ... 175 Percent 57 58 53 59 69 *64 *43 58 56 58 *71 ... 60 Nonresidents Number 362 284 209 212 124 *79 *74 289 275 230 *54 ... 117 Percent 43 42 47 41 31 *36 *57 42 44 42 *29 ... 40



Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



35



Table 28. Participation in Residential (Around the Home) Wildlife-Watching Activities in Colorado: 2001

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Residential activity Number Total residential participants. . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit public parks1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participants Observing Wildlife Total, all wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Large mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Small mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amphibians or reptiles . . . . . . . . . . . . Insects or spiders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fish and other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . Total, 1 day or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1



Participants Residential activity Percent 100 11 to 50 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 51 to 200 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 201 days or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1 80 Participants Visiting Public Parks Total, 1 day or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *10 1 to 5 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 6 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 days or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 85 Participants Photographing Wildlife Total, 1 day or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 1 to 3 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 11 or more days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *15 40 *15 Participants Feeding Wildlife Total, all wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wild birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Number 206 210 152 269 *132 ... *100 326 *153 *110 *64 904 837 340 Percent 28 28 20 100 *49 ... *37 100 *47 *34 *20 100 93 38



1,127 745 269 326 904 *109 184 745 632 665 288 592 *114 298 *114 745 177



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Includes visits only to parks or publicly owned areas within 1 mile of home.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



Table 29. Colorado Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2001

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential (away from home) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential (around home) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wild birds or other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visit public parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of participants 100 44 93 61 27 74 20 22 Percent of population 38 17 35 23 10 28 8 8



Number 1,213 531 1,127 745 326 904 242 269



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching.



36



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 30. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Colorado: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total, state residents and nonresidents Number OBSERVERS Total bird observers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential (around the home) observers . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential (away from home) observers . . . . . . DAYS Total days observing birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential (around the home) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential (away from home). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 82,233 75,798 6,435 100 92 8 80,642 75,798 4,844 100 94 6 1,591 ... 1,591 100 ... 100 1,077 632 657 100 59 61 793 632 373 100 80 47 284 ... 284 100 ... 100 Percent State residents Number Percent Nonresidents Number Percent



Observers and days of observation



Table 31. Wild Bird Observers in Colorado Who Can Identify Wild Birds by Sight or Sound, and Who Keep Birding Life Lists: 2001

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Total bird observers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observers who can identify: 1-20 bird species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-40 bird species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 or more species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observers who keep birding life lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Number 1,077 788 *141 *94 *45 Percent 100 73 *13 *9 *4



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



37



Table 32. Selected Characteristics of Colorado Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Population Total Characteristic Percent who participated 38 36 49 38 35 *44 52 34 33 43 ... *25 33 46 41 *38 40 *12 41 39 ... ... ... *47 *35 *24 *33 46 *36 65 *23 *15 38 34 48 Percent who participated 17 15 *26 16 16 ... *28 *17 16 17 ... ... *16 *22 *13 *21 *12 ... 18 17 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 22 *20 *24 *10 ... *12 *19 22 Percent who participated 35 33 45 36 33 *44 48 31 29 41 ... *22 27 45 40 *31 39 ... 39 36 ... ... ... *44 *32 *22 *31 42 *36 61 *20 *15 37 31 44 Nonresidential (away from home) Residential (around the home)



Number Total persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,000 to 249,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 16 18 25 35 45 55 65 to 17 to 24 to 34 to 44 to 54 to 64 years years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,215 2,727 489 2,707 2,059 313 335 509 1,600 1,615 121 329 694 692 624 360 395 413 2,803 3,022 70 123 58 131 334 391 304 711 349 372 565 389 941 755 1,130



Percent 100 85 15 84 64 10 10 16 50 50 4 10 22 22 19 11 12 13 87 94 2 4 2 4 10 12 9 22 11 12 18 12 29 23 35



Number 1,213 975 238 1,040 730 *137 173 173 524 689 ... *82 227 318 256 *137 157 *51 1,162 1,181 ... ... ... *62 *117 *95 *99 325 *127 243 *129 *60 356 259 538



Percent 100 80 20 86 60 *11 14 14 43 57 ... *7 19 26 21 *11 13 *4 96 97 ... ... ... *5 *10 *8 *8 27 *10 20 *11 *5 29 21 44



Number 531 402 *129 446 333 ... *94 *85 249 281 ... ... *111 *153 *82 *77 *47 ... 511 523 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 157 *69 *88 *57 ... *109 *140 252



Percent 100 76 *24 84 63 ... *18 *16 47 53 ... ... *21 *29 *16 *15 *9 ... 96 98 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30 *13 *17 *11 ... *21 *26 48



Number 1,127 909 218 970 672 *137 161 157 471 656 ... *74 189 314 247 *113 154 ... 1,084 1,095 ... ... ... *58 *106 *85 *96 300 *127 226 *114 *60 344 231 492



Percent 100 81 19 86 60 *12 14 14 42 58 ... *7 17 28 22 *10 14 ... 96 97 ... ... ... *5 *9 *8 *8 27 *11 20 *10 *5 31 20 44



Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $75,000 to $99,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100,000 or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education 11 years or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 to 3 years college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 years college or more . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.).



38



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 33. Expenditures in Colorado by U.S. Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older) Spenders Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) 624,402 Average per participant (dollars) 402 Number (thousands) 1,470 Percent of wildlife-watching participants1 95 Average per spender (dollars) 425



Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching equipment, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, spotting scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Film and developing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cameras, special lenses, videocameras, and other photographic equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing . . . . . . . . . . . Bird food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food for other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. . . . . . . Other equipment (including field guides) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1



416,734 278,931 148,834 130,097 120,020 17,784



497 333 178 155 143 21



787 741 737 369 746 306



94 88 88 44 89 37



529 376 202 353 161 58



207,668 136,154 *6,076 23,224 *36,102 *18,421 36,050 *4,452 9,615 *2,214 *19,969 ... 8,739 9,639 ... 9,767



134 88 *4 15 *23 *12 23 *3 6 *1 *13 ... 6 6 ... 9



1,062 906 *114 396 *139 *130 571 *131 270 *101 *145 ... 245 187 ... 177



68 58 *7 26 *9 *8 37 *8 17 *7 *9 ... 16 12 ... 16



196 150 *53 59 *260 *142 63 *34 36 *22 *138 ... 36 52 ... 55



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



2 3 4



Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on nonresidential participants. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. Includes travel or tent trailers, off-the-road vehicles, pickups, campers or vans, motor homes, boats, and other special equipment.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



39



Table 34. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Colorado for Wildlife Watching by Residents and Nonresidents: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per participant (dollars)



Expenditure item STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STATE RESIDENTS Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NONRESIDENTS Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1 2



Spenders (thousands)



589,563 278,931 120,020 17,784 172,829



1,382 741 746 306 951



427 376 161 58 182



380 333 143 21 111



245,106 54,885 32,635 7,083 150,503



964 407 441 186 822



254 135 74 38 183



206 115 68 15 126



344,457 224,046 87,385 *10,701 *22,326



418 335 305 *120 *129



824 670 286 *89 *172



953 620 242 *30 *62



Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. Includes wildlife watching, auxiliary and special equipment.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.



40



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 35. Expenditures in the United States by Colorado Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older) Spenders Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) 388,848 Average per participant (dollars) 321 Number (thousands) 1,033 Percent of wildlife-watching participants1 85 Average per spender (dollars) 377



Total, all items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRIP EXPENDITURES Total trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching equipment, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binoculars, spotting scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Film and developing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cameras, special lenses, videocameras, and other photographic equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing . . . . . . . . . . . Bird food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food for other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths. . . . . . . Other equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magazines and books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership dues and contributions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.

1



183,470 71,757 44,390 27,367 91,266 20,447



385 150 93 57 191 43



488 454 450 161 472 223



102 95 94 34 99 47



376 158 99 170 193 92



205,378 122,537 *6,053 22,074 *34,581 *9,052 35,808 *4,392 8,807 *1,771 *15,949 ... 5,141 8,681 ... 9,767



169 101 *5 18 *29 *7 30 *4 7 *1 *13 ... 4 7 ... 9



896 797 *113 368 *136 *85 569 *129 237 *92 *124 ... 171 175 ... 177



74 66 *9 30 *11 *7 47 *11 19 *8 *10 ... 14 14 ... 16



229 154 *53 60 *255 *107 63 *34 37 *19 *129 ... 30 50 ... 55



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



2 3 4



Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on nonresidential participants. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. Includes travel or tent trailers, off-the-road vehicles, pickups, campers or vans, motor homes, boats, and other special equipment.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



41



Table 36. Summary of Expenditures by Colorado Residents in State and Out of State for Wildlife Watching: 2001

(State population 16 years old and older) Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per spender (dollars) Average per participant (dollars)



Expenditure item IN COLORADO Expenditures for wildlife watching, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OUT OF STATE Expenditures for wildlife watching, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trip-related expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size.



Spenders (thousands)



275,011 94,603 117,848 *15,949 ... 20,137



1,014 449 797 *124 ... 297



271 211 148 *129 ... 68



227 198 97 *13 ... 17



*113,685 *88,867 ... ... ... ...



*140 *105 ... ... ... ...



*809 *848 ... ... ... ...



*94 *167 ... ... ... ...



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: See Table 33 for detailed listing of expenditure items.



42



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 37. Participation of Colorado Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2001

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Wildlife-watching activity Participants Total, nonresidential and residential Number Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants who: Did not fish or hunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished or hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 1,213 839 374 352 85 Percent 100 69 31 29 7 Nonresidential (away from home) Number 531 309 222 213 *48 Percent 100 58 42 40 *9 Residential (around the home) Number 1,127 811 316 295 69 Percent 100 72 28 26 6



Table 38. Participation of Colorado Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2001

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons Sportspersons Number Total Sportspersons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons who: Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities . . . . . . Engaged in wildlife-watching activities . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential (away from home) . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential (around the home) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 679 305 374 222 316 Percent 100 45 55 33 46 Number 626 274 352 213 295 Percent 100 44 56 34 47 Number 168 83 85 *48 69 Percent 100 50 50 *28 41 Anglers Hunters



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



43



Table 39. Participants in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by Participant’s State of Residence: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total participants Participant’s state of residence Population United States, total. . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212,298 3,427 454 3,700 1,999 25,982 3,215 2,536 599 12,171 6,096 916 972 9,244 4,558 2,201 2,017 3,121 3,306 1,005 4,078 4,837 7,587 3,688 2,111 4,206 699 1,266 1,454 954 6,300 1,337 14,201 5,918 483 8,645 2,587 2,630 9,303 765 3,080 559 4,317 15,445 1,554 479 5,471 4,516 1,447 4,059 377 Number 82,302 1,323 320 1,296 1,034 6,873 1,518 999 220 3,857 1,932 195 507 3,154 2,179 1,206 942 1,547 1,330 607 1,546 1,726 2,950 2,388 851 2,010 438 623 439 506 1,993 595 3,987 2,330 228 3,407 1,308 1,545 4,169 280 1,375 326 2,109 4,515 736 319 2,535 2,537 694 2,489 223 Percent of population 39 39 70 35 52 26 47 39 37 32 32 21 52 34 48 55 47 50 40 60 38 36 39 65 40 48 63 49 30 53 32 45 28 39 47 39 51 59 45 37 45 58 49 29 47 67 46 56 48 61 59 Number 37,805 726 205 437 617 2,486 679 332 94 2,158 1,136 114 306 1,507 914 580 491 703 833 256 571 521 1,325 1,437 533 1,076 279 308 194 175 669 256 1,492 982 170 1,513 730 611 1,648 96 674 176 903 2,745 468 125 970 932 353 1,141 138 Percent of population 18 21 45 12 31 10 21 13 16 18 19 12 31 16 20 26 24 23 25 26 14 11 17 39 25 26 40 24 13 18 11 19 11 17 35 17 28 23 18 13 22 31 21 18 30 26 18 21 24 28 37 Number 66,105 965 241 1,107 774 5,491 1,213 885 170 2,856 1,326 126 388 2,498 1,786 977 735 1,264 844 520 1,311 1,493 2,424 1,993 579 1,612 362 498 334 450 1,694 471 3,522 1,884 135 2,768 1,042 1,286 3,522 242 1,079 251 1,706 3,088 572 287 2,168 2,234 517 2,159 172 Percent of population 31 28 53 30 39 21 38 35 28 23 22 14 40 27 39 44 36 40 26 52 32 31 32 54 27 38 52 39 23 47 27 35 25 32 28 32 40 49 38 32 35 45 40 20 37 60 40 49 36 53 46 Sportspersons Wildlife-watching participants



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in the statistical accuracy appendix.



44



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table 40. Participants in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Where Activity Took Place: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Total participants State where activity took place Number United States, total. . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,302 1,557 632 1,720 1,369 7,231 2,138 1,151 321 4,860 2,198 324 868 3,390 2,427 1,334 1,091 1,834 1,558 975 1,911 1,988 3,481 2,915 1,017 2,494 871 768 657 892 2,345 884 4,620 2,882 322 3,658 1,529 2,051 4,570 399 1,666 518 2,671 4,949 1,091 569 3,001 2,970 843 3,165 662 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Number 37,805 1,021 457 486 960 2,556 1,077 356 157 3,158 1,236 151 486 1,366 965 645 563 901 1,059 449 752 632 1,659 1,733 720 1,382 463 382 193 295 855 379 1,760 1,386 259 1,540 838 761 1,783 181 922 349 1,062 2,857 585 211 1,137 1,024 444 1,611 373 Percent 46 66 72 28 70 35 50 31 49 65 56 46 56 40 40 48 52 49 68 46 39 32 48 59 71 55 53 50 29 33 36 43 38 48 81 42 55 37 39 45 55 67 40 58 54 37 38 34 53 51 56 Number 66,105 1,016 420 1,465 841 5,720 1,552 967 232 3,240 1,494 220 643 2,627 1,866 1,022 807 1,362 935 778 1,524 1,686 2,666 2,155 631 1,826 687 565 543 766 1,895 671 3,885 2,168 190 2,897 1,131 1,680 3,794 298 1,186 358 2,084 3,240 806 496 2,460 2,496 605 2,442 498 Percent 80 65 67 85 61 79 73 84 72 67 68 68 74 77 77 77 74 74 60 80 80 85 77 74 62 73 79 74 83 86 81 76 84 75 59 79 74 82 83 75 71 69 78 65 74 87 82 84 72 77 75 Sportspersons Wildlife-watching participants



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in the statistical accuracy appendix.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



45



Table 41. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2001

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers State where fishing or hunting took place Total anglers, residents and nonresidents Number United States, total. . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,071 851 421 419 782 2,444 915 346 148 3,104 1,086 150 416 1,237 874 542 404 780 970 376 701 615 1,354 1,624 586 1,215 349 296 172 267 806 314 1,550 1,287 179 1,371 774 687 1,266 179 812 214 903 2,372 517 171 1,010 938 318 1,412 293 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Residents Number 31,218 610 183 351 539 2,288 560 271 71 2,057 947 109 251 1,157 784 471 357 590 757 212 457 425 1,002 1,293 450 942 212 241 119 147 531 197 1,243 831 119 1,225 648 513 1,032 86 571 140 709 2,151 388 96 761 808 250 941 117 Percent 92 72 43 84 69 94 61 78 47 66 87 73 60 94 90 87 88 76 78 56 65 69 74 80 77 78 61 81 69 55 66 63 80 65 67 89 84 75 82 48 70 65 79 91 75 56 75 86 79 67 40 Nonresidents Number 7,880 241 239 68 243 156 357 75 *78 1,047 139 *41 165 80 90 70 *47 190 213 165 243 191 352 331 136 272 138 55 *53 119 275 *116 307 456 *59 146 126 174 234 93 241 75 194 221 129 75 248 130 *67 471 176 Percent 23 28 57 16 31 6 39 22 *53 34 13 *27 40 6 10 13 *12 24 22 44 35 31 26 20 23 22 39 19 *31 45 34 *37 20 35 *33 11 16 25 18 52 30 35 21 9 25 44 25 14 *21 33 60 Total hunters, residents and nonresidents Number 13,034 423 93 148 431 274 281 45 16 226 417 17 197 310 290 243 291 323 333 164 145 66 754 597 357 489 229 173 47 78 135 130 714 295 139 490 261 248 1,000 *9 265 209 359 1,201 198 100 355 227 284 660 133 Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 *100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Hunters Residents Number 12,377 307 72 119 303 261 159 *35 13 191 355 17 150 246 269 195 189 269 295 123 115 64 705 568 245 405 170 124 42 52 108 105 635 272 87 452 241 234 858 *7 221 90 288 1,101 177 74 279 210 229 588 65 Percent 95 73 77 81 70 95 57 *77 81 84 85 100 76 79 93 80 65 83 89 75 80 97 94 95 69 83 74 72 90 67 80 80 89 92 63 92 92 94 86 *83 83 43 80 92 89 74 79 92 81 89 49 Nonresidents Number 2,027 116 *21 *28 128 *12 121 ... ... *35 *62 ... 47 *64 ... *48 103 *54 *38 41 *30 ... *48 *29 111 84 59 *49 ... *26 ... *26 79 *23 *52 *38 *20 *15 142 ... *44 119 71 100 *22 *26 *75 ... *55 *72 68 Percent 16 27 *23 *19 30 *5 43 ... ... *16 *15 ... 24 *21 ... *20 35 *17 *11 25 *20 ... *6 *5 31 17 26 *28 ... *33 ... *20 11 *8 *37 *8 *8 *6 14 ... *17 57 20 8 *11 *26 *21 ... *19 *11 51



* Estimate based on a small sample size.



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in the statistical accuracy appendix.



46



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Appendix A



Appendix A. Definitions



Annual household income—Total 2001 income of household members before taxes and other deductions. Auxiliary equipment—Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. These include for the sportspersons section—camping bags, packs, duffel bags and tents, binoculars, field glasses, telescopes, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots, waders, and processing and taxidermy costs; and for the wildlifewatching section—tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking equipment and other camping equipment. Big game—Antelope, bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals which are hunted. Birding life list—A tally of bird species seen during a birder’s lifetime.



Utah Wyoming New England Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Pacific Alaska California Hawaii Oregon Washington South Atlantic Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia West North Central Kansas Iowa Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Day—Any part of a day spent in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted 2 hours 1 day and 3 hours another day, it would be recorded as 2 days of hunting. If someone hunted 2 hours in the morning and 3 hours in the evening of the same



day, it would be considered 1 day of hunting. Education—The highest completed grade of school or year of college. Expenditures—Money spent in 2001 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States and wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States. Expenditures include both money spent by participants for themselves and the value of gifts they received. Federal land—Public land owned by the federal government such as National Forests and National Wildlife Refuges. Fishing—The sport of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook, line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellfish (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of fish, unless the fish are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is fishing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as fishing. Fishing equipment—Items owned primarily for fishing. These items are listed in Table 19. Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams. Great Lakes fishing—Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Marys River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes fishing includes fishing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon.



Census Divisions

East North Central Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin East South Central Alabama Kentucky Mississippi Tennessee Middle Atlantic New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Mountain Arizona Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico



Appendix A A-2



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Home—The starting point of a wildliferelated recreational trip. It may be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin. Hunting—The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with firearms or archery equipment. Hunting equipment—Items owned primarily for hunting. These items are listed in Table 20. Local land—Public land owned by local government such as county parks or municipal watersheds. Maintain natural areas—To set aside one-quarter acre or more of natural environment such as wood lots or open fields for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife. Maintain plantings—To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife. Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)— Except in the New England States, an MSA is a county or group of contiguous counties containing at least one city of 50,000 or more inhabitants or twin cities (i.e., cities with contiguous boundaries and constituting, for general social and economic purposes, a single community) with a combined population of at least 50,000. Also included in an MSA are contiguous counties that are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In the New England States, an MSA consists of towns and cities instead of counties. Each MSA must include at least one central city. Migratory birds—Birds that regularly migrate from one region or climate to another. The survey focuses on migratory birds which may be hunted, including bandtailed pigeons, coots, ducks, doves, gallinules, geese, rails, and woodcocks. Multiple responses—The term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one reporting category. An example of a big game hunter who hunted for deer and elk demonstrates the effect of multiple responses. In this case, adding the number of deer hunters (1) and elk hunters (1) would over state the number of big game hunters (1) because deer and elk hunters are not mutually exclusive U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



categories. In contrast, total participants is the sum of male and female participants, because male and female are mutually exclusive categories. Nonresidential activity (away from home)—Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquariums, and museums are not included. Nonresidents—Individuals who do not live in the state being reported. For example, a person living in Texas who watches whales in California is a nonresident participant in California. Nonresponse—Nonresponse is a term used to reflect the fact that some survey respondents provide incomplete sets of information. For example, a survey respondent may have been unable to identify the primary type of hunting for which a gun was bought. Hunting expenditures will reflect the gun purchase, but it will not appear as spending for big game or any other type of hunting. Nonresponses result in reported totals that are greater than the sum of their parts. Observe—To take special interest in or try to identify birds, fish, or other wildlife. Other animals—Coyotes, crows, foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs, raccoons, and similar animals that are often regarded as varmints or pests. Other animals may be classified as unprotected or nongame animals by the state in which they are hunted. Participants—Individuals who engaged in fishing, hunting, or a wildlifewatching activity. Primary purpose—The principal motivation for an activity, trip, or expenditure. Public areas—Public lands owned by local, state, or federal governments. Public land—Land that is owned by the local, state, or federal government. Private land—Land that is owned by a private individual, group of individuals, or nongovernmental organization.



Residential activity (around the home)—Activity within 1 mile of home with a primary purpose: (1) closely observing or trying to identify birds or other wildlife, (2) photographing wildlife, (3) feeding birds or other wildlife, (4) maintaining natural areas of at least one-quarter acre primarily for the benefit to wildlife, (5) maintaining plantings (shrubs, agricultural crops, etc.) primarily for the benefit of wildlife, or (6) visiting public parks within 1 mile of home to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife. Residents—Individuals who lived in the state being reported. For example, persons who live in California and watch whales in California are resident participants in California. Rural—Respondent lived in a rural nonfarm, or rural farm area, as determined by Census. Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays and sounds, and the tidal portions of rivers and streams. Screening interviews—The first survey contact with a household. Screening interviews with a household representative in each household to identify respondents who are eligible for indepth interviews. Screening interviews gather data about the individuals in the households, such as their age and sex. Screening interviews are discussed in the Survey Background and Method section of this report. Small game—Grouse, partridge, pheasants, quail, rabbits, squirrels, and similar small animals and birds for which many states have small game seasons and bag limits. Special equipment—Items of equipment that are owned primarily for wildliferelated recreation. These include for the sportsmen section bass boat and other types of motor boat; canoe and other types of nonmotor boat; boat motor, boat trailer/hitch, and other boat accessories; pickup, camper, van, travel or tent trailer, motor home, house trailer, RV, cabin; and trail bike, dune buggy, 4x4 vehicle, four-wheeler, and snowmobile. For the wildlife-watching section these include off-the-road vehicles such as snowmobiles, four-wheeler, 4x4 vehicle, trail bike, dune buggy, travel or tent trailer, motor home, pickup, camper, van, Appendix A A-3



house trailer, RV, boat and boat accessories, and cabin. Spenders—Individuals who reported an expenditure value for fishing, hunting, or wildlife-watching activities or equipment. Sportspersons—Individuals who engaged in fishing, hunting, or both. State land—Public land owned by a state such as state parks or state wildlife management areas. Trip—An outing involving fishing, hunting, or wildlife-watching activities. In the context of this survey, a trip may begin from an individual’s principal residence or from another place, such as a vacation home or the home of a



relative. A trip may last an hour, a day, or many days. Type of fishing—Three types of fishing are reported: fishing in (1) freshwater except Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Type of hunting—Four types of hunting are reported: hunting for (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Urban—Respondent lived in an urban area, as determined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Wildlife—Animals such as birds, fish, insects, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles that are living in natural or wild environments. Wildlife does not include



animals living in aquariums, zoos, and other artificial surroundings or domestic animals such as farm animals or pets. Wildlife-associated recreation— Recreational fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching. Wildlife-watching activity—An activity engaged in primarily for the purpose of feeding, photographing, or observing fish or other wildlife. In previous years, this was termed nonconsumptive activity. (See also residential and nonresidential activities.) Wildlife-watching equipment—Items owned primarily for observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. These items are listed in Table 33.



Appendix A A-4



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Appendix B



Appendix B. National and Regional 1991-2001 Comparisons

Appendix B provides national and regional trend information based on the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Surveys. Since all three surveys used similar methodologies, their published information is directly comparable. types of wildlife watching. The number of wildlife watchers decreased 17 percent from 1991 to 1996 and increased 5 percent from 1996 to 2001—with 76.1 million participants in 1991, 62.9 million in 1996, and 66.1 million in 2001. Residential wildlife watching, the preeminent type of wildlife watching, lead this trend with an 18 percent drop from 1991 to 1996 and a 4 percent increase from 1996 to 2001. Unlike residential wildlife watching, nonresidential wildlife watching dropped throughout the ‘90s and early ‘00s with a 21 percent drop from 1991 to 1996 and an 8 percent drop from 1996 to 2001. Days afield by participants tended upward, counter to the trend in participation, although the increase is not statistically significant. Total expenditures for wildlife watching increased 21 percent from 1991 to 1996 and 16 percent from 1996 to 2001, making an overall increase of 41 percent from 1991 to 2001. interviewed on behalf of the entire household. The 1991 screening interview consisted primarily of sociodemographic questions and wildlife-related recreation questions concerning activity in the year 1990 and intentions for the year 1991. The screening interviews for the 1996 and 2001 Surveys were conducted April through June of their survey years in conjunction with the first wave of the detailed interviews. The screening interviews consisted primarily of sociodemographic questions and wildlife-related recreation questions concerning activity in the previous year (1995 or 2000) and intentions for the survey year (1996 or 2001). 3. In the 1991 Survey, an attempt was made to contact every sample person in all three detailed interview waves. In 1996 and 2001, respondents who were interviewed in the first detailed interview wave were not contacted again until the third wave. Also, all interviews in the second wave were conducted by telephone. In-person interviews were only conducted in the first and third waves.



Fishing and Hunting

Comparing national hunting and fishing estimates for the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Surveys found participation declined over that 10-year time period. In 1991 and 1996, the number of people who hunted and fished remained essentially unchanged. In 2001, the overall number of people who hunted and fished declined from their 1991/1996 levels. In 1991, there were 35.6 million anglers and 14.1 million hunters. In 1996, there were 35.2 million anglers and 14.0 million hunters. In 2001, there were 34.1 million anglers—a 4 percent drop from its 1991 level, and 13.0 million hunters—a 7 percent drop from 1991. The amount of time people spent fishing and hunting fluctuated between 1991 and 2001. The number of days spent fishing rose 22 percent between 1991 and 1996 and then fell 11 percent between 1996 and 2001. Days of hunting followed a similar pattern. Between 1991 and 1996, hunting days increased 9 percent but then fell 11 percent between 1996 and 2001. The amount of money spent for fishing and hunting trips and equipment rose from 1991 to 1996 and fell from 1996 to 2001. Total fishing expenditures rose 37 percent from $31.2 billion in 1991 to $42.7 billion in 1996; and, then fell 17 percent to $35.6 billion in 2001. Likewise, hunting expenditures increased from $16.0 billion in 1991 to $23.3 billion in 1996—45 percent increase—and then fell 12 percent to $20.6 billion in 2001.



Differences in the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Surveys

The 1996 and 2001 Surveys underwent a number of changes in order to improve data collection, lower costs, and meet the data needs of its users. The most significant design differences in the three surveys are as follows: 1. The 1991 Survey data was collected by interviewers filling out paper questionnaires. The data entries were keyed in a separate operation after the interview. The 1996 and 2001 survey data were collected by the use of computer-assisted interviews. The questionnaires were programmed into computers, and interviewers keyed in the responses at the time of the interview. The 1991 Survey screening phase was conducted in January and February of 1991, when the sample households were contacted and a household respondent was



Important instrument differences in the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Surveys

1. The 1991 Survey collected information on all wildlife-related recreation purchases made by participants without reference to where the purchase was made. The 1996 and 2001 Surveys asked in which state the purchase was made. In 1991, respondents were asked what kind of fishing they did, i.e., Great Lakes, other freshwater, or saltwater, and then were asked in what states they fished. In 1996 and 2001, respondents were asked in which states they fished and then were asked the pertinent kind of fishing questions. This method had the advantage of not asking about,



2.



2.



Wildlife Watching

Comparing the results from the last three surveys finds different trends for various Appendix B B-2



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



for example, saltwater fishing when they only fished in a noncoastal state. In 1991, respondents were asked how many days they "actually" hunted or fished for a particular type of game or fish and then how many days they "chiefly" hunted or fished for the same type of game or fish rather than another type of game or fish. To get total days of hunting or fishing for a particular type of game or fish, the "actually" day response was used, while to get the sum of all days of hunting or fishing, the "chiefly" days were summed. In 1996 and 2001, respondents were asked their total days of hunting or fishing in the United States and each state, then how many days they hunted or fished for a particular type of game or fish. Trip-related and equipment expenditure categories were not the same for all Surveys. "Guide fee" and "Pack trip or package fee" were two separate trip-related expenditure items in 1991, while they were combined into one category in the 1996 and 2001 Surveys. "Boating costs" was added to the 1996 and 2001 hunting and wildlife-watching trip-related expenditure sections. "Heating and cooking fuel" was added to all of the trip-related expenditure sections. "Spearfishing equipment" was moved from a separate category to the "Other" list. "Rods" and "Reels" were two separate categories in 1991 but were combined in 1996 and 2001. "Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc." was one category in 1991 but split into "Lines" and "Hooks, sinkers, etc." in 1996 and 2001. "Food used to feed other wildlife" was added to the wildlife-watching equipment section, "Boats" and "Cabins" were added to the wildlife-watching special equipment section, and "Land leasing and ownership" was added to the wildlife-watching expenditures section. 5. Questions asking sportspersons if they participated as much as they wanted were added in 1996 and 2001. If the sportspersons said no, they were asked why not.



6.



The 1991 Survey included questions about participation in organized fishing competitions; anglers using bows and arrows, nets or seines, or spearfishing; hunters using pistols or handguns and target shooting in preparation for hunting. These questions were not asked in 1996 and 2001. The 1996 Survey included questions about catch and release fishing and persons with disabilities participating in wildlife-related recreation. These questions were not part of the 1991 Survey. The 2001 Survey included questions about persons with disabilities participating in wildlife-related recreation but not about catch and release fishing. The 1991 Survey included questions about average distance traveled to recreation sites. These questions were not included in the 1996 and 2001 Surveys. The 1996 Survey included questions about the last trip the respondent took. Included were questions about the type of trip, where the activity took place, and the distance and direction to the site visited. These questions were not asked in 2001.



2.



The 1991 and 1996 land leasing and ownership sections asked the respondent to combine the two types of land use into one and give total acreage and expenditures. In 2001, the two types of land use were explored separately. The 1991 and 1996 wildlife watching sections included questions on birdwatching for residential users only. The 2001 Survey added a question on birdwatching for nonresidential users. Also, questions on the use of birding life lists and how many species the respondent can identify were added in 2001. "Recreational vehicles" was added to the sportspersons and wildlife watchers special equipment section in 2001. "House trailer" was added to the sportspersons special equipment section. Total personal income was asked in the detailed phase of the 1996 Survey. This was changed to total household income in the 2001 Survey. A question was added to the triprelated expenditures section in the 2001 Survey to ascertain how much of the total was spent in the respondent’s state of residence when the respondent participated in hunting, fishing, or wildlife watching out-of-state. Boating questions were added to the 2001 Surveys fishing section. The respondent was asked about the extent of boat usage for the three types of fishing. The 1996 Survey included questions about the months residential wildlife watchers fed birds. These questions were not repeated in the 2001 Survey. The contingent valuation sections of the three types of wildlife-related recreation were altered, using an open-ended question format instead of 1996's dichotomous choice format.



3.



7.



4.



8.



5.



9.



6.



10. The 1991 Survey collected data on hunting, fishing, and wildlife watching by U.S. residents in Canada. The 1996 and 2001 Surveys collected data on fishing and wildlife-watching by U.S. residents in Canada.



7.



Important instrument changes in the 2001 Survey

1. The 1991 and 1996 single race category "Asian or Pacific Islander" was changed to two categories "Asian" and "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander." In 1991 and 1996, the respondent was required to pick only one category, while in 2001 the respondent could pick any combination of categories. The next question stipulated that the respondent could only be identified with one category and then asked what that category was. 8.



9.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



Appendix B B-3



Table B-1. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1991 to 2001

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) 1991-2001 (Percent change) –7 –3* 29 –4 9 14 –13 –15 –27 9* 41 1996-2001 (Percent change) –7 –11 –12* –3 –11 –17 5 4 –8 19 16



Participants, days, and expenditures Hunting Hunters, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting days, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunting expenditures, total (2001 dollars) 1 . . . . . . . . . Fishing Anglers, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fishing expenditures, total (2001 dollars) 1 . . . . . . . . . Wildlife Watching Total wildlife watching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Days, nonresidential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching expenditures, total (2001 dollars) 1.



1991 (Number) 14,063 235,806 $16,031,197 35,578 511,329 $31,175,168 76,111 73,904 29,999 342,406 $24,002,990



2001 (Number) 13,034 228,368 $20,611,025 34,067 557,394 $35,632,132 66,105 62,928 21,823 372,006 $33,730,868



1996 (Number) 13,975 256,676 $23,293,156 35,246 625,893 $42,710,679 62,868 60,751 23,652 313,790 $29,062,524



2001 (Number) 13,034 228,368 $20,611,025 34,067 557,394 $35,632,132 66,105 62,928 21,823 372,006 $33,730,868



* Not different from zero at the 5 percent confidence level.

1



All 2001 and 1996 expenditure categories are adjusted to make them comparable to 1991.



Appendix B B-4



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table B-2. Anglers and Hunters by Census Division: 1991, 1996, and 2001

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) 1991 Sportspersons Number UNITED STATES Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New England Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,667 2,984 2,635 1,279 100 26 23 11 12,459 2,907 2,514 1,301 100 23 20 10 12,976 2,865 2,543 1,164 100 22 20 9 13,504 4,143 3,647 1,709 100 31 27 13 13,875 3,977 3,416 1,917 100 29 25 14 14,430 4,239 3,836 1,710 100 29 27 12 32,188 7,202 6,264 2,789 100 22 19 9 33,121 6,912 6,006 2,712 100 21 18 8 34,082 6,400 5,655 2,421 100 19 17 7 29,216 4,508 3,871 1,746 100 15 13 6 29,371 4,192 3,627 1,453 100 14 12 5 29,806 3,810 3,250 1,633 100 13 11 5 10,180 1,658 1,545 444 100 16 15 4 10,306 1,673 1,520 465 100 16 15 5 10,575 1,504 1,402 386 100 14 13 4 189,964 39,979 35,578 14,063 100 21 19 7 201,472 39,694 35,246 13,975 100 20 17 7 212,298 37,805 34,067 13,034 100 18 16 6 Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1996 2001



33,682 6,996 6,441 2,083



100 21 19 6



36,776 7,282 6,636 2,050



100 20 18 6



39,286 6,957 6,451 1,875



100 18 16 5



19,926 5,125 4,592 1,843



100 26 23 9



21,811 5,093 4,616 1,812



100 23 21 8



23,337 4,924 4,375 1,988



100 21 19 9



10,092 2,488 2,079 1,069



100 25 21 11



11,966 2,761 2,411 1,061



100 23 20 9



13,308 2,757 2,443 1,020



100 21 18 8



29,508 4,875 4,505 1,101



100 17 15 4



31,787 4,897 4,501 1,203



100 15 14 4



34,498 4,349 4,111 837



100 13 12 2



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



Appendix B B-5



Table B-3. Wildlife-Watching (Nonconsumptive) Participants by Census Division: 1991, 1996, and 2001

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) 1991 Wildlife watching Number UNITED STATES Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants. . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New England Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants. . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants. . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants. . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants. . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Atlantic Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants. . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants. . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West South Central Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants. . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mountain Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants. . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pacific Total population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wildlife-watching participants. . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,926 7,035 2,459 6,817 100 35 12 34 21,811 5,933 2,096 5,773 100 27 10 26 23,337 5,747 1,822 5,490 100 25 8 24 13,504 6,924 2,654 6,722 100 51 20 50 13,875 5,089 1,927 4,900 100 37 14 35 14,430 6,206 2,059 5,938 100 43 14 41 32,188 14,511 5,572 14,175 100 45 17 44 33,121 11,731 4,501 11,297 100 35 14 34 34,082 11,631 3,571 11,196 100 34 10 33 29,216 10,556 4,166 10,282 100 36 14 35 29,371 8,185 2,960 8,023 100 28 10 27 29,806 8,740 2,849 8,452 100 29 10 28 10,180 4,598 1,856 4,544 100 45 18 45 10,306 3,710 1,443 3,586 100 36 14 35 10,575 3,875 1,155 3,765 100 37 11 36 189,964 76,111 29,999 73,904 100 40 16 39 201,472 62,868 23,652 60,751 100 31 12 30 212,298 66,105 21,823 62,928 100 31 10 30 Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1996 2001



33,682 13,047 4,450 12,813



100 39 13 38



36,776 11,252 3,992 10,964



100 31 11 30



39,286 11,395 3,469 10,911



100 29 9 28



11,667 4,864 1,592 4,765



100 42 14 41



12,459 3,904 1,118 3,795



100 31 9 30



12,976 4,514 1,086 4,390



100 35 8 34



10,092 4,437 2,215 4,145



100 44 22 41



11,966 4,099 1,967 3,855



100 34 16 32



13,308 4,619 2,019 4,282



100 35 15 32



29,508 10,139 5,035 9,641



100 34 17 33



31,787 8,966 3,648 8,558



100 28 11 27



34,498 9,377 3,793 8,504



100 27 11 25



Appendix B B-6



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Appendix C



Appendix C. Participants 6 to 15 Years Old



The 2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation was carried out in two phases. The first (or screening) phase began in April 2001. The main purpose of this phase was to collect information about persons 16 years old and older in order to develop a sample of potential sportsmen and wildlife-watching participants for the second (or detailed) phase. Information was also collected on the number of persons 6 to 15 years old who participated in wildlife-related recreation activities in 2000. These data are reported here in order to include the recreation activity of 6- to 15-year-olds in this report. It is important to emphasize that the information reported here from the 2001 screening questionnaires relates to activity only up to and including 2000.



Also, these data were based on long-term recall (at least 12-month recall was required for most of these tables) and were reported, in most cases, by one household respondent speaking for all household members rather than the shorter term recall of the actual participant, as in the case of the 2001 detailed phase. Tables C-1 to C-3 report data on participants 6 to 15 years old in 2000. Detailed expenditures and recreational activity data were not gathered for the 6to 15-year-old participants. Because of the difference in methodologies of the screening phase and the detailed phase of the 2001 Survey, the data are not comparable. Only participants 16 years old and older were eligible for the detailed phase. The



detailed phase was a series of three interviews conducted at 4-month intervals. The screening interviews were 1-year recall. The shorter recall period of the detailed phase had better data accuracy. It has been found in survey studies that in many cases longer recall periods result in over-estimating participation in and expenditures on wildlife-related recreation activities.



Appendix C C-2



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table C-1. Colorado Residents 6 to 15 Years Old Participating in Fishing and Hunting: 2000

(State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons 6 to 15 years old Sportspersons Number Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. 234 234 211 *23 *23 ... *23 Percent of sportspersons 100 100 90 *10 *10 ... *10 Percent of population 38 38 34 *4 *4 ... *4



Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Column showing percent of sportspersons is based on the ‘‘Total sportspersons’’ row. Column showing percent of population is based on the state population 6 to 15 years old, including those who did not fish or hunt. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes state residents who fished or hunted only in other countries.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



Appendix C C-3



Table C-2. Selected Characteristics of Colorado Resident Anglers and Hunters 6 to 15 Years Old: 2000

(State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Population Characteristic Number Total persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Density of Residence Urban . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Population Size of Residence Metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000,000 or more . . . . . . . . 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . . 50,000 to 249,999 . . . . . . . . Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sex Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age 6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 to 15 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ethnicity Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Race White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Annual Household Income Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . $75,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . Not reported. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 Percent 100 Number 234 Sportspersons (fished or hunted) Percent who participated 38 Percent of sportspersons 100 Anglers Percent who participated 38 Hunters Percent who participated *4



Number 234



Percent of anglers 100



Number *23



Percent of hunters *100



507 116



81 19



182 *52



36 *45



78 *22



182 *52



36 *45



78 *22



... ...



... ...



... ...



507 371 72 63 116 351 273 198 187 238 97 526 570 *31 *22 ... ... 75 83 70 132 170 62



81 60 12 10 19 56 44 32 30 38 16 84 92 *5 *3 ... ... 12 13 11 21 27 10



167 117 *20 *30 68 161 73 *46 76 112 *28 206 230 ... ... ... ... *23 *35 *38 *58 *59 ...



33 32 *27 *47 58 46 27 *23 41 47 *29 39 40 ... ... ... ... *31 *42 *54 *44 *35 ...



71 50 *8 *13 29 69 31 *20 32 48 *12 88 98 ... ... ... ... *10 *15 *16 *25 *25 ...



167 117 *20 *30 68 161 73 *46 76 112 *28 206 230 ... ... ... ... *23 *35 *38 *58 *59 ...



33 32 *27 *47 58 46 27 *23 41 47 *29 39 40 ... ... ... ... *31 *42 *54 *44 *35 ...



71 50 *8 *13 29 69 31 *20 32 48 *12 88 98 ... ... ... ... *10 *15 *16 *25 *25 ...



... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *23 ... *21 *23 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...



... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *10 ... *4 *4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...



... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *100 ... *91 *100 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...



* Estimate based on a small sample size.



... Sample size too small to report data reliably.



Note: Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.). Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes state residents who fished or hunted only in other countries.



Appendix C C-4



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table C-3. Colorado Residents 6 to 15 Years Old Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2000

(State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Participants Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feed wild birds or other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * Estimate based on a small sample size. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of population is based on the state population 6 to 15 years old, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Percent of participants 100 49 81 65 *11 50 *9 Percent of population 46 23 38 30 *5 23 *4



Number 289 143 236 189 *31 144 *26



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



Appendix C C-5



Appendix D



Appendix D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy



This Appendix is presented in two parts. The first part is the U.S. Census Bureau Source and Accuracy Statement. This statement describes the sampling design for the 2001 Survey and highlights the steps taken to produce estimates from the completed questionnaires. The statement explains the use of standard errors and confidence intervals. It also provides comprehensive information about errors characteristic of surveys, and formulas and parameters to calculate an approximate standard error or confidence interval for each number published in this report. The second part reports approximate standard errors (S.E.s) for selected measures of participation and expenditures for wildlife-related recreation. Tables D-1 to D-3 show common estimates by state with their estimated standard errors. Tables D-4 to D-9 provide parameters for computing standard errors. Source and Accuracy Statement for the Colorado State Report of the 2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation



identify likely sportspersons and wildlifewatching participants, and a series of follow-up interviews of selected persons to collect detailed data about their wildlife-related recreation during 2001. The 2001 FHWAR state samples were selected from expired samples of the Current Population Survey (CPS).



Sample Design

A. CPS - Current Population Survey The expired CPS samples used for the 2001 FHWAR had been selected initially from 1990 decennial census files with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The samples, while active, had been continually updated to reflect new construction. The sample addresses were located in 754 geographic areas consisting of a county or several contiguous counties. B. The FHWAR Screening Sample The screening sample consisted of households identified from the above sources. In Colorado, 1,403 household interviews were assigned to be interviewed. Of these, 5.7 percent were found to be vacant or otherwise not enumerated. Of the remaining households, about 29.5 percent could not be enumerated because the occupants were not found at home after repeated calls or were unavailable for some other reason. Overall, 911 completed household interviews were obtained for a state response rate of 70.5 percent. The field representatives asked screening questions for all household members 6 years old and older. Interviewing for the screen was conducted during April, May, and June of 2001.



Data for the FHWAR sportspersons sample and wildlife-watchers sample were collected in three waves. The first wave started in April 2001, the second in September 2001, and the third in January 2002. In the sportspersons sample, all persons who hunted or fished in 2001 by the time of the screening interview were interviewed in the first wave. The remaining sportspersons sample were interviewed in the second wave. All sample persons (from both the first and second waves) were interviewed in the third wave. The reference period was the preceding 4 months for waves 1 and 2. In wave 3, the reference period was either 4 or 8 months depending on when the sample person was first interviewed. C. The Detailed Samples Two independent detailed samples were chosen from the FHWAR screening sample. One consisted of sportspersons (people who hunt or fish) and the other of wildlife watchers (people who observe, photograph, or feed wildlife). 1. Sportspersons The Census Bureau selected the state detailed samples based on information reported during the screening phase. Every person 16 years old and older in the FHWAR screening sample was assigned to a sportspersons stratum based on time devoted to hunting/fishing in the past and time expected to be devoted to hunting/fishing in the future.



Source of Data

The estimates in this report are based on data collected in the 2001 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and WildlifeAssociated Recreation (FHWAR). The 2001 FHWAR Survey was designed to provide state-level estimates of the number of participants in recreational hunting and fishing, and in wildlifewatching activities (e.g., wildlife observation). Information was collected on the number of participants, where and how often they participated, the type of wildlife encountered, and the amounts of money spent on wildlife-related recreation. The survey was conducted in two stages: an initial screening of households to



Appendix D D-2



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



The four sportspersons categories were: Active - a person who had already participated in hunting/fishing in 2001 at the time of the screener interview. Likely - a person who had not participated in 2001 at the time of the screener but had participated in 2000 OR said they were likely to participate in 2001. Inactive - a person who had not participated in 2000 or 2001 AND said they were somewhat unlikely to participate in 2001. Nonparticipant - a person who had not participated in 2000 or 2001 AND said they were very unlikely to participate in 2001. Persons were selected for the detailed phase based on these groupings. Active sportspersons were given the detailed interview twice—at the same time of the screening interview (April-June 2001) and again in January/February 2002. Likely sportspersons and a subsample of the inactive sportspersons were also interviewed twice—first in September/October 2001, then in January/February 2002. If Census field representatives were not able to obtain the first interview, they attempted to interview the person in the final interviewing period with the reference period being the entire year. Persons in the nonparticipant group were not eligible for a detailed interview. About 579 persons were designated for interviews in Colorado. Overall, 506 detailed sportspersons interviews were completed for a response rate of 87.4 percent. 2. Wildlife Watchers The wildlife-watching state detailed sample also was selected based on information reported during the screening phase. Every person 16 years of age and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



older was assigned to a category based on time devoted to wildlife-watching activities in previous years, participation in 2001 by the time of the screening interview, and intentions to participate in activities during the remainder of 2001. Each person was placed into one of the following five groups based on their past participation: Active - a person who had already participated in 2001 at the time of the screening interview. Avid - a person who had not yet participated in 2001 but in 2000 had taken trips to participate in wildlife-watching activities for 21 or more days or had spent $300 or more. Average - a person who had not yet participated in 2001 but in 2000 had taken trips to wildlifewatch for less than 21 days and had spent less than $300 OR had not participated in wildlifewatching activities but said they were very likely to in the remainder of 2001. Infrequent - a person who had not participated in 2000 or 2001 but said they were somewhat likely or somewhat unlikely to participate in the remainder of 2001. Nonparticipant - a person who had not participated in 2000 or 2001 and said they were very unlikely to participate during the remainder of 2001. Persons were selected for the detailed phase based on these groupings. Persons in the nonparticipant group were not eligible for a detailed interview. A subsample of each of the other groups was selected to receive a detailed interview with the chance of being selected diminishing as the likelihood of participation diminished. Wildlife-watching participants were given the detailed interview twice. Some received their first detailed interview at the same



time as the screening interview (April-June 2001). The rest received their first detailed interview in September/October 2001. All wildlife-watching participants received their second interview in January/February 2002. If Census field representatives were not able to obtain the first interview, they attempted to interview the person in the final interviewing period with the reference period being the entire year. About 327 persons were designated for interviews in Colorado. Overall, 300 detailed wildlife-watching participant interviews were completed for a response rate of 91.7 percent.



Estimation Procedure

Several stages of adjustments were used to derive the final 2001 FHWAR person weights. A brief description of the major components of the weights is given below. All statistics for the population 6 to 15 years of age were derived from the screening interview. Statistics for the population 16 and over came from both the screening and detailed interviews. Estimates which came from the screening sample are presented in Appendix C. A. Screening Sample Every interviewed person in the screening sample received a weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Base Weight. The base weight is the inverse of the household’s probability of selection. 2. Household Noninterview Adjustment. The noninterview adjustment inflated the weight assigned to interviewed households to account for households eligible for interview but for which no interview was obtained. 3. First-Stage Adjustment. The 754 areas designated for our samples were selected from over 2,000 such areas of the United States. Appendix D D-3



Some sample areas represent only themselves and are referred to as self-representing. The remaining areas represent other areas similar in selected characteristics and are thus designated nonselfrepresenting. The first-stage factor reduces the component of variation arising from sampling the nonself-representing areas. 4. Second-Stage Adjustment. This adjustment brings the estimates of the total population in each state into agreement with censusbased estimates of the civilian noninstitutional and nonbarrack military populations for each state. B. Sportspersons Sample Every interviewed person in the sportspersons detailed sample received a weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Screening Weight. This is the individual’s final weight from the screening sample. 2. Sportspersons Stratum Adjustment. This factor inflated the weights of persons selected for the detailed sample to account for the subsampling done within each sportsperson’s stratum. 3. Sportspersons Noninterview Adjustment. This factor adjusts the weights of the interviewed sportspersons to account for sportspersons selected for the detailed sample for whom no interview was obtained. A person was considered a noninterview if he/she were not interviewed in the third wave of interviewing. 4. Sportspersons Ratio Adjustment Factor. This is a ratio adjustment of the detailed sample to the screening sample within sportspersons sampling stratum. This adjustment brings the population estimates of persons age 16 years old or older from the detailed sample into agreement with the same estimates from the screening sample, which was a much larger sample.



C. Wildlife-Watchers Sample Every interviewed person in the wildlife-watchers detailed sample received a weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Screening Weight. This is the individual’s final weight from the screening sample. 2. Wildlife-Watchers Stratum Adjustment. This factor inflated the weights of persons selected for the detailed sample to account for the subsampling done within each wildlife-watcher stratum. 3. Wildlife-Watchers Noninterview Adjustment. This factor adjusts the weights of the interviewed wildlife-watching participants to account for wildlife watchers selected for the detailed sample for which no interview was obtained. A person was considered a noninterview if he/she were not interviewed in the third wave of interviewing. 4. Wildlife-Watchers Ratio Adjustment Factor. This is a ratio adjustment of the detailed sample to the screening sample within wildlife-watchers sampling strata. This adjustment brings the population estimates of persons age 16 years old or older from the detailed sample into agreement with the same estimates from the screening sample, which was a much larger sample.



nonsampling errors in responses and enumeration, but do not measure systematic biases in the data. (Bias is the average over all possible samples of the differences between the sample estimate and the actual value.)



Nonsampling Variability

Let us suppose that a comparable complete enumeration was conducted. That is, an interview is attempted for every person 16 years old and older in the United States. Chances are we will not correctly estimate every parameter under consideration (for example, the proportion of people who fished). In this instance, the difference is due solely to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors also occur in sample surveys and can be attributed to several sources including the following: • • • • The inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample. Definitional difficulties. Differences in the interpretation of questions. Respondents’ inability or unwillingness to provide correct information. Respondents’ inability to recall information. Errors made in data collection such as in recording or coding the data. Errors made in the processing of data. Errors made in estimating values for missing data. Failure to represent all units with the sample (undercoverage).



• • • • •



Accuracy of the Estimates

Since the 2001 estimates came from a sample, they may differ from figures from a complete census using the same questionnaires, instructions, and enumerators. A sample survey estimate has two possible types of error— sampling and nonsampling. The accuracy of an estimate depends on both types of error, but the full extent of the nonsampling error is unknown. Consequently, one should be particularly careful when interpreting results based on a relatively small number of cases or on small differences between estimates. The standard errors for the 2001 FHWAR estimates primarily indicate the magnitude of sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some



Overall CPS undercoverage is estimated to be about 8 percent. Generally, undercoverage is larger for males than for females and larger for Blacks and other races combined than for Whites. Ratio estimation to independent population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the bias due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Appendix D D-4



characteristics from those of interviewed persons in the same age group. Comparability of Data. Data obtained from the 2001 FHWAR and other sources are not entirely comparable. This results from differences in field interviewer training and experience and in differing survey processes. This is an



example of nonsampling variability not reflected in the standard errors. Use caution when comparing results from different sources (See Appendix B). Note When Using Small Estimates. Because of the large standard errors involved, summary measures (such as medians and percentage distributions)



would probably not reveal useful information when computed on a base smaller than 100,000. Take care in the interpretation of small differences. For instance, even a small amount of nonsampling error can cause a borderline difference to appear significant or not, thus distorting a seemingly valid hypothesis test.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



Appendix D D-5



Sampling Variability

The particular sample used for the 2001 FHWAR Survey is one of a large number of all possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the same sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from each other. This sample-to-sample variability is referred to as sampling variability and is generally measured by the standard error. The exact sampling error is unknown. However, guides to the potential size of the sampling error are provided by the standard error of the estimate. Since the standard error of a survey estimate attempts to provide a measure of the variation among the estimates from the possible samples, it is a measure of the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all possible samples. Standard errors, as calculated by methods described next in “Standard Errors and Their Use,” are primarily measures of sampling variability, although they may include some nonsampling error. The sample estimate and its standard error enable one to construct a confidence interval, a range that would include the average result of all possible samples with a known probability. For example, if all possible samples were surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and if an estimate and its standard error were calculated from each sample, then approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate would include the average result of all possible samples. A particular confidence interval may or may not contain the average estimate derived from all possible samples. However, one can say with specified confidence that the interval includes the average estimate calculated from all possible samples. Standard errors may also be used to perform hypothesis testing—a procedure for distinguishing between population parameters using sample estimates. One common type of hypothesis is that the population parameters are different. An example would be comparing the proportion of anglers to the proportion of hunters. Tests may be performed at various levels of significance where a significance level is the probability of concluding that the characteristics are different when, in fact, they are the same. To conclude that two characteristics are different at the 0.10 level of significance, the absolute value of the estimated difference between characteristics must be greater than or equal to 1.645 times the standard error of the difference. This report uses 90-percent confidence intervals and 0.10 levels of significance to determine statistical validity. Consult standard statistical textbooks for alternative criteria. Standard Errors and Their Use. A number of approximations are required to derive, at a moderate cost, standard errors applicable to all the estimates in this report. Instead of providing an individual standard error for each estimate, parameters are provided to calculate standard errors for each type of characteristic. These parameters are listed in tables D-4 to D-9. Methods for using the parameters to calculate standard errors of various estimates are given in the next sections. Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers. The approximate standard error, sx, of an estimated number shown in this report can be obtained using the following formulas. Formula (1) is used to calculate the standard errors of levels of sportspersons, anglers, and wildlife watchers. (1)



Here, x is the size of the estimate and a and b are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic. Formula (2) is used for standard errors of aggregates, i.e., trips, days, and expenditures. (2)



Here, x is again the size of the estimate; y is the base of the estimate; and a, b, and c are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic.



Appendix D D-6



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Number Suppose that a table shows that 37,805,000 persons 16+ either fished or hunted in the United States in 2001. Using formula (1) with the parameters a= -0.000020 and b= 4,289 from table D-5, the approximate standard error of the estimates number of 37,805,000 sportspersons 16+ is



The 90-percent confidence interval for the estimated number of sportspersons 16+ is from 37,203,800 to 38,406,200, i.e., 37,805,000 ± 1.645 x 365,500. Therefore, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all possible samples. Suppose that another table shows that 13,034,300 hunters 16+ engaged in 228,367,800 days of participation in 2001 in the United States. Using formula (2) with the parameters a = 0.000168, b = -11,904, and c = 12,496 from table D-7, the approximate standard error on 228,367,800 estimated days on an estimated base of 13,034,300 hunters is



The 90-percent confidence interval on the estimate of 228,367,800 days is from 216,053,200 to 240,682,400, i.e., 228,367,800 ± 1.645 x 7,486,100. Again, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all possible samples. Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages. The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends on the size of the percentage and its base. Estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerators of the percentages, particularly if the percentages are 50 percent or more. When the numerator and the denominator of the percentage are in different categories, use the parameter in the tables indicated by the numerator. The approximate standard error, sx,p, can be obtained by use of the formula



(3) Here, x is the total number of sportspersons, hunters, etc., which is the base of the percentage; p is the percentage (0 < p < 100); and b is the parameter in the tables associated with the characteristic in the numerator of the percentage. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Percentage Suppose that a table shows that of the 13,034,300 hunters 16+ in the United States, 22.7 percent hunted migratory birds. From table D-5, the appropriate b parameter is 3,793. Using formula (3), the approximate standard error on the estimate of 22.7 percent is



Consequently, the 90-percent confidence interval for the estimate percentage of migratory bird hunters 16+ is from 21.5 percent to 23.9 percent, i.e. 22.7 ± 1.645 x 0.71.



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



Appendix D D-7



Standard Error of a Difference. The standard error of the difference between two sample estimates is approximately equal to



(4) where sx and sy are the standard errors of the estimates x and y. The estimates can be numbers, percentages, ratios, etc. This will represent the actual standard error quite accurately for the difference between estimates of the same characteristic in two different areas, or for the difference between separate and uncorrelated characteristics in the same area. However, if there is a high positive (negative) correlation between the two characteristics, the formula will overestimate (underestimate) the true standard error. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of a Difference Suppose that a table shows that of the 13,034,300 hunters in the United States, 9,985,100 were licensed hunters, and 1,689,300 were exempt from a hunting license. The corresponding percentages are 76.6 percent and 13.0 percent, respectively. The apparent difference between the percent of licensed hunters and hunters who are exempt from a license is 63.6 percent. Using formula (3) and the appropriate b parameter from Table D-5, the approximate standard errors of 76.6 percent and 13.0 percent are 0.83 and 1.59, respectively. Using formula (4), the approximate standard error of the estimated difference of 63.6 percent is



The 90-percent confidence interval on the difference between licensed hunters and those who were exempt from a hunting license is from 62.1 to 65.1 percent, i.e., 63.6 ± 1.645 x 0.92. Since the interval does not contain zero, we can conclude with 90 percent confidence that the percentage of licensed hunters is greater than the percentage of hunters who are exempt from a hunting license. Standard Errors of Estimated Averages. Certain mean values for sportspersons, anglers, etc., shown in the report were calculated as the ratio of two numbers. For example, average days per angler is calculated as:



Standard errors for these averages may be approximated by the use of formula (5) below.



(5) In formula (5), r represents the correlation coefficient between the numerator and the denominator of the estimate. In the above formula, use 0.7 as an estimate of r. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Average Suppose that a table shows that the average days per angler 16 years old or older for all fishing was 16.4 days. Using formulas (1) and (2) above, we compute the standard error on total days, 557,393,900, and total anglers, 34,071,100, to be 8,726,000 and 350,600, respectively. The approximate standard error on the estimated average of 16.4 days is



therefore, the 90-percent confidence interval on the estimated average of 16.4 days is from 16.1 to 16.7, i.e., 16.4 ± 1.645 x 0.18.



Appendix D D-8



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table D-1. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Anglers, Days of Fishing by State Residents, and Expenditures for Fishing by State Residents

(Numbers in thousands) Participation State Estimate Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634 185 394 546 2,389 626 324 89 2,109 1,043 113 261 1,415 833 524 431 630 763 216 531 500 1,039 1,345 475 982 221 265 180 164 639 215 1,340 894 142 1,390 685 551 1,270 95 604 146 803 2,381 424 104 888 873 273 981 121 Standard error 28 8 23 31 124 31 17 5 91 52 7 15 73 41 28 21 36 44 13 31 23 66 59 28 46 11 13 12 8 30 13 79 45 6 65 35 27 80 5 28 8 40 137 17 7 47 37 16 56 6 Estimate 10,841 2,445 4,327 11,776 27,878 7,639 5,496 1,341 43,439 15,559 2,662 3,097 21,603 15,537 8,534 6,426 12,135 12,130 3,449 7,112 8,387 18,869 29,344 9,325 12,396 3,656 3,378 2,230 2,974 10,973 2,407 23,167 14,615 2,584 22,014 13,228 8,720 21,417 1,638 10,321 2,414 15,451 34,148 5,346 1,969 14,774 13,520 4,346 19,360 1,901 Standard error 452 262 510 1,296 3,138 638 631 213 4,318 1,799 554 330 1,814 1,865 672 907 1,041 1,412 397 1,027 789 3,090 3,270 1,652 859 468 281 387 305 1,632 358 2,932 1,280 217 1,944 1,554 1,081 2,271 179 946 289 1,519 5,143 344 212 1,198 1,142 349 2,175 220 Estimate $600,364 $213,781 $326,068 $386,164 $2,162,620 $772,537 $327,787 $92,474 $3,426,795 $612,414 $97,707 $230,006 $1,147,325 $469,379 $319,087 $331,195 $551,378 $648,285 $158,533 $495,458 $460,207 $960,469 $1,251,828 $317,408 $757,928 $202,751 $179,878 $235,599 $186,436 $712,797 $196,661 $921,777 $924,937 $182,746 $905,650 $493,616 $590,738 $762,242 $117,842 $496,974 $101,893 $468,841 $2,129,921 $400,214 $72,326 $688,844 $966,874 $146,288 $844,539 $135,280 Standard error $83,099 $18,009 $59,815 $50,245 $362,896 $105,782 $33,697 $20,799 $420,930 $87,929 $18,656 $25,225 $186,223 $80,663 $37,612 $46,971 $64,270 $61,451 $25,580 $63,380 $71,626 $172,980 $159,542 $47,936 $93,775 $25,563 $27,770 $39,457 $29,039 $90,138 $30,674 $169,508 $105,704 $19,235 $97,445 $62,689 $64,749 $69,554 $15,812 $58,949 $15,767 $92,443 $258,534 $36,948 $10,954 $103,105 $89,559 $19,717 $115,997 $20,747 Days Expenditures in dollars



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



Appendix D D-9



Table D-2. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Hunters, Days of Hunting by State Residents, and Expenditures for Hunting by State Residents

(Numbers in thousands) Participation State Estimate Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 74 124 306 278 168 45 16 270 377 18 151 340 284 203 202 271 316 123 124 79 725 582 257 413 171 128 49 53 125 114 642 313 92 481 241 236 867 11 232 90 320 1,126 178 75 308 231 235 591 65 Standard error 22 5 13 28 43 18 7 2 39 32 4 12 44 28 16 17 23 28 10 14 10 54 40 23 37 11 10 6 5 15 13 51 33 7 39 24 18 68 2 21 7 31 108 13 6 32 17 16 41 6 Estimate 7,262 982 1,649 7,075 3,695 1,982 824 279 5,865 7,882 322 1,784 5,842 5,016 4,086 3,424 4,538 7,325 2,169 1,992 1,727 8,784 8,673 6,977 6,715 2,112 1,963 558 1,300 3,000 1,594 13,124 8,372 1,417 11,077 5,965 2,917 14,091 193 4,657 1,347 6,962 15,186 2,512 1,460 5,819 3,311 4,791 9,305 870 Standard error 1,047 174 345 1,140 1,076 338 199 85 1,370 1,023 92 252 2,234 939 725 443 482 1,565 366 352 406 1,080 930 1,283 1,184 240 203 104 169 641 371 1,611 1,717 232 2,011 1,012 481 1,656 61 810 215 1,248 3,248 386 195 866 352 637 1,151 100 Estimate $652,845 $111,678 $225,651 $387,489 $368,701 $185,277 $69,359 $18,424 $545,627 $505,894 $17,266 $168,088 $527,776 $279,670 $185,082 $223,192 $384,751 $528,155 $119,144 $143,143 $113,461 $556,880 $601,497 $306,157 $490,761 $161,239 $135,092 $149,292 $55,775 $156,786 $171,811 $975,691 $566,504 $78,745 $645,875 $323,215 $432,628 $901,173 $15,214 $280,030 $112,448 $659,063 $1,467,034 $308,510 $53,805 $340,273 $339,470 $201,282 $634,413 $62,958 Standard error $132,117 $18,869 $74,606 $69,954 $136,459 $39,453 $24,196 $6,513 $130,063 $88,503 $6,678 $32,796 $181,913 $70,406 $38,141 $41,908 $59,977 $98,836 $23,982 $33,553 $24,955 $131,109 $97,084 $74,399 $115,416 $25,032 $28,074 $38,530 $11,739 $48,877 $39,225 $202,696 $124,764 $11,192 $157,380 $66,265 $104,547 $144,957 $6,679 $52,190 $25,400 $122,182 $244,695 $53,000 $8,476 $64,904 $81,858 $39,066 $119,195 $13,319 Days Expenditures in dollars



Appendix D D-10



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table D-3. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Nonresidential Participants, Days of Nonresidential Participation by State Residents, and Trip-Related Expenditures for Nonresidential Activities by State Residents

(Numbers in thousands) Participation State Estimate Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 118 329 190 2,191 531 248 43 1,279 302 50 214 683 484 354 286 329 250 174 413 427 747 562 103 581 195 150 128 139 564 205 1,112 367 48 887 340 561 1,173 58 282 77 375 1,043 323 109 581 874 166 769 95 Standard error 40 12 45 43 254 61 34 8 171 67 9 43 81 67 41 34 40 39 21 53 59 122 82 22 129 22 21 20 21 66 26 138 62 8 94 55 68 148 8 56 14 57 240 35 17 84 90 22 85 10 Estimate 3,782 1,766 3,537 1,545 25,134 6,555 6,770 595 20,371 5,175 1,099 2,540 9,208 12,319 6,960 2,470 6,365 2,364 3,384 5,959 10,992 13,192 13,406 3,466 12,028 2,975 1,853 1,108 1,641 10,772 5,375 21,423 5,458 450 20,687 3,834 7,288 19,672 974 4,458 1,762 3,601 11,956 3,651 2,081 9,599 12,238 2,494 14,215 1,778 Standard error 746 316 571 407 4,024 1,258 1,596 135 4,477 1,581 282 558 2,307 3,071 1,751 347 2,093 562 614 1,226 2,658 2,762 4,473 1,449 3,251 631 405 199 371 2,207 1,059 4,045 1,857 97 5,732 1,079 981 4,214 230 1,374 518 663 2,858 1,162 526 2,345 1,311 599 3,348 411 Estimate $109,926 $49,035 $174,237 $70,811 $894,746 $183,470 $82,766 $15,727 $508,519 $174,269 $32,319 $58,842 $254,698 $140,460 $77,012 $81,231 $93,187 $53,259 $64,202 $188,565 $145,764 $332,609 $124,187 $32,803 $130,720 $75,050 $34,077 $50,162 $47,666 $230,096 $69,803 $471,293 $121,730 $6,946 $266,849 $42,413 $175,678 $445,924 $9,876 $79,258 $14,195 $114,678 $689,729 $93,928 $30,384 $225,247 $433,951 $62,283 $268,911 $27,150 Standard error $24,800 $11,646 $34,239 $24,515 $175,803 $45,064 $16,616 $4,444 $118,715 $55,270 $10,688 $15,651 $57,633 $34,864 $19,264 $15,404 $24,333 $18,104 $16,036 $47,258 $30,650 $90,218 $25,145 $13,539 $32,074 $20,978 $7,859 $13,058 $11,395 $41,929 $29,473 $128,063 $30,272 $2,453 $54,800 $9,434 $25,285 $108,522 $2,638 $21,827 $3,862 $29,348 $188,701 $24,813 $6,397 $59,484 $77,714 $16,816 $43,219 $9,198 Days Expenditures in dollars



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



Appendix D D-11



Table D-4. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Sportspersons, Anglers, Hunters, and Wildlife-Watching Participants

(These parameters are to be used only to calculate estimates of standard errors for characteristics developed from the screening sample) 6 years old and over State a United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000017 –0.000380 –0.000948 –0.000399 –0.001069 –0.000221 –0.000521 –0.000336 –0.000428 –0.000427 –0.000506 –0.000659 –0.001285 –0.000427 –0.000578 –0.000803 –0.000659 –0.000493 –0.000874 –0.000903 –0.000463 –0.000193 –0.000606 –0.001004 –0.000955 –0.000681 –0.001327 –0.000479 –0.000588 –0.000455 –0.000220 –0.000887 –0.000298 –0.000506 –0.000994 –0.000402 –0.000774 –0.000429 –0.000563 –0.000327 –0.000542 –0.000788 –0.000798 –0.000674 –0.000532 –0.001116 –0.000636 –0.000190 –0.000784 –0.000986 –0.001599 b 4,191 1,493 512 1,559 2,456 6,329 1,819 996 283 5,619 3,361 705 1,393 4,572 3,064 2,084 1,528 1,760 3,461 1,035 2,151 1,065 5,281 4,226 2,368 3,305 1,085 714 845 482 1,591 1,389 4,907 3,353 581 4,091 2,323 1,261 6,176 291 1,838 522 3,887 11,571 948 605 3,870 956 1,344 4,628 718 a –0.000103 –0.002270 –0.004485 –0.001931 –0.006381 –0.001083 –0.002707 –0.002227 –0.002753 –0.002768 –0.002856 –0.003146 –0.006911 –0.002310 –0.003388 –0.004015 –0.004453 –0.002857 –0.004231 –0.005933 –0.002684 –0.001155 –0.003588 –0.006232 –0.005090 –0.004295 –0.008909 –0.002742 –0.003740 –0.002565 –0.001309 –0.004190 –0.001768 –0.004040 –0.007996 –0.002543 –0.003822 –0.002347 –0.004018 –0.002062 –0.002857 –0.005465 –0.005230 –0.003386 –0.001723 –0.008013 –0.003336 –0.001070 –0.005315 –0.005562 –0.007708 b 4,052 1,417 489 1,303 2,444 5,240 1,551 1,007 284 5,390 3,156 538 1,424 4,043 2,867 1,702 1,804 1,623 3,101 1,086 1,973 928 5,206 4,574 2,275 3,440 1,292 713 838 446 1,434 1,228 4,458 4,161 816 4,199 2,007 1,105 6,755 276 1,566 667 3,954 10,479 667 697 3,090 889 1,323 4,461 647 6-15 year olds only



Appendix D D-12



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table D-5. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Levels for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample

Sportspersons and anglers 16+ State a United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000020 –0.000459 –0.001213 –0.000405 –0.001229 –0.000275 –0.000602 –0.000385 –0.000483 –0.000395 –0.000512 –0.000509 –0.001216 –0.000487 –0.000549 –0.000888 –0.000642 –0.000835 –0.000991 –0.000954 –0.000516 –0.000252 –0.000643 –0.001114 –0.001033 –0.000678 –0.001195 –0.000676 –0.000617 –0.000501 –0.000252 –0.000711 –0.000364 –0.000451 –0.000814 –0.000421 –0.000954 –0.000652 –0.000635 –0.000423 –0.000527 –0.001088 –0.000577 –0.000603 –0.000616 –0.001086 –0.000546 –0.000427 –0.000781 –0.001026 –0.001209 b 4,289 1,570 535 1,492 2,452 7,111 1,924 976 288 4,789 3,106 454 1,176 4,492 2,501 1,953 1,292 2,592 3,270 959 2,087 1,221 4,874 4,105 2,169 2,843 832 851 893 478 1,588 944 5,159 2,646 389 3,638 2,454 1,715 5,902 322 1,616 605 2,490 9,273 955 520 2,930 1,913 1,133 4,165 452 a –0.000018 –0.000489 –0.000986 –0.000389 –0.001529 –0.000265 –0.000649 –0.000429 –0.000658 –0.000478 –0.000472 –0.001043 –0.001263 –0.000648 –0.000654 –0.000659 –0.000832 –0.000679 –0.000831 –0.000937 –0.000397 –0.000278 –0.000592 –0.000889 –0.001124 –0.000857 –0.001299 –0.000707 –0.000576 –0.000547 –0.000305 –0.001259 –0.000301 –0.000616 –0.001295 –0.000381 –0.001042 –0.000558 –0.000628 –0.000510 –0.000696 –0.001013 –0.000749 –0.000733 –0.000714 –0.001184 –0.000658 –0.000305 –0.000891 –0.000832 –0.001693 b 3,793 1,672 435 1,431 3,050 6,859 2,075 1,086 392 5,788 2,858 930 1,221 5,979 2,982 1,450 1,673 2,110 2,743 942 1,605 1,344 4,491 3,278 2,360 3,597 904 890 833 522 1,918 1,672 4,277 3,618 619 3,292 2,679 1,468 5,840 389 2,133 563 3,232 11,259 1,106 567 3,529 1,368 1,288 3,378 633 Hunters 16+



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



Appendix D D-13



Table D-6. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample

Sportspersons and anglers 16+ State a United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.000209 0.009175 –0.006112 0.026819 0.004633 0.021384 0.009864 0.001877 0.040550 0.007654 0.014008 0.025846 –0.002875 0.019572 0.022696 0.005064 0.015860 0.004591 –0.00040 0.017717 0.008904 0.016262 0.019792 0.008800 0.016340 0.010252 0.006249 0.017333 0.018933 0.018219 0.008872 0.009851 0.026625 0.002898 0.005072 0.006294 0.004660 0.003145 –0.001615 0.008233 0.006577 0.016156 0.033971 0.002571 0.001106 0.011747 0.016382 0.003760 0.006720 0.012407 0.012293 b –81,938 –61,525 –16,312 –7,817 –23,748 –70,276 –19,578 –16,928 –7,042 20,508 –36,268 –5,658 –29,463 10,051 –22,961 –20,998 18,185 –41,799 –65,739 –5,998 –8,843 –12,678 –127,849 –47,947 –3,615 –14,938 2,944 –3,651 –14,263 –2,158 –21,461 –15,340 –55,537 –52,854 –1,310 –16,259 –37,618 –20,997 –16,424 –3,065 –24,715 –6,396 –12,176 –181,509 –2,243 –4,625 –12,594 –21,018 –9,550 –19,300 –9,179 c 16,935 5,860 2,378 2,578 6,426 15,458 5,293 2,684 809 14,478 6,059 1,067 3,878 8,854 5,102 4,528 1,730 5,443 6,880 1,713 3,522 3,571 11,921 9,688 2,838 4,700 2,023 1,663 1,569 896 4,161 3,013 8,963 8,564 842 6,658 7,562 4,657 12,085 823 4,435 1,099 3,739 27,582 3,125 1,103 5,152 4,033 2,878 6,202 1,344 a 0.000849 0.024164 0.021402 0.092593 0.014405 0.113785 0.022718 0.079125 0.105687 0.023874 0.008831 0.097125 0.016379 0.085878 0.033251 0.016656 0.021785 0.008079 0.019445 0.025284 0.032998 0.024064 0.040148 0.014048 0.048203 0.044792 0.012939 0.027267 0.031588 0.019369 0.074090 0.038148 0.021960 0.027058 0.013476 0.032819 0.020499 0.039506 0.015010 0.163731 0.014150 0.041242 0.025020 0.012511 0.011415 0.008540 0.014967 0.047027 0.031204 0.024061 0.024311 b –338,404 –1,049 39,475 –90,851 –62,820 –136,283 –94,581 –34,580 –2,637 –155,743 –95,649 –938 –64,453 –549,762 –103,911 –138,890 –50,528 –58,497 –21,541 –13,157 –11,255 –1,953 –65,705 –30,492 –12,376 –43,432 –22,671 –39,668 –38,184 –16,561 –47,814 4,904 –65,942 –70,174 10,740 –343,279 –34,984 –209,288 –45,176 1,552 –45,230 13,567 25,879 228,353 –63,829 –5,531 –57,318 –137,577 –15,338 –96,808 –20,666 c 16,347 5,155 489 2,072 5,523 6,339 3,887 1,895 311 8,973 7,863 788 3,289 11,311 8,051 5,392 2,671 4,208 4,669 1,841 2,731 1,922 9,671 6,738 2,679 4,274 1,865 2,043 1,658 1,337 2,925 1,576 13,270 6,255 593 12,406 4,891 4,495 9,408 318 4,751 850 2,858 16,609 3,240 1,212 6,583 2,616 1,413 6,607 1,350 Hunters 16+



Appendix D D-14



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table D-7. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Days or Trips for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample

Sportspersons and anglers 16+ State a United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000359 –0.014899 0.004232 0.009813 –0.000591 0.005829 –0.002514 0.004894 0.019930 0.004327 0.006853 0.024692 –0.003745 –0.001740 0.005471 –0.002638 0.016223 –0.001146 0.005167 –0.001145 0.015009 0.001279 0.014345 0.003565 0.019493 –0.002128 0.000449 –0.001914 0.021810 0.002071 0.011720 0.001275 0.006773 –0.003764 –0.000254 –0.002277 0.002908 –0.004964 –0.000351 0.003515 0.001822 0.006727 –0.003393 0.008771 –0.000945 –0.003874 –0.003305 0.001423 –0.003294 –0.000821 0.001824 b –10,379 –1,645 –2,284 –504 –4,532 –32,577 –4,440 –1,905 –260 –8,388 –15,975 –3,126 –3,875 –10,299 –5,800 –1,789 –605 –3,831 –9,551 –2,421 –1,757 –5,091 –13,184 –17,781 –15,942 –5,253 –2,600 –1,750 –2,046 –1,578 –5,526 –6,683 –19,672 –7,850 –1,046 –12,642 –8,589 –10,252 –9,506 –532 –4,530 –857 –8,542 –62,115 –159 –1,213 –6,179 –4,085 –831 –11,365 –978 c 21,216 10,642 1,514 1,658 7,151 19,133 6,304 2,797 493 12,123 7,865 2,236 4,263 13,115 7,756 4,745 1,633 5,559 6,990 3,262 3,235 4,088 13,688 12,718 6,461 7,226 3,680 2,477 1,649 1,470 6,959 5,081 13,519 10,700 1,099 14,807 7,908 11,849 15,294 829 4,244 1,163 10,929 37,457 2,170 1,671 9,142 5,250 2,712 13,762 1,466 a 0.000168 0.010257 0.017337 0.025859 0.005331 0.046419 0.005304 0.032365 0.042659 0.023712 0.000498 –0.011390 0.007761 0.116103 0.015379 0.013073 –0.005996 –0.008903 0.031739 0.012469 –0.000817 0.028210 0.005369 –0.002763 0.014162 0.018480 0.000401 –0.000535 –0.001816 0.000312 0.022081 0.035962 –0.006261 0.005307 0.013638 0.014951 –0.012896 0.014008 0.001946 0.036010 0.016996 0.014473 0.014450 0.026724 0.009900 0.001720 0.003533 –0.000778 0.003483 0.002687 0.000207 b –11,904 –3,745 –1,630 –2,427 –5,600 –14,455 –3,344 –208 –901 –8,026 –4,557 –629 –1,392 –25,870 –6,119 –5,442 –2,318 –1,883 –9,447 –2,544 –3,341 –2,953 –5,906 –5,610 –6,098 –8,909 –1,984 –295 –1,230 –511 –3,488 –4,491 –6,261 –10,202 –2,072 –10,264 –7,384 –4,387 –7,227 –680 –2,924 –561 –5,875 –40,596 –3,490 –943 –4,262 –1,826 –2,510 –8,025 3,198 c 12,496 3,494 1,174 2,408 6,560 11,763 4,269 1,179 837 8,704 6,375 1,711 1,956 11,750 5,928 4,003 4,722 5,581 4,809 2,121 4,179 2,268 7,564 8,671 5,274 5,746 2,302 1,450 1,883 902 3,096 2,409 14,001 11,887 1,354 9,111 10,343 3,466 10,734 752 3,226 1,029 5,933 24,438 2,684 1,254 5,955 2,912 3,463 7,969 606 Hunters 16+



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



Appendix D D-15



Table D-8. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Levels of Wildlife-Watching Participants for the Detailed Wildlife-Watching Sample

Nonresidential users State a United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1



Wildlife-watching participants1 b a 15,974 6,172 1,757 6,858 10,740 32,229 8,521 5,136 1,797 25,612 15,802 1,558 11,088 10,311 10,485 5,750 4,676 5,341 6,621 3,066 7,604 8,924 22,083 14,226 5,085 33,309 3,568 3,292 3,438 3,767 8,490 4,023 18,488 11,203 1,503 11,210 10,317 10,356 21,485 1,205 12,288 3,043 9,330 59,315 4,685 3,413 13,684 11,601 3,226 11,690 1,552 –0.000040 –0.000996 –0.003102 –0.001138 –0.003708 –0.000675 –0.001570 –0.001170 –0.001488 –0.001029 –0.001239 –0.001508 –0.002755 –0.001182 –0.001294 –0.002397 –0.001200 –0.001519 –0.001352 –0.002046 –0.001100 –0.000791 –0.001385 –0.002710 –0.002331 –0.002372 –0.003963 –0.001558 –0.001641 –0.001860 –0.000839 –0.001796 –0.000811 –0.001382 –0.002659 –0.000884 –0.002253 –0.001506 –0.001198 –0.001226 –0.001840 –0.002845 –0.001206 –0.001142 –0.002427 –0.003296 –0.001540 –0.000842 –0.001979 –0.002288 –0.004075 b 8,555 3,406 1,368 4,191 7,397 17,485 5,017 2,963 887 12,478 7,512 1,345 2,664 10,900 5,899 5,274 2,414 4,717 4,459 2,056 4,449 3,824 10,506 9,989 4,896 9,949 2,758 1,961 2,375 1,774 5,282 2,385 11,505 8,114 1,271 7,638 5,796 3,958 11,142 934 5,460 1,582 5,202 17,541 3,762 1,579 8,266 3,773 2,859 9,283 1,524



–0.000076 –0.001806 –0.003984 –0.001862 –0.005383 –0.001245 –0.002666 –0.002028 –0.003015 –0.002113 –0.002607 –0.001747 –0.011466 –0.001118 –0.002301 –0.002614 –0.002324 –0.001720 –0.002007 –0.003051 –0.001879 –0.001845 –0.002911 –0.003859 –0.002421 –0.007940 –0.005126 –0.002615 –0.002376 –0.003949 –0.001349 –0.003029 –0.001303 –0.001908 –0.003144 –0.001298 –0.004011 –0.003939 –0.002310 –0.001581 –0.004009 –0.005473 –0.002163 –0.003860 –0.003023 –0.007125 –0.002550 –0.002590 –0.002233 –0.002881 –0.004150



Use these parameters for total wildlife-watching participants and residential participants.



Appendix D D-16



Colorado—U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



Table D-9. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures and Days or Trips for Detailed Wildlife-Watching Sample

Expenditures State a United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000286 0.030708 0.041800 0.015564 0.010470 0.018066 0.038817 0.009671 0.048255 0.037237 0.049562 0.073902 0.049578 0.023791 0.031176 0.027387 0.014086 0.034724 0.077714 0.023033 0.043571 0.006810 0.040492 0.014246 0.124078 0.034639 0.057903 0.024994 0.034440 0.035666 0.013039 0.160478 0.055761 0.016613 0.083798 0.013567 0.016264 0.006779 0.029900 0.030265 0.053921 0.057120 0.037696 0.038651 0.056421 0.013746 0.036266 0.018752 0.051192 –0.001127 0.097425 b –65,186 –4,434 –4,269 –88,920 –232,312 –66,438 –215,098 –39,324 793 246,936 –47,365 –7,392 3,816 –91,738 –6,949 –151,677 –26,411 –14,328 –11,409 –44,469 –70,123 –178,680 –319,042 –14,209 18,562 –25,636 –22,171 –4,237 22,068 –13,208 –52,984 –37,219 –88,911 –38,392 –1,532 –190,802 –32,772 –12,633 –197,526 –1,717 14,141 7,343 –9,299 –443,322 9,481 –43,820 –105,349 –46,218 –2,708 –25,290 –2,122 c 37,635 4,714 1,514 7,092 19,942 36,961 11,070 6,004 1,135 15,955 13,337 1,428 4,179 15,163 11,644 10,811 5,617 9,748 5,935 5,406 6,923 12,400 19,607 13,809 3,885 11,799 3,776 3,539 4,012 2,568 9,831 3,245 14,702 14,073 1,564 23,398 9,957 7,354 29,144 1,486 5,196 999 8,559 33,784 4,059 3,010 16,055 10,365 2,632 18,720 1,550 a 0.000052 –0.022833 –0.029715 –0.006753 –0.016982 0.012283 –0.052385 –0.041089 –0.017715 –0.011904 –0.012828 –0.107474 –0.012767 0.017880 –0.031304 –0.043626 –0.020112 –0.100682 –0.079705 –0.017174 –0.033325 –0.031568 –0.018833 –0.095678 –0.030843 –0.010269 –0.012332 –0.038650 –0.005101 0.022014 –0.011200 –0.041133 –0.018354 –0.014391 0.000482 0.054816 0.012938 –0.034862 0.024902 –0.069322 –0.019706 –0.031149 0.000581 0.005378 0.045711 0.010618 –0.016136 –0.015432 –0.035244 –0.064163 –0.093805 b 543,738 –34,485 –14,349 8,600 –55,327 199,721 –41,128 –115,012 –10,761 368,712 –66,122 –50,423 26,870 –26,735 –137,397 –36,375 –42,505 –143,695 –145,421 –7,365 –216,192 –234,200 –31,270 –560,553 –100,539 219,841 5,559 –12,323 –34,384 –23,662 215,547 –40,922 –352,468 –150,974 –16,359 –205,827 93,047 –36,621 969,419 –95,835 –230,401 –123,874 38,507 354,179 –66,098 –34,930 –231,865 –108,529 –80,788 –592,681 –13,385 c 10,948 19,838 8,241 9,994 23,242 11,847 50,721 28,194 3,753 53,853 35,936 10,960 10,809 32,660 50,618 39,705 16,304 76,120 49,422 9,098 46,228 47,548 48,594 139,828 24,176 37,795 10,812 13,951 8,741 6,038 18,712 17,946 78,358 57,926 3,936 28,294 14,288 32,540 –33,184 12,964 46,919 14,456 8,480 23,102 23,779 7,630 58,093 31,269 20,819 124,050 14,702 Days or trips



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Colorado



Appendix D D-17