Alfred B. Nobel
Middle School
Math Science Technology Magnet Center
Nighthawks
STUDENT HANDBOOK
2007-2008
9950 Tampa Avenue-Northridge, CA 91324
Telephone: (818) 773-4700-Fax: (818) 701-9480
wwwlausd.kl 2.ca.us/Nobel_MS
Robert Coburn, Principal Ted Pearce, Magnet Coordinator
Ron Kimura, Assistant Principal Marie Ferry, School Administrative Assistant
Rebecca Huffman, Assistant Principal Riley Leary, School Improvement Coordinator
Al Marsh, AP, Student Services Michelle Oak, EL Coordinator
Howard Marcovitch, AP, Counseling Services Mark Torres, Title One Coordinator
My Homeroom Teacher:_______________________ My Counselor:__________________________
I have reviewed this handbook with my parents:
Student’s Signature:________________________________________________
Parent’s Signature:_________________________________________________
Principal’s Message:
The Nobel staff, faculty, and administration wish making Nobel Middle School an outstanding
you a productive and successful school year. The school. We all need to work together this year to
purpose of this handbook is to give you a better accomplish this goal. Nobel Middle School is
understanding of the rules, policies, and your school! Be proud! Your experiences here
procedures which are part of everyday life at should be enriching and rewarding. Working
Nobel Middle School and the Nobel Magnet together, we can keep Nobel outstanding.
Center. It will also help to explain our
instructional program, school activities, and Robert Coburn, Principal
student expectations. Take time to share this Nobel Middle School
handbook with our parents so they can become Math Science Technology Magnet Center
aware of the many opportunities and challenging
experiences they will encounter this school year.
Nobel Middle School is committed to continue
to strive for excellence. We are dedicated to About Your School
Nobel Middle School was named for Alfred B. Nobel, Student Leadership Activities
a Swedish chemist and inventor. He lived from 1833 The Nobel Leadership class is comprised of elected
to 1896, and although he lived in Sweden most of his and appointed students. The class is responsible for
lifetime, he visited America from 1850-52. His planning and organizing most student-sponsored
industrious and perseverance in the face of failure events. Leadership activities include noontime
were two of his outstanding characteristics. He is activities, school fundraisers, campus recycling
remembered for the discovery of dynamite and programs, and homework incentive programs. Student
ballistic - smokeless gunpowder, but his greatest Leadership is also very involved in community work
contribution to mankind was his plan for awarding such as charity fundraisers, all types of emergency
prizes annually to the most outstanding person in the relief donation drives, and also community parades
fields of chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, and PTSA events. All seventh and eight grade students
literature and the cause of world peace. are encouraged to consider leadership as an elective
The school colors are green and white, and the school choice.
mascot is the “Nighthawk”; the school motto is
“Knowledge is Power”; and the yearbook is “The Library/Media Center
Medallion.” Our school Library/Media Center is a well equipped
learning center available daily to all students from
Nobel Magnet Center 7:30 A.M. to 30 minutes after school. The
The Nobel Math Science Technology Magnet Center Library/Media Center has books and other materials
was established to provide instruction in all academic for recreational reading as well as class assignments.
areas; to promote and enrich learning in the fields of Computers are used to access the Library’s collection.
math, science, and technology which are basic to A copy machine is also available for student use at
future learning in all areas; and to promote standards 10¢ per copy.
of personal and classroom discipline and good
citizenship. Every student at Nobel Middle School is issued an ID
The magnet center shares the campus of Nobel Middle card which is also used as the school’s library card.
School. Magnet students make up about 42 percent of Students need to keep their ID/Library card safe and in
the total school population of 6th, 7th, and 8th graders. good condition. Students must have their ID/Library
card in order to check out or renew books. The
Staying Informed ID/Library card must also be shown to enter the
Nobel uses a variety of methods to disseminate Library at lunch. Under no conditions should
information to our community of parents, students, ID/Library cards be loaned to others or be used to
and staff: The monthly newsletter is distributed the check out books for other students. A student is
first Monday of each school month for students to take responsible for what is checked out under his/her
home. Once a week, a classroom bulletin is read and library card.
posted in homeroom. Daily announcements are read
over the P.A. during homeroom. Special flyers are Students may check out up to three (3) items for a two
sent home with students periodically to make parents week period. Overdue books may not be renewed. For
aware of special events, needs, or concerns. The Nobel every school day an item is overdue there is a 10¢
Student Planner is provided so that parents and fine.
teachers can maintain daily communication regarding
student citizenship, and academic performance. The The Library/Media Center sponsors several reading
first one is free, additional planners will cost $10. clubs. Students may join any of the clubs for a $1
annual fee. The fee pays for special treats throughout
Visit us on the web at the school year as well as for a card that entitles
www.lausd.k12.ca.us/Nobel_MS and the PTSA at students to use the library at nutrition. The library also
www.familyeducation.com/ca/nmsptsa has student volunteers who can work before school, at
nutrition, at lunch, or after school.
Visitors
Visitors coming to school on official business must Student Store
check in at the Main Office. An office staff member The Nobel Student Store is the place to purchase
will determine the purpose of the visit and, as school supplies, including notebooks, book covers,
appropriate, ask the guest to sign the “Visitor” book paper, pens, pencils, folders, erasers, index cards and
and issue a “Visitor Pass” that the visitor will be asked other stationery store items. Gym clothes and snacks
to wear on their chest so it can be easily seen by Nobel are also sold at the student store. The store is open for
personnel. business before school, during nutrition and lunch. No
checks will be accepted at the student store for
Nobel students must not bring other people such as more than the amount of purchase. Because we do
cousins, friends, brothers or sisters to school to visit. not keep large amounts of cash on hand, please do
Students who formerly attended Nobel will not be not send your child to school with bills larger than
allowed on campus during school hours. $20. If you must make payments to more than one
area of the school, be sure to have enough cash
with you. Individual checks, made out for each National School Breakfast
expense, are also acceptable. All checks should be 7:30 to 7:50 A.M. - window service only
made payable to Nobel Middle School.
Nutrition - Inside cafeteria. If you eat early morning
Lost and Found breakfast with a dated or reduced price ticket, you can
There are three places to turn in or look for lost items only eat again at nutrition if you pay the full price.
on campus. If you lose something, don’t give up after
asking once; continue to inquire for some time. If you Lunch - National School Lunch - Inside cafeteria,
lose or find the following: window service and outside express cart.
For your convenience students not on the National
Textbooks - Inquire at the Textbook Room. School Lunch Program may purchase lunch tickets in
Glasses and any orthodontia appliances are sent to the cafeteria.
Health Office.
All other items should be sent to Student Store. A la Carte
7:30 to 7:50 A.M. - window service only
Health Office Nutrition - window service only
The Health Office at Nobel is located in Room 9A by Lunch window service only
the Administration Building. The school nurse is on
campus Monday to Friday, 7:50 A.M. to 3:30 P.M. A change booth is located at the student store. Please
The nurse will provide first aid and help with minor have correct change as no change can be provided at
health problems. Any on-campus injury should be service time, except before school.
reported to the nurse immediately.
Lunch Area
If you need to see the nurse, you must first report to With the large number of students on our school
your classroom teacher to get a pass to go to the campus it is necessary that certain rules be observed in
Health Office. the lunch area to promote safety and cleanliness. All
students should be aware of the following:
All students must have an up-to-date emergency Keep the food express lines clear.
card on file in the Health Office. The students can Do not hold places in line or purchase items for other
only be released from school to those people listed on students.
the card by the student’s parent or legal guardian. If Be seated while eating at the lunch tables.
the student is hurt at school, the emergency card is Place all trash items in the trash bins as soon as
necessary to get the student emergency medical care. possible. All students are responsible for their own
Your parents and you should keep the nurse informed trash!
of any special health needs that you have and always Do not remove food from the designated eating areas.
keep the emergency card, with accurate phone This includes all snack items and drinks.
numbers, updated. Do not loiter around windows, doors, railings,
passageways or serving areas.
Other than providing first aid, the school nurse is Counselors, administrators, teachers, and adult aides
unable to offer any treatment or to provide any are in charge of the cafeteria during nutrition and
medication unless it is under a doctor’s written lunch. The rules will be enforced at all times, and
order. Any medication to be taken at school, even those who violate them may be assigned paper pickup
over-the-counter medicines such as Tylenol, and/or detention. Students are expected to be
aspirin, Midol, etc., must be taken and kept in the courteous to all supervising adults, including food
Health Office with a doctor’s note. Students are not service workers, at all times. Service in the cafeteria
allowed to have any medications in their possession may be refused to anyone found to be discourteous or
during the school day. dishonest.
A doctor’s note is required for all of the following: Playground (P.E.) and Boundaries:
Open during lunch for activities only, not visiting.
to take medicine at school No eating. Detention is assigned for violation.
to be in school with a cast Stay in designated play areas only.
to be in school with crutches Use only checked out equipment. Do not bring your
to be excused from P.E. for more than three (3) days own sports equipment. (except handball)
to explain any medical conditions and special needs of Students may not be on playground unless engaged in
the student pertaining to school activity.
to be readmitted to school following hospitalization Stay out of parking lots.
and after prolonged absences of more than four (4) Do not use outside walks to get to classes.
days Do not go on outdoor stage.
Do not walk on lawn or cut corners.
Cafeteria Counseling
Every Nobel student is assigned a counselor based on Principal’s Honor Roll - Each semester, students who
the first letter of their last name. Counselors provide have earned all “A’s” and “E’s” on the final report
academic and vocational guidance, help plan elective card for the previous semester are honored at a special
choices, make necessary program changes and handle parent reception at which Medalists are also honored.
disciplinary concerns. Counselors are available to help They receive special certificates for outstanding
with personal and school problems. Often, problems achievement.
may seem overwhelming and can be helped by
conferring with a competent, caring person. Medalist Society - These students who have a 3.5
Parents/Guardians are always encouraged to contact grade point average on the final report card for the
teacher and/or the counseling office when they have previous semester and who have no D’s, Fails, or U’s
concerns. Working together with administrators, on the same report card are honored at a parent
teachers and parents, the counselors encourage reception each semester. They receive Medalist
students’ academic and personal growth. certificates. In addition, at the 8th grade graduation
rehearsal, prior to graduation, four (4) semester
Students may visit the counseling office on their own Medalists receive a bronze pin, five (5) semester
before school, at nutrition, or after school. Students Medalists receive a silver pin, and six (6) semester
should not come to the counseling office during Medalists are awarded gold pins.
passing periods; they must request a referral or a pass
from their teacher first. Students who have perfect attendance are honored
once each year at a special assembly. Students who
Grade Reports to Parents earn all “E’s” also receive special recognition for their
Progress reports/report cards are sent home every five accomplishments on their final report cards.
weeks. Parents are encouraged to review these reports
and communicate with teachers and/or counselors Students in all grade levels and in all classes offered at
when questions or concerns arise. To monitor student Nobel are eligible for all of the wards listed above.
progress on a daily, weekly, or periodic basis, parents
and teachers may use the daily planner for any Graduation Requirements
necessary communication between home and school. To receive a middle school diploma, students must
pass at least ten (10) of their twelve (12) 8th grade
All progress reports and report cards must be classes. Students must also receive a passing grade (D
signed by a parent and returned by the required or higher) in English 8B. These requirements are
due date. subject to change by LAUSD.
Attendance/Tardiness Participation in the graduation ceremony is a privilege,
Never leave campus without going through the Health not a right. Any suspension warrants the possibility of
Office or Attendance Office. removal from eighth grade activities and/or the
All readmits and leaves are taken care of in the graduation ceremony. Also, students must meet
Attendance Office. LAUSD academic requirements (stated above) and
Students who return from absence without a note may maintain good work habits and cooperation. Students
receive detention or paper pickup. become ineligible to participate if they receive three
Students requiring duplicate readmit slips will receive (3) or more U’s in cooperation or four (4) or more U’s
paper pick up. in work habits and cooperation combined. Students
Excessive tardies may result in a “U” in work habits (3 must also clear all financial debts and other
unexcused), detention (5 unexcused). obligations to the school before participating in the
Students caught in tardy lockouts are subject to graduation ceremony.
detention.
Tardy lockouts will be conducted periodically at Textbooks
random to encourage promptness. In California, a set of textbooks is provided free of
Students who have three (3) unexcused tardies in a charge to each student. Each book costs approximately
class may work off one of these tardies during a two- $58 including tax and shipping. Books issued to
week tardy free period. students are to be covered and protected at all times.
Tardiness is cumulative for the entire semester. When a book is issued to a student by the teacher, the
student will fill out blue and white book receipt cards.
“C” Average Policy The white copy of the card is filed in the textbook
The LAUSD policy states that students must maintain room; the blue card is kept by the teacher until the
at least a “C” average to participate in any student returns the book at the end of the semester or
extracurricular activities such as band performances, checks out of school. The blue card is the student’s
athletic events and leadership activities. receipt for turning in the book.
If a book is not returned when the teacher requests it
or the student checks out of Nobel, the student’s name
Honor Rolls for Outstanding Achievement will go on a textbook delinquency list until the student
pays for the missing book. The debts carry forward Wait for dismissal by the teacher before leaving the
from year to year and are sent on to the next school a classroom.
student attends. Students on delinquency lists are
ineligible for special student activities, including Hall Passes
participation in the graduation ceremony. Once the Students are required to have an authorized pass any
loss is reported, the student will be issued a new text time they are out of class. There are no exceptions.
so he/she may continue their studies. However, he/she You may leave a class only with the permission of
will still owe the debt for the missing book. If the your teacher. Teachers will issue passes for valid
book is found after it has been paid for and it is reasons only. All passes must have the room number
returned to the textbook room, the student will receive and teacher name on them.
a refund for the amount paid when the book was
reported lost. Restrooms
Students may use the restrooms before and after
Students who damage texts by writing in them or school, at nutrition, between classes and during lunch.
mutilating them in any way, will be fined for the No student should be in the restrooms during class
damages and their name will be on the delinquency without an authorized pass signed by a teacher.
list until the fine is paid.
You are expected to keep restrooms clean. Dirty or
Homework damaged restrooms will be locked until repairs are
Homework is a necessary part of your educational made and anyone who vandalizes a restroom will be
program. Meaningful homework is reasonable, related held financially responsible.
to class work and the goals for the course of study,
emphasizes quality rather than quantity and is Lockers
consistent with the grade level and maturity of the The safety of your combination is your responsibility!
pupil. Homework is purposeful when it provides time Do not give out your combination. Lockers are a
to complete assignments started in class; develops privilege so obey these rules in order to keep your
good work habits and a responsibility for completing locker privileges:
tasks. Always be sure your locker door is closed and locked.
The school district has set the following time Check before leaving your locker.
allocations as the minimum for middle school grades: Use only the locker assigned to you.
Sixth Grade . . . . . . . . 15 minutes for each Do not share your locker with anyone.
academic class for a total of 1 hour per day Never leave anything of value in your locker over the
weekend or during vacation.
Seventh/Eighth Grade. . 30 minutes for each If you have trouble with your P.E. locker, report it to
academic class for a total of two (2) hours per day your P.E. teacher. For other lockers, report any
problems to the Student Store.
High school level classes such as algebra & geometry
have a 40 minute minimum per class daily. Safety
To help ensure the safety of all students at Nobel, the
In some classes, at the discretion of the teacher, following safety rules should be kept in mind at all
additional time may be required to complete studies at times:
home. It is the student’s responsibility to make up any Avoid accidents by following pedestrian and bicycle
work missed due to absence. If a student is absent for safety rules.
three (3) or more days, a parent may call the Parents are not to drive into parking lots or use the
counseling office to request homework for the service road in order to pick up or drop off students.
expected days of absence. Parents may pick up Parents are to park adjacent to the curb on Merridy,
homework after 3 P.M. the following day to allow Vanalden or Lassen. Parents should not double park.
teachers at least 24 hours to complete the request. Do not run on campus.
Classroom Rules Bicycles, Skateboards, Rollerblades, and Scooters
Be seated before the tardy bell rings. Bikes must not be ridden on campus or on the service
Come to class prepared to study - with pencils, pens, road.
paper, textbooks, and other required materials. Bikes that are ridden on campus are taken away until
Keep textbooks covered. claimed by a parent.
Complete all class work and homework assignments. Bikes must be locked in bike compound. Only bike
Leave chewing gum at home. riders may go into compound.
Do not bring food into the classroom. Skateboards, scooters, and rollerblades are not allowed
Keep your environment clean by placing litter in the at school at any time; they will be held until claimed
proper container. by a parent.
Respect the rights of all students to learn.
Treat others as you wish to be treated.
Unauthorized Items and that does not detract from or disrupt the learning
Leave games, toys, radios, tape players, and CD environment for others.
players at home.
No electronic devices such as beepers/pagers are Dresses, skirts, and shorts - All such clothing should
allowed on campus. Cell phones may only be used be of appropriate length which is not shorter than
before and after the school day and only on the fingertip length. Short shorts or athletic shorts (split-
perimeter of the school. side or tight bicycle type) are not permitted. Shorts
These items will be taken from student if improperly must be fitted at the waist and must be worn so as not
used on campus and must be claimed by parent within to bag or sag. Splits on dresses, shorts, or skirts must
30 days. School is not responsible for loss. be no higher than the fingertip length.
Shirts and blouses - All shirts and blouses must be
Messages to Students long enough to cover the midriff when the student
The school cannot assume the responsibility to deliver raises his/her hand to answer in class. All
messages, forgotten lunches, textbooks, class projects, shirts/blouses must have shoulders or straps that are
etc., to pupils during the school day. Students should least two inches wide. Sleeveless athletic jerseys must
inquire in the Attendance Office to see if parents have be worn with an appropriate second shirt. Tops cannot
delivered any materials for them if they have forgotten be see-through, backless, side-less, worn off the
to bring materials to school. shoulder or low cut so as to reveal cleavage.
Pants - Must be worn fitted at the waist and hemmed
Telephones at the bottom. This is to eliminate sagging and
The school telephone number is (818) 773-4700. bagging. They may be worn with or without a belt. If
School telephones may not be used by students to the belt is removed, the pants may not sag. Pants
make personal phone calls. Pay phones are located in cannot be worn ripped or torn at the bottom or at the
the Attendance Office and the Main Office. These seams. Overalls must be hemmed at the bottom and
phones should not be used during class time. You should fit appropriately; both straps must be worn over
must have the correct change to make calls, since the shoulders at all times and any shirt worn with the
school personnel cannot provide change. overalls must follow the same guidelines for
shirts/blouses.
Buses Shoes - For safety reasons, all shoes must be enclosed
Bus transportation is a privilege. Students are expected all around (heel, toe, and sides). Heels should not be
to observe the proper safety procedures and school more than 2” in height above the ground. Shoes must
rules on the buses. Failure to do so may result in a be worn at all times on campus. Thongs, house
citation, a disciplinary action, or a denial of slippers, or sandals are not permitted.
transportation. Student behavior at the bus stop should Headgear, earrings, jewelry - Small earrings may be
be the same as on the school grounds. All school rules worn only in the ears. Expensive jewelry should be
and discipline procedures apply. left at home. Scarves, bandannas, curlers, or hair nets
may not be worn on campus. Under Bill SB310 Nobel
Students should be at the designated school bus stop will allow students to wear visors, baseball caps, and
five (5) minutes before pickup time and should wait narrow brimmed soft hats that are solid white or solid
until the bus comes to a complete stop before green without any logos. Ski caps, doo rags, or beanies
attempting to enter. While on the bus, students should are not allowed on campus.
follow the posted bus rules and directions of the driver
at all times. Any misconduct on the bus can cause the Discipline
driver to be distracted and jeopardizes the safety of the At the beginning of each semester, the counselors and
students on the bus as well as other vehicles on the administrators meet with students through Physical
road. Education classes. During this meeting, students are
made aware of their responsibility for knowing and
Students must load their buses promptly at the end following school rules. A brief résumé of the material
of the day. Students failing to do this may have to call covered is presented below.
their parents for a ride or take the city bus. Serious infractions of rules - will result in conference,
suspension, expulsion, arrest and/or transfer to another
school.
Student Dress Code Persistent defiance of the authority of school personnel
General Guidelines: Any clothing or accessory that Assault or battery upon a student or school personnel
depicts in any form, profanity, violence, drugs, Habitual profanity or vulgarity
alcohol, vandalism, weapons, tobacco, a sexual act, or Smoking or having tobacco or smoking paraphernalia
Use, possession, or sale of narcotics or dangerous drugs,
is offensive to any gender, race or culture is or any alcoholic beverages
unacceptable and therefore not permitted at Nobel. Stealing
Students are expected to conform to reasonable Fighting
standards in cleanliness, appropriate dress, and hair Harassment or hazing of pupils or school
personnel/sexual harassment
styling. Reasonable standards are defined as Possession or use of explosives and fireworks including
presenting an appearance that is conducive to learning caps
Forgery of notes, signatures, excuses, or other school
documents
Serious infraction of behavior standards which is adverse Thursday - Common Planning Time
to the welfare of the student body Schedule B (6 minute passing period)
Possession of weapons - knives, gun, razors, laser pens, Warning Bell 7:50
etc.
Extortion
Homeroom 7:56-8:10 (14)
Cutting, defacing or otherwise injuring in any way Period 1 8:16-9:01 (45)
personal property or property belonging to the school Period 2 9:07-9:52 (45)
district Nutrition 9:52-10:09 (17)
Willful or negligent conduct likely to result in injury to
another student, school employee, or other person
Period 3 10:15-11:00 (45)
Appearance and/or personal hygiene which is adverse to Period 4 11:06-11:51 (45)
the welfare of the student or student body Lunch 11:51-12:21 (30)
Serious infraction of lunch ticket rules such as selling or Period 5 12:27-1:12 (45)
buying a ticket, or using a ticket that does not belong to
the student
Period 6 1:18-2:03 (45)
Gambling CPT/CDT* 2:03-3:03 (60)
Continued truancy or persistent willful tardiness *Common Planning Time/Curriculum Design Time
Cheating
Use of racial slurs/hate language
Possession or use of any aerosol container
Minimum Day Schedule (12:26 p.m. dismissal)
Detention - assigned by counselors. Students report to October 2007 Back to School Night
assigned room to eat lunch with counselor supervision. December 14, 2007 Multicultural Activity
Assigned as a consequence for all infractions including
truancy
March 2008 10 K Run
Extra days assigned for misbehavior during detention April 2008 Open House
Paper pickup during nutrition or lunch - may be assigned May, 2008 5 Days for Testing
by teachers and counselors for inappropriate behavior June 19, 2005 Reverse Minimum Day
such as:
Schedule C (6 minute passing period)
Running on campus
Gum chewing Warning Bell 7:50
Dress code violations Homeroom 7:56-8:10 (14)
Losing school documents Period 1 8:16-8:49 (33)
Littering the campus Period 2 8:55-9:28 (33)
Eating or drinking out of lunch area
Cutting into cafeteria lines
Period 3 9:34-10:07 (33)
Out of class without pass Nutr./Lunch 10:07-10:29 (22)
Misuse of school property (e.g., books and lockers) Period 4 10:35-11:08 (33)
Throwing objects Period 5 11:14-11:47 (33)
Horseplay Period 6 11:53-12:26 (33)
Violation of lunch area rules
No luncheon served at 12:26 p.m. Students on reduced or
free lunch will receive lunches during nutrition. Buses leave
Non School Days at 12:36 p.m.
September 13, 2007 District Unassigned Day
November 12, 2007 Veteran’s Day Tuesday - Professional Development
November 22-23, 2007 Thanksgiving
Schedule D (6 minute passing period)
Dec 17, 2007 to Jan 4, 2008 Winter Break
Warning Bell 7:50
January 21, 2008 M. L. King, Jr.
Homeroom 7:56-8:10 (14)
February 18, 2008 President’s Day
Period 1 8:16-8:56 (40)
March 17-21, 2008 Spring Break
Period 2 9:02-9:42 (40)
May 26, 2008 Memorial Day
Nutrition 9:42-9:59 (17)
June 19, 2008 Last Day of School
Period 3 10:05-10:45 (40)
Period 4 10:51-11:31 (40)
Lunch 11:31-12:01 (30)
Bell Schedules for 2007-2008
Period 5 12:07-12:47 (40)
Period 6 12:53-1:33 (40)
Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Friday PDT* 1:33-3:03 (90)
Schedule A (6 minute passing period) *Professional Development Time
Warning Bell 7:50
Homeroom 7:56-8:16 * (20) Professional Development Dates (to be filled in by
Period 1 8:22-9:16 (54) student):
Period 2 9:22-10:16 (54)
Nutrition 10:16-10:33 (17)
Period 3 10:39-11:33 (54)
Period 4 11:39-12:33 (54)
Lunch 12:33-1:03 (30)
Period 5 1:09-2:03 (54)
Period 6 2:09-3:03 (54)
*Sustained Silent Reading: 8:01 - 8:16 a.m.