MUSIC APPRECIATION \m/
- Serenade No. 13 for Strings in G Major: “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” (A Little
Night of Music): Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Someone Who Believes in You: Carole King and Gerry Goffin
- Fur Elise/Therese (Therese Malfatti): Ludwig Van Beethoven
- The Blue Danube: Johann Strauss
- Jesus, Joy of Man’s Desiring: transcribed for instrument by Myra Hess
- Heart and Mouth and Deed and Life: J.S. Bach
- The Four Seasons (Le Quattro Stagioni): Antonio Vivaldi
- Nocturne in Eb Major: Frederic Chopin
- Umagang Kay Ganda: Ray-An Fuentes and Tillie Moreno
- Aba, Ginoong Maria: music/arrangement by Paulo Tirol, soloist: Paul Mejia
- Veni Creator Spiritus (Come Holy Spirit, Creator): Rabamus Maurus
- Ave Maria: music by Fruto Ramirez, arranged by Arnel Aquino
- “Hallelujah Chorus” from “The Messiah”: George Frederic Handel
- Do You Hear What I Hear: written by Noel Regney, composer: Gloria Shayne
Baker, popularized by Bing Crosby
- A Funky Christmas Medley: Viva Popstars (made up of “Joy to the World”, “We
Three Kings of the Orient Are”, “Angels We have Heard on High”, “Hark! The
Herald Angels Sing”)
- Etude Op. 10 No. 3 in E Major: Frederic Chopin
- The Swan: Camille Saint-Saens
- Sa Tabi ng Punong Saging- Federizon
- Ikaw and Lahat sa akin – Azareon and Delgado
An Overview of Western Classical Music: by Raul Sunico, PhD.
- Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa
- International concert pianist
- Dean of conservatory of music in UST
- Recording artist
- 1986: 10 Outstanding Young Men in Music
Classical Music
- Carefully crafted; survived through the years
- More carefully thought out
Western Classical Music
- More of European music, not American
- Their scale was composed of two tetrachords
Major Periods of Western Classical Music: * Even music had a dark age, and not much is known about it
1. Renaissance
- After the Arts of the New Century
- Before 1600
- All arts flourished: painting, music, sculpting, etc.
- Golden age for polyphony
Polyphony (multi/ many) vs. monophony and homophony
Polyphony: more than 1 voice, not simultaneous in sequence
- All religious music
- Composers: Giovanni Perluigi Palestina (who wrote mostly acapella pieces), Orlando di Lasso
2. Baroque
- 1650-1750
- Everything had a lot of decoration, from music to paintings to architecture
- Development of polyphony, a lot of décor was present in the sounds
- J.S. Bach was a prolific composer (he composed for all instruments)
- Other composers include G.F. Handel and Antonio Vivaldi
3. Classical
- 1750-1810
- Form was very important (everything was measured carefully)
- All musical compositions had light texture
- Composers include:
Amadeus Mozart
Joseph Heiden: Father of Symphony/ Orchestra
Composed more than 100 symphonies, which were all at least 30 minutes long
Ludwig Van Beethoven (he became the bridge between the Classical and Romantic periods)
4. Romantic
- 1810-1900
- Melody was of sublime importance
- Waltzes were popular
- Composers: Frederick Chopin, Johannes Brahms, Franz Liszt, Franz Schubert, Peter Il’gich Tchaikovsky,
Johann Strauss Jr., Giuseppi Vivaldi
5. Impressionist
th
- Early 20 century
- Mostly from France
- A lot of the works were “hazy”
This included paintings. The painter Claude Monei had a lot of hazy works
- Composers: Claude Debussy, Maurice Joseph Ravel
6. Modern/ Avant Garde
th
- Modern/ late 20 century
- Offbeat syncopation
- Composers: Sergei Rachmaninov, Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky, George Gershwin, Bela Bartok, Arnold
Schoenberg
Music Classifications
- Absolute Music (no imagery)
- Program Music (with imagery)
OVERVIEW OF WESTERN MUSIC
Renaissance
Golden age of Polyphony
Church or sacred music, particularly liturgical music
polyphonic music: interaction of more than one voice (question and answer)
Composers:
a. Giovanni Pierluigi de Palestrina
composed purely religious music
savior of “out of control sacred music composers”, savior of
liturgical music
b. Orlando di Lasso
composed secular music (and some sacred music)
Baroque
- more ornamented or decorated style, the term is usually associated with paintings
and architecture
- Composers:
a. Johann Sebastian Bach
composed music for nearly all instruments except saxophone
specialized in composing for the organ
b. George Frederic Handel
composed almost operatic compositions
sample work: “Halleluiah from the Messiah (an Oratorio)”
c. Antonio Vivaldi
- composed program music (compositions with visual imagery or
literary connections)
- sample work: “Four Seasons”
Classical
General genre of Western Music
Symphonies, almost everything about composition is measured
Invention of piano
Composers:
a. Franz Joseph Hydn
- father of Symphony, composed more than 100 (orchestral)
symphonies
b. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- greatest Classical composer, composed more than 100 pieces
- sample work: “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik”
c. Ludwig Van Beethoven
- deaf composer
- sample works: “Fur Elise” and “Moonlight Sonata”
- transition composer from Classical to Romantic period
Romantic
Melody is given importance
Composers:
a. Frederick Chopin – composed mainly for piano
b. Johannes Brahms – composed lullabies
c. Franz Liszt
d. Franz Schubert
e. Peter Tchaikovsky – composed “Swan Lake” and the “Nutcracker
Suite”
f. Johannes Strauss – “Waltz King”
g. Giuseppe Verdi – composed operas
h. Richard Wagner – composed heavy and lengthy compositions
Twentieth Century
Impressionism – based on French Impressionist painters (Claude Monet)
Texture and tone color are given importance, not anymore the melody
Composers:
a. Claude Debussy
b. Maurice Ravel
Modern or Avant-Garde – 12-tone system, expressionist style
Composers:
a. Sergei Rachmaninoff
b. Sergei Prokofiev
c. Igor Stravinsky
d. George Gershwin – father of American Jazz, sample work: “Rhapsody
in Blue”
e. Bela Bartok
f. Arnold Schoenberg
*Other notes!
- Beat: heartbeat of every music
- Concerto: solo + accompaniment; extended composition usually in 3 movements for
solo instrument/small group solo instruments and the orchestra
- Tone Painting: music that describes its nonmusical subject; ex: a piece of music about
rain that is intended to mimic the sound of rain
- Tutsi: full orchestra
- Oratorio: vocal form; musical drama for voices and orchestra usually based on
religious narrative, usually performed without scenery/action; ex: Hallelujah Chorus of
George Frederic Handel
- Counterpoint/Polyphony: melody against melody
- Conciertino: soloist passages
- Red Priest: Antonio Vivaldi (since he had red hair. WOW.)