Taxonomy
Proteobacteria
Chlamydias
Spirochetes
Domain Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Chapter 27
Gram-positive bacteria
Korarchaeotes
Euryarchaeotes, crenarchaeotes, nanoarchaeotes
Domain Archaea
Diplomonads, parabasalids
Universal ancestor
Euglenozoans
Alveolates (dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates)
Stramenopiles (water molds, diatoms, golden algae, brown algae)
Chapter 28
Cercozoans, radiolarians
Red algae
Domain Eukarya
Chlorophytes
Charophyceans
Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, hornworts)
Chapter 29
Seedless vascular plants (ferns)
Plants
Gymnosperms
Chapter 30
Angiosperms
Amoebozoans (amoebas, slime molds)
Chapter 28
Chytrids
Zygote fungi
Fungi
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Chapter 31
Sac fungi
Club fungi
Choanoflagellates
Chapter 32
Sponges
Cnidarians (jellies, coral)
Animals
Chapters 33, 34
Bilaterally symmetrical animals (annelids,
arthropods, molluscs, echinoderms, vertebrates)
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes
Microscopic
No membrane bound nucleus or
organelles
Single-celled organisms that can
be colonial
Contains two domains Bacteria
and Archaea
Can be found in most areas of
the world even in Antarctica
Archaebacteria
Prokaryotes
Always unicellular
Found in extreme
environments such as
hot boiling water and
thermal vents
Have several different
cellular chemistries
from eubacteria
Eubacteria
Prokaryotes (no nucleus)
Always unicellular (single-
celled)
Bacteria
May have plant, fungus, or
animal characteristics.
Different make up than
archaebacteria
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
Can be divided into four types of organisms:
Protists, Fungi, Animals, and Plants
Protista- contains several kingdoms that are
very diverse
Most are multicellular
Can be heterotrophs, or autotrophs, free-living or
parasitic
Can be freshwater or marine
Vast morphology of forms
Protista
Protista- contains several kingdoms
that are very diverse
Most are unicellular
Can be heterotrophs, or autotrophs, free-
living or parasitic
Can be freshwater or marine
Vast morphology of forms
Protista
Protists
Diverse group of mostly unicellular
organisms
Algae- protists that synthesize their own
food
Protozoa- eat bacteria and other protists
Can be multicellular
Most are aerobic, but some are
anaerobic
First ones arose from prokaryotes, and
gave rise to all plants, fungi, and
animals as well as to all modern protists
Protozoa
Protists that live primarily by
digesting food
Eat bacteria and other protists
Flagellates
Giardia- parasitic intestinal
flagellate
Free- living
Amoeba- free-living, moves
and eats by way of a
pseudopodium
Protozoa
Apicomplexans-
Parasitic, organelles specialized
for invading hosts Red
blood
Apex
cell
Plasmodium –malaria
Ciliates- Cilia
Use cilia to move and feed,
usually free-living
Paramecium
Macronucleus
Cellular Slime Molds
Slime molds are Amoeboid
cells
protists that may
constitute a distinct
kingdom
Can exist in both
unicellular and Sluglike colony
multicellular forms
Reproductive
structure
Plasmodial Slime Mold
Unicellular
Has many nuclei in one
very large plasma
membrane
Can be differentiated into
reproductive structure as
well
Chromista
Photosynthetic protists www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/
biomedia/gallery/cerat.h
May be treated as a tm
separate kingdom or
included among the
Protista
Algae whose chloroplasts
contain chlorophylls a
and c, as well as various
colorless forms that are
closely related to them www.pac.dfo-
mpo.gc.ca/.../
Algae, diatoms and Biotoxins/PSP_e.htm
seaweed
Algae
Diatoms
Unicellular
Silica cell wall, two
halves
Green Algae
Unicellular algae
Cell walls
Can form colonies
Can have flagella
Seaweed
Multicellular marine
algae
Lack the structural
specializations of plants
Brown algae
Related to diatoms
Red algae
May be classified in a
different kingdom
Green algae
Has a sequence of life
cycles
Plantae
Multicellular
Autotrophs
Flowering plants, ferns, and
mosses
Second largest kingdom
Plant species range from
the tiny green mosses to
giant trees.
Fungi
Eukaryotes
Almost all multicellular
Must obtain complex food
molecules from external
source, absorbed through
external surface
Almost never capable of
movement.
Animalia
Largest kingdom with over 1
million known species
Multicellular
obtain complex food
molecules from external
source, broken down and
absorbed internally
Usually capable of movement.