Unit 1 Study Guide

							                                         Unit 1 Study Guide
Multiple Choice: 12 of the following 24 questions will be on the test.
1. Which of the following is NOT a goal of science?
2. Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on:
3. Scientists will never know for sure why dinosaurs became extinct. Therefore, scientists should:
4. Science is best described as a:
5. The work of scientists usually begins with:
6. Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period is called
7. Based on your observations, you suggest that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of
    bread mold. This is:
8. A hypothesis:
9. During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests
10. In the second yeast lab demo the amount of sugar was the:
11. How does sharing ideas through peer-reviewed articles help advance science?
12. The amount of CO2 released by the yeast was the:
13. How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses?
14. A well-tested explanation that explains a lot of observations is
15. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?
16. Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why some North American birds
    fly south for the winter?

                         Figure 1–1
                         17. Figure 1–1 illustrates which characteristic of living things?
                         18. The process by which organisms keep everything inside their bodies within
                             certain limits is called
                         19. What is the process of yeast reproduction called?
                         20. In what kingdom do we find yeast?
                         21. During yeast’s metabolism two gases are released. What are they?
22. The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down
    materials is called:
23. In the yeast lab during the test for metabolism what was the control group?
24. Which of the following is a question that can be answered by science?
Fill in the Blank: 3 of the following fill in the blank will be on the test
1. Scientists try to use explanations of the natural world to understand patterns and make
   ____________________ about natural events.

2. An experiment in which only one variable is changed is a(an) ____________________ experiment.
3. In science, a theory is a well-tested explanation that explains a lot of ____________________.
4. The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down
   materials as it carries out its life processes is called ____________________.
5. Inside all living things, chemical reactions happen that allow the organisms to grow and develop.
   Organisms need to take in ____________________ to fuel these reactions.
6. Every living thing is made up of a set of body parts. Each body part, or structure, has a certain job or
   ____________________ .
Short Answer: 6 of the following short answer questions will be on the test.)
1.   To study the effects of a mineral deficiency, a number of rats are divided into two groups: one group
     is fed a normal diet, whereas the other group is fed the same diet but with one necessary mineral left
     out. The animals receiving the normal diet remained healthy; those in the other group grew weaker.
     Formulate a hypothesis based on this experiment.
2. What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
3. Some opponents of the theory of evolution dismiss the ideas as being “just a theory.” Why is this
   NOT a very good argument against the theory of evolution?
4. Which characteristic of living things is important to the survival of a group of animals rather than an
   individual member of this group? Why?
5. Give an example of a stimulus that you respond to and describe your response to that stimulus.
6. What are two ways in which all living things are similar at the molecular level?
7. Give an example of how a living thing could respond to its environment.
8. What characteristics of life does fire exhibit? Is fire a living thing? Explain why (you must
    answer all parts of this question to receive credit for it).
9. Is yeast reproduction sexual or asexual? What is the name for yeast reproduction?
10. After completing the different demos of the yeast lab and after your computer research was your
    hypothesis supported or disproved? (You must state your initial hypothesis and then answer the question using
    actual data and observations.)

Visual/Graphical Analysis: One of the following scenarios will be on the test.
Scenario 1: A scientist conducted an experiment to determine the effect of environment on the fur color
of a Himalayan rabbit. The Himalayan rabbit typically has a white coat except for its colder nose, feet,
tail, and ears, which are black. The scientist shaved an area of hair on the back of each rabbit, then placed
an ice pack over the shaved area on one rabbit (A).
                           Figure 1–3
                           1. Interpret Visuals In Figure 1–3, which rabbit is the control?
                           2. Interpret Visuals In Figure 1–3, what is the variable in this experiment?
                           3. Form a Hypothesis Before completing the experiment in Figure 1–3, the
                               scientist made a hypothesis. What is the hypothesis she is testing?
                           4. Apply Concepts Why is Rabbit B essential to the experiment in Figure 1–3?
                           5. Draw Conclusions Based on your observations of Figure 1–3, conclude
                               what effect temperature has on Himalayan rabbits.


Scenario 2: Elodea is a plant that lives in water. Like all plants, elodea can make its own food through a
process called photosynthesis. Oxygen gas is also produced during photosynthesis. Photosynthesis can
only happen in the presence of light. To measure the rate of photosynthesis, a piece of elodea can be
placed in an inverted test tube filled with a sodium bicarbonate solution. Oxygen gas produced by
photosynthesis will collect at the top of the test tube.
A student has designed an experiment using elodea plants. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 1–
4.
                                                      Figure 1–4
                                                      1. Interpret Visuals What is the purpose of part A
                                                         of Figure 1–4? (Note: The overturned bucket is
                                                         solid, not see-through.)

2. Infer Figure 1–4 shows the setup the student devised to test her hypothesis. What do you think the
   student’s hypothesis was?
3. Interpret Visuals What is one variable that is not controlled in the experiment shown in Figure 1–4?
4. Interpret Visuals What is one easy way that the student can measure the rate of photosynthesis using
   this setup in Figure 1–4? Explain your answer.
5. Apply Concepts Using Figure 1–4, describe one way that the student can reduce the error in this
   experiment.