I
a, ab (+ abl.) - by, from
absum abesse afui - be absent
accipio -cipere -cepi -ceptum - receive, accept
accuso (1) - accuse
ad (+ acc.) - to, towards, at
adsum adesse adfui - to be present
aedes -ium f.pl. - house
aedifico (1) - build
aeger -gra -grum - ill, sick
aestas -atis f. - summer
aetas -atis f. - age
ager -gri m. - field
agricola -ae m. - farmer
agmen -inis n. - marching column, army on the march
ago agere egi actum - do, act, carry out, spend, drive
aliquis -quis -quid - someone, something
alius -a -um - other, another
alter altera alterum - the other (of two), the second
altus -a -um - high, deep
amicus -i m. - friend
annus -i m. - year
ante (adv. and prep. + acc.) - before, in front of
antea (adv.) - before, previously
antequam (conj.) - before
appello (1) - call
apud (+ acc.) - at, at the house of, among, near
aqua -ae f. - water
arbor -oris f. - tree
argentum -i n. - silver, money
arma -orum n.pl. - arms, weapons
armo (1) - arm
ars artis f. - art, skill
at - but
atque, ac - and
audio (4) - hear
aurum -i n. - gold
aut - or
autem - but, however, moreover
auxilium -i n. - help, auxiliary troops (in pl.)
barbarus -a -um - foreign, barbarian
bellum -i n. - war
bene - well
bonus -a -um - good
cado cadere cecidi casum - fall
campus -i m. - plain, level surface
canis -is m. - dog
cano canere cecini cantum - sing
canto (1) - sing
capio capere cepi captum - take, get, seize, contain
captivus -i m. - captive, prisoner
caput -itis n. - head
carmen -inis n. - song, poem
castra -orum n.pl. - camp
cena -ae f. - dinner
ceterus -a -um - remaining, the rest
cibus -i m. - food
civis -is c. - citizen
civitas -atis f. - state, country
clamo (1) - shout
clamor -oris m. - shout
clarus -a -um - famous, clear, distinct
classis -is f. - fleet
cogito (1) - think
cohors -ortis f. - cohort
coniunx -iugis c. - wife, husband
conor (1) - try
consilium -i n. - plan, decision, policy
consisto -sistere -stiti -stitum - halt, take up position
conspicio -spicere -spexi -spectum - catch sight of
consul -ulis m. - consul
contendo -tendere -tendi -tentum - contend, strive, march, hurry
copiae -arum f.pl. - troops, forces
cor cordis n. - heart
credo -dere -didi -ditum (+ dat.) - believe, entrust
cresco crescere crevi cretum - grow, increase
culpa -ae f. - blame
culpo (1) - blame
cum (+ abl.) - with
cum - when, since, although
cupidus -a -um (+ gen.) - eager, desirous
cupio cupere cupivi cupitum - desire
cur - why
curro currere cucurri cursum - run
custodio (4) - guard, protect, preserve
custos -odis m. - guard
de (+ abl.) - down from, from, concerning
dea -ae f. - goddess
deus -i m. - god
debeo (2) - owe, ought to, have to
defendo -fendere -fendi -fensum - defend
dexter -tra -trum (or -tera -terum) - on the right, right
dextra (or dextera) -ae f. - right hand
dextra (or dextera) - on the right
dico dicere dixi dictum - say, speak
dies diei m. or f. - day (m.), set day, date
difficilis -is -e - difficult
digitus -i m. - finger
dignus -a-um - worthy (of)
2
disco discere didici - learn
diu - for a long time
do dare dedi datum - give
dono (1) - give, present with
doceo docere docui doctum - teach
dominus -i m. - master, lord
domus -us f. - house, home
dubito (1) - doubt
duco ducere duxi ductum - lead, take
dum - while, as long as, provided that
dulcis -is -e - sweet, pleasant
e, ex (+ abl.) - out of, from
ecce - look!
edo edere edi esum - eat
ego - I
enim - for, because
eo ire ivi (or ii) itum - go
eo - to there
epistula -ae f. - letter
eques equitis m. - horseman
equus -i m. - horse
et - and
etiam - even, also
exercitus -us m. - army
fabula -ae f. - story
facilis -is -e - easy
facio facere feci factum - do, make
fama -ae f. - report, rumour, fame, reputation
familia -ae f. - household, family
fatum -i n. - fate, destiny
felix (gen. felicis) - fortunate, lucky, successful
femina -ae f. - woman
fero ferre tuli latum - bring, carry, endure
ferrum -i n. - iron, sword
fessus -a -um - tired, weary
fidelis -is -e - faithful
filia -ae f. - daughter
filius -i m. - son
fines -ium m.pl. - territory, boundaries
finis -is m. - boundary, limit, end
fio fieri - become, be made, happen
fleo flere flevi fletum - weep, cry
flos floris m. - flower
flumen -inis n. - river
fortis -is -e - brave, strong
fortiter - bravely
forte - by chance
fortuna -ae f. - fortune, chance
forum -i n. - market-place, forum
3
frater -tris m. - brother
fugio fugere fugi fugitum - flee, escape, keep away from
gaudeo gaudere gavisus sum - be glad, rejoice
gens gentis f. - tribe, clan, people
gero gerere gessi gestum - wear, carry on, conduct
gladius -i m. - sword
gloria -ae f. - glory
habeo (2) - have, hold, consider
hasta -ae f. - spear
haud - not
hic haec hoc - this
hic - here
hiems hiemis f. - winter
hinc - from here
homo hominis m. - man, human being
hora -ae f. - hour
hortor (1) - encourage, urge
hortus -i m. - garden
hostis -is c. - enemy
huc - to here
humanus -a -um - human, kind, humane
ibi - there
idem eadem idem - the same
igitur - therefore
ignis -is m. - fire
ille illa illud - that
illic - there
illinc - from there
illuc - to there
imperator -oris m. - general, emperor
imperium -i n. - command, power, empire
impero (1) (+ dat.) - order
impetus -us m. - charge, attack
in (+ acc.) - into, against
(+ abl.) - in, on
incola -ae c. - inhabitant
incolo (3) - inhabit
inde - from there, then
ingens (gen. ingentis) - huge, vast
inquit - he says, he said
insidiae -arum f.pl. - ambush, plot, treachery
insignis -is -e - distinguished, remarkable
insula -ae f. - island, block of flats
intellego -legere -lexi -lectum - perceive, understand, realise
interea - meanwhile
interficio -ficere -feci -fectum - kill
interim - meanwhile
intro (1) - enter
invenio -venire -veni -ventum - find
4
ipse ipsa ipsum - himself, herself, itself
ira -ae f. - anger
irascor irasci iratus sum (+ dat.) - become angry
iratus -a -um - angry
is ea id - that; he, she, it
iste ista istud - that; he, she, it
ita - so, thus
itaque - and so, therefore
iter itineris n. - journey, march, route
iterum - again
iaceo (2) - lie, lie down
iacio iacere ieci iactum - throw
iam - now, by now, already
iubeo iubere iussi iussum - order
iudex iudicis m. - judge, member of jury
iudicium -i n. - judgment
iudico (1) - judge
ius iuris n. - law, right
iustus -a -um - just, right
iuvenis -is m. - young man
labor -oris m. - work, effort, hardship
laboro (1) - work, be in difficulty
laetus -a -um - glad, happy
latus -a -um - wide, broad
laudo (1) - praise
laus laudis f. - praise
legatus -i m. - officer, ambassador, representative
legio -ionis f. - legion
lego legere legi lectum - read, collect, pick, choose
leo leonis m. - lion
lex legis f. - law
liber libri m. - book
liber -era -erum - free
liberi -orum m.pl. - children
libero (1) - free, release
lingua -ae f. - tongue, language
locus -i m. - place
longus -a -um - long
loquor loqui locutus sum - speak
ludo ludere lusi lusum - play
ludus -i m. - game, public games, school
luna -ae f. - moon
lux lucis f. - light
magnopere - greatly, very much
magnus -a -um - big, great
malus -a -um - bad
maneo manere mansi mansum - stay, remain, continue, await
manus -us f. - hand, body of men
mare maris n. - sea
5
mater matris f. - mother
medius -a -um - middle, in the middle
mens mentis f. - mind, intention
mensa -ae f. - table
miles militis m. - soldier
mirus -a -um - wonderful
miser -era -erum - miserable, wretched
mitto mittere misi missum - send
modus -i m. - way, manner
moneo (2) - warn, advise
mons montis m. - mountain
mora -ae f. - delay
morbus -i m. - disease
morior mori mortuus sum - die
moror (1) - delay, check
mors mortis f. - death
moveo movere movi motum - move (trans.)
mox - soon
mulier -ieris f. - woman
multitudo -inis f. - crowd, large number
multus -a -um - many, much
murus -i m. - wall
muto (1) - change (trans.)
nam - for, because
narro (1) - tell, relate
nascor nasci natus sum - be born
nato (1) - swim
nauta -ae m. - sailor
navigo (1) - sail
navis -is f. - ship
nec, neque - and not, neither, nor
neco (1) - kill
nego (1) - deny, say that . . . not
nemo (neminem nullius nemini nullo) - nobody
nihil, nil - nothing
nisi - unless, if not, except
nobilis -is -e - noble
nolo nolle nolui - be unwilling, not want
nomen -inis n. - name
non - not
nondum - not yet
nonne - surely
nos - we
noster -tra -trum - our
novus -a -um - new
nox noctis f. - night
nullus -a -um - none
num - surely . . . not? (in direct question)
whether, if (in indirect question)
6
numerus -i m. - number
numquam, nunquam - never
nuntio, nuncio (1) - announce
nuper - recently, lately
nusquam - nowhere
occupo (1) - seize
oculus -i m. - eye
omnis -is -e - all, every
onus oneris n. - burden
oppidum -i n. - town
oppugno (1) - attack, assault
opus operis n. - task, job, work
ora -ae f. - coast, shore, region
orno (1) - equip, adorn, decorate
oro (1) - pray, beg, ask
os oris n. - mouth, face
ostendo -tendere -tendi -tentum - show
paene - almost
paro (1) - prepare, acquire
pars partis f. - part
parvus -a -um - small
pater patris m. - father
patior pati passus sum - suffer, endure, allow
patria -ae f. - fatherland, one=s country
pauci -ae -a - few
pax pacis f. - peace
pectus -oris n. - breast, chest, heart
pecunia -ae f. - money
pello pellere pepuli pulsum - drive, push, drive away, dispel
per (+ acc.) - through, by means of
perdo perdere perdidi perditum - lose, destroy, ruin
pereo perire perii peritum - perish, die
periculum -i n. - danger
pervenio -venire -veni -ventum - arrive
pes pedis m. - foot
peto petere petivi (or petii) petitum - seek, ask, aim at, make for
placeo placere placui placitum (+ dat.) - please
plenus -a -um (+ gen.) - full
plerique -aeque -aque - most, very many
poena -ae f. - punishment
pono ponere posui positum - put, place, put aside
pons pontis m. - bridge
pontus -i m. - sea
populus -i m. - a people, nation, the people
porta -ae f. - gate
porto (1) - carry
portus -us m. - harbour, port
possum posse potui - be able, can
post (adv. and prep. + acc.) - after, behind
7
postea (adv.) - afterwards
postquam (conj.) - after
praeda -ae f. - booty, plunder, prey
praemium -i n. - reward, prize
praesidium -i n. - defence, garrison
praetor -oris m. - praetor
primus -a -um - first
princeps principis m. - chief, leader, emperor
prior (gen. prioris) - former, earlier, previous
prius (adv.) - previously, before
priusquam (conj.) - before
procul - far away
prodo prodere prodidi proditum - betray, make known, transmit
proelium -i n. - battle
proficiscor -ficisci -fectus sum - set out, start
progredior, -gredi -gressus sum - advance
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.) - near
propero (1) - hurry
publicus -a -um - public
puella -ae f. - girl
puer pueri m. - boy
pugna -ae f. - fight
pugno (1) - fight
pulcher -chra -chrum - beautiful
punio (4) - punish
puto (1) - think
quaero quaerere quaesivi quaesitum - seek, procure, ask
qualis -is -e - of what kind
quando - when
quantus -a -um - how great, how much
que - and
qui quae quod - who, which
quidam quaedam quoddam - a, a certain person or thing
quidem - indeed, certainly
quis quis quid - who, which, what (in qu.)
quod - because
quomodo - how
quoque - also
quot - how many
quotiens - how many times, how often
rapio rapere rapui raptum - seize, snatch, carry off
reddo reddere reddidi redditum - give back, restore
redeo redire redii (or redivi) reditum - go back, return.
regina -ae f. - queen
regnum -i n. - kingdom
rego regere rexi rectum - rule
relinquo -linquere -liqui -lictum - leave, leave behind
reliquus -a -um - remaining, the rest
res rei f. - thing, affair, matter, event
8
res publica, rei publicae - the state, republic
resisto -sistere -stiti (+ dat.) - resist
respondeo -spondere -spondi -sponsum - reply, answer
rex regis m. - king
rideo ridere risi risum - laugh
ripa -ae f. - bank (of river)
rogo (1) - ask
rumpo rumpere rupi ruptum - break, burst (trans.)
rursus - again
saepe - often
saevus -a -um - cruel, savage
sagitta -ae f. - arrow
sanguis sanguinis m. - blood
sapiens (gen. sapientis) - wise
satis - enough
saxum -i n. - stone, rock
scio scire scivi scitum - know
scribo scribere scripsi scriptum - write
scutum -i n. - shield
se (sui sibi se) - himself etc., themselves
sed - but
sedeo sedere sedi sessum - sit
semper - always
senator -oris m. - senator
senatus -us m. - senate
senex senis m. - old man
sentio sentire sensi sensum - feel, perceive, experience, think
sequor sequi secutus sum - follow
servio servire servii servitum (+ dat.) - serve, be a slave
servo (1) - save, protect, keep
servus -i m. - slave
si - if
sic - thus
signum -i n. - sign, signal, battle-standard
silentium -i n. - silence
silva -ae f. - wood, forest
similis -is -e (+ gen. or dat.) - like, similar
simul - at the same time
simul ac, simul atque - as soon as
sine (+ abl.) - without
sino sinere sivi situm - allow
socius -i m. - friend, ally
sol solis m. - sun
soleo solere solitus sum - be in the habit of, be accustomed to
solum - only
solus -a -um - alone, only
somnus -i m. - sleep
sonus -i m. - sound, noise
soror sororis f. - sister
9
spero (1) - hope
spes spei f. - hope
statim - immediately
statuo statuere statui statutum - set up, establish, decide
sto stare steti statum - stand
stultus -a -um - foolish, stupid
sub (+ acc.) - up to
(+ abl.) - under
subito - suddenly
subitus -a -um - sudden
subsidium -i n. - help, support, reserve troops
sum esse fui - be
surgo surgere surrexi surrectum - rise, get up
suus -a -um - his (own), hers, its, their
taceo tacere tacui tacitum - be quiet, say nothing
talis -is -e - such, of such a kind
tam - so
tamen - but, however
tandem - at last, finally
tango tangere tetigi tactum - touch
tantus -a -um - so great, so much
tectum -i n. - roof, house, building
telum -i n. - weapon, javelin
templum -i n. - temple
tempus temporis n. - time
teneo tenere tenui tentum - have, hold
terra -ae f. - earth, land
terreo (2) - frighten
timeo (2) - fear, be afraid
tot - so many
totiens - so many times, so often
totus -a -um - all, whole, entire
trado tradere tradidi traditum - hand over, hand down
traho trahere traxi tractum - pull, drag
trans (+ acc.) - across, over, beyond
tristis -is -e - sad, gloomy
tu - you
tum, tunc - then
tutus -a -um - safe
tuus -a -um - your
ubi - where
ullus -a -um - any
umquam, unquam - ever
una - together
unde - from where
undique - from all sides, on all sides
unus -a -um - one
urbs urbis f. - city
ut, uti - so that, when, as, how
10
uter utra utrum - which (of two)
uxor uxoris f. - wife
vale, valete - goodbye, farewell
validus -a -um - strong
vasto (1) - ravage, lay waste
vastus -a -um - enormous, vast
vel, -ve - or
veho vehere vexi vectum - carry
vendo vendere vendidi venditum - sell
venio venire veni ventum - come
ventus -i m. - wind
verbum -i n. - word
verto vertere verti versum - turn
verus -a -um - true
vester -tra -trum - your
veto vetare vetui vetitum - forbid, tell not to
via -ae f. - road, street, way
victor -oris m. - conqueror, winner
victoria -ae f. - victory
vicus -i m. - village
video videre vidi visum - see
vinco vincere vici victum - conquer, beat, win
vir viri m. - man
virtus virtutis f. - courage, virtue
vita -ae f. - life
vito (1) - avoid
vivo vivere vixi victum - live
vivus -a -um - alive
vix - hardly, scarcely
voco (1) - call
volo velle volui - want, wish
vos - you
vox vocis f. - voice
vulnus -eris n. - wound
II
abdo abdere abdidi abditum - hide
acer acris acre - keen, sharp
acies -iei f. - battle-line
addo addere addidi additum - add
adorior -oriri -ortus sum - attack
advenio -venire -veni -ventum - arrive
adventus -us m. - arrival
aegre - scarcely, with difficulty
aegre fero (ferre tuli latum) - resent, take badly
aequor -oris n. - sea, level space
aequus -a -um - level, even, equal, fair
11
aer aeris m. - air
aestimo (1) - value, reckon
aggredior -gredi -gressus sum - approach, attack, undertake
agnosco -noscere -novi -notum - recognise
albus -a -um - white
ambulo (1) - walk
amicitia -ae f. - friendship
amitto -mittere -misi -missum - lose
anima -ae f. - breath, life, soul
aperio aperire aperui apertum - open
appropinquo (1) (+ dat.) - approach
aptus -a -um - suitable, fitting, suited
arcesso -cessere -cessivi -cessitum - send for, summon
arx arcis f. - citadel, fortress
ascendo -cendere -cendi -censum - climb
asper -era -erum - rough
audacia -ae f. - boldness, daring, recklessness
audax (gen. audacis) - bold, daring, reckless
audeo audere ausus sum - dare
augeo augere auxi auctum - increase (trans.)
bibo bibere bibi - drink
brevis -is -e - short
caedo caedere cecidi caesum - cut, beat, kill
caelum -i n. - sky, heaven
candidus -a -um - white, bright
carus -a -um - dear
caveo cavere cavi cautum - beware (of)
cavus -a -um - hollow
cedo cedere cessi cessum - yield, depart
celer celeris celere - swift
celeriter - quickly
celo (1) - hide
centurio -onis m. - centurion
cerno cernere crevi cretum - see, perceive
certus -a -um - sure, certain, fixed
circa (adv. and prep. + acc.) - around, about (of place, time, number)
circiter (adv. and prep. + acc.) - about (of time and number)
circum (adv. and prep. + acc.) - round, about (of place)
clades -is f. - defeat, disaster
claudo claudere clausi clausum - shut
coepi (perf.) - I began
cognosco -noscere -novi -nitum - find out, learn, (in perf.) know
cogo cogere coegi coactum - collect, compel, force
collis -is m. - hill
collum -i n. - neck
colo colere colui cultum - cultivate, tend, worship
color -oris m. - colour
complures -es -a - several, quite a few
conficio -ficere -feci -fectum - construct, carry through, complete
12
contemno -temnere -tempsi -temptum - despise
contra (+ acc.) - against
copia -ae f. - supply, plenty, abundance
cotidie - daily, every day
cras - tomorrow
creo (1) - make, create
crimen -inis n. - charge, crime
cupido -inis f. - desire
cura -ae f. - care, anxiety, concern
curo (1) - care for, attend to, see to it that
decerno -cernere -crevi -cretum - decide, decree
declaro (1) - declare, state
dedo dedere dedidi deditum - surrender, give up (trans.)
deinde - then, next
deleo delere delevi deletum - destroy
denique - finally, last, in short
descendo -scendere -scendi -scensum - go down
dimidium -i n. - half
dimidius -a -um - half
dissimilis -is -e (+ gen. or dat.) - unlike
divido -videre -visi -visum - divide
doleo dolere dolui - feel pain, grief
dolor -oris m. - pain, grief
dubium -i n. - doubt
dubius -a -um - doubtful
durus -a -um - hard
egredior -gredi -gressus sum - go out, disembark, leave
egregius -a -um - outstanding, uncommon
emo emere emi emptum - buy
equester -tris -tre - of cavalry, of equestrian rank
equitatus -us m. - cavalry
erro (1) - wander, go wrong, make a mistake
erumpo -rumpere -rupi -ruptum - break out, make a sally
exemplum -i n. - example
exerceo -cere -cui -citum - train, practise
exiguus -a -um - small, meagre
exilium -i n. - exile, banishment
expugno (1) - take by storm
exspecto (1) - wait, await, expect
facies -iei f. - face, appearance
fallax (gen. fallacis) - deceitful, treacherous
fallo fallere fefelli falsum - deceive, cheat, go unnoticed
falsus -a -um - false
fateor fateri fassus sum - admit, confess
fatigo (1) - tire out
fere - almost, about
ferox (gen. ferocis) - fierce, bold
ferus -a -um - wild, savage, cruel
festino (1) - hurry
13
fides -ei f. - trust, confidence, faith, loyalty
firmo (1) - strengthen
firmus -a -um - strong, firm
flecto flectere flexi flexum - bend, curve (trans.)
fluctus -us m. - wave
fluo fluere fluxi fluxum - flow
fluvius -i m. - river
fons fontis m. - spring, fountain, source
forma -ae f. - shape, beauty
frango frangere fregi fractum - break
fraus fraudis f. - deceit, trickery
frigidus -a -um - cold
fruges -um f.pl. - fruit, crops, produce
frumentum -i n. - corn
frustra - in vain
fundo fundere fudi fusum - pour, scatter, rout
gaudium -i n. - joy
gravis -is -e - heavy, serious
heri - yesterday
hodie - today
honestus -a -um - honourable, noble
honos honoris m. - honour, respect, high office
humilis -is -e - low, humble, base
humus -i f. - ground
ignarus -a -um - ignorant
ignoro (1) - not to know
ignobilis -is -e - undistinguished, low-born
ignotus -a -um - unknown
ignavus -a -um - cowardly, lazy
illustris -is -e - famous, distinguished
impedimenta -orum n.pl. - baggage
impedimentum -i n. - obstacle, hindrance
impedio (4) - hinder
incendium -i n. - fire
incendo -cendere -cendi -censum - burn, set fire to
incertus -a -um - uncertain, unsteady
incipio -cipere -cepi -ceptum - begin
incolumis -is -e - safe, unharmed
ingenium -i n. - character, mind, intellect, talent, genius
iniquus -a -um - uneven, unequal, adverse, unjust
initium -i n. - beginning
integer -gra -grum - untouched, intact, entire, fresh, pure
inter (+ acc.) - among, between
inutilis -is -e - useless
invitus -a -um - unwilling
iungo iungere iunxi iunctum - join, unite, yoke
iuro (1) - swear
iuvo iuvare iuvi iutum - help, delight
lacrimae -arum f.pl. - tears
14
lacrimo (1) - cry
laedo laedere, laesi, laesum - hurt
lapis -idis m. - stone
lassus -a -um - tired
lateo latere latui - lie hidden or unseen, lurk, skulk
lentus -a -um - slow, pliant
levis -is -e - light, easy
libertas -atis f. - freedom
licet licere licuit (or licitum est) (+ dat.) - it is allowed
littera -ae f. - letter (of the alphabet)
litterae -arum f.pl. - letter (epistle)
litus -oris n. - shore, coast
loco (1) - place
lumen luminis n. - light
malo malle malui - prefer
mane - (early) in the morning
memini (perf.) (+ gen.) - remember
memoria -ae f. - memory
mensis -is m. - month
mereo (2), mereor (2) - earn, deserve
meridies -iei m. - mid-day, south
minae -arum f.pl. - threats
minor (1) (+ dat.) - threaten
miror (1) - admire, be amazed at
moenia -ium n.pl. - town walls, fortifications
mollis -is -e - soft
monstro (1) - show
mortalis -is -e - mortal, human
mos moris m. - custom, tradition, (in plur.) behaviour,
character
munio (4) - fortify
munitio -onis f. - fortification
natio -onis f. - nation, tribe
natura -ae f. - nature
navalis -is -e - naval
niger -gra -grum - black
nimis - too much
nimium - too much
nimius -a -um - excessive
noceo (2) (+ dat.) - hurt, harm
nosco noscere novi notum - get to know, learn
novi (perf.) - know
notus -a -um - well-known, notorious
nudo (1) - strip, uncover, expose
nudus -a -um - naked, unarmed
numero (1) - count, reckon
obliviscor -isci oblitus sum (+ gen.) - forget
obsideo -sidere -sedi -sessum - besiege
obtineo -tinere -tinui -tentum - keep hold of, maintain, preserve,
15
acquire
occido -cidere -cidi -cisum - kill
olim - once, formerly
omnino - altogether, completely
opera -ae f. - labour, care, trouble
oppidani -orum m.pl. - townspeople, citizens
opto (1) - choose, wish, desire
orbis -is m. - circle, anything circular, world
oriens -entis m. - East
orior oriri ortus sum - rise, spring from
orator -oris m. - speaker
oratio -onis f. - speech
os ossis n. - bone
ostento (1) - show
panis -is m. - bread
par (gen. paris) - equal, like
parco parcere peperci parsum (+ dat.) - spare
pareo (2) (+ dat.) - obey
pariter - equally, similarly
paulo, paulum (adv.) - a little
pedes -itis m. - foot-soldier, infantryman
peditatus -us m. - infantry
pendeo pendere pependi - hang (intrans.)
periculosus -a -um - dangerous
permitto -mittere -misi -missum - allow, entrust
pietas -atis f. - sense of duty (towards God, man, or
country)
piscis -is m. - fish
pius -a -um - dutiful, devout, loyal
polliceor (2) - promise
posco poscere poposci - demand
possideo -sidere -sedi -sessum - possess
praeterea - besides
preces -um f.pl. - prayers, entreaties
precor (1) - pray, beg
premo premere pressi pressum - press, weigh down, urge, pursue
pretium -i n. - price
pro (+ abl.) - on behalf of, for
prohibeo (2) - prevent
propior (gen. -oris) - nearer
proximus -a -um - nearest, next
provincia -ae f. - province
prudens (gen. -entis) - sensible, cautious, knowledgeable
quamquam - although
quia - because
quisque quaeque quodque - each
quisquis quicquid - whoever, whatever
ramus -i m. - branch
rapidus -a -um - quick, swift
16
recens (gen. -entis) - fresh, recent
recipio -cipere -cepi -ceptum - regain, recover, suffer, take on oneself
se recipere - retreat
reditus -us m. - return
rectus -a -um - straight, right
religio -onis f. - religion
ruina -ae f. - fall, ruin, destruction
ruo ruere rui - fall down, rush
sacer -cra -crum - sacred
sacerdos -otis c. - priest, priestess
sagittarius -i m. - archer
salto (1) - dance
salus -utis f. - safety, salvation, greeting
salve, salvete - greetings!
salvus -a -um - safe, unharmed
sano (1) - cure, heal
sanus -a -um - healthy, sane
scientia -ae f. - knowledge
seco secare secui sectum - cut
secundus -a -um - second, favourable
sedes sedis f. - seat, abode, place where anything stays
put
senior -ius - older
sententia -ae f. - opinion
sero serere sevi satum - sow
severus -a -um - harsh, strict
siccus -a -um - dry
simulo (1) - pretend
sinister -tra -trum - left, on the left
sinistra -ae f. - the left side, the left
sive, seu - or if
solvo solvere solvi solutum - release, free, pay, fulfil, set sail
somnium -i n. - dream
sonitus -us m. - sound, noise
spectaculum -i n. - sight, spectacle
specto (1) - look at
sperno spernere sprevi spretum - despise, reject
sumo sumere sumpsi sumptum - take, take up, undertake
super (adv. and prep. + acc.) - above, over, upon
superbia -ae f. - pride
superbus -a -um - proud
suscipio -cipere -cepi -ceptum - undertake
sustineo -tinere -tinui -tentum - support, withstand
tacitus -a -um - silent, quiet
tamquam - as if, just as, like
tego tegere texi tectum - cover
tempto (1) - try
tener -era -erum - soft, delicate, tender, young
tergum -i n. - back, rear
17
terror -oris m. - fear
timor -oris m. - fear
tollo tollere sustuli sublatum - raise, take away, remove
triumphus -i m. - triumph
turba -ae f. - crowd, mob
turbo (1) - confuse, disturb, throw into disorder
turpis -is -e - disgraceful, ugly
turris -is f. - tower
ubique - everywhere
umbra -ae f. - shade, shadow, ghost
unda -ae f. - wave, water
uterque -traque -trumque - both, each of two
utor uti usus sum (+ abl.) - use
vado vadere - go
valeo (2) - be strong, be healthy, have power or
effect
varius -a -um - different, various, diverse
velut - like, just as
veritas -atis f. - truth
vesper -eris m. (acc. vesperum) - evening
vesperi - in the evening
vestis -is f. - clothes
vetus (gen. veteris) - old
vicinus -a -um - nearby, neighbouring
vigilia -ae f. - guard, watch
vigilo (1) - guard, watch
virgo virginis f. - girl
vis f. (pl. vires -ium) - strength, force, violence
volvo volvere volvi volutum - roll (trans.), ponder
vultus -us m. - face, expression
III
accidit -cidere -cidit - it happens
acutus -a -um - sharp, pointed
adeo - to such an extent
adimo -imere -emi -emptum - take away
aditus -us m. - approach
aes aeris n. - bronze, anything made of bronze,
money
aether -eris m. - (upper) air
aevum -i n. - an age, era, lifetime
agrestis -is -e - of the country, rustic
agger -eris m. - rampart
ait - he says, he said
ala -ae f. - wing (of bird or army)
amplector -ecti -exus sum - embrace
amplius (adv.) - more, further, besides
18
angustiae -arum f.pl. - narrow place, defile, difficulty, distress
animadverto -vertere -verti -versum - notice, blame
appareo (2) - appear, be seen
aquila -ae f. - eagle, legionary standard
ara -ae f. - altar
arceo (2) - keep away, keep off (trans.)
aridus -a -um - dry
astrum -i n. - star
auctor -oris m. - person responsible for, instigator,
originator
auctoritas -atis f. - authority, influence
aura -ae f. - breeze, air
avidus -a -um - greedy, eager for
bos bovis m. - ox
caecus -a -um - blind
caedes -is f. - murder, slaughter
carcer -eris m. - prison
careo carere carui caritum (+ abl.) - lack, be without
casus -us m. - fall, chance, happening
certamen -inis n. - struggle, contest
certo (1) - fight, struggle
cervix -icis f. - neck
cingo cingere cinxi cinctum - surround, wreathe
circumdo -dare -dedi -datum - surround
civilis -is -e - civil, civic, polite
clam (adv. and prep. + acc.) - secretly, unknown to
cohortor (1) - encourage
coma -ae f. - hair, foliage
comes comitis c. - companion, friend
comminus (adv.) - at close quarters
committo -mittere -misi -missum - join, commit, trust
commodum -i n. - advantage, profit
commodus -a -um - suitable, convenient, favourable
comparo (1) - procure, obtain
comperio -perire -perui -pertum - find out, discover
compleo -plere -plevi -pletum - fill up (trans.)
condo condere condidi conditum - found, establish, store up, hide, bury
coniuro (1) - conspire, plot
consentio -sentire -sensi -sensum - agree
conspectus -us m. - sight, view
conspicuus -a -um - visible, remarkable
constans (gen. -antis) - firm, steady, resolute
constantia -ae f. - firmness of character, courage
constat -stare -stitit - it is agreed
contineo -tinere -tinui -tentum - enclose, hold back, contain
coram (adv. and prep. + abl.) - openly, in the presence of
crus cruris n. - leg
cubo cubare cubui cubitum - lie down
cunctus -a -um - all
19
curia -ae f. - senate-house
currus -us m. - chariot
cursus -us m. - running, course, journey
decorus -a -um - elegant, beautiful, fitting
deditio -onis f. - surrender
deficio -ficere -feci -fectum - desert, fail, run short
deligo -ligere -legi -lectum - choose, select
demens (gen. -entis) - mad
desino -sinere -sii -situm - cease, desist from
despero (1) - despair
desum deesse defui - be absent, fail, be lacking
deterreo (2) - frighten away, deter
dignitas -atis f. - dignity, rank, grandeur
diligentia -ae f. - care, diligence
diligo -ligere -lexi -lectum - love
dirus -a -um - dreadful, frightening
discrimen -inis n. - crisis, difference
dissimulo (1) - pretend not to, disguise, conceal
dolus -i m. - trick, deception
donec - until
duro (1) - last, endure
en - look!
efficio -ficere -feci -fectum - cause, accomplish, perform
eminus (adv.) - at a distance, from a distance
etsi - although, even if
evenio -venire -veni -ventum - happen, result
excelsus -a -um - high
existimo (1) - value, think
experientia -ae f. - experience
experior -periri -pertus sum - try, attempt, experience
explorator -oris m. - scout, spy
exterior (gen. -oris) - on the outside
extra (adv. and prep. + acc.) - outside
extremus -a -um - furthest, utmost, last
fames famis f. - hunger
fas (indecl.) - right, what is allowed
faveo favere favi fautum (+ dat.) - favour, support
ferreus -a -um - made of iron, cruel
fera -ae f. - wild animal
fido fidere fisus sum (+ dat.) - trust, rely upon
figo figere fixi fictum - fix, attach, transfix
fossa -ae f. - ditch, trench
foedus -a -um - foul
formosus -a -um - beautiful
fortitudo -inis f. - bravery
forsitan - perhaps
fortasse - perhaps
frigus -oris n. - cold
fruor frui fructus sum (+ abl.) - enjoy
20
fuga -ae f. - flight
fugo (1) - put to flight
fungor fungi functus sum (+ abl.) - perform
fur furis m. - thief
furor -oris m. - rage, madness
gemitus -us m. - groan, lamentation
gemo gemere gemui gemitum - groan, bewail lament
genus generis n. - race, kind, sort, birth
gigno gignere genui genitum - produce, give birth to
genu -us n. - knee
gratia -ae f. - favour, kindness, charm, thanks
gratus -a -um - pleasant, grateful
harena -ae f. (or arena) - sand, arena
ignosco -noscere -novi -notum (+ dat.) - forgive, pardon
imago -inis f. - image, picture, statue, ghost
imber imbris m. - shower, rain
inanis -is -e - empty, worthless, vain
inermis -is -e - unarmed
iners (gen. inertis) - inactive, sluggish, inert
inferior (gen. -oris) - lower, inferior
infra (adv. and prep. + acc.) - below
ingratus -a -um - unpleasant, ungrateful
inopia -ae f. - poverty, need, shortage
insidior (1) (+ dat.) - ambush
instruo -struere -struxi -structum - set in order, prepare, equip, instruct
intereo -ire -ii -itum - die
interior (gen. -oris) - inner
intra (adv. and prep. + acc.) - within, inside
invideo -videre -vidi -visum (+ dat.) - envy, grudge
invidia -ae f. - envy, jealousy, malice, unpopularity
iaculum -i n. - javelin
iugum -i n. - yoke, mountain ridge
lacesso -ere -ivi -itum - provoke
laevus -a -um - left, on the left
latro -onis m. - robber
latus lateris n. - side, flank
levo (1) - lift, relieve, ease, console, alleviate
longinquus -a -um - distant, long
maestus -a -um - sad
magnitudo -inis f. - size, greatness
mando (1) - order, entrust
materia -ae f. - material, matter
membra -orum n.pl. - limbs
memor (gen. memoris) - mindful of, remembering
mentior (4) - tell a lie
mercator -oris m. - merchant, trader
metuo -uere -ui - fear
metus -us m. - fear
minuo -uere -ui -utum - lessen, make smaller
21
misceo miscere miscui mixtum - mix, mingle, confuse
misereor (2) (+ gen.) - pity
mobilis -is -e - agile, fickle, liable to change
nanciscor -cisci nactus (or nanctus) sum - get, obtain
nato (1) - swim
navigium -i n. - ship
necessarius -a -um - necessary, unavoidable
nefandus -a -um - abominable
nefarius -a -um - wicked
nefas (indecl.) - wrong, crime
neglego -legere -lexi -lectum - neglect
negotium -i n. - business, trouble
nemus nemoris n. - wood, grove
nix nivis f. - snow
no (1) - swim
nonnullus -a -um - some, several
nubes nubis f. - cloud
nubo nubere nupsi nuptum (+ dat.) - marry
ob (+ acc.) - on account of, because of
obses obsidis c. - hostage
obviam eo (ire ivi or ii itum) (+ dat) - go to meet
occasio -ionis f. - opportunity, suitable moment
occido -cidere -cidi -casum - fall down, die, set (of sun)
odi (perf.) - I hate
odium -i n. - hatred
officium -i n. - duty, function, job
omen ominis n. - omen, sign
onerarius -a -um - freight-carrying (of merchant ships and
pack animals)
onerosus -a -um - burdensome, heavy
opinio -onis f. - opinion, belief
opinor (1) - think, believe
oportet -ere -uit - it is necessary, right
ordo ordinis m. - order, row, rank, class
otium -i n. - leisure, peace
ovis -is f. - sheep
pabulor (1) - forage, search for food
pabulum -i n. - fodder
paco (1) - subdue, pacify
palus paludis f. - marsh
passus -us m. - step, pace
pateo patere patui - be open, clear, evident
patrius -a -um - hereditary, ancestral, of one=s father
pecco (1) - sin, make a mistake
pecus pecudis f. - animal, head of cattle
pecus pecoris n. - herd, cattle
pedester -tris -tre - on foot, on land
pilum -i n. - javelin
placidus -a -um - quiet, peaceful
22
planus -a -um - level, clear
plebs plebis f. - the common people, the masses
pluit pluere pluit - it rains
pondus ponderis n. - weight
potestas -atis f. - power
posterior (gen. -oris) - later, next, following
postremus -a -um - last, hindmost
potior potiri potitus sum (+ gen. or abl.) - get, obtain, possess
potior -us - better, preferable
potius (adv.) - rather, preferably, more
praeceps (gen. -cipitis) - headlong, precipitous
praecipito (1) - throw or cast down, headlong
probus -a -um - good, upright, virtuous
promptus -a -um - ready
propter (+ acc.) - near, on account of
provideo -videre -vidi -visum - see to, provide for, foresee
pudet pudere puduit or puditum est - it causes shame, one is ashamed
quaestor -oris m. - quaestor
quamvis - although, (with adj. and adv.) however
queror queri questus sum - complain
quies quietis f. - rest, calm
quisquam quaequam quicquam - anyone, anything
quondam - formerly, once
rapax (gen. rapacis) - grasping, greedy
ratio -onis f. - reason, method, plan, way
regius -a -um - royal
remus -i m. - oar
renovo (1) - repair, renew
reperio -ire repperi repertum - find, find out
requies -ietis f. - rest
restituo -uere -ui -utum - restore, return
rota -ae f. - wheel
salio salire salui saltum - leap, jump
satisfacio -facere -feci -factum (+ dat.) - satisfy
sceleratus -a -um - wicked, criminal
scelus sceleris n. - crime
seges segetis f. - growing corn
servitus -utis f. - slavery
sidus sideris n. - star, constellation
sileo silere silui - be silent
sinus -us m. - breast, lap, bay
sisto sistere stiti statum - place, be placed, stop
sollicito (1) - disturb, make anxious, urge, provoke,
incite
sollicitudo -inis f. - worry, anxiety
sollicitus -a -um - worried, anxious
spatium -i n. - space, distance, interval
sponte sua, mea, tua - of its (my, your) own accord, by itself
(myself, yourself)
23
statio -onis f. - position, outpost
studeo studere studui (+ dat.) - be eager, keen on, devote oneself to,
favour
studium -i n. - eagerness, enthusiasm, good-will, study
subeo -ire -ii or -ivi itum - approach, enter, undergo
subter (adv. and prep. + acc.) - below, underneath
subvenio -venire -veni -ventum (+ dat.) - come to help, help
succurro -currere -curri -cursum (+ dat.) - come to help, help
supplex (gen. -icis) - imploring, suppliant (and as a noun)
supplico (1) (+ dat.) - beseech, implore
superior -ius - higher, previous, superior
supra (adv. and prep. + acc.) - above, beyond
supremus -a -um - last, latest, greatest
summus -a -um - highest, the top of, utmost, extreme
suspicor (1) - suspect
tardus -a -um - slow
tellus -uris f. - earth, land, country
tempestas -atis f. - weather, storm
testis -is c. - witness
testor (1) - show, prove, declare, call to witness
trepido (1) - be alarmed, agitated
tribuo -uere -ui -utum - give, grant, pay, assign
tribus -us f. - tribe
universus -a -um - all, whole, general
urgeo urgere - press hard, urge
uro urere ussi ustum - burn (trans.)
utrimque - from or on both sides
vacuus -a -um - empty
vagor (1) - wander
vallis -is f. - valley
veneror (1) - worship, respect
ver veris n. - spring (season)
vereor (2) - fear
versus -us m. - line of verse
vestio (4) - clothe
viridis -is -e - green
vitium -i n. - fault, vice
voluntas -atis f. - will, wish
votum -i n. - vow, wish, prayer
IV
abhinc - ago
acerbus -a -um - bitter
adipiscor adipisci adeptus sum - obtain, acquire
adolescens -entis m. - young man
adolesco -escere -evi adultum - grow up
adversus -a -um - facing, opposite, opposed,
24
unfavourable
adversus (+ acc.) - against, towards
aemulor (1) - rival
aemulus -a -um - rivalling, envious
aestus -us m. - heat, tide
alacer -cris -cre - lively, brisk, quick
alienus -a -um - belonging to another, foreign, foreign
to
anceps (gen. -iptis) - doubtful, undecided
antrum -i n. - cave
aratrum -i n. - plough
aro (1) - plough
arbitror (1) - think
arcus -us m. - bow, rainbow, arch, anything arched
ardeo ardere arsi arsum - burn (intrans.), be ardent
arduus -a -um - steep, difficult
arguo -uere -ui -utum - prove, accuse
artus -um m.pl. - limbs
arvum -i n. - field
avus -i m. - grandfather, ancestor
benignus -a -um - kind
blandior (4) (+ dat.) - flatter, entice
blandus -a -um - flattering, pleasant
bona -orum n.pl. - property, possessions
bracchium -i n. - arm
cadaver -eris n. - corpse
caelestis -is -e - of the sky, heavenly
calidus -a -um - warm, hot
callidus -a -um - cunning, clever
carpo carpere carpsi carptum - pluck, enjoy, vilify
censeo -ere -ui censum - think, vote, decree, rate
cesso (1) - delay, cease, be inactive
cieo ciere civi citum - rouse, set in motion
cinis cineris m. - ashes
cito (1) - rouse, summon, quote
cito - quickly
citerior (gen. -oris) - on this side, near
citra (adv. and prep. + acc.) - on this side (of)
coerceo (2) - confine, restrain, control
commeatus -us m. - supplies, provisions
concido -cidere -cidi - fall (esp. in battle), perish, collapse
concido -cidere -cisi -cisum - cut down, destroy
concilio (1) - win over, make friendly, procure
concilium -i n. - assembly, council
confectus -a -um - worn out
consuesco -suescere -suevi -suetum - accustom, become accustomed
consuetudo -inis f. - custom, habit
consulo -sulere -sului -sultum - consider, consult (+ dat.), take thought
for
25
contio -onis f. - assembly, speech
cornu -us n. - horn, wing of army
cotidianus -a -um - daily
crastinus -a -um - of tomorrow
creber -bra -brum - frequent, numerous, crowded
crebro - frequently
cunctor (1) - delay
damno (1) - condemn
damnum -i n. - damage, loss
daps dapis f. - feast, banquet
decet - it is fitting, proper
decus decoris n. - glory, splendour, honour
dedecet - it is disgraceful, improper
dedecus -oris n. - disgrace, dishonour, shame
demo demere dempsi demptum - take away, remove
demum - exactly, precisely, at last
desiderium -i n. - longing, regret
desidero (1) - long for, miss
detrimentum -i n. - loss, damage
dimico (1) - fight, struggle
discors (gen. -cordis) - disagreeing, at variance
domo domare domui domitum - tame, subdue, conquer
duplex (gen. -plicis) - double, twofold
egeo egere egui (+ abl.) - lack, need
ergo - therefore
eximius -a -um - excellent, extraordinary
exitium -i n. - destruction, ruin
expedio -pedire -pedivi -peditum - bring out, prepare, arrange, release
expers (gen. -pertis) (+ gen.) - having no part in, devoid of
facinus -oris n. - deed, crime
facultas -atis f. - opportunity, ability, means
findo findere fidi fissum - split
fingo fingere finxi fictum - form, imagine, invent
flagito (1) - demand
fletus -us m. - weeping
fodio fodere fodi fossum - dig
fores -um f.pl. - door
foris - out of doors, outside
fretum -i n. - strait, sea
fretus -a -um (+ abl.) - relying on, trusting in
glorior (1) - boast
grex gregis f. - flock
gubernator -oris m. - steersman, governor
guberno (1) - steer, govern
haereo haerere haesi haesum - stick
heres heredis c. - heir
hesternus -a -um - of yesterday
hiberna -orum n.pl. - winter quarters
hibernus -a -um - of winter, wintry
26
hiberno (1), hiemo (1) - pass the winter, keep in winter quarters
hodiernus -a -um - of today, today=s
horreo horrere horrui - shudder at, be afraid of
horror -oris m. - fear, trembling
hospes -itis m. - host, guest, stranger
hostia -ae f. - victim, sacrifice
ictus -us m. - blow, stroke
immanis -is -e - monstrous, frightful, savage
impiger -gra -grum - active, energetic
improbus -a -um - wicked, shameless
incommodus -a -um - inconvenient, troublesome
incommodum -i n. - disadvantage, injury, misfortune
induo -uere -ui -utum - put on
indutiae -arum f.pl. - truce
infestus -a -um - hostile, dangerous
infimus -a -um - lowest, last, bottom
imus -a -um - lowest, last, bottom
inscius -a -um - not knowing, ignorant
intercludo -cludere -clusi -clusum - shut off, cut off
interdum - sometimes, from time to time
interest -esse -fuit (+ gen. or mea, tua, sua) - it concerns, it is of interest or
importance
intimus -a -um - innermost, deepest
item - likewise, also
iacto (1) - throw, shake, toss about
labor labi lapsus sum - slip, slide, fall
lacer -era -erum - torn, mangled
languidus -a -um - faint, weak
latebrae -arum f.pl. - hiding-place, lair
lenis -is -e - gentle, mild
libet libere libuit or libitum est (+ dat.) - it pleases
libido -inis f. - desire, lust
lignum -i n. - wood
ligo (1) - bind, tie
luceo lucere luxi - shine, be light
lucidus -a -um - bright, clear
manes -ium m.pl. - spirits of the dead
maturo (1) - hurry on, accomplish quickly
maturus -a -um - ripe, mature, early
mediocris -is -e - moderate, ordinary
meditor (1) - consider, reflect, intend
merces mercedis f. - wages, price
merito - deservedly
miseret -ere -uit (+ acc. and gen.) - it causes pity, one feels pity
modo - only, just now
moles -is f. - mass, bulk, massive structure
molior (4) - labour at, attempt, devise
mordeo mordere momordi morsum - bite
morsus -us m. - bite
27
mundus -i m. - universe, world
munus muneris n. - gift, service, job, public show
nequeo -quire -quivi or -quii -quitum - be unable
nequiquam - in vain
nimbus -i m. - cloud
niteo nitere - shine, glitter, look beautiful
nitor niti nixus or nisus sum (+ abl.) - strive, rely on
numen numinis n. - divine power, deity
occulo -culere -cului -cultum - conceal
operio operire operui opertum - cover, hide
opem opis f. (no nom.) - help, strength
opes opum f.pl. - property, wealth, power
opportunus -a -um - suitable, at the right time
opprimo -primere -pressi -pressum - overwhelm, crush
opulentus -a -um - rich, wealthy
paenitet -ere -uit (+ acc. and gen.) - it causes repentance, one is sorry for,
one regrets
pando pandere pandi passum - spread out, throw open, disclose
pario parere peperi partum - give birth to, produce, acquire
paulatim - gradually
paveo pavere pavi - be afraid (of)
pavor -oris m. - fear, trembling
penates -ium m.pl. - household gods, home
pendo pendere pependi pensum - pay, consider, value
pergo pergere perrexi perrectum - continue, proceed
peritus -a -um (+ gen.) - skilled, experienced in
pertineo -tinere -tinui - reach, concern, belong to
piger -gra -grum - slow, lazy
placo (1) - reconcile, pacify
plerumque - mostly, for the most part
populor (1) - ravage, devastate
porro - onwards, further, moreover
postulo (1) - demand
prae (+ abl.) - in front of, compared with, because of
praebeo (2) - offer, give, show
praesertim - especially
praesto -stare -stiti -stitum - surpass, excel, fulfill, perform, show,
offer
priscus -a -um - ancient, of former times
pristinus -a -um - former, original
probrosus -a -um - shameful, disgraceful
probrum -i n. - disgrace, shame, insult
promo promere prompsi promptum - bring out, disclose
prosum prodesse profui (+ dat.) - be of use
protinus - at once
pulvis pulveris n. - dust
puppis -is f. - stern of ship, ship
quaestio -onis f. - inquiry, public investigation
quaestus -us m. - gain, profit
28
quasi - as if, just as, as it were
quilibet quaelibet quodlibet - anyone, anything
quivis quaevis quodvis - anyone, anything
ratis -is f. - raft, boat
recuso (1) - refuse
refert referre rettulit (mea, tua, etc.) - it profits, it matters, it concerns
reor reri ratus sum - think
reus -i m. - the accused, the defendant
robur -oris n. - oak, strength, power
ruber -bra -brum - red
rudis -is -e - rough, crude, clumsy, inexperienced
saltus -us m. - pasture-land, woodland, valley
scopulus -i m. - rock, crag
securus -a -um - free from care, untroubled, serene
sedo (1) - calm, quiet, stop
segnis -is -e - slow, lazy
sodalis -is c. - friend, comrade
sollers (gen. -ertis) - skilful, clever
sollertia -ae f. - skill, ingenuity, shrewdness
solor (1) - comfort, console
solum -i n. - ground, soil, land
sopor -oris m. - sleep
sors sortis f. - lot, chance, fate, share
species -iei f. - appearance, shape, pretext
sterno sternere stravi stratum - spread out, lay flat, overthrow
stipendium -i n. - pay, military service
strepitus -us m. - noise
strepo strepere strepui - make a noise
stringo stringere strinxi strictum - draw a sword, tie, pluck
superi -orum m.pl. - the gods above
superstes (gen. -stitis) - surviving
supersum -esse -fui - be left, remain, survive
supplicium -i n. - punishment, torture
taedet -ere -uit (+ acc. and gen.) - it wearies or disgusts, one is tired of,
disgusted with
taedium -i n. - weariness, disgust
tantum - only
temere - rashly
tenebrae -arum f.pl. - darkness
tormentum -i n. - artillery, torture
torqueo -ere torsi tortum - twist, throw, torture
trucido (1) - slaughter
tueor tueri tuitus sum - look at, look after, protect
tumultus -us m. - uproar, rebellion
tumulus -i m. - (burial) mound, hill
turma -ae f. - troop, squadron
ulciscor ulcisci ultus sum - avenge
ulterior -ius - further
ultimus -a -um - furthest, last, extreme
29
ultra (adv. and prep. + acc.) - beyond, past
usque - continuously, right up to
usus -us m. - use, practice, experience
vaco (1) - be empty of, free from (+ abl.),
have leisure for (+ dat.)
vadum -i n. - ford, sea (often plur.)
vates -is c. - prophet, poet
vello vellere vulsi vulsum - pluck, tear away
venia -ae f. - pardon, mercy, permission
versus (adv.) - towards
vertex -icis m. - whirlpool, whirlwind, top, summit,
head
vero - certainly, but
vestigium -i n. - footprint, trace
vincio vincire vinxi vinctum - tie, bind
vinculum -i n. - chain, rope, bond
visus -us m. - look, glance, vision
voluptas -atis f. - pleasure
V
accendo -ere -cendi -censum - set on fire, inflame
adhuc - until now, hitherto, as yet
adiuvo -are -iuvi -iutum - help
administro (1) - manage, direct
adorno (1) - equip, prepare
aedilis -is m. - aedile
aequalis -is -e - level, equal, of same age
aeque - equally
aeternus -a -um - perpetual, eternal
afficio -ficere -feci -fectum - affect, influence, endow with
agito (1) - drive, toss, keep going
agnus -i m. - lamb
alias - at another time, elsewhere
alibi - elsewhere
alio - to another place
aliquando - at some time, sometimes
aliqui -qua -quod - some
aliquot - some
aliter - otherwise, differently
alo -ere alui altum (or alitum) - nourish, bring up, maintain
ambo -bae -bo - both
amens -entis - mad
amnis -is m. - river
amplus -a -um - big, spacious, grand
antiquus -a -um - ancient
anulus -i m. - ring
apis -is f. - bee
30
as assis m. - small coin
aspicio -ere -spexi -spectum - look at
assentio -ire -sensi -sensum (+ dat.) - agree with
assentior -iri -sensus (+ dat.) - agree with
ater atra atrum - black
atqui - but
atrox -ocis - savage, fierce, cruel
aufero -ferre abstuli ablatum - take away, carry off
aula -ae f. - court-yard, palace
aureus -a -um - golden
auris -is f. - ear
aurora -ae f. - dawn
avis -is f. - bird
beatus -a -um - happy, wealthy
beneficium -i n. - kindness, good turn, benefit
bis - twice
caeruleus -a -um - dark blue or green
calor -oris m. - heat
canus -a -um - white, grey (esp. of hair)
capesso -ere -ivi -itum - undertake, lay hold of
capillus -i m. - hair
capto (1) - try to get, chase
caro carnis f. - flesh
causa -ae f. - cause, law-case
celsus -a -um - high
censor -oris m. - censor (official)
circiter - about
circulus -i m. - circle, ring
circumvenio -ire -veni -ventum - surround
clam (adv. or + abl. or acc.) - secretly, unknown to
coeo -ire -ii -itum - come together, meet
coetus -us m. - assembly, crowd
cognatus -a -um - related, relation
cognomen -inis n. - surname
colligo -ere -legi -lectum - collect, recover oneself (with reflexive)
colloco (1) - place, position
colonus -i m. - farmer, colonist
columna -ae f. - column, pillar
comitor -ari -atus - accompany
communis -is -e - common, general
commuto (1) - change, exchange
complector -plecti -plexus - embrace, include
compono -ere -posui -positum - put together, compose, arrange
comprimo -ere -pressi -pressum - restrain, suppress
conatus -us m. - attempt, effort
concito (1) - stir up, excite, rouse
concordia -ae f. - agreement, union
concors -cordis - in agreement, united
concurro -ere -curri -cursum - assemble hurriedly, meet in battle
31
concursus -us m. - assembly, collision
condemno (1) - condemn, sentence
confido -ere -fisus sum (+ dat.) - trust in
confirmo (1) - strengthen, encourage
confiteor -eri -fessus - admit, confess
consolor -ari -atus - comfort, console
convenio -ire -veni -ventum - meet together, be suitable,
be agreed upon
convoco (1) - call together, summon
coram (adv. and + abl.) - openly, in the presence of
crinis -is m. - hair
decedo -ere -cessi -cessum - depart, retire, cease
decipio -cipere -cepi -ceptum - deceive
decretum -i n. - decision, decree
defessus -a -um - exhausted
denarius -i m. - silver coin
dens dentis m. - tooth
densus -a -um - crowded, thick, frequent
desero -ere -serui -sertum - abandon, desert
despicio -spicere -spexi -spectum - look down, despise
deterior -ior -ius - worse, inferior
dictum -i n. - saying, command
difficultas -atis f. - difficulty
dimitto -ere -misi -missum - dismiss, abandon
discedo -ere -cessi -cessum - go away, depart
disciplina -ae f. - learning, knowledge, discipline
discipulus -i m. - pupil
displiceo -re -plicui - displease
dissentio -ire -sensi -sensum - disagree
dives divitis - rich
divitiae -arum f.pl. - riches
divus -a -um - divine
doctus -a -um - learned
dormio -ire -ivi -itum - sleep
do edere edidi editum - give out, produce, publish
effigies -ei f. - image, statue
epulae -arum f.pl. - banquet, feast
epulor -ari -atus - feast
erga (+ acc.) - towards
exsul -ulis c. - exile
exsulto (1) - jump about, rejoice
extemplo - immediately
faber fabri m. - workman, smith, carpenter
fabricor -ari -atus - build, make
fasces -ium m.pl. - fasces, bundle of rods carried
by lictors
favor -oris m. - favour, support, applause
32
febris -is f. - fever
fenestra -ae f. - window
ferme - almost, nearly, about
ferreus -a -um - of iron, unfeeling, cruel
ferrum -i n. - iron, sword
fido -ere fisus sum (+ dat.) - trust in
finio -ire -ivi -itum - limit, fix, finish (trans.)
finitimus -a -um - neighbouring
flamma -ae f. - flame
formido (1) - be afraid (of)
formido -inis f. - fear, terror
fors fortis f. - chance, luck
fortiter - bravely
frons frondis f. - leaf
frons frontis m. - forehead, front
fructus -us m. - fruit, profit
fulmen -inis n. - thunderbolt
fumo (1) - smoke
fumus -i m. - smoke
funus funeris n. - funeral, death, ruin
furtum -i n. - theft, trick
glacies -ei f. - ice
gradus -us m. - step, pace
gramen -inis n. - grass
grandis -is -e - large, old
grates f.pl. - thanks
gravidus -a -um - pregnant
gravitas -atis f. - weight, dignity, importance
gremium -i n. - lap
habena -ae f. - rein
habito (1) - live, inhabit
habitus -us m. - condition, character, dress
haurio -ire hausi haustum - drain, swallow
herba -ae f. - grass, herb
heros -ois m. - hero
heu - alas!
horrendus -a -um - terrible
horridus -a -um - rough, bristly
hospitium -i n. - hospitality, inn
humi - on or in the ground
ibidem - in the same place
imitor -ari -atus - imitate, copy
immemor -oris (+ gen.) - forgetful, heedless (of)
immineo -re - hang over, threaten
impar (gen. imparis) - unequal, inferior
impius -a -um - impious, without proper respect
for gods, parents or country
33
improvisus -a -um - unexpected
imprudens (gen. -entis) - unaware, off one's guard
impune (adv.) - without punishment
imus -a -um - lowest, deepest
incedo -ere -cessi -cessum - go, walk, advance
incito (1) - urge on, rouse, excite
infelix (gen. -felicis) - unfortunate, unhappy
inferi -orum m.pl. - the dead below
infirmus -a -um - weak
inimicus -a -um - enemy, hostile
iniuria -ae f. - a wrong, injustice
iniussu (+ gen.) - without authority from
innocuus -a -um - harmless
inquam - I say, I repeat
instituo -ere -ui -utum - set up, establish, appoint
interdiu - by day
intus (adv.) - inside, at home
inultus -a -um - unavenged, unpunished
invicem - in turn, one after another
invidus -a -um - envious, jealous
iocor -ari -atus - joke
iocus -i m. - joke
iucundus -a -um - pleasant
iussu (meo, etc. or + gen.) - on the orders of
iuxta (+ acc.) - close to, next to
lac lactis n. - milk
lacero (1) - tear, mangle
lacus -us m. - lake
laetitia -ae f. - joy
laetor -ari -atus - be glad, happy
lar laris m. - household god
largus -a -um - plentiful, generous
lavo -are lavi lautum (or lotum) - wash
lectus -i m. - bed, couch
letum -i n. - death
lvis -is -e - smooth
libellus -i m. - small book
libens (gen. -entis) - willingly, with pleasure
libenter - gladly, willingly
limen liminis n. - threshold, doorway
linquo linquere liqui - leave, abandon
longe - far off, by far, very much
luctus -us m. - grief
lupus -i m. - wolf
maereo -re - mourn
magis - more
magistratus -us m. - magistracy
34
maiestas -atis f. - dignity, grandeur, (as crime) high treason
manifestus -a -um - obvious, clear, clearly guilty
manipulus -i m. - company of soldiers
maritus -i m. - husband
marmor -oris n. - marble
marmoreus -a -um - made of marble
matrona -ae f. - married woman
maxime - most, especially
medicus -i m. - doctor
mel mellis n. - honey
minax (gen. minacis) - threatening
minister -tri m. - servant, agent
ministro (1) - serve, supply
minus - less
mirabilis -is -e - wonderful, amazing
misericordia -ae f. - pity, mercy
mitis -is -e - mild, gentle
monstrum -i n. - monster, bad omen
mus muris c. - mouse
mutus -a -um - silent, dumb
nasus -i m. - nose
natu - by birth, in age
nepos nepotis m. - grandson
nervus -i m. - sinew
nescio -ire -ivi - be ignorant, not know
nescius -a -um - ignorant
neuter -tra -trum - neither
nocturnus -a -um - of night, by night
nomino (1) - name
nonnulli -ae -a - some, several
nota -ae f. - mark, sign, note
noto (1) - mark
nutrio -ire -ivi -itum - nourish, rear
nutrix -icis f. - nurse
obsto -are -stiti (+ dat.) - be in the way, oppose, obstruct
occasus -us m. - setting (of sun)
occulto (1) - hide
occurro -ere -curri -cursum - go to meet, meet, occur
odor odoris m. - smell, scent
offero offerre obtuli oblatum - present, show, offer
origo originis f. - origin, beginning
ortus -us m. - rising (of sun)
osculor -ari -atus - kiss
osculum -i n. - kiss
ostendo -ere -tendi -tentum
(or -tensum) - show
ovum -i n. - egg
35
pagina -ae f. - page
palam - openly, publicly
palleo -re -ui - be pale
pallesco -ere pallui - turn pale
pallidus -a -um - pale
pallor -oris m. - paleness
parum - too little
pasco -ere pavi pastum - feed, pasture
pastor -oris m. - shepherd
patefacio -facere -feci -factum - open up, disclose
patiens (gen. patientis) (+ gen.) - able to endure, tolerant of
paulisper - for a short time
pauper (gen. pauperis) - poor
paupertas -atis f. - poverty
pavidus -a -um - fearful, panicky
pellis -is f. - skin, hide
penetro (1) - make one's way into
penitus (adv.) - deeply, far within, utterly
percipio -cipere -cepi -ceptum - perceive, feel, understand
perficio -ficere -feci -fectum - complete, accomplish
perfidia -ae f. - treachery
perfidus -a -um - treacherous, faithless
perpetuus -a -um - continuing, without break, perpetual
persuadeo -re -suasi -suasum (+ dat.) - persuade
perturbo (1) - upset, throw into confusion
pinguis -is -e - fat, fertile
plaudo -ere plausi plausum - clap, applaud
pluma -ae f. - soft feather
poeta -ae m. - poet
pontifex pontificis m. - priest
posterus -a -um - coming after, next
posteri m.pl. - future generations
postridie - on the next day
potens (gen. potentis) - powerful, master of (+ gen.)
potior -ior -ius - preferable, better
potissimus -a -um - most important, chief
potissimum (adv.) - especially
praeclarus -a -um - famous, distinguished
praedor -ari -atus - plunder
praefectus -i m. - commander, man in charge of (+ dat.)
praeficio -ficere -feci -fectum - put in charge of (+ dat.)
praesum - be in charge of (+ dat.)
praeter (+ acc.) - past, except, contrary to, beyond,
more than
praetereo -ire -ivi -itum - pass by, omit
pridie - on the day before
privatus -a -um - private, personal, not official
36
procurator -oris m. - administrator, financial agent
profundus -a -um - deep
propinquus -a -um - near, neighbouring
propter (+ acc.) - near, on account of
pudor -oris m. - shame, bashfulness
punio -ire -ivi -itum - punish
purpureus -a -um - red, purple
purus -a -um - clean, pure, plain
quamvis - however much, although
quare - why, wherefore
quasi - as if, just as, as it were
quatio quatere quassum - shake, beat
ne . . . quidem - not even
quiesco -ere quievi quietum - rest, be quiet
radix radicis f. - root
rarus -a -um - rare, scattered, at intervals
reficio -ficere -feci -fectum - restore, repair, refresh
regio regionis f. - region, area, district
remedium -i n. - cure
remigo (1) - row
reparo (1) - recover, make good, repair
repello -ere reppuli repulsum - drive back, repel
repens (gen. repentis) - sudden, unexpected
repente - suddenly
requiesco -ere -quievi -quietum - rest
resto -stare -stiti - remain, be left
risus -us m. - laugh, laughter
rosa -ae, f. - rose
saevio -ire -ii -itum - be fierce, rage
saevitia -ae f. - savagery, brutality
sal salis m. - salt, sea
saltem - at least
saluto (1) - greet
sapiens (gen. sapientis) - wise
schola -ae f. - school
semel - once
semen seminis n. - seed
senectus -utis f. - old age
sepulcrum -i n. - grave, tomb
serenus -a -um - clear, bright
sermo sermonis m. - speech, talk, conversation
serus -a -um - (too) late
sero (adv.) - (too) late
serius (adv.) - too late
servitium -i n. - slavery
significo (1) - show, indicate, mean
singuli -ae -a - one each, individual
37
solitudo -inis f. - loneliness, being alone
somnio (1) - dream
spargo -ere sparsi sparsum - scatter, sprinkle
spiritus -us m. - breath, spirit, character
spiro (1) - breathe
stabilis -is -e - firm, stable
statua -ae f. - statue
stella -ae f. - star
struo -ere struxi structum - build, contrive, devise
suadeo -re -suasi suasum (+ dat.) - advise, urge
suavis -is -e - pleasant, sweet
suesco -ere suevi suetum - become accustomed
supero (1) - overcome, conquer
taberna -ae f. - shop, inn
tabernaculum -i n. - tent
tabula -ae f. - plank, writing tablet, picture
taurus -i m. - bull
termino (1) - limit, bound, finish
terminus -i m. - boundary, limit
theatrum -i n. - theatre
tono -are tonui tonitum - thunder
tranquillus -a -um - quiet, calm, still
tremesco -ere - tremble (at)
tremo -ere tremui - quiver, tremble
tremor -oris m. - shaking, trembling
tremulus -a -um - shaking, trembling
tribunus -i m. - tribune (officer)
tuba -ae f. - trumpet
tunica -ae f. - tunic, shirt
tyrannus -i m. - tyrant
ultio -onis f. - revenge
ultor -oris m. - avenger
umerus -i m. - shoulder
usquam - anywhere
utilis -is -e - useful
vacca -ae f. - cow
vae - woe (to)!
vanus -a -um - empty, idle, useless
vehemens (gen. -entis) - violent, powerful
vehor vehi vectus - ride, sail, travel
velox (gen. velocis) - swift
velum -i n. - sail
venenum -i n. - poison
verbera -um n.pl. - blows, a flogging
verbero (1) - flog
verum (adv.) - but
veteranus -i m. - veteran (soldier)
38
villa -ae f. - country house
vinum -i n. - wine
viso -ere visi visum - go to see, visit
volito (1) - fly, flit
volo (1) - fly
vulgus -i n. - crowd, rabble, the masses
VI
abies abietis f. - fir tree
abscido -ere -cidi -cisum - cut off
abundans (gen. -antis) - rich, abounding
abutor -uti -usus (+ abl.) - abuse, misuse
accedo -ere -cessi -cessum - approach, be added
accommodo (1) - fit, adapt, apply
accumbo -ere -cubui -cubitum - take one's place at table
acervus -i m. - heap
acta -orum n.pl. - (report of) public proceedings, record
adaequo (1) - make equal
admodum - quite, to quite an extent
adulor -ari -atus - flatter
aegroto (1) - be ill
aedificium -i n. - building
aerarium -i n. - public treasury
aestuo (1) - seethe, heave, burn (intrans.)
affirmo (1) - strengthen, declare
affligo -ere -flixi -flictum - dash down, crush
alea -ae f. - die (dice)
ales alitis c. - bird, winged (as adj.)
algeo -re alsi - be cold
aliquamdiu - for some (considerable) time
aliquantus -a -um - a certain amount, considerable
altaria -ium n.pl. - altar(s)
amarus -a -um - bitter
amoenus -a -um - pleasant
ancilla -ae f. - maid-servant
ancora -ae f. - anchor
anguis -is c. - snake
angulus -i m. - corner, angle
angustiae -arum f.pl. - narrow place, difficulty, distress
annuus -a -um - yearly, lasting a year
antecello -ere (+ dat. or acc.) - surpass, be superior to
anus -us f. - old woman
anxius -a -um - anxious, uneasy
apto (1) - fit, make ready
aptus -a -um (+ abl.) - fitted with, equipped with
39
ardor -oris m. - heat, eagerness, ardour
arena -ae f. - sand, arena
aries arietis m. - ram, battering-ram
armiger -eri m. - armour-bearer
artifex -icis m. - craftsman
asinus -i m. - donkey
aspergo -ere -spersi -spersum - sprinkle on, bespatter
assiduus -a -um - persistent, incessant
atrium -i n. - hall, court
attollo -ere - raise, exalt
augur -uris c. - augur, prophet
augurium -i n. - prophecy, sign (esp. by bird)
auguror -ari -atus - predict
augustus -a -um - venerable, grand
avaritia -ae f. - greed
avarus -a -um - greedy
avello -ere -velli (or -vulsi) -vulsum - tear off, tear away
aveo (in imper. ave or avete) - hail, farewell
barba -ae f. - beard
bello (1) - wage war
bellus -a -um - fine, handsome, pretty
benevolentia -ae f. - kindness, good will
biduum -i n. - period of two days
blanditia -ae f. - flattery
calculus -i m. - pebble
capax (gen. capacis) - spacious, capable
caper -pri m. - he-goat
carina -ae f. - keel, ship
carnifex -icis m. - executioner, murderer
catena -ae f. - chain, fetter
cerebrum -i n. - brain
cervus -i m. - stag
ceu - as, just as
charta -ae f. - paper
clavis -is f. - key
clemens (gen. -entis) - gentle, merciful
cliens -entis c. - client (of patronus)
clientela -ae f. - clientship, group of clients
clipeus -i m. - shield
cohibeo -re -ui -itum - restrain, check
collega -ae m. - colleague
colloquium -i n. - conversation, conference
comitia -orum n.pl. - assembly for elections, elections
commemoro (1) - mention, relate
commendo (1) - entrust
commercium -i n. - trade, dealings
concresco -ere -crevi -cretum - become hard or solid
40
condicio -onis f. - terms, circumstances, condition
confestim - immediately, speedily
congrego (1) - collect, gather together
coniugium -i n. - marriage
conscientia -ae f. - knowlege, consciousness, conscience
conscius -a -um - aware (of), in the know
consequor -sequi -secutus - result, catch up, reach
consido -ere -sedi -sessum - sit down, settle, abate
contentio -onis f. - struggle, dispute
conticesco -ere -ticui - fall silent, still
continens (gen. -entis) - adjacent, unbroken, continuous
contingit - it happens
continuo (adv.) - immediately
contionor -ari -atus - address a meeting
conubium -i n. - marriage
credulus -a -um - (too) trusting, ready to believe
cremo (1) - burn, cremate
crucio (1) - torture
cruciatus -us m. - torment
cruentus -a -um - bloody
cruor -oris m. - blood, gore
cubile -is n. - bed
cumulo (1) - pile up
cumulus -i m. - heap, pile
curvus -a -um - bent, crooked
debello (1) - end a war, subdue
decerto (1) - fight (to the end), contend
definio -ire -ivi -itum - define, determine, lay down
delecto (1) - delight, please
delgo (1) - assign, commit
deminuo -ere -ui -utum - lessen, make smaller
depr(eh)endo -ere -endi -ensum - catch, arrest, detect
destituo -ere -ui -utum - abandon
devoro (1) - devour, consume
diffido -ere -fisus sum (+ dat.) - distrust, despair
dignor -ari -atus - think worthy, deign
dirigo -ere -rexi -rectum - direct, send straight
disertus -a -um - eloquent
dispar (gen. -paris) - unequal, unlike
dispicio -spicere -spexi -spectum - discern, perceive, make out
dispono -ere -posui -positum - arrange, station
distinguo -ere -stinxi -stinctum - distinguish
disto -are - be distant, be different
diversus -a -um - opposite, different, separate
divino (1) - foresee, prophesy
domesticus -a -um - belonging to the family, private, internal
dominor -ari -atus - rule, reign, have power
41
ebur eboris n. - ivory
eburneus -a -um - made of ivory
ecquis -quis -quid - is there anyone who ...?
emineo -re -ui - be prominent, stand out
enitor -niti -nisus - make an effort, struggle
eruo -ere erui erutum - tear out, uproot
evado -ere evasi evasum - go out, go up, escape, turn out
eventus -us m. - result
exanimis -is -e - dead
expeditus -a -um - lightly equipped, ready, unobstructed
expergiscor -i -perrectus - wake up
expleo -re -evi -etum - fill up, complete, satisfy
exsto -are - project, exist
exuo -ere -ui -utum - strip off
facesso -ere -ivi -itum - accomplish, cause
facundus -a -um - eloquent
famulus -i m. - servant
fecundus -a -um - fertile
ferio -ire - strike, beat
ferveo -re ferbui - boil, seethe, burn, be agitated
fervidus -a -um - hot, impetuous
festivus -a -um - jolly, lively
festus -a -um - joyful, holiday-
fiducia -ae f. - trust, confidence
flavus -a -um - yellow, fair (of hair)
flo (1) - blow
floreo -re florui - bloom, flourish
fluctuo (1) - toss about, waver
foedo (1) - make foul, pollute, disgrace
folium -i n. - leaf
foveo -re fovi fotum - keep warm, cherish, support
fraudo (1) - cheat
fremitus -us m. - din, roaring sound
fremo -ere fremui fremitum - make a din, roar, grumble
frequens (gen. -entis) - crowded, full
fundus -i m. - farm
funestus -a -um - deadly, mournful, sad
furiosus -a -um - mad, raging
furo -ere furui - rage, be mad
furor -ari -atus - steal
gelidus -a -um - icy cold
gelu -us n. - icy coldness
gemma -ae f. - jewel
generosus -a -um - noble
gracilis -is -e - slim, slender
gratulor -ari -atus - congratulate
hilaris -is -e - cheerful, merry
42
iaculor -ari -atus - hurl, shoot
ianua -ae f. - door
igneus -a -um - fiery
immo - rather, on the contrary
imperitus -a -um - inexperienced, ignorant
impotens (gen. -entis) - wild, ungovernable
impudens (gen. -entis) - shameless
incautus -a -um - careless, heedless
incido -ere -cidi -casum - occur, happen, come upon
incumbo -ere -cubui -cubitum - rush upon, devote oneself
index indicis m. - informer, indication, sign
indicium -i n. - evidence, sign, proof
indignus -a -um - unworthy, shameful
indomitus -a -um - untamed, wild
infamia -ae f. - disgrace
infernus -a -um - of the lower world
ingenuus -a -um - free-born, noble, frank
insigne -is n. - badge, medal
insolitus -a -um - unaccustomed, strange
insto -are -stiti -statum - approach, threaten, pursue eagerly
insuetus -a -um - unaccustomed, strange
insuper - above, besides
intendo -ere -tendi -tentum - stretch, direct towards, intend
interimo -ere -emi -emptum - destroy, kill
intervallum -i n. - interval, distance, pause
intueor -eri -tuitus - look at, contemplate
invisus -a -um - hateful
iracundia -ae f. - anger
ius iurandum (gen. iuris iurandi) n. - oath
iustitia -ae f. - justice
iuventus -us f. - youth, young people
labrum -i n. - lip
lana -ae f. - wool
lapillus -i m. - small stone, jewel
lectus -a -um - chosen, select
libertus -i m. - freedman
liquet, -re licuit - it is clear
locuples (gen. locupletis) - rich
loquax (gen. -acis) - talkative
luceo -re luxi - shine, gleam
lucerna -ae f. - lamp
lucrum -i n. - gain, profit
luculentus -a -um - splendid, ample
lucus -i m. - (sacred) wood, grove
ludibrium -i n. - mockery, laughing-stock, sport,
plaything
lugeo -re luxi luctum - mourn
43
machina -ae f. - machine, device, ploy
machinor -ari -atus - engineer, devise
mlum -i n. - apple
manumitto -ere -misi -missum - free a slave
matrimonium -i n. - marriage
medeor -eri (+ dat.) - heal
medicamentum -i n. - remedy, medicine
memoro (1) - mention, relate
mendax (gen. -acis) - lying, false
mercatura -ae f. - trade, commerce
mercor -ari -atus - buy
mergo -ere mersi mersum - plunge, immerse, overwhelm
migro (1) - change one's home, depart
militia -ae f. - military service, warfare
mitigo (1) - soften, pacify
moderor -ari -atus - restrain, control, direct
modestus -a -um - well-behaved, modest
municeps -ipis c. - inhabitant of a municipium
municipium -i n. - town (self-governing)
natus -a (part. of nascor) - child
navigium -i n. - ship
nequaquam - not at all
nex necis f. - murder, slaughter
ningit or ninguit (perf. ninxit) - it snows
nitens (gen. nitentis) - bright, brilliant, beautiful
nitidus -a -um - shining, bright, smart
niveus -a -um - snow-white
nodus -i m. - knot
nuptiae -arum f.pl. - marriage, wedding
nuto (1) - nod, sway, totter
obeo -ire -ii (or -ivi) -itum - go to meet, engage in, perform, die
obeo diem or mortem - die
obiter (adv.) - on the way, while going along
obitus -us m. - death
obliquus -a -um - slanting, sidelong
oboedio -ire -ivi -itum (+ dat.) - obey, be subject to
observo (1) - watch, guard, comply with
obsidio -onis f. - siege
obstruo -ere -struxi -structum - block up, obstruct
obtusus -a -um - blunt, dull
obvius -a -um (+ dat.) - in the way of, so as to meet
occidens -entis m. - the west
ocior -ius - quicker
ocius (adv.) - (more) quickly
onustus -a -um - laden, burdened
opacus -a -um - dark, shady
oraculum -i n. - oracle
44
ostium -i n. - door, entrance
palaestra -ae f. - wrestling(-ground)
palma -ae f. - palm of hand, palm-tree, victory, glory
papaver -eris n. - poppy
parcus -a -um - thrifty, mean, meagre, little
paries parietis m. - wall (of a house)
particeps (gen. -cipis) (+ gen.) - sharing in
partim - partly
patronus -i m. - patron (of a cliens), defender, advocate
peior peius - worse
penna -ae f. - feather, wing (in plur.)
penuria -ae f. - need, scarcity
perago -ere -egi -actum - accomplish, complete
peregrinus -a -um - foreign
perennis -is -e - everlasting, perpetual
perfuga -ae m. - deserter
perfugium -i n. - refuge
perimo -ere -emi -emptum - destroy
peritia -ae f. - experience, skill
periurus -a -um - perjured, breaking oath
permagnus -a -um - very great
permultus -a -um - very much, very many (pl.)
persevero (1) - persist, persevere
pestilentia -ae f. - plague
pestis -is f. - plague, destruction
piget -re piguit (+ acc. of person) - it displeases, disgusts
pingo -ere pinxi pictum - draw, paint
pinna -ae f. - feather, wing (in plur.)
pinus -us or -i f. - pine-tree
piscina -ae f. - fish-pond, swimming-pool
plane - clearly, entirely, quite
polio -ire -ivi -itum - polish
pomum -i n. - fruit (of any kind)
portentum -i n. - omen, portent, monster
postis -is m. - door-post, door (in pl.)
potentia -ae f. - power
praecipuus -a -um - special, extraordinary
praecipue - especially, chiefly
principium -i n. - beginning
privo (1) - rob, deprive
prodigus -a -um - lavish, wasteful
proditor -oris m. - betrayer, traitor
profugus -a -um - fugitive, exiled
propono -ere -posui -positum - display, set out, intend
proprius -a -um - one's own, peculiar, characteristic
propterea - for that reason
prora -ae f. - prow
45
proscribo -ere -scripsi -scriptum - publish, advertise, proscribe
quasso (1) - shake, shatter
querela -ae f. - complaint
querulus -a -um - complaining
questus -us m. - complaint, lamentation
Quirites -ium m.pl. - citizens of Rome
radius -i m. - ray
recito (1) - read out, recite
recupero (1) - regain, recover
reliquiae -arum f.pl. - remains, remnant
remex remigis m. - rower
reporto (1) - bring back, win
reprimo -ere -pressi -pressum - restrain
requiro -ere -quisivi -quisitum - search for, inquire, require
retro (adv.) - backwards, back
rostrum -i n. - beak, ship's beak
rostra -orum n.pl. - speakers' platform
rumor -oris m. - rumour, popular opinion
rupes -is f. - rock, cliff
sacramentum -i n. - military oath of allegiance
sacro (1) - dedicate, consecrate
saeculum -i n. - generation, century
saucius -a -um - wounded
scaena -ae f. - stage
scalae -arum f.pl. - steps, ladder
scando -ere scandi scansum - climb
scelestus -a -um - wicked
sceptrum -i n. - sceptre
scindo -ere scidi scissum - cut, split, tear
scintilla -ae f. - spark
secus (adv.) - otherwise, differently (esp. non
secus or haud secus C just so)
seditio -onis f. - uprising, mutiny
sepelio -ire -ivi sepultum - bury
series -em -e f. - row, succession, sequence
serius -a -um - serious, grave
sestertius -i m. - small silver coin
sicut - as, just as
sido -ere sidi or sedi, sessum - sit down, sink down
signo (1) - mark, seal, stamp
simplex (gen. -icis) - single, simple, plain
simulacrum -i n. - image, phantom
sitio -ire -ivi - be thirsty
sitis -is f. - thirst
situs -a -um - lying, situated
speculator -oris m. - spy, scout
speculor -ari -atus - spy out, watch for
46
splendidus -a -um - bright, brilliant, noble
splendor -oris m. - brilliance, excellence
spolia -orum n.pl. - spoils, booty
spolio (1) - strip, rob
stimulo (1) - spur on, incite
stultitia -ae f. - foolishness
sudo (1) - sweat
sudor -oris m. - sweat
supinus -a -um - face-upwards, lying on the back
supprimo -ere -pressi -pressum - check, put a stop to
surripio -ripere -ripui -reptum - steal, filch
sus suis c. - pig
suscito (1) - arouse, wake up, incite
tabella -ae f. - tablet (for writing, voting, painting)
tabellae -arum f.pl. - letter, document
tempero (1) - blend, moderate, control, be restrained
tendo -ere tetendi tentum (or tensum) - stretch, aim for, encamp
tenuis -is -e - thin, refined, delicate
terrestris -is -e - of the earth or land
testamentum -i n. - will
testificor -ari -atus - bear witness, show
testimonium -i n. - evidence, proof
thesaurus -i m. - treasure, store-house
tigris -is or -idis f. - tiger
titulus -i m. - label, notice, title
torrens -entis m. - torrent
torreo -re torrui tostum - scorch, burn
torridus -a -um - dry, parched
totidem - just as many
tributum -i n. - tribute, tax
triduum -i n. - space of three days
triplex (gen. -icis) - three-fold, triple
turbidus -a -um - confused, troubled, violent
tuto (adv.) - safely
unguo -ere unxi unctum - smear, anoint
unguentum -i n. - ointment, perfume
unguis -is m. - nail, claw
urbanus -a -um - of the city, elegant, witty
urna -ae f. - jar, urn
ursus -i m. and ursa -ae f. - bear
valde - strongly, very much
valens (gen. -entis) - strong, healthy
valetudo -inis f. - state of health (often ill-health)
vapor -oris m. - steam, vapour
vario (1) - vary (trans. and intrans.)
vas vasis n. - vessel, dish
vena -ae f. - vein
venator -oris m. - hunter
venor -ari -atus - hunt
47
verso (1) - twist, turn, whirl, turn over in the mind
versor -ari -atus - be in a place or state, be engaged in
vertex -icis m. - crown of head, top, summit, whirlpool,
whirlwind
vestibulum -i n. - fore-court, entrance
vexo (1) - shake, trouble, harass
viator -oris m. - traveller
vigeo -re -ui - flourish, thrive
vigil (gen. vigilis) - awake, watchful
vitis -is f. - vine
vividus -a -um - full of life, vigorous
volucer -cris -cre - flying, winged, rapid
volucris -is f. - bird
volumen -inis n. - roll, book
voveo -re vovi votum - vow, dedicate
VII
abnuo -ere -nui -nuitum (or -nutum) - refuse
absisto -ere -stiti - withdraw, leave off
acetum -i n. - vinegar
adduco -ere -duxi -ductum - persuade, induce
adnuo -ere -nui -nutum - assent, approve, promise
aneus or anus -a -um - made of bronze
aereus -a -um - made of bronze
erius -a -um - of the air, airy
aestivus -a -um - of summer
aestiva -orum n.pl. - summer quarters
affinis -is -e - adjacent, related by marriage
allicio -licere -lexi -lectum - entice, allure
almus -a -um - nourishing, bountiful
alumnus -a - foster-child, pupil
ango -ere - throttle, distress, torment
angor -oris m. - anguish, distress
aquilo -onis m. - north(-east) wind
arbiter -tri m. - judge, umpire, director
arbitrium -i n. - judgment, opinion, authority
argumentum -i n. - evidence, proof, theme, plot
armus -i m. - shoulder, fore-quarter
artus -a -um - close, tight, narrow
attineo -re -tinui -tentum - concern, pertain to
auriga -ae m. - charioteer
auspex -icis m. - augur, prophet, commander
auspicium -i n. - omen derived from birds, command
auspicor -ari -atus - take the auspicia, make a good
beginning
aversus -a -um - backwards, behind, unfavourable
avunculus -i m. - uncle (maternal)
48
baculum -i n. - stick
ballista -ae f. - catapult
basium -i n. - kiss
bestia -ae f. - beast
bini -ae -a - a pair, two each
Boreas -ae m. - north wind
caducus -a -um - falling, fallen, fleeting, transitory
caesaries -ei f. - hair
calamus -i m. - reed, pen, pipe
caleo -re -ui - be hot
calleo -re - be skilful, versed in, have knowledge of
calumnia -ae f. - false statement or accusation
calx calcis f. - heel
cauda -ae f. - tail
cera -ae f. - wax, writing-tablet
cicatrix -icis f. - scar
citus -a -um - quick
claustra -orum n.pl. - bar, bolt, lock, barrier
clavus -i m. - nail, rudder, purple stripe on tunica
clivus -i m. - slope
columba -ae f. - dove, pigeon
comis -is -e - kind, courteous, friendly
comitas -atis f. - kindness, courtesy, affability
comoedia -ae f. - comedy
congredior -gredi -gressus - meet, engage in battle
congruo -ere -ui - agree, be consistent with
consulto (adv.) - on purpose
conviva -ae m. - dinner-companion, guest
convivium -i n. - dinner-party, banquet
coquo -ere coxi coctum - cook
coquus -i m. - cook
corona -ae f. - garland, wreath, crowd of men
crepo -are -ui -itum - rattle, creak, make a noise
crux crucis f. - cross
culina -ae f. - kitchen
culmen -inis n. - top, summit, roof
cultus -us m. - cultivation, care, culture, civilisation
declino (1) - deflect, deviate
defero -ferre -tuli -latum - carry off, confer, report, inform against
dego -ere degi - spend, pass
dehinc - henceforth, next
deinceps - one after another, in turn
delictum -i n. - fault, offence
delinquo -ere -liqui -lictum - do wrong, offend
depingo -ere -pinxi -pictum - portray, describe
destino (1) - intend, destine, appoint
devenio -ire -veni -ventum - reach, arrive at
dico (1) - dedicate, devote
dictito (1) - declare, say often
49
differo -ferre distuli dilatum - scatter, publish, put off, differ
discumbo -ere -cubui -cubitum - take places at table
discurro -ere -cucurri (or -curri)
-cursum - run to and fro, dash about
discutio -cutere -cussi -cussum - shatter, disperse
disiungo -ere -iunxi -iunctum - separate
disputo (1) - examine, discuss
diurnus -a -um - by day, daily
diuturnus -a -um - lasting a long time
doctrina -ae f. - instruction, science, learning
dorsum -i n. - back
dudum (usually iamdudum) - a long time ago
ebrius -a -um - drunk
edico -ere -dixi -dictum - proclaim, announce
egenus -a -um - in need of, lacking
egestas -atis f. - poverty, want
elicio -licere -licui -licitum - entice, draw out
emereo -re -ui -itum (and passive) - earn, deserve, complete term of service
essedum -i n. - war-chariot
Eurus -i m. - south-east wind
excidium -i n. - destruction
excutio -cutere -cussi -cussum - shake out, knock out, shake off,
get rid of
exedo -esse -edi -esum - consume, eat away
exigo -ere -egi -actum - drive out, exact, complete
eximo -ere -emi -emptum - remove, release
exitus -us m. - outlet, end, result
exprimo -ere -pressi -pressum - model, portray, translate
exta -orum n.pl. - inwards, entrails
exuviae -arum f.pl. - spoils
facetiae -arum f.pl. - wit, humour
facetus -a -um - witty, elegant
factio -onis f. - political party
familiaris -is -e - of the household, friendly,
(as noun) intimate friend
fanum -i n. - temple
fasti -orum m.pl. - calendar, annals
fax facis f. - torch, firebrand
fetus -a -um - teeming with (+ abl.), fruitful
fetus -us m. - offspring, fruit
fictus -a -um - false, feigned
filum -i n. - thread
flagellum -i n. - whip
flagitium -i n. - disgrace, scandal
focus -i m. - hearth
foras - outside, abroad
fragor -oris m. - crash, din
frenum -i n. (pl. frena or freni) - bridle, restraint (usually pl.)
frigeo -re - be cold, be lifeless, fall flat
50
fulgeo -re fulsi - flash, shine
fulgor -oris m. - glitter, splendour
fulgur -uris n. - lightning
funditus (adv.) - from the very bottom, utterly
furtim - stealthily, secretly
gemellus -a -um - twin, double
gemino (1) - double
geminus -a -um - twin, double
gener -eri m. - son-in-law
genetrix -icis f. - mother
genitor -oris m. - father
germanus -a -um - brother, sister, genuine
glomero (1) - gather in a mass
gnarus -a -um - acquainted with, skilful, expert
gurges -itis m. - abyss, whirlpool, sea
gusto (1) - taste
haedus -i m. - kid
hedera -ae f. - ivy
iactura -ae f. - loss, sacrifice
idcirco - for that reason
identidem - repeatedly
ideo - for that reason
ignominia -ae f. - dishonour, disgrace
illicio -licere -lexi -lectum - entice, seduce
imbecillus -a -um - weak
imbellis -is -e - unwarlike, peaceful, cowardly
imbuo -ere -ui -utum - soak, steep, stain, educate
immunis -is -e - free from, devoid of, untaxed
imprimis (adv.) - especially
indignor -ari -atus - think improper, be angry
indoles -is f. - character, talent
indulgeo -re -dulsi -dultum (+ dat.) - be kind to, yield to
infandus -a -um - unspeakable, monstrous
infectus -a -um - not done, not accomplished
re infecta - without accomplishing anything
innoxius -a -um - harmless, innocent
inops (gen. inopis) - poor, in need of (+ gen.)
insector -ari -atus - pursue, attack
insequor -sequi -secutus - come next, pursue, attack
insolens (gen. -entis) - unaccustomed, unusual, excessive,
arrogant
intermitto -ere -misi -missum - leave an interval, interrupt, discontinue
interpello (1) - interrupt, interfere with
intervenio -ire -veni -ventum - happen, interrupt, come in the
middle of (+ dat.)
invius -a -um - pathless, impassable
irritus -a -um - useless, vain
iugulum -i n. - throat
51
labefacio -facere -feci -factum - make to totter, shake, weaken
labefacto (1) - make to totter, weaken, overthrow
lambo -ere lambi lambitum - lick, flow by, wash
langueo -re - be faint, weary, listless
lanio (1) - tear to pieces, lacerate
largior -iri -itus - give freely, lavish
latro (1) - bark
laurus -i f. - bay-tree, laurel
laxo (1) - undo, slacken, release
laxus -a -um - loose, slack
lenio -ire -ivi -itum - mitigate, assuage, pacify
lepidus -a -um - pleasant, charming, smart
lepus -oris m. - hare
libo (1) - taste, sip, make offering or libation
libra -ae f. - pair of scales
licentia -ae f. - freedom, lawlessness, licence
linea -ae f. - line
linter -tris f. - boat
luctor -ari -atus - wrestle, struggle
lustro (1) - purify, traverse, survey
lustrum -i n. - purificatory sacrifice, period of five years
lutum -i n. - mud
luxus -us m. - extravagance, excess
macto (1) - sacrifice, afflict with
madeo -re -ui - be wet
madidus -a -um - wet, drenched
maleficium -i n. - wrongdoing, harm
mancus -a -um - maimed, crippled
mano (1) - trickle, flow, spread
matutinus -a -um - in the morning
metior -iri mensus - measure, traverse
mico -are micui - flicker, quiver, flash
minores -um m.pl. - posterity
molestus -a -um - troublesome, annoying
mollio -ire -ivi -itum - soften, moderate
mollitia -ae f. and mollities -ei f. - softness, weakness
mulceo -re mulsi mulsum - stroke, soothe, caress, flatter
munimentum -i n. - defence, protection
nares -ium f.pl. - nose, nostrils
naufragium -i n. - shipwreck
necessarii -orum m.pl. - relatives, friends
necessitudo -inis f. - necessity, relationship, friendship
necto -ere nexui (or nexi) nexum - fasten together
nempe - certainly, doubtless, to be sure
nidus -i m. - nest
nimirum - without doubt, certainly, doubtless
(ironical)
Notus -i m. - south wind
52
nummus -i m. - coin, money
nux nucis f. - nut
obduco -ere -duxi -ductum - bring or place against, cover over
oblecto (1) - delight, amuse
obruo -ere -ui -utum - overwhelm, swamp, destroy
obscenus -a -um - of evil omen, filthy, disgusting
obsecro (1) - appeal, entreat
obtempero (1) (+ dat.) - comply with, obey
occumbo -ere -cubui -cubitum
(mortem or morte) - fall dying, die
offendo -ere -fendi -fensum - hit against, come across, meet with,
blunder, offend
officina -ae f. - workshop
oleo -re olui - smell (intrans.), smack of
oleum -i n. - oil
opimus -a -um - rich, sumptuous
opprobrium -i n. - reproach, disgrace
optimates -um m.pl. - the aristocratic party
ordior -iri -orsus - begin
pagus -i m. - district, village
pango -ere panxi - compose; (in perf. forms pepigi
pactum) fix, settle, agree upon, contract
parricida -ae c. - murderer of a parent, parricide
partior -iri -itus - share, divide
parturio -ire -ivi - be in labour, bring forth, produce
partus -us m. - birth, offspring
passer -eris m. - sparrow
passim - in all directions
patricius -a -um - patrician, noble
peiero or periuro (1) - perjure oneself
penes (+ acc.) - in the power of
penetralia -ium n.pl. - interior (esp. of a building), innermost
parts
percontor -ari -atus - question, enquire
percutio -cutere -cussi -cussum - hit hard, kill, shock
perditus -a -um - ruined, desperate, reckless
perinde (with ac, atque, ut) - just as, exactly as
pernicies -ei f. - destruction, ruin
pernix (gen. -icis) - quick, nimble
perpetro (1) - achieve, perform, commit
persona -ae f. - mask, part, character, role
persto -are -stiti -statum - stand fast, hold out, persist
pictor -oris m. - painter
pignus -oris n. - pledge, (in pl.) children
plango -ere planxi planctum - beat, lament
plumbum -i n. - lead
poculum -i n. - cup, drink, potion
polluo -ere -ui -utum - pollute, desecrate, defile
populares -ium m.pl. - popular party, democrats
53
porrigo -ere porrexi porrectum - stretch out, offer
praecipio -cipere -cepi -ceptum - give instructions, warn
praeco -onis m. - crier, auctioneer
praeditus -a -um - endowed with (+ abl.)
praeteritus -a -um - past
prandeo -re prandi - take morning meal
prandium -i n. - morning meal, lunch
pransus -a -um - having eaten lunch, breakfasted
pravus -a -um - crooked, perverse, bad
pridem (often iampridem) - long ago
procella -ae f. - storm
proclivis -is -e - downhill, liable to
prodigium -i n. - sign, portent
prodigus -a -um - lavish, wasteful
progenies -ei f. - descendants, progeny
proinde (with ac, atque, quasi, ut) - in the same way, equally, just
proles -is f. - offspring
pronus -a -um - face-down, headlong, inclined to
pudicus -a -um - modest, pure
pudicitia -ae f. - modesty, chastity
pulso (1) - beat, strike, disturb
pungo -ere pupugi punctum - prick, sting
puter or putris -tris -tre - rotten, decaying, crumbling
putidus -a -um - rotten, disgusting
quadrigae -arum f.pl. - four-horse chariot
quaeso -ere -ivi - beg, beseech, pray
quamprimum - as soon as possible
quercus -us f. - oak
rabidus -a -um - mad, raving
rabies -em -e f. - rage, frenzy
rado -ere rasi rasum - scrape, shave, graze
ratus -a -um - fixed, settled, certain
recordor -ari -atus - remember, recall
redigo -ere -egi -actum - bring back, bring or reduce to a state,
make, render
redoleo -re -olui - smell (of)
regula -ae f. - rule, standard, pattern
relego (1) - send away, banish
repugno (1) - oppose, resist (+ dat.)
reputo (1) - think over, reflect on
resono (1) - resound, re-echo
respicio -ere -spexi -spectum - look back, pay attention to
retego -ere -texi -tectum - uncover
revertor -i -verti (act.)
(part. reversus) - return
sagax (gen. -acis) - keen, shrewd
sancio -ire sanxi sanctum - consecrate, confirm, ratify
sane - indeed
sanies -em -e f. - putrid blood
54
satio (1) - fill, glut, satisfy
satur -ura -urum - fed full, sated
scilicet - of course, certainly, doubtless (ironic)
scrutor -ari -atus - examine carefully
secedo -ere -cessi -cessum - withdraw, retire
secerno -ere -crevi -cretum - separate, distinguish
securis -is f. - axe
sedulus -a -um - diligent, industrious
seiungo -ere -iunxi -iunctum - separate
semita -ae f. - path
sempiternus -a -um - everlasting
serpo -ere serpsi serptum - creep, crawl
sicarius -i m. - assassin
sincerus -a -um - pure, whole, genuine
socer -eri m. - father-in-law
societas -atis f. - partnership, alliance
solacium -i n. - comfort, relief
solidus -a -um - solid, firm, real
sortior -iri -itus - cast lots (for), allot, receive, obtain
sospes (gen. -itis) - safe, unharmed
specus -us m. - cave
spelunca -ae f. - cave
spina -ae f. - thorn
spondeo -re spopondi sponsum - promise, vow
stabulum -i n. - quarters for animals
stagnum -i n. - pool, swamp
status -us m. - position, situation, state
sterilis -is -e - barren, unfruitful
stirps stirpis f. - stem, root, family, offspring, origin
stolidus -a -um - stupid
strages -is f. - heap of things destroyed, carnage
strideo -re stridi
(and strido -ere -di) - creak, grate, hiss, etc.
stridor -oris m. - creaking, hissing, grating noise
stupeo -re -ui - be stunned, astounded
stupor -oris m. - astonishment, numbness
subigo -ere -egi -actum - subdue
sublimis -is -e - high, raised high
subtilis -is -e - fine, delicate, precise
succedo -ere -cessi -cessum - go up, approach, follow after, relieve,
succeed
suppono -ere -posui -positum - substitute
suspirium -i n. - sigh
suspiro (1) - sigh
tabeo -re - melt, waste away
tabes -is f. - wasting disease, plague
tabesco -ere tabui - waste away, pine, decay
tardo (1) - hinder, delay
temerarius -a -um - rash, thoughtless
55
tempestivus -a -um - at the right time, timely, ripe
tenax (gen. -acis) - gripping, sticky, firm
tepeo -re - be quite warm
tepidus -a -um - moderately warm, tepid
tero -ere trivi tritum - rub, wear out, use up
testudo -inis f. - tortoise(-shell)
texo -ere texui textum - weave
thalamus -i m. - room, bedroom, marriage
tingo -ere tinxi tinctum - wet, soak, dye
tolero (1) - bear, endure, support, nourish
tondeo -re totondi tonsum - cut, clip, shear
trabs trabis f. - beam
tracto (1) - handle, manage, deal with
tragoedia -ae f. - tragedy
transfuga -ae m. - deserter
transigo -ere -egi -actum - finish, settle, pass, spend
transversus -a -um - going or lying across
triclinium -i n. - dinner-couch, dining room
tropaeum -i n. - trophy, memorial of victory, victory
trudo -ere trusi trusum - push, shove
tumeo -re - swell
tumesco -ere tumui - swell, be puffed up
tumidus -a -um - swollen
tutela -ae f. - protection, care, guardianship
tutor -ari -atus - watch, guard, protect
uber -eris n. - udder, teat
uber (gen. -eris) - rich, fertile, plentiful
uterus -i m. - womb
uva -ae f. - bunch of grapes
uvidus -a -um - wet, moist
vagus -a -um - wandering, roving
velo (1) - cover, veil
venter -tris m. - belly
venus veneris f. - grace, charm
venustus -a -um - lovely, charming
verecundus -a -um - shy, modest
vergo -ere - turn, incline
verro -ere verri versum - sweep, brush, sweep along
vescor -i (+ abl.) - feed on
vetustus -a -um - ancient
vibro (1) - brandish, shake, quiver
videlicet - clearly, namely, that is
vilis -is -e - cheap, poor, worthless
vindex -icis m. - champion, avenger
vindico (1) - protect, appropriate, avenge
violo (1) - harm, violate, break
viscera -um n.pl. - inwards, entrails, inmost parts
vitio (1) - spoil
vitreus -a -um - of glass, glassy, transparent
56
vocabulum -i n. - word, name
vociferor -ari -atus - shout
voluto (1) - roll about, ponder
vomo -ere -ui -itum - vomit, discharge, emit
voro (1) - devour
vulgo (1) - publish
Zephyrus -i m. - west wind
VIII
abhorreo -re -ui (with a/ab + abl.) - be averse to, be far from
abrogo (1) - repeal, annul
accipiter -tris m. - hawk
actio -onis f. - lawsuit, pleading of a case
acus -us f. - needle
adhibeo -re -ui -itum - apply, bring to, call in
adopertus -a -um - covered
advena -ae c. - foreigner, stranger (and as adj.)
aerumna -ae f. - trouble, distress
afflatus -us m. - breath, blast, inspiration
alioqui(n) - in other respects, otherwise
ambages -um f.pl. - winding route, evasion, digression
ambitio -onis f. - canvassing, attempt to gain favour,
ambition
ambitus -us m. - bribery
amictus -us m. - cloak
annona -ae f. - corn, price of corn
anser -eris m. - goose
aper -pri m. - wild boar
arcanus -a -um - secret, mysterious
argutus -a -um - bright, clear, shrill
arista -ae f. - ear of corn
armentum -i n. - herd
arrideo -re -risi -risum (+ dat.) - smile upon (with approval)
aveo -re - be eager, long for, crave
bacchor -ari -atus - revel, rave, rage
belua -ae f. - beast, monster
bruma -ae f. - winter
bucina -ae f. - trumpet
bustum -i n. - tomb
cacumen -inis n. - tip, summit
cadus -i m. - large jar
caelebs (gen. -ibis) - unmarried
caenum -i n. - mud, dirt
caespes -itis m. - turf, sod
caestus -us m. - boxing-glove
calcar -aris n. - spur
calco (1) - tread, trample
57
caliga -ae f. - soldier's boot
caligo -inis f. - fog, darkness
callis -is m. - mountain track
carbasa -orum n.pl. - sails
casa -ae f. - hut, cottage
caterva -ae f. - crowd
caupona -ae f. - inn, tavern
cautes -is f. - sharp rock
claudus -a -um - lame, crippled
compello (1) - address
compes -edis f. - fetter, shackle
compos (gen. -otis) (+ gen.) - in control of
concinnus -a -um - neat, elegant
conclave -is n. - room
congeries -ei f. - heap, pile, mass
conscisco -ere -scivi -scitum - bring on oneself
mortem sibi consciscere - commit suicide
contumacia -ae f. - stubbornness, arrogance
contumax (gen. -acis) - stubborn, insolent
contumelia -ae f. - abuse, insult
convicium -i n. - abuse, reviling
cornix -icis f. - crow
corvus -i m. - raven
crassus -a -um - thick, dense
crudus -a -um - raw, unripe, cruel
culter -tri m. - knife
cuneus -i m. - wedge
cuspis -idis f. - point of spear
cycnus -i m. - swan
debilis -is -e - weak, disabled
declamatio -onis f. - (theme for) declamation
deformis -is -e - ugly, disgraceful
defungor -i -functus (+ abl.) - perform, discharge, have done with
delectus -us m. (and dilectus) - selection, levy, recruiting
deliciae -arum f.pl. - pleasure, sport, pet
delitesco -ere -litui - hide, lurk
delubrum -i n. - shrine, temple
demissus -a -um - downcast, humble
deorsum - downwards
deprecor -ari -atus - beg, pray to avert something, pray for
desidia -ae f. - idleness
dicio -onis f. - control, power
diiudico (1) - decide between, distinguish
dis dis dite (gen. ditis) - rich
discrepo -are -ui - disagree, be different
dissero -ere -serui -sertum - examine, discuss, discourse
dissipo (1) - scatter, disperse, squander
divinitus (adv.) - by divine influence or inspiration,
excellently
58
divulgo (1) - publish
dos dotis f. - dowry
edax (gen. -acis) - voracious, devouring
editus -a -um - high, elevated
emetior -iri emensus - pass through, traverse
erudio -ire -ivi -itum - instruct, educate
erus -i m. - master
esca -ae f. - food
esurio -ire -itum - be hungry
evanesco -ere -vanui - vanish, pass away
examen -inis n. - swarm, crowd
excubiae -arum f.pl. - keeping watch
excubo -are -cubui -cubitum - keep watch
exemplar -aris n. - copy, pattern, model
exilis -is -e - thin, feeble, meagre
exordior -iri -orsus - begin (a speech)
exordium -i n. - beginning, prelude, preface
expio (1) - purify, expiate
exprobro (1) - reproach, censure
exsecror -ari -atus - curse
exsequiae -arum f.pl. - funeral procession, rites
exsequor -sequi -secutus - accompany, carry out, fulfil, describe,
avenge
faenus -oris n. - interest (on money lent), profit
faex faecis f. - dregs
falx falcis f. - sickle, pruning-hook
farcio -ire farsi fartum - stuff, cram
fastidium -i n. - distaste, aversion, disgust
fastigium -i n. - gable, top, summit, highest degree
fauces -ium f.pl. - throat, jaws, narrow place
favilla -ae f. - ashes
femur -oris or -inis n. - thigh
feriae -arum f.pl. - holidays
fides -ium f.pl. - lyre
flamen -inis m. - priest
flamen -inis n. - blast, blowing
fornix -icis m. - arch
frugi (indecl. adj.) - honest, upright, temperate, thrifty
fulcio -ire fulsi fultum - prop up, support, strengthen
fulvus -a -um - reddish-brown, tawny
funda -ae f. - sling
funis -is m. - rope
fuscus -a -um - dark
fustis -is m. - stick
fusus -a -um - broad, wide, copious
galea -ae f. - helmet
gallina -ae f. - hen
gallus -i m. - cock
genae -arum f.pl. - cheeks, eyes
59
gestio -ire -ivi -itum - jump for joy, desire strongly, long for
gesto (1) - carry, wield, wear
glaeba -ae f. - lump of earth, clod
glans glandis f. - acorn, bullet
grando -inis f. - hail
grassator -oris m. - highwayman, mugger
grassor -ari -atus - go, proceed, act, attack
gutta -ae f. - drop
guttur -uris n. - throat
hactenus (adv.) - thus far (and no further), so much for
hamus -i m. - hook
harundo -inis f. - reed, anything made of reed
(fishing-rod, arrow, pipe)
haruspex -icis m. - soothsayer (divining by
inspection of entrails)
hebes (gen. -etis) - blunt, dull, stupid
hirundo -inis f. - swallow
histrio -onis m. - actor
horreum -i n. - granary, storehouse
iacto (1) - throw, scatter, harass, utter, boast
iecur -oris n. - liver
ieiunus -a -um - hungry, poor, feeble
immolo (1) - sacrifice
immundus -a -um - unclean, filthy
impendium -i n. - expenditure, cost
impensa -ae f. - expenditure, cost
impertio -ire -ivi -itum - give a share, impart, bestow (+ dat. of
person)
impetro (1) - accomplish, effect, obtain
increpo -are -ui -itum - make a noise, blame, rebuke
incuso (1) - accuse, blame
indigeo -re -ui (+ gen. or abl.) - need, lack, be in want of
industria -ae f. - diligence
de industria - on purpose
inferiae -arum f.pl. - offerings to the dead
inscitia -ae f. - inexperience, ignorance
insons (gen. -ontis) - innocent
instar n. (only nom. and acc.) - image, likeness
instauro (1) - set up, celebrate, renew
insula -ae f. - tenement, block of flats
insulsus -a -um - silly, tasteless
iuba -ae f. - mane
iugerum -i n. - acre
iumentum -i n. - baggage-animal
iurgium -i n. - brawl, quarrel
iustitium -i n. - suspension of legal business, vacation
iuvencus -i m. - bullock
labes -is f. - fall, ruin, destruction
labes -is f. - spot, stain, disgrace
60
lacertus -i m. - arm
laqueus -i m. - noose
lascivus -a -um - frisky, playful, lewd
latrocinium -i n. - highway robbery, piracy
lautus -a -um - elegant, refined, sumptuous
lectica -ae f. - litter, sedan
leno -onis m. - pimp
libro (1) - balance, swing, hurl
limes limitis m. - path, road, track
limus -i m. - mud, slime
linum -i n. - linen, thread
lis litis f. - lawsuit, dispute
lorica -ae f. - cuirass
lorum -i n. - thong, reins (in pl.)
lubricus -a -um - slippery, hazardous
luo -ere lui - pay debt or penalty, atone for
luscus -a -um - one-eyed
macer -cra -crum - lean, skinny, meagre
macies -ei f. - leanness, thinness
macula -ae f. - spot, blemish, fault
mlus -i m. - mast
mansuesco -ere -suevi -suetum - become tame, gentle
mansuetus -a -um - tame, gentle
matertera -ae f. - aunt (maternal)
medulla -ae f. - marrow, innermost part, best part
mentum -i n. - chin
merus -a -um - pure, unmixed, real, mere
merum -i n. - neat wine
messis -is f. - harvest
meta -ae f. - turning-point, goal
metallum -i n. - metal, mine (in pl.)
meto -ere messi messum - reap, harvest
modius -i m. - a measure (of corn), peck
morem gero (+ dat.) - humour, comply with, obey
mucro -onis m. - point (of sword)
mugio -ire -ivi -itum - bellow, roar
multa -ae f. - fine
mundus -a -um - clean, neat, elegant
munia -orum n.pl. - duties, functions
mutuor -ari -atus - borrow
necopinatus -a -um - unexpected
nequam (indecl. adj.) - worthless, bad, wicked
nequitia -ae f. - wickedness
nostras (gen. -atis) - of our country, native
noverca -ae f. - step-mother
noxa -ae f. - hurt, harm, crime
nugae -arum f.pl. - trivialities, nonsense
nurus -us f. - daughter-in-law, young woman
obiurgo (1) - blame, scold, rebuke
61
obnoxius -a -um - indebted to, liable, subject to
(usually + dat.)
obsequium -i n. - obedience, allegiance
obsequor -sequi -secutus (+ dat.) - yield to, indulge
obtestor -ari -atus - call as witness, entreat
obtrecto (1) (+ dat. or acc.) - disparage, carp at
opifex -icis c. - maker, craftsman
opperior -iri -pertus - wait (for)
oppido (adv.) - absolutely, completely
orbo (1) - bereave, deprive of
orbus -a -um - bereft (of family), orphaned, childless
ostrum -i n. - purple
ovo (1) - rejoice, triumph
pactio -onis f. - agreement, contract, bargain
pactum -i n. - agreement, contract
palla -ae f. - robe, dress (of women and actors)
pallium -i n. - cloak
parento (1) - sacrifice to dead relative (esp. in revenge
for their death)
patrimonium -i n. - inheritance, patrimony
patro (1) - accomplish, complete
patruus -i m. - uncle (paternal)
peculium -i n. - private property or savings (esp. of
slave)
pedetemptim - cautiously, gradually
perduellio -onis f. - treason
perhibeo -re -ui -itum - say, assert, call
pessum do (dare dedi datum) - ruin, put an end to
petitio -onis f. - candidature for office
phalerae -arum f.pl. - medallions, horse-brasses
pila -ae f. - ball
plga -ae f. - blow, wound, misfortune
plaga -ae f. - region, tract
plagae -arum f.pl. - hunting-net, snare, trap
polleo -re - be able, be strong
praecordia -orum n.pl. - breast, heart
praeruptus -a -um - steep
praeses -idis c. - protector, guardian, leader
praesto (adv.) - at hand, ready (esp. to help)
pratum -i n. - meadow
proceres -um m.pl. - leading men, chiefs
procerus -a -um - tall, long
profecto (adv.) - actually, really, certainly
propago (1) - extend, increase, prolong
propago -inis f. - offspring
prorsus (adv.) - absolutely, truly, utterly
protervus -a -um - bold, impudent, pert
pubes -is f. - adult males, youth, young men
pugio -onis m. - dagger
62
quandoquidem - since, seeing that
queo -re -ivi -itum - be able
quousque - how long?
rana -ae f. - frog
raucus -a -um - hoarse
reclamo (1) - protest, contradict (loudly)
redintegro (1) - restore, renew
refertus -a -um - stuffed, filled full
repeto -ere -petivi -petitum - revisit, repeat, go back to, begin from
repo -ere repsi reptum - creep, crawl
respuo -ere -ui - reject, refuse, not accept
rete -is n. - net
rigeo -re - be stiff or numb (usu. with cold)
rigo (1) - water
rigor -oris m. - stiffness, hardness, severity
rima -ae f. - crack, chink
rite (adv.) - duly, rightly, according to custom or
religion
ritus -us m. - religious ceremony, ritual
ritu (+ gen.) - in the manner of, like
rixa -ae f. - brawl, quarrel
rogus -i m. - funeral pyre
ros roris m. - dew, water
rubeo -re - be red, blush
ruga -ae f. - wrinkle
saepio -ire saepsi saeptum - enclose, surround, fence
salubris -is -e - healthy, wholesome
salum -i n. - open sea
satelles -itis c. - attendant, member of retinue,
accomplice
satus -a (+ abl.) - child of
scalpo -ere scalpsi scalptum - carve
sciscitor -ari -atus - ask, enquire, question
septemtriones -um m.pl. - north
silex silicis m. - flint, rock
simultas -atis f. - quarrel, enmity, grudge
singultus -us m. - sobbing
solium -i n. - throne
sopio -ire -ivi -itum - put to sleep, lull, calm
sordes -is f. - dirt, filth, meanness, baseness,
stinginess
sordidus -a -um - dirty, low, mean, vile
spatior -ari -atus - walk about, promenade
specimen -inis n. - example, proof, pattern, ideal
spissus -a -um - thick, compact, dense
spuma -ae f. - foam, froth
spumo (1) - foam, froth
squaleo -re -ui - be stiff, rough, filthy
squalidus -a -um - filthy, stiff with dirt
63
stilus -i m. - pen, style
stipes -itis m. - log, trunk of tree
stipo (1) - crowd, compress, stuff, throng round
strenuus -a -um - brisk, vigorous
stuprum -i n. - disgrace, debauchery, rape
subnixus -a -um (+ abl.) - supported by, leaning on
suboles -is f. - offspring
subsellium -i n. - bench
sucus -i m. - juice, sap
sudis -is f. - stake
suffragium -i n. - vote, right of voting
sulcus -i m. - furrow
sumptus -us m. - expense, cost, charge
suppedito (1) - supply, be at hand, be sufficient
surdus -a -um - deaf
sursum (adv.) - upwards, on high
taeda -ae f. - torch (esp. wedding-torch)
taeter -tra -trum - foul, repulsive
tentorium -i n. - tent
tenus (+ gen. or abl.) - as far as
terebro (1) - bore, perforate
teres (gen. -etis) - smooth, polished
tergeo -re tersi tersum - wipe off, wipe dry, clean
tiro -onis m. - recruit, beginner
torpeo -re - be sluggish, dull, listless
torpor -oris m. - numbness, listlessness
torus -i m. - muscle, couch, bed
torvus -a -um - fierce, grim, savage
trames -itis m. - path
trivium -i n. - cross-roads, highway
truculentus -a -um - savage, fierce, grim
truncus -a -um - mutilated, deprived of some important
part
trux (gen. trucis) - savage, fierce, grim
tundo -ere tutudi tunsum (or tusum) - beat, bash, strike
turbo -inis m. - whirlwind, whirling motion
tus turis n. - incense
tussis -is f. - cough
ululo (1) - how, yell
umbo -onis m. - boss of shield, shield
umidus -a -um - damp, wet
umor -oris m. - moisture, liquid
uncus -a -um - hooked, crooked, curved
usura -ae f. - use, interest (on money lent)
usurpo (1) - make use of, employ, practise, name,
call
vacillo (1) - sway, totter, waver
vagina -ae f. - sheath
vapulo (1) - receive a beating or flogging
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vaticinor -ari -atus - prophesy
vecors (gen. vecordis) - foolish, mad
vectigal -alis n. - tax, revenue
vellus -eris n. - fleece
veneo -ire -ivi - be sold
verna -ae c. - slave born in master's house
vernaculus -a -um - native, indigenous
versutus -a -um - versatile, clever, crafty, sly
vesanus -a -um - mad, raging
vexillum -i n. - military flag, banner
viaticum -i n. - travelling-money
viduus -a -um - bereft, deprived of (esp. of husband or
wife)
vilicus -i m. - steward, estate-manager
virga -ae f. - twig, cane
virgulta -orum n.pl. - copse, thicket
virus -i n. - poison
vitta -ae f. - head-band
vitulus -i m. - calf
vulpes -is f. - fox
zona -ae f. - belt
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