TREE ANATOMY

							TREE ANATOMY
TREE CUT-AWAY
WARPS IN LUMBER
     PHOTOSYNTHESIS

   A reaction of organic compounds from
    carbon dioxide and water.
   Light is absorbed by chlorophyll, the
    green pigment present in leaves.
   This creates energy for the tree.
   The by-product off this reaction is
    oxygen.
    DIVISIONS OF TREES

    Coniferous Trees       Deciduous Trees

   Softwood              Hardwood
   Bears needles         Bears leaves
   Evergreens            Lose their leaves
   Bears cones to         in winter
    reproduce             Bears fruits and
                           nuts to reproduce
CONIFEROUS TREES
   (SOFTWOOD)
            Lodgepole Pine

           Pale-yellow
            sapwood is soft.
           Heartwood is deep
            yellow to reddish-
            brown.
           Resinous.
CONIFEROUS TREES
   (SOFTWOOD)
              White Pine

           Straight grain.
           Pale-yellow to
            pale-brown in
            colour.
           Fine resin-duct
            marks.
CONIFEROUS TREES
   (SOFTWOOD)
              Douglas Fir

           One of the
            strongest
            softwoods.
           Straight grain.
           Reddish-brown
            timber.
           Pronounced grain.
CONIFEROUS TREES
   (SOFTWOOD)
             Yellow Spruce

           Non-resinous.
           Creamy-white
            wood.
           Slightly pink
            heartwood.
CONIFEROUS TREES
   (SOFTWOOD)
        Western Red Cedar

           Soft aromatic
            timber.
           Reddish-brown in
            colour.
           Resistant to
            mildew and
            rotting.
CONIFEROUS TREES
   (SOFTWOOD)
             Yellow Cedar

           Pale-yellow even
            textured wood.
           Fine straight
            grain.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
   HARDWOODS
          Ring-porous: clearly
           defined pores along
           the growth ring,
           usually two to three
           high.
          Diffuse-porous: have
           pores distributed
           relatively evenly
           throughout the growth
           ring.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
                Red Oak

           Ring-porous.
           Straight grained.
           Pinkish-red in
            colour.
           $4.50 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
               White Oak

           Ring-porous.
           Straight grained.
           Medium coarse
            texture.
           Whiter wood than
            red oak.
           $6.50 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
                White Ash

           Ring-porous.
           Course but generally
            straight grained
            wood.
           White sapwood.
           Pale-brown
            heartwood.
           $5.50 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
                Red Alder

           Diffuse-porous.
           One of the softest
            hardwoods.
           Can dent with finger
            nail.
           Pale-yellow to
            reddish-brown
            colour.
           $3.75 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
            Western Maple

           Diffuse-porous.
           Softer hardwood.
           Straight grain.
           Light creamy-
            brown colour.
           $3.50 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
        Eastern Rock Maple

           Diffuse-porous.
           Very hard & heavy
            hardwood.
           White sapwood.
           Straight grain.
           $6.50 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
            Bird’s Eye Maple

           Diffuse-porous.
           Very hard & heavy
            hardwood.
           White sapwood.
           Has a lot of eyes
            all over the wood.
           $11.50 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
               White Birch

           Diffuse-porous
           Fine straight grained
            wood.
           Creamy-white
            sapwood.
           Pale-brown
            heartwood.
           $4.75 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
           American Black Cherry

          Diffuse-porous
          Hard straight grained
           wood.
          Heartwood is reddish-
           brown to deep red.
          Brown flecks and some
           gum pockets.
          Looks similar to Western
           Maple.
          $5.75 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
               Black Walnut

           Diffuse-porous.
           Softer hardwood.
           Usually straight
            grained, but can be
            wavy.
           Rich dark brown to
            purplish-black.
           $6.50 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
        Philippine Mahogany

           Diffuse-porous.
           Very open grained
            wood.
           Rough texture.
           Light brown colour.
           $6.75 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
            Honduras Mahogany

           Diffuse-porous.
           Medium textured
            wood.
           Straight grained.
           Heartwood is reddish-
            brown to deep red
            colour.
           $9.65 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
               Purpleheart

           Diffuse-porous.
           Uniform fine to
            medium texture
            wood.
           Grain direction
            changes without
            warning.
           Very hard.
           Attractive purple
            colour.
           $7.50 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
            Orange Padauk

           Diffuse-porous.
           Very hard and
            heavy wood.
           Rich red to purple-
            brown colour with
            red streaks.
           $10.75 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
                 Bubinga

           Diffuse-porous.
           Straight or
            interlocked and
            irregular grain.
           Red-brown in colour,
            with purple veining.
           $12.75 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
                  Wenge

           Diffuse-porous.
           Very coarse textured
            wood.
           Light brown with dark
            purple veins.
           Very hard and heavy
            hardwood.
           $14.75 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
               Zebrawood

           Diffuse-porous.
           Coarse textured
            wood.
           White wood with dark
            brown vein lines.
           Grain direction
            changes without
            warning.
           $17.50 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
                 Cocobolo

           Diffuse-porous.
           Hard, heavy, tough
            wood with irregular
            grain.
           Attractive colour,
            with purple to yellow,
            with black markings.
           $22.75 per bdft.
DECIDUOUS TREES
  (HARDWOOD)
                   Ebony

           Diffuse-porous.
           Hard, dense, and
            heavy wood.
           Fine even texture.
           Straight, irregular or
            wavy grain.
           Dark brown to black
            colour.
           $92.00 per bdft.
MAN-MADE BOARDS
PLYWOOD BOARDS
          Decorative
           plywood.
          Three-ply board.
          Multi-ply.
          Hardwood
           plywood.
          Fir core plywood.
PARTICLE BOARDS
           Single-layer
            chipboard.
           Three-layer
            chipboard.
           Melamine
            chipboard.
           Oriented-strand
            board.
           Flakeboard.
FIBREBOARDS
        High-density (HM)
         board.
        Low-density (LM)
         board.
        Medium-density
         fibreboard (MDF).
        Oak-veneered MDF
         board.
        Standard hardboard.
        Tempered hardboard.
        Embossed hardboard.
        Decorative-faced
         hardboard.
        Perforated hardboard.
        HARDWOOD PLYWOOD VS.
           SOLID HARDWOOD
          PRO’S                     CON’S

   Does not warp like       Have to glue solid
    solid lumber will.        lumber on the end
   Cut the size you          grain to hide the core
    want. No need to          of the plywood.
    glue up panels.
   Cheaper than solid       Exceptable to dents
    woods.                    and scratches,
   Uses less trees to        exposing the core of
    make hardwood             the plywood.
    plywood, than using      Appearance not as
    solid lumber.             nice as solid lumber.
THE END!