SOUTH ASIA LAUNCH OF GLOBAL CAMPAIGN
MAKING CITIES RESILIENT
MY CITY IS GETTING READY
New Delhi
June 8-9, 2010
BUILDING
AND
ZONING REGULATIONS
AND
THEIR ENFORCEMENT
By
Prof. Amit Bose
VIGYAN BHAWAN, New Delhi
JUNE 9, 2010
Well Designed Building …
Great Complexity of Systems Consisting of
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
To Achieve A Single Operational Built
Environment
Structural Vs Nonstructural Elements
Structural
SUPPORTING SKELETON
OR
SHELL
Nonstructural
FABRIC OR CLADDING THAT ENCLOSES THE
BUILDING
AND
DEFINES ITS INTERIOR SPACES
Present Day
Complexities……
Needs of Society
Demands of Highly Advanced and Technology
Oriented Culture
GROWING COMPLEXITIES AND DEMANDS
General agreement among experts
MANY MORE THINGS MAY GO WRONG IN
FUTURE THAN YESTERDAY OR EVEN TODAY
Nonstructural Components
ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS
MECHANICAL COMPONENTS
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
PLUMBING COMPONENTS
BUILDING CONTENTS AND EQUIPMENTS
Economic And Functional Loss
ECONOMIC LOSS:
1. Direct
2. Indirect
Value may be
As high as 80 to 90% and
As low as 20 to 30%
FUNCTIONAL LOSS:
1. Damage to function due to component failure or
system failure
2. Disruption created by repairs of architectural
and other nonstructural components
PRESENT INDIAN CODES : PHILOSOPHY
(PERFORMANCE CRITERIA)
RESISIT MINOR EARTHQUAKES
WITHOUT DAMAGE
RESIST MODERATE EARTHQUAKES
WITH NON STRUCTURAL DAMAGE
AND SOME REPAIRABLE DAMAGE
RESIST MAJOR CATASTROPIC
EARTHQUAKE WITHOUT COLLAPSE
MINIMUM STANDARAD :
PUBLIC SAFETY WITH
SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE
PROBLEMS
THE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE THAT CAN
BE EXPECTED FROM A BUILDING
DESIGNED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
CODE IS NOT EXPLICIT
AND
OWNERS RARELY RECOGNISE THAT
CODE PERMITS SUBSTANTIAL
DAMAGE WHICH RESULTS IN
LARGE CAPITAL LOSS
FUNCTIONAL & BUSINESS INTERRUPTION
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE OF
NON-STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS -
PRESENT STATUS
Due importance is not extended yet
Seldom evaluated for earthquake
resistance
CODAL PROVISIONS
IS: 1893-2002 (Part-1) CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES
(Part 1. : General Provision and Buildings)
- CODE OF PRACTICE
IS: 4326-1993 EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS – CODE OF PRACTICE
IS: 13920-1993 DUCTILE DETAILING OF REINFORCED
CONCRETE STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO SEISMIC
FORCES – CODE OF PRACTICE
IS: 13935-1993 REPAIR AND SEISMIC STRENGTHENING OF
BUILDINGS – GUIDELINES
IS: 13828-1993 IMPROVING EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE
OF LOW STRENGTH MASONARY BUILDINGS - GUIDLINES
IS: 13827-1993 IMPROVING EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE
OF EARTHEN BUILDINGS – GUIDELINES
PART 2 – Liquid Retaining Structures, PART 3 – Bridges & Retaining
Walls, PART 4 – Industrial Structures including stock like structure,
PART 5 – Dams & Embankments
COUNTRY SPECIFIC RETROFITTING
STRATEGIES
MANUALS,GUIDELINES,CODES ARE REQUIRED
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS AS PER
FUNCTION AND STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
INVENTORY OF NON-STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
FOR DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF BUILDINGS –
SCHOOL,HOSPITALS,TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
ETC.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF RETROFITTING
• CONSEQUENCES OF DAMAGE-
BUILDING FUNCTION OR PERFORMANCE
• COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
WHETHER TO RETROFIT OR NOT
HOW MUCH TO RETROFIT
AS PER LEVEL OF SAFETY
• INCLUSION OF RETROFITTING OF
NON-STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN THE POLICY
FRAMEWORK
Zone II
Zone III
Zone IV
Zone V
DIFFERENT ACTORS IN THE COMMUNITY AND
THEIR RELATIONSHIP IN CREATION OF BUILT
FORM
OWNER/
COMMUNITY
ARCHITECT
CONTRACTOR
CONSULTANT
SUPERVISORY
GEO-TECHNICAL & STAFF
STRUCTURAL (C.O.W)
ENGINEER
STATUTORY MATERIAL
BODY SUPPLIER