MGMT459 Chapter 11: Ledership
Multiple Choice Questions
11.1. Which statement is true?
A. Not all groups require a leader.
B. Leadership is power over other people.
C. Good leaders are innately qualified to manage people.
D. A group's success or failure depends, ultimately, on its leader.
E. Groups prefer to be leaderless rather than led.
11.2. The romance of leadership explains:
A. why leaders are loved.
B. why so much theory is devoted to the concept of leadership.
C. people’s tendency to overestimate a leader’s influence and control.
D. why most assume that leadership is an inborn talent.
E. sex differences in leadership.
11.3. Leadership is best defined as:
A. forcing others to do one’s bidding.
B. power over people.
C. an innate skill in taking charge.
D. knowing how to work well with people.
E. guidance of others in their pursuits.
11.4. It is "a reciprocal, transactional, transformational, cooperative, and goal-seeking process in which individuals are
permitted to influence and motivate others." What is being described?
A. power
B. influence
C. an agentic state
D. leadership
11.5. Because leadership is a ____ process, an effective leader often heightens members' motivation and performance
levels.
A. coercive
B. transformational
C. transactional
D. cooperative
E. reciprocal
11.6. Which two dimensions or factors are highlighted in nearly all theories of leadership?
A. Task and relationship orientation.
B. Status and power.
C. Communication and influence.
D. Conflict and authority.
11.7. According to the text, leadership is closely associated with what two aspects of the group?
A. fighting and fleeing
B. conflict and authority
C. status and power
D. task and interpersonal relations
11.8. Alice is a ___ leader: she let's her employees know what is expected of them. She organizes her work force, sets
definite standards for performance, and gives frequent feedback of employee progress.
A. least preferred
B. relationship oriented
C. task oriented
D. production focused
11.9. The person who directs the group’s efforts toward getting the job done is the ___ leader, whereas the person who
takes care of the interpersonal relations in the group is the ____ leader.
A. autocratic; democratic
B. democratic; autocratic
C. task-oriented; relationship-oriented
D. relationship-oriented; task-oriented
E. situational; personal
MGMT459 Chapter 11: Ledership
11.10. The theory of "leadership substitutes" argues that:
A. in some cases leadership is unnecessary and/or unlikely.
B. the need for a leader is influenced only by members' basic needs.
C. groups should be organized so that leaders are unnecessary.
D. groups work best when each member substitutes as the leader.
11.11. Task is to ___ as relationship is to ___.
A. successful; unsuccessful
B. manly; womanly
C. approach; avoidance
D. function; process
E. agentic; communal
11.12. "If it wasn't for Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., racial equality would never have been achieved." This statement is
consistent with the ___ view of leadership.
A. situational
B. great leaders
C. Zeitgeist
D. interactionism
11.13. The ___ theory of leadership argues that the success and failure of nations and empires is determined by the skills
and abilities of their leaders.
A. great leader
B. Zeitgeist
C. situational forces
D. contingency
11.14. According to the ___ approach to leadership, leaders possess unique personality characteristics that enable them to
lead others.
A. situational
B. trait
C. Zeitgeist
D. interactionism
11.15. The interactional model of leadership assumes:
A. that leaders interact with their followers.
B. leaders and followers influence, and are influenced by, each other and the situation.
C. that once a leader manages to emerge, he or she will perform effectively as a leader.
D. leaders interact with one another.
11.16. "I think a good leader should be intelligent, responsible, competitive, and well-balanced." I probably take a(n) ___
approach to leadership.
A. interactionism
B. transactional
C. situationism
D. trait
MGMT459 Chapter 11: Ledership
11.17. Great Leader Theory is to Zeitgeist Theory as ____ is to ____.
A. contingency; trait
B. situation; trait
C. trait; contingency
D. Tolstoy; Carlyle
E. trait; situation
11.18. Most researchers now believe that:
A. some people are born with characteristics that make them good leaders.
B. a good leader in one group will be a good leader in another group.
C. a leader's effectiveness depends on the leader, group members, and the situation.
D. leadership is an inborn talent.
MGMT459 Chapter 11: Ledership
11.19. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Leadership is an inborn talent.
B. Good leaders are well liked by others.
C. Leadership partly depends on the situation.
D. Men are better leaders than women.
E. Leadership emergence is a rational, fair process.
11.20. Which statement is true?
A. Height and leadership emergence are correlated at around .80.
B. Group members usually prefer an extremely intelligent leader.
C. Quantity of group participation is too often a more important determinant of leadership emergence than is quality
of participation
D. Personality factors are unrelated to leadership emergence.
E. Short people cannot be good leaders.
11.21. Studies of personality and leadership suggest that leaders tend to be:
A. extraverted, agreeable, conscientious, stable, and smart.
B. authoritarian, introverted, liberal, and well-adjusted.
C. physically attractive, strong, and well-groomed.
D. memorable, talkative, and willing to take responsibility.
E. quick-witted, insightful, well-adjusted, and dynamic.
11.22. According to the text, which statement is true?
A. When a man and a woman vie for leadership in a group, the woman usually wins.
B. A lone man in an otherwise all-woman group tends to become the group's leader.
C. Women who are dominant are usually considered to be good leaders.
D. In mixed-sex groups, women tend to display more leadership behaviors than men.
E. Asian Americans tend to be selected to lead groups when ethnic diversity is high.
11.23. The implicit leadership theory (ILT) of leadership emergence argues that:
A. people who think of themselves as leaders become leaders.
B. a good leader has a "mental theory" of good leadership.
C. leadership emergence is a random process.
D. leadership emergence is influenced by members' personal theories about leaders.
E. quantity, rather than quality, is an important determinant of leadership.
11.24. Which statement is true?
A. People can't be trained to be good leaders.
B. Good leaders make friends with their subordinates.
C. Group members are often biased against women leaders.
D. Leadership depends on the situation, rather than the leader's traits.
11.25. Lewin's formula, B = f(P,E) is best operationalized in:
A. the trait model of leadership.
B. the situational model of leadership.
C. Fiedler's contingency theory.
D. implicit leadership theories of leader emergence.
E. leadership substitutes theory.
11.26. According to Fiedler, ___ is the critical personality factor that determines leader effectiveness.
A. intelligence
B. task skill
C. dominance
D. gender
E. motivational style (LPC score)
11.27. Fiedler measures leadership style by asking people to rate:
A. how they react in leadership settings.
B. their ideal conception of a leader.
C. previous leaders they have known.
D. their least preferred co-worker.
MGMT459 Chapter 11: Ledership
11.28. Fiedler uses the Least Preferred Coworker scale to measure the leader's:
A. intelligence.
B. leadership style.
C. task skill.
D. dominance.
11.29. High LPC is to Low LPC as ____ is to ____.
A. good leadership; poor leadership
B. autocratic; democratic
C. product-focused; people-focused
D. relationship-oriented; task-oriented
11.30. According to Fiedler, the favorability of the leadership situation is NOT influenced by the:
A. quality of leader/member relations.
B. structure of the task.
C. leader's position and power.
D. group's cohesiveness.
11.31. A low LPC leader will be most effective in situations that are:
A. neutral in favorability.
B. very unfavorable
C. somewhat unfavorable.
D. novel, involving, or dynamic.
E. routine and simple.
11.32. Fiedler predicts that relationship oriented leaders are more effective than task oriented leaders in ___ situations.
A. extremely unfavorable
B. extremely favorable
C. intermediate
D. both a and b
11.33. Joe has been hired to supervise the press operators in a print shop. He has authority to run the shop as he
chooses, and the press operators are aware of their job duties and appear to be eager to follow his orders. Fiedler's
model would predict that if Joe has a ___ style of leadership he will be effective in this situation.
A. task-oriented
B. task and relationship-oriented
C. relationship-oriented
D. laissez-faire
11.34. The leader MATCH training program developed by Fiedler suggests leaders should be trained to
A. be high LPCs.
B. be low LPCs.
C. change the situation to fit their style.
D. reduce the ambiguity of group goals.
11.35. What are the two dimensions underlying Blake and Mouton's leadership theory?
A. concern for people; concern for production
B. helping people; harming people
C. communication; performance
D. cooperation; competition
11.36. Hersey and Blanchard's life cycle theory argues that:
A. leaders can be both task oriented and relationship oriented.
B. leaders must maintain their leadership style once it is chosen for a particular situation.
C. the group should be manipulated to ensure leadership effectiveness.
D. the trait approach should be applied to improve leadership.
MGMT459 Chapter 11: Ledership
11.37. According to Hersey and Blanchard's situational model, an effective leader must
A. adapt their style to fit the needs of the group situation.
B. be highly task oriented and socioemotional.
C. be more socioemotional than task oriented.
D. change the situation to match their leadership style.
E. be more task oriented than socioemotional.
11.38. A new committee has been formed to discuss production procedures and you are put in charge. According to
situational leadership theory developed by Hersey and Blanchard, for the first few weeks you should use a(n) ___
leadership style.
A. high task
B. all relationship
C. low task and low relationship
D. high task and high relationship
11.39. Hersey and Blanchard (1976) identify four different styles of leadership: (1) high task/high relationship, (2) high
task/low relationship, (3) low task/high relationship, and (4) low task/low relationship. They also suggest that
different leadership styles are needed at different times, and recommend the following sequence:
A. 1-2-3-4.
B. 2-1-3-4.
C. 1-3-2-4.
D. 3-2-4-1.
E. 2-3-4-1.
11.40. Fiedler's and Hersey-Blanchard's theories are similar in that they:
A. argue good leaders must change their style to fit the setting.
B. predict that high task/high relationship leadership is best.
C. are consistent with the Lewin/Lippitt/White study.
D. argue that some situations require no leader.
E. are contingency theories.
11.41. Leader-member exchange theory, or LMX, unlike other theories of leadership stresses the:
A. quality of the relationship between the leader and each of his or her subordinates.
B. how the leader adjusts to situational demands.
C. leader's emphasis on task versus socioemotional demands.
D. leaders ability to enhance, or transform, group members' motivational levels.
E. group members' perceptions of their leader.
11.42. In the Lewin/Lippitt/White study, reliance on the leader, critical discontent, and demands for attention were greater
in groups with ___ leaders.
A. autocratic
B. laissez-faire
C. democratic
D. leaderless
11.43. The Lewin/Lippitt/White research demonstrated that:
A. laissez-faire groups spent more time working than other groups.
B. autocratic groups spent more time working when the leader was absent.
C. autocratic groups displayed more aggression.
D. democratic groups were clearly superior.
E. laissez-faire groups were best liked.
11.44. According to Bass (1997), charismatic, transformational leaders tend to:
A. express their convictions clearly and stress the importance of trust.
B. provide encouragement and meaning for group members.
C. stimulate others to develop new perspectives and ways of doing things.
D. deal with others as individuals.
E. all of the above.
MGMT459 Chapter 11: Ledership
11.45. Studies of men and women in leadership roles indicate that:
A. women leaders are more autocratic than men leaders.
B. women leaders are more transformational than men leaders.
C. group members perceive male and female leaders differently.
D. stereotypes about the sexes don't influence leadership behavior.
E. men are more effective leaders than women.
11.46. A leader often emerges in a group when the:
A. task to be completed is complex and unstructured.
B. group grows in size.
C. group faces a crisis.
D. task to be completed requires collective effort.
E. all of the above.
11.47. Which adjective is NOT consistent with the text's analysis of leadership?
A. coercive
B. transformational
C. transactional
D. goal-seeking
E. reciprocal
11.48. Renee manages by regulating behavior, monitoring communication, and reducing goal ambiguity. She is a ___
leader.
A. relationship-oriented
B. transformational
C. transactional
D. task-oriented
E. reciprocal
11.49. "History would have been totally different if Hitler or Napoleon had died as children." This statement reflects ___
theory.
A. great-leader
B. individual-differences
C. interactionist
D. contingency
E. Zeitgeist
11.50. Most modern theories of leadership emphasize ____ factors.
A. personality
B. situational
C. trait-like
D. synergistic
E. the interaction of both personal and situational
11.51. To avoid becoming the leader of the group you should
A. attend all meetings.
B. speak enthusiastically about the leadership role.
C. violate group members' implicit leader theories.
D. talk a good deal but not make much sense.
E. seem highly skilled at the task.
11.52. According to theory, people who have high LPC scores:
A. dislike the least preferred coworker.
B. are task-oriented.
C. are relationship-oriented.
D. are good leaders in all situations.
11.53. In Blake and Mouton's production versus people grid, the ___ leader focuses on getting the job done no matter
what the interpersonal costs.
A. 1,1 B. 1,9 C. 9,1 D. 9,9
MGMT459 Chapter 11: Ledership
11.54. Unlike Fiedler, Hersey and Blanchard argue that:
A. the key determinant of leadership effectiveness is position power.
B. situational variables do not influence leadership effectiveness.
C. a leader can be both task-oriented and relationship-oriented.
D. the situation should be modified to suit the leader's style.
E. leadership involves primarily task skills.
11.55. The classic Lewin/Lippitt/White study did not include a(n) ____ condition.
A. autocratic
B. laissez-faire
C. democratic
D. leaderless