Plant
Structure and Function
Angiosperm structure
Root system depends on shoot for organic molecules
Shoot system depends on root for water and nutrients
Organ vs. tissue
Plant tissues
Nonwoody plants: Epidermis
Wood plants: Periderm replaces
epidermis
Water/nutrient absorption vs.
cuticle
Root and stem vascular tissue:
stele
Ground tissue INTERNAL to
vascular: pith
Ground tissue EXTERNAL to
vascular: cortex
Protoplast: Cell contents
EXCLUDING the cell wall
Plant tissues
Plant tissues
For your assigned organ, either list examples of form
follows function OR describe the basic structure of it
(including tissues and difference between monocot
and eudicot). Be prepared to explain
1 – Leaf form follows 5 – Leaf structure (688)
function 6- Stem structure (687)
2 – Stem form follows 7 - Root structure (685)
function
3 – Root form follows
function
Plant growth
Indeterminate vs. determinate
growth
Annuals vs. biennials vs.
perennials
Apical meristems primary
growth
Lateral meristems secondary
growth
When does growth happen?
Plant structure
Plant growth
Secondary
growth
Plant concept map
Start your concept map with the following categories
Plant
Reproduction Structure Regulation transport
Think carefully how you want to integrate the
diagrams. They can be hand drawn or cut out from
the internet. Many terms can be used to label diagram
(still need to be connected to 2 other terms with
connecting phrase)
Over the weekend, write out terms, and begin finding
connections between terms
Water potential review
Transport regulation: Root pressure
Aquaporins: Increase the RATE of osmosis
Cell membrane vs. vacuolar membrane
(tonoplast)
Symplast vs. apoplast
Root pressure
Diffusion is only efficient over VERY small distances (less
than 100 μm)
Bulk flow (driven by pressure)
Pathway of water and minerals
Guttation: Root pressure can only push
water up 2-3 m. What
mechanism delivers water to
the top of a Redwood tree?
Increasing SA:
Root hairs and
mycorrhizae
Transpiration
Push (+ Ψ) or pull (- Ψ)?
Ψ outside leaf < Ψ inside leaf
Direction of water vapor? TRANSPIRATION!
How could this
allow water to
move upward?
Film lining air
spaces curves as
vapor leaves
↑ radius ↓ Ψ
Transpiration-
Cohesion
Water pulled
toward airspace
film, which
pulls on
COLUMN of
water molecules
(cohesion and
adhesion)
Transpiration lab instructions
Place plant into tubing
UNDER water. Check
to ensure there are no
air bubbles. Use
petroleum jelly to seal
Prediction,
interpretation of
conditions
Why change units to
mL/m2?
Mark which data must
be filled in
Stomatal opening/closing
Photosynthesis/transpiration compromise
Sunny, warm, windy days increase evaporation, why?
Adaptations to water loss: Cuticle, biochemical
pathways (xerophytes)
Light: Stimulates membrane proton pumpsK+
accumulation Osmosis makes guard cells turgid
Stomata open
Depletion of CO2 stomata open
Circadian rhythm,
Phloem movement
Plant reproduction
Plant reproduction
Double fertilization
1 sperm egg
(zygote- 2n)
1 sperm 2 polar
nuclei (3n)
endosperm
Embryo development
Seed structure
Ovule seed
Ovary fruit
(controlled by
hormones)
Simple (peach, pea
pod, nut) vs. aggregate
(raspberry) vs.
multiple (pineapple)
Seed germination
Phototropism experiments
Phototropism
experiment
(Went)
Extracted the
chemical
messenger
(auxin)
Plant hormones
Know table on pg. 794. Auxin, cytokinins,
gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene