From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bad Rotenfels
Bad Rotenfels
Bad Rotenfels Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Bad Rotenfels Website www.bad-rotenfels.de
City of Gaggenau
Bad Rotenfels is a district in the city of Gaggenau, district
of Rastatt, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located
some 8 km northeast of Baden-Baden.
Bad Rotenfels, Gaggenau in the Murg Valley
Coat of Arms of the town of Bad Rotenfels, pre-1970
History
Coordinates 48°48′14″N 8°19′10″E / 48.80389°N 8.31944°E /
Origins in the Middle Ages
48.80389; 8.31944Coordinates: 48°48′14″N The township of Rotenfels was first mentioned in a royal
8°19′10″E / 48.80389°N 8.31944°E / 48.80389; transfer letter in 1041. In 1041, Count Heinrich von Calw,
8.31944 aka Emperor Henry III, ceded the Rotenfels estate along
Administration with other holdings to the Ufgau as free property as part
of a larger transfer of property being made on the behalf
Country Germany
of the marriage of his daughter Judit of Backnang-Sulich-
State Baden-Württemberg
gau, Countess of Eberstein-Calw, to Hermann I, the Mar-
District Rastatt
grave of Verona.
City Gaggenau
In 1102, there were disputes over the land owned
Basic statistics by the Knights of Michelbach. Emperor Henry IV autho-
rized the return of lost property, including the Rotenfels
Area 109.18 km2 (42.15 sq mi)
area, to the Cathedral chapter of Speyer in a deed dated
Elevation 160 m (525 ft)
15 February 1102. Hermann II and Graf von Eberstein,
Population {{{Einwohner or population}}}
who dominated the Ufgau at that time, then enforced
Founded ca 1041 CE
the deed in the Ufgau. Gaggenau and Rotenfels remained
Other information
1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bad Rotenfels
provinces of the Ufgau under the Diocese of Speyer for a substantial part of his territories, but these losses were
the next century and a half. later recovered and exceeded by his son and successor,
In 1112 Hermann II, son of Hermann I (d. 1074) began Christopher I. In 1503 the Baden-Sausenberg line became
referring to himself as the Margrave of Baden, and from extinct, and the whole of Baden was once again united
this time the separate history of Baden dates. Hermann under Christopher. At his death in 1527, it was divided
appears to have called himself “Margrave” rather than once again among his three sons. One of these died child-
“Count”, because of the family connection to the Mar- less in 1533, and in 1535 his remaining sons, Bernard and
grave of Verona. Hermann II’s descendants, Hermann III, Ernest, having shared their brother’s territories, made
Hermann IV, and Herman V, added to their territories. a fresh division and founded the lines of Baden-Baden
Hermann III also served in the Second Crusade, Hermann and Baden-Pforzheim, called after 1565 Baden-Durlach.
IV served in the Third Crusade, and Hermann V served in This division was enhanced by the Protestant Reforma-
the Fifth Crusade. tion, under which the Baden-Baden territory remained
When Hermann IV died, Baden was divided, and the staunchly Catholic while the Baden-Durlach line became
lines of Baden-Baden and Baden-Hachberg were estab- Evangelical (Lutheran).
lished. The latter divided again about a century later into Further divisions followed. The family strains even-
the Baden-Hachberg and Baden-Sausenberg lines. tually culminated in open warfare, and from 1584 to 1622
The family of Baden-Baden was very successful in in- Baden-Baden was in the possession of one of the princes
creasing the area of its holdings. Hermann VI served as of Baden-Durlach.
Margrave from 1243 until his death in 1250; and through The Catholic Baden-Baden line led by Bernhard con-
his marriage to the heiress Gertrude of Babenberg which trolled much of the area around the town of Baden-
had ruled Austria, laid some claim to the Dukeship of Baden and points south, and the Protestant Baden-
Austria. His son and heir Frederick I was a year old at his Durlach line led by brother Ernest controlled much of
father’s death and so Baden passed into a regency by Her- the area around Karlruhe and Durlach and points north.
mann VI’s brother Rudolf I. When Frederick I was execut- Rotenfels and Gaggenau, as part of the Rastatt / Baden
ed at age 19 by Charles of Anjou in 1268, Rudolf I became region, remained in the Catholic Baden-Baden territory
the Margrave of Baden until his death in 1288. In 1283, during this family split.[2]
Rudolf I succeeded in adding the area around Rotenfels
and Gaggenau to his family´s holdings. 17th & 18th Centuries
When Rudolf I died, rule of Baden was shared among The house remained divided through the period of con-
his four sons, Hesso, Rudolf II, Hermann VII, and Rudolf tinental slaughter between Catholics and Protestants
III. By 1297, all but Rudolf III had died, but Hesso had known as the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648). Being lo-
a son and heir, Rudolf Hesso, who co-ruled with Rudolf cated between most all of the warring factions, from
III until Rudolf III’s death in 1310. In 1320, Rudolf Hesso Catholic France and Spain and Bavaria to Lutheran Prus-
died, and the margraviate passed to Rudolf IV. Rudolf IV sia and Denmark and Calvinist Netherlands and Switzer-
served until his death in 1348, at which time his son Fred- land, Baden suffered severely during this struggle, and
erick III served until his death in 1353. Under his son, Ru- both branches of the family were exiled in turn.
dolf VI, who served until his death in 1372, all of the oth- A report to the Bishop of Speyer listed the population
er family lines except the Sausenberg line died out and of Rotenfels and the nearby hamlet of Winkel in 1683 as
reverted to Rudolf VI. “60 people and five Catholic families”. During the reign
Rudolf’s sons, Bernard I and Rudolf VII, concluded an of French King Louis XIV, the villages of Rotenfels and
inheritance contract in 1380 which again split Baden: Ru- Gaggenau were almost completely destroyed by the
dolf VII received the southern areas from Ettlingen to French in a ’scorched-earth’ campaign in 1691 during
Baden-Baden, and Bernard received the northern areas the Nine Years’ War, aka the War of the Grand Alliance
around Dulach and Pforzheim. When Rudolf VII died in (1688–1697). One of the noted heroes of that war was
1391, his lands reverted back to Bernard. Bernard I’s son Baden-Baden Margrave Ludwig "Turk Louis" Wilhelm,
Jacob became Margrave in 1431 until his death in 1453, who played a part in routing Louis XIV’s forces from the
at which time Baden passed into the hands of his sons Rhineland and bringing the war to a close.
Charles I and Bernard II. Bernard II later abdicated his In 1701, the Rotenfels church records indicated that
ruling claims to serve in a monastery, and was later be- the population of Rotenfels, along with the nearby ham-
atified by the Church; Charles I remained Margrave until let of Winkel, numbered 415 inhabitants, despite the rav-
his death in 1475.[1] ages brought to the area by the French in the previous
decade.
The Protestant Reformation In 1707, Baden-Baden Margrave Ludwig “Turk Louis”
During the 15th century, a war initiated and lost by Wilhelm died. His son, the crown prince Ludwig Georg
Charles I with the Count Palatine of the Rhine cost him Simpert von Baden (who eventually came to be known
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bad Rotenfels
as “Hunter Louis”, both for his love of hunting as well ("Hunter Louis" had died without a male heir in 1761),
as a play off of his father’s nickname), was only 5 at the business was again deeply in arrears with little hope
the time, so Baden-Baden was placed under the regency of turnaround and was taken to foreclosure by its credi-
of his mother, Franziska Sibylla Augusta von Sachsen- tors. Dürr sold the business to other investors, who tried
Lauenburg until the young prince turned 25 in 1727. Dur- to make a go of it for another ten years without success.
ing this period, the regency was prosperous. The ironworks were put up for sale again in 1779, but
About 1725, the crown prince or his mother set up a there were no buyers. Efforts continued to refinance the
small smelter and a steel mill in the Murg commons of closed factory for another ten years.
the Rotenfels area. This experiment proceeded for about With Georg August’ death in 1771, the territories of
20 years as the smelter and mill failed and changed hands Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach were reunited under
a number of times until Rastatt glassmaker Franz Anton Baden-Durlach Margrave Karl Friedrich. In 1789, Karl
Dürr came and took over the facilities in 1753. Friedrich agreed to absorb all of the debts of the previous
Baden-Baden margraviate. As part of that, he agreed to
purchase the defaulted ironworks property from the pre-
vious owners, after which he had the entire plant with
buildings and equipment demolished. In 1790, he turned
over the property, which he called the "Rotenfels
Smelter Estate," to his 2nd wife, Luise Karoline.
In 1772, Gaggenau became the home of the Rinde-
schwendersche glassworks and with it a number of oper-
ating homes and workshops. But while there were simi-
lar and multiple efforts to establish industries in Roten-
fels during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, all of
them eventually failed.[3]
The French Revolution and Napoleon
When the French Revolution threatened to be exported
throughout Europe in 1792, Baden joined forces against
France, and Rotenfels and its local hills were center-stage
in many of the campaigns. With French successes in the
first few years, the Margrave of Baden was compelled to
pay an indemnity and to cede his territories on the left
bank of the Rhine to France.
However, in 1796, fortunes changed. Back in the time
of the 30 Years’ War (1618–1648), several military fortifi-
cations were built in the “Großen und Kleinen Schanzen-
berg" (“Great and Small Mountain Redoubt”) hills across
from Rotenfels. These came into play in June 1796, when
the Austrian “Imperial” of 16,000 men led by General La-
tour retreated into the Murg Valley to bolster their de-
Anton Rindeschwender, founder of the Rindeschwender Glass- fense against a battalion of 56,000 French soldiers. Their
works in Gaggenau retrenchment allowed them, as well as other “Imperial”
forces in nearby communities of Kuppenheim and Bis-
The smelter and steel mill suffered primarily for two chweier, to bottle up the French troops in the Murg Val-
reasons: 1) A lack of an adequate supply of timber-fuel ley. Realizing no hope of victory in that circumstance,
(the smelter required some 4,000 cords of wood each year the French retreated, but in so doing launched a
to sustain its efforts, a demand which deforested the for- “scorched-earth” policy through the area, including the
est area around Rotenfels over the first two decades) and, towns of Rotenfels, Gernsbach, Ebersteinburg and Sel-
perhaps more importantly, 2) A lack of a local supply bach. Residents fled with their cattle and whatever other
of iron ore. Dürr solved both for the time being by im- possessions they could muster into the forests of Ober-
porting fuel and ore from outside the Rotenfels area, and weier. Included in the devastation was the destruction of
made a successful go at the business for about ten years. the historic Rotenfels “Solitude” house, built in the 17th
But ultimately, even the more remote sources began to century, at the foot of the mountain redoubt.
peter out, and by the time that Ludwig George Simpert’s By early July, the French force in the Murg Valley had
successor, brother August Georg Simpert died in 1771 dwindled to 36,000 men. On July 9, 1796, Reich Marshall
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bad Rotenfels
Archduke Karl led 45,000 Austrians into battle, driving Although quite pretty, the Margrave’s new wife was
the French back to France. The French again launched a not well-regarded. Besides being perceived in her “infe-
“scorched-earth” policy in their retreat, this time devas- rior” royal status, she was seen as unduly brash and am-
tating Karlsruhe and forcing the Margrave of Baden to bitious. Part of that derived from her efforts to seek suc-
flee his capital until the French fully vacated. cession eligibility for her children; but she was also very
The Margrave’s fortunes soon changed again. active in funding favored projects in the Kingdom. Even
France’s Napoleon Bonaparte effected a coup of the Napoleon noted: “If her intrigues do not bring an end to
French Republic in late 1799 and took over control of the her shameless and depraved life, they should lock her in
government. By 1803, Napoleon was looking to build al- a monastery.”
liances and allies, and largely owing to the good offices
of Alexander I, Emperor of Russia, to whom Karl Freder-
ick was related by marriage, the Margrave received the
bishopric of Konstanz, part of the Rhenish Palatinate,
and other smaller districts, together with the dignity of a
prince-elector. When war between France and Germany
broke out again in 1805, this time he fought for Napoleon,
with the result that by the Peace of Pressburg signed in
that year, he obtained the Breisgau and other territo-
ries at the expense of the Habsburgs. In 1806 he joined
Napoleon’s new Confederation of the Rhine, not only re-
ceiving other additions of territory, but also declaring
himself a sovereign prince and taking the title of Grand
Duke.
The Baden contingent continued to assist France, and The Rotenfels Castle, which today serves as a private academy
by the Peace of Vienna in 1809 the new Grand Duke of and Fine Arts school
Baden was rewarded with accessions of territory at the
expense of the kingdom of Württemberg. With In the late 18th century, porcelain plates and bottles
Napoleon’s support, Karl Friedrich had expanded Baden from China became outrageously popular among the
from 3,600 square kilometers with about 175,000 inhab- European elite, and diligent efforts were made in Europe
itants in 1803 to 15,000 square kilometers and almost a to duplicate the technology. Rotenfels turned out to have
million inhabitants.[4] a suitable clay deposit in its vicinity for porcelain mak-
ing, and in 1793, several Protestant “stonecrafters” from
The Rotenfels Stoneworks Factory the French province of Alsace relocated to Rotenfels and
established a small stoneware (porcelain) factory on the
In 1801, the Countess of Baden, Luise Karoline, decided to
old Rotenfels smelter factory now owned by the Countess
establish and porcelain stoneware factory at the site of
Luise Karoline. By the end of the 18th century, they were
the ill-fated smelterworks of the prior century.
generating annual gross proceeds of some 6,400 guilders
Since becoming Karl Friedrich’s wife, the Countess
in their business – enough for the Countess to take notice
Luise Karoline was controversial. She was a daughter of
and to decide to take over the industry into her own
the governor and chamber of “King” Henry Geyser of
manufacturing operations. The Margrave granted a
Geyersburg, a minor noble; and had served as a Lady-In-
5-year monopoly to the business and, with 4,000 guilders,
Waiting in the court of Baden princess Amalie von Baden
the Countess set up her operations. The new facility was
for 15 years and then 2 years as a Lady of the Court before
up and in operation by 1803. Production was similar to
she married the 60-year-old widow Margrave at the age
the English "Wedgewood" stoneware and bore the em-
of 19 in 1787. But due to her family’s “lower” status, the
bossed Hochberg family coat of arms as its logo.
marriage was morganatic – which meant that her chil-
After the successful development of a safer lead-free
dren would not be recognized as eligible to accede to the
glaze in 1804 / 1805, the business expanded into kitchen-
Margrave’s (later Grand Duke’s) throne.
ware and the Countess expanded the workshop in 1806 /
By the time of the Congress of Vienna in 1809, after
1807.
Karl’s first son Karl Louis had died in 1801 and Karl Fred-
Although the business thrived under the 5-year mo-
erick, already in ill heath, realized that the only feasible
nopoly, it began to suffer when that monopoly expired
successors would be from his second marriage, he began
against the import of similar goods from Alsace. The busi-
efforts to grant them the right of succession. Although
ness also suffered from the depletion of the local forest,
Karl Frederich died in 1811, his grandson Charles contin-
which required the import of fuelwood and driving man-
ued the efforts and won those rights with the adoption of
ufacturing costs up. By 1811, after Karl Fredrick died,
a new Baden constitution in 1817.
the Countess put the business on the sales block at fire-
4
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bad Rotenfels
sale prices. A buyer was interested, but the rest of the ter, Elizabeth, and proceeded to turn the spring into a lo-
family objected to the terms and cancelled the sale. The cal health spa. He also renamed the town "Bad Rotenfels"
business continued to struggle until 1816 when Margrave (German: Rotenfels Baths) at this time to help promote
William von Baden, son of Karl Frederich and Luis Karo- the town and spa.
line and who had purchased the business from his moth-
er’s estate, felt compelled to shut down the business due The 20th Century; Absorption into
to its ongoing losses. Over the next ten years, he convert- Gaggenau
ed the factory building into a country house, what is to-
The next century saw many changes in Germany, from
day known as Schloß Rotenfels (German: Rotenfels Cas-
the Revolution of 1848, to the rise of the German Empire
tle). At the same time, he turned the grounds into a mod-
in 1870, World War I & II, the post-war occupation and
el organic farm based on scientific techniques, the oper-
partitioning of Germany, and eventual reunification of
ations of which continue to this day.[5]
West Germany in 1952 and East Germany in 1989.
A display in the Unimog Museum, Rotenfels
The ElizabethenQuelle Site & Memorial
Inside the ElizabethenQuelle Memorial
In 1996, the Rotenfels Castle Academy was established at
Schloß Rotenfels, which also includes the Baden-Würt-
temberg Academy of Fine Arts school, school and ama-
teur theater.
A new development for the Rotenfels community be-
gan in 1839 with Margrave William, who resided each
summer in his newly built castle in Rotenfels. Ever the
entrepreneur, he began drilling at the foot of the moun-
tain redoubt for possible coal deposits. Although that ef-
fort failed, it opened up a thermal mineral spring. Mar- Memorial plaque of the Nazi detention camp in Rotenfels.
grave William named the spring "ElizabethenQuelle"
(German: Elizabeth’s Source) after his youngest daugh-
5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bad Rotenfels
In 1873, an Ironworks factory was established in the
nearby town of Gaggenau. In 1895 the factory built the
5-hp automobile Orient Express and entered the new in-
dustry of automobile manufacture. In 1905 they renamed
themselves the Gaggenau South German Automobile Fac-
tory GmbH. In 1907 the company was taken over by the
company Benz & Cie of Mannheim until the merger of
Daimler-Benz AG in 1926. Rotenfels became a bedroom
community for the automobile factories.
Daimler-Benz eventually made Rotenfels the manu-
facturing base for their Unimog line of industrial trucks.
Rotenfels is the home of the Unimog Museum, a private
museum owned by Daimler-Benz which documents the
history and evolution of the Unimog truck line.
St. Lawrence Parish Church, in Bad Rotenfels Burough, City of
Closeup of Memorial plaque
Gaggenau
After World War I, the Grand Duke of Baden was
forced out during the German Revolution of 1918-1919, Religion
and Baden declared itself a "Free Republic", with its own
Rotenfels belonged to the Diocese of Speyer and was as-
constitution, parliament, and president. It retained that
signed to the Kuppenheim District under that Diocese in
status until the rise of the Nazis and the abolishment of
the Middle Ages. The Reformation arrived in 1555, and
German states in the 1933 German declarations.
over the next three and a half centuries, as the area came
In September 1944, the Nazis built a detention camp
under the authority of various rulers with differing reli-
in the town of Bad Rotenfels. Six barracks were built to
gious preferences, the majority denomination of Roten-
house about 1,600 men and women, mostly French pris-
fels changed six times between Catholic and Evangelical
oners, who were used as forced labor in the Daimler-
Lutheran (Protestant) before finally settling to become a
Benz plants nearby. About 500 of them were killed. A
Catholic majority.
memorial plaque has been placed in the meadow where
Until 1891, the only Catholic parish church for the en-
the barracks were located, across from the Rotenfels spa.
tire region was the St. Lawrence parish church in Roten-
Another memorial was placed in the Bad Rotenfels ceme-
fels. The present church dates from the Baroque era in
tery commemorating the murder of 27 of those prisoners
the 17th century, with the interior dating from the 18th
by their Nazi captors.[6]
century. At the turnoff in Rotenfels to the hamlet of
In the late 1960s, in response to an effort to aggregate
Winkel, the tiny one-room St. Sebastian chapel was built
and consolidate municipal governments into districts of
from 1747-1752 with an open porch and roof turret. (It
20,000 or more, the state government of Baden-Würt-
remains an active chapel today.) All of the area parishes
temberg approved a petition by the town of Gaggenau
came under the newly-founded Archdiocese of Freiburg
to annex six of its surrounding communities, including
in 1821/1827 and assigned to the Murgtal Office of the
the municipality of Bad Rotenfels and the large swath of
Dean.
forest that ran along the Murg River between the two
The Evangelical Lutherans (Protestants) were driven
municipalities. Bad Rotenfels and its smaller hamlet of
out of the area in the 18th century but moved back in
Winkel became a district of the city of Gaggenau in Jan-
again to the Rotenfels area in the 19th century. They
uary 1970.
6
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bad Rotenfels
significant historical ruins and hot springs, including
military fortifications dating back to the 16th century,
as well as a memorial to a Nazi labor camp where some
1,600 prisoners were housed and used for forced labor.
The park includes outdoor sports facilities, hiking trails,
a beer garden, mini-golf, and marked nature paths with
historical markers.[8]
Cemeteries
St. Sebastian Chapel, at the Winkel turnoff in Bad Rotenfels
Burough, City of Gaggenau
formed their own community and built their own church
in 1891. This church was destroyed in the Second World
War but rebuilt in 1953. The community, including all of
the Protestants in the modern districts of Gaggenau and
in Rastatt, belong to the Evangelical Church District of
Baden-Baden.
Points of Historical Interest
Buildings
The district of Bad Rotenfels has a number of historic
buildings. The Baroque Catholic parish church of St.
Lawrence in Bad Rotenfels was originally built in The Nazi memorial plaque in the Bad Rotenfels cemetery
1752-1766 by Ignaz Franz Krohmer. The church was the
first parish in the Murg Valley and is therefore known The original Rotenfels cemetery was located on the
as the mother church of the Murg. The current church grounds of the St. Lawrence parish church. This ceme-
building is actually the third version built, the most re- tery was closed around 1820 and all of the graves were
cent in the mid-1800s. In a 1902-1903 renovation, the fa- relocated to a new cemetery on a small island in the
cade of the church was updated with a neo-baroque fa- Murg River just south of the town center. (A represen-
cade. tative handful of gravestones of famous town citizens
Bad Rotenfels is the home of the world-famous Roten- were left on the church premises.) The island is connect-
fels spa, built on top of the Bad (German: Bath) Rotenfels ed to the town via a bridge which spans a canal used
hot springs. The spa hosts thousands of visitors from to generate hydroelectric electric power. After the Se-
around the world to enjoy its waters. The district also cond World War, this island cemetery was closed and the
includes the Rotenfels Castle Academy, which is housed current cemetery was built between the town centers of
in the buildings and grounds of the former Rotenfels Bad Rotenfels and Gaggenau. A memorial for 27 prison-
stoneware factory. The factory, originally built around ers murdered by the Nazis while interred in Bad Roten-
1801, housed a stoneware (porcelain) manufacturing fels was built in this new cemetery.
plant until 1816. In 1818, Margrave Wilhelm of Baden
(son of Grand Duke Karl Friedrich and 2nd wife Luise
Karoline) turned the property into a country chateau. References
From 1818 to 1827, the building was redesigned by [1] Bad Rotenfels: Texte und Bilder aus verangenen
Friedrich Weinbrenner into a prestigious building in Tagen, MIchael Schulz, Oberbürgermeister, Werner
classical portico style. It remained a country residence Benz, Ettlingen, 1991
until the 1970s, when the Academy purchased the build- [2] Bad Rotenfels: Texte und Bilder aus verangenen
ing for its use.[7] Tagen, MIchael Schulz, Oberbürgermeister, Werner
Bad Rotenfels includes a large park on the south side Benz, Ettlingen, 1991
of the river against the forest which hosts a number of
7
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Bad Rotenfels
[3] Schloß Rotenfels: das 1816 bis 1827, Hans-Jürgen [7] Bad Rotenfels: Texte und Bilder aus verangenen
Moser, Stadtgeschichtliche Sammlungen Gaggenau Tagen, Bosch, Rainer, et al, Werner Benz, Ettlingen,
et al; Verein für Kultur- und Heimatgeschichte Bad DE 1991
Rotenfels e.V. und Stadt Gaggenau, Bad Rotenfels, [8] Bad Rotenfels: Texte und Bilder aus verangenen
1996 Tagen, Bosch, Rainer, et al, Werner Benz, Ettlingen,
[4] Schloß Rotenfels: das 1816 bis 1827, Hans-Jürgen DE 1991
Moser, Stadtgeschichtliche Sammlungen Gaggenau
et al; Verein für Kultur- und Heimatgeschichte Bad
Rotenfels e.V. und Stadt Gaggenau, Bad Rotenfels,
External links
1996 • Website of the formerly independent town of Bad
[5] Schloß Rotenfels: das 1816 bis 1827, Hans-Jürgen Rotenfels (DE)
Moser, Stadtgeschichtliche Sammlungen Gaggenau • Verein für Kultur - und Heimatgischichte Bad
et al; Verein für Kultur- und Heimatgeschichte Bad Rotenfels e.V. (DE)
Rotenfels e.V. und Stadt Gaggenau, Bad Rotenfels, • Website of the Unimog Museum in Bad Rotenfels
1996 (DE)
[6] Gedenkstätten für die Opfer des
Nationalsozialismus. Eine Dokumentation, Bd.I,
Bonn 1995, S. 37, ISBN 3-89331-208-0
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bad_Rotenfels&oldid=456789149"
Categories:
• Populated places established in ca 1041 CE
• Towns in Baden-Württemberg
• Rastatt district
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