REPORT
AN ASSESSMENT OF VULNERABLE POPULATIONS IN
GAROWE
JUNE 2005
SUPPORTED BY
UNDP-RRIDP
CONDUCTED BY
GUARDIAN LOCAL NGO
Garowe
Puntland State of Somalia
1
Table of Contents
Table of contents Page
List of Acronyms 3
Executive Summary 4
1. Introduction 8
2.Scope and purpose of the study 8
3.Overall objective 8
4.Specific objectives 9
5. Methodology 9
5.1 Problems encountered 10
6.Findings of the assessment 10
6.1 Previous place of residence 10
6.2 Population characteristics 11
6.3 Water and sanitation 13
6.4 General Maternal Health 13
6.5 Shelter 17
6.6 Movements 19
6.7 Coping mechanisms 21
6.8 Protection of rights 22
6.9 Durable solutions 22
6.10 Media 23
6.11 Priority areas of intervention 23
7.0 Conclusion 24
7.1 Recommendations 24
ANNEX 1 25
ANNEX 11 37
2
List of Acronyms
1. IDPs - Internally Displaced People
2. HH - Household.
3. MCH - Maternal Child Health Centre.
4. TBA - Traditional Birth Attendant
5. FGM - Female Genital Mutilation.
6. RRIDP - Reintegration of Returnees & Internally Displaced Persons.
7. LNGO - Local Non Governmental Organization
8. INGO - International Non Governmental Organization.
9. UNDP - United Nations Development Programme.
10. UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
11. UNOCHA - United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
12. UNICEF - United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund.
13. WHO- World Health Organisation
14. WFP - World Food Programme.
3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Garowe, the capital town of Puntland State of Somalia is located in Nugal region
with an estimated of 70,000 people. Garowe also houses the Administration of
Puntland. Like any other parts of Somalia, Garowe was not spared from
experiencing the effects of the civil and natural disasters, which have caused an
influx of IDPs, returnees and urban poor into the town.
KEY FINDINGS
Demographics
The estimated number of households for the vulnerable population was
1,500 or 12,605 people, thus Garowe has the third highest number of
vulnerable populations in Puntland following Bossaso, and Galkayo.
Most of these people arrived from the south/ central parts of Somalia,
within Puntland, Somaliland and others from Ethiopia in search of
economic opportunities, peace and stability.
Households average 6 members
Darood, Rahanweyn and Jareer clans dominate the IDPs, returnees and
the urban poor in Garowe.
There are more females (54,2%) than males (45,8%) in the town.
53,8% of the population is below 17 years of age while 44,3% is between
18 and 65 years.
82,0% have attended Madrassa, despite that, they can neither read nor
write.
46,6% of the household members survive on casual labour, women are
mostly engaged as housemaids, selling wares, clothes, tea, hired to sale
mirror, garbage collection and washing clothes. Men are involved in
digging toilets, water reservoirs, wells, assisting in the construction
industry, loading vehicles, slaughtering of animals and working in small
farms around Garowe.
Common skills include masonry, carpentry, driving and mechanics that
they acquired whilst they were in the south.
Water and sanitation
All the communities have access to water, however the main concern is
poor quality of the water that is contaminated, and the main sources are
shallow dug wells.
Above 52,0% of the households use more than 40litres of water per day
and children are also involved in water collection.
75,0% of the households have no access to sanitation.
General Maternal Health
Majority of the households rely on traditional birth assistants (TBA),
religious experts and traditional healers when sick. The study noted
4
that most of the communities have strong traditional believes which
they resort to when a family member is sick.
Economic hardships also make vulnerable populations rely on cheap
and traditional methods of treatment.
87,0% of the households travel for more than 2 kilometers to reach a
health source.
Through mobile teams UNICEF mostly provides vaccine sources for
mothers with under five children. The study noted that some of the
community members are suspicious of these vaccines, which they feel
can cause HIV/AIDS transmission and can also affect their fertility.
Nutrition
72,7% of the households take one meal per day.
Shelter
83,3% of the respondents acknowledged that they have some shelter,
however rent is the biggest problem since they reside mostly on privately
owned land.
54,0% of the respondents noted that their biggest problem is safety of the
huts, which they live in, given the continuous adverse weather conditions
and unavailability of sanitary facilities.
54,0% of the households pay between 0-40,000 Somali shilling, 24,7%
pay more than 90,000 shillings, while 8,0% acknowledged that they do not
pay rent.
86,0% of the respondents acknowledged that they prefer to stay where
they are due to security advantages.
Poor sanitation is one of the biggest problem that they experience and
they expressed fear of disease outbreak.
Ownership of assets
The study noted that due to the history of these communities, a
significant proportion belong to the Darood, Jareer and Rahanweyn,
clans who were well known for farming. They used to own farms before
the war.
The study also noted that households lost all the immovable assets;
some lost their livestock due to drought and have been rendered
destitutes.
Movements
The vulnerable communities indicated that they moved two to three
times due to natural disasters, lack of protection, armed conflicts,
search for basic needs and economic opportunities.
70,0% agreed that they want to move within Garowe (local integration)
if offered a better location with sanitation and other services.
45,0% indicated that they prefer urban jobs, 24,7% (farming), 16,3%
(pastoral) and 14,0% (fishing).
5
If a piece of land was provided, 95,0% would want to move and
contribute towards the construction of latrines and building of their own
houses.
Coping mechanisms.
The average daily household earning is 20,000 Somali shilling.
73,3% households earn between 0-80,000 shillings per day while
26,7% earn more than 80,000 shillings.
The bulky of the expenditure, 46,5% goes towards food, followed
by rent, education and health.
Major source of income for both men and women is casual labour.
Protection of rights.
22,7% of the households acknowledged that they have encountered
protection problems including armed robbery, torture, death and rape.
Respondents noted that they have freedom of movement wherever they
prefer to go in Garowe.
Durable solutions.
The study established that 83,3% of the respondents prefer to be locally
integrated.
77,6% indicated that they have no access to media
Priority areas of intervention
Water and sanitation is the top priority followed by land and shelter
provision.
Recommendations
Properly planned shelter/land accompanied with the provision of other
basic services especially water and sanitation for the vulnerable
populations is vital. In support of sanitation, garbage collection and
sanitary toilets are also important.
More than 80,0% of the vulnerable population particularly IDPs and
returnees are illiterate, there is need for integrated education programs
through the establishment of education infrastructure including primary
schools, a secondary school and vocational training centers.
A fully functional MCH supported by the Ministry of Health within the
locality is recommended. In addition to the services provided at the MCH
to mothers and children, this should also serve as a primary health
awareness center.
Income generation projects are vital for these communities. Some of the
projects possible in Garowe include construction of markets for women,
support of bread winners including women with skills like carpentry,
building, plumbing, plastering, machine operation, baking, fishing, farming,
micro-finance in order for them to generate more income.
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Humanitarian assistance has to be scaled up especially food aid to
prevent malnutrition particularly young children.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GUARDIAN NGO would like to acknowledge the support that was received from
a number of people and Organisations. The first compliment goes to the data
collectors who worked tirelessly to ensure that all the necessary information was
compiled and analysed, Secondly, the Local Authority including the Mayor of
Garowe and Governor of Nugal region who helped as a key informants. The
gratitude also goes to UNDP/RRIDP, which funded and supported the project to
the end. Lastly the key role that UN Agencies like UNHCR, UNICEF, WHO, ILO,
UN-Habitat, UNESCO and NGOs including Diakonia that they are playing in
Garowe and the rest of Puntland helped the success of this assessment since for
the first time IDPs and returnees are acknowledging the assistance they are
getting from these organisations.
The Chairlady of Guardian would want to thank its entire staff especially the
Deputy Chairlady and the Project Co-ordinator who worked so hard for the
completion of the assessment. A number of lessons have been learnt which we
can apply in the future if another opportunity arises.
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1.Introduction
Garowe is the capital town of Puntland State of Somalia located in Nugal region.
Currently the estimated population is 70,000. In addition, Garowe houses the
Administration of Puntland. Like any other parts of Somalia, Garowe was not
spared from experiencing the effects of the civil, which has caused so many
people to be internally displaced while some who crossed international borders
are returning. Furthermore, IDPs have lost most of their assets and sources of
livelihood including livestock and land, and have little access to stable
employment.
According to estimates in 2004, IDPs, destitute and returnees households
totalled 1,500 implying that in Puntland, Garowe has the third highest number of
vulnerable populations following Bossaso, and Galkayo. Most of these have
arrived from the south/central parts of Somalia, within Puntland due to negative
effects of the weather especially drought, Somaliland and others from Ethiopia in
search of economic opportunities, peace and stability. Like any other towns, the
influx to towns of IDPs and other vulnerable populations is on the increase due to
drought and some of these communities have managed to mix with relatives.
2.Scope and purpose of the study
The assessment was born from a widespread recognition of the need for more
accurate and extensive demographic and socio-economic data for the vulnerable
population in Garowe and the rest of the Nugal region. In addition, since Garowe
is capital town of Puntland, an influx of more vulnerable population is anticipated.
In response, careful planning and detailed needs assessment are important.
Thus this assessment is aimed to establish more accurate and disaggregated
statistics for the vulnerable population, identify key issues faced by the
inhabitants and establish existing services. The information gathered is intended
to provide a more accurate snapshot of the vulnerable population than previously
existed, support program planning by local and international agencies and lead to
improved coordination among bodies seeking to provide services and relief.
The statistics and information gathered by this assessment will also help the
international community, local aid agencies, authorities and the private sector to
make well informed decisions in order to adequately support vulnerable
population for the immediate and long term needs.
3.Overall objective
The overall objective is to better inform program design, planning and strategy
development by collecting comprehensive and accurate data pertaining to
vulnerable populations in Garowe.
4.Specific objectives
Working closely with the with the Garowe communities, private sector, relevant
Ministries and other stakeholders in Puntland, both local and international,
involved with the vulnerable population-:
8
Collect, collate and analyze both primary and secondary data/ information
about the conditions in the settlements and establish what current
interventions are.
Using a questionnaire and other data collection tools like focus group
discussions, key informant interviews and participatory methodologies,
collect information in Garowe on demographic characteristics of
vulnerable population, available basic services including health,
education, water and sanitation, shelter, economic activities, migration
and displacement patterns, needs, priorities, expectations and plans for
the future.
Make recommendations as per prioritized needs for programme
implementation and improved coordination among international and local
partners as well as counterparts for effective and efficient service
provision to returnees and IDPs population.
Make recommendations as to the role of the State and Private Sector to
assist the efforts of the international community to reintegrate the
vulnerable population in the town.
5.Methodology
The assessment was based on quantitative and qualitative data collection of the
vulnerable population. This included demographic statistics, water and sanitation,
general maternity health, general characteristics of nutrition, shelter, household
assets before and after war, population movement, coping mechanism,
protection and rights, durable solutions and access of the media and prioritizing
of their needs (see ANNEX 1). The study focused on different villages of the
town. The assessment design included sampling of the following groups, that is,
the destitute, community devastated by the drought and those who moved from
the south, within Puntland and other parts the world.
The assessment covered Waberi, Wadajir and Hantiwadag villages. These were
identified as the locations with vulnerable populations including IDPs, returnees
and destitutes. Of the estimated 1,500 households of the vulnerable
communities, a 20,0,0% sample was considered appropriate. Thus a stratified
random sampling was applied to make sure that views of all categories of
vulnerable populations are represented. In view of this, 210 IDPs households, 60
destitute households and 30 returnees households were assessed.
Part of the data collection exercise involved a qualitative assessment of IDP,
destitute and returnees locations involving observations from site visits, focus
group discussions, interviews using semi-structured questionnaire with their
leaders, elders, women groups, children and local authority representatives. The
purpose of this was to obtain information on their social structure including their
clan origin [home area], dynamics of movement, personal security, coping
mechanisms and the humanitarian conditions. The second part consisted of
quantitative data collection and analysis of household questionnaires to obtain
information on household economy and other related characteristics.
9
Data collected was entered onto the computer to facilitate analysis and
interpretations. Prior to a full-scale data collection exercise, a one-day workshop
was conducted to train the enumerators on data gathering techniques.
5.1 Problems encountered:
A number of the respondents expressed fatigueness due to the length of the
questionnaire. Some of the respondents were not available during the day since
they do part time jobs in town; this meant that interviews for these households
were conducted in the afternoon and evening. Respondents also complained of
too many interviews without long-term interventions. In addition, due to limited
literature on vulnerable population in Garowe, not much secondary data was
reviewed.
6.Findings of the assessment
Below is a summary of findings of the study. The estimated number of
households during the time of the assessment was 1,550. The assessment
sampled 20,0% of the households implying a total population of 12,605
vulnerable people living in Garowe.
6.1 Previous place of residence
Table 1 shows the places of previous residence immediately before coming to
Garowe.
Table 1: Previous place of residence.
Places of Origin Number Percentage
1 Mogadishu 148 49,3
2 Marka 44 14.6
3 Hudur 17 5.6
4 Qalafe 32 10.7
5 Jowhar 14 4.7
6 Baidoa 13 4.1
7 Others 32 10.7
Total 300 100,0
Majority (49,3%) of the vulnerable population moved from Mogadishu, followed by
those who moved from Marka (14,6%), Qalafe (10,7%) while 10,7% came from other
places like Somaliland and Ethiopia. Key informants noted that communities which
moved from Mogadishu was a result of peace in Garowe and also some centuries
back, their grandparents used to stay in Nugal region around the environs of Garowe.
Before the war, Mogadishu was the commercial and economic center, which attracted
many people from across the country, and when the war erupted, many people
returned to places like Garowe where their grandparents were residing centuries back.
The study concluded vulnerable communities moved to Garowe to seek for protection
due to conflicts in Mogadishu and other previous places of residence. The
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respondents noted that they gained peace in Garowe, and are managing to live with
the local communities as well as job opportunities for their day-to-day needs. However
the implications of this inflow relate to overloading of the existing social and basic
services.
The assessment also established the clans of the vulnerable communities (see
Table 2). The majority (36,0)% are from Daarood, 29,0% are from Rahanweyn
while 28,3% are from the Jarer clan.
Table 2: Clans
Clan/Sub clan: Number Percentage
Rahanwayn 87 29.0
Jarer 85 28.3
Hawiye 13 4.3
Darood 108 36.0
Others 7 2.4
Total. 300 100.0
The Rahanweyn (29,0%) and Jareer (28,3%) clans are the Bantu mainly from the
south while the Darood (36,0%) were the main victims of the civil war since these
were associated with the ruling government. In addition, the Darood were mostly
farmers who lost their land during the war and have good farming skills the study
further noted that they also comprise the bigger part of the destitute and returnees.
6.2 Population characteristics.
Population distribution among the vulnerable communities is in favour of females.
As indicated in Table 3, 45,8% are males and 54,2% are females. The study noted
there are more males than females in Garowe since men were killed during the
war and also they serve as militia in other parts of the country. The age groups 18
and 65 comprise 44,3% of the population, while 53,8% of the population is below
the age of 17. Very few people (1,9%) survive above 65 years.
Table 3:Age-Sex composition
Age- groups #Male Percent # Percent Total Percent
Female
a)
Under 5 228 19,8 252 18,4 480 19,0
b)
Between 6-17 462 40,0 415 30,4 877 34,8
c)
Between 18-65 432 37,4 685 50,1 1117 44,3
d)
Above 65 Yrs 32 2,8 15 1,1 47 1,9
Total. 1 154 45,8 1,367 54,2 2 521 100,0
The concluded that due to the destruction caused by the civil war and the larger size of
the under 17 years, there is need to provide educational opportunities and infrastructure
from pre-school to tertiary level. It also recommended that more WFP rations be
provided to the children under 5 years who constitute 19,0% of the population in order
to prevent malnutrition.
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The study further noted that 82,0% (Table 4) have attended Madrassa, despite that,
they can neither read nor write.
Table 4:Educational Institutions
Institutions Number Percentage
Madrassa 246 82,0
Mixed Public 24 8.0
Mixed Private 14 4.7
Others 16 5,3
Total. 300 100.0
Elders also noted that the low percentage of children attending formal education is
due to the fact parents cannot to pay fees for the children and also there is a shortage
of books. In addition, children from the vulnerable communities find it difficult to attend
same schools with those of the host communities. The assessment further established
that majority of the adults did not managed to attain even primary level of education.
This was due to lack of schools, teachers and also money to pay for the fees.
The study concluded that more awareness in needed to encourage parents from the
IDPs, returnees and urban poor communities to send their children to school. An
example of such an initiative is the current school, which has enrolled children from
these groups. However the school needs to be supported and strengthened in the
form of books, more space and teachers. There are a number of children who are
rooming the streets and these can also be assisted through educational opportunities.
As presented in Table 5, the study established that majority (46,6%) of the household
members survive on casual labor since they lack specialized skills, Women are mostly
engaged in casual labor as housemaids, selling wares, clothes, tea, hired to sale
mirror, garbage collection and washing clothes. On the other hand, men are involved
in digging toilets, water reservoirs, wells, assisting in the construction industry, loading
vehicles, slaughtering of animals, working in small farms around Garowe. However,
30,9% of the respondents noted that they have skills in masonry, carpentry, driving
and mechanics, which they acquired whilst they were in the south and elsewhere in
their previous places of origin. Some household members rely on begging (9,0%) and
remittances (8,5%) from relatives.
Table 5:Skills
Skills Number Percentage
Mason/carpentry/driver/mechanic. 345 30,9
Casual 520 46,6
Begging. 100 9,0
Remittance 95 8,5
Others 57 5,1
Total. 1117 100,0
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The study noted that the Rahanwayn are mostly involved in begging, the reason
that was advanced by the elders was that this activity is more related to their
culture.
6.3 Water and Sanitation
Source of drinking water is important to ensure that communities have access to
clean water. The study established that all the communities have access to
water. Respondents indicated that they get their water from wells and sometimes
from the river during the rain season, however the main concern relates to the
poor quality of the water.
The study attempted to establish travel time to the source of water. As indicated
in Table 6, majority (54,3%) take lees than 10 minutes to reach a source of
water, 37,3% take between 11 and 30 minutes while 8,3% take more than 30
minutes.
Table 6:Travel time to water source
Time in minutes Number Percentage
0-10 163 54.3
11-30 112 37.3
More than 30 25 8.3
Total. 300 100,0
The study also noted that, the destitute groups mostly take more time to reach a
source of water compared to the other groups of populations. The assessment
recommends the provision of clean water within the locality especially of the
disadvantaged groups.
This below table shows that 52,0% of the households use more than 40 litres of
water per day. The containers are mostly 3 litres, 5 litres and 20 litres and
children are also involved in water collection.
Table 7 Daily Water consumption
Quantity in liters Number Percentage
0-20 59 20,0
20-40 85 28,1
40 and above 156 52,0
Total. 300 100,0
In conclusion, there is need to improve on the income sources for vulnerable
populations so that they can afford to purchase and access clean water. In
addition, there is also need to ensure that water and sanitation are given top
priority wherever new developments are being planned.
In terms of sanitation, the study established that 75,0% of the households
interviewed have no access to such an important facility. The elders in the
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settlements and those representing the destitutes noted that there is an urgent
need to improve on sanitation including public health education to prevent the
outbreak of diseases like dysentery which would affect more people especially
women and children.
In terms of the types of latrines available, the study established that mostly it is
the bush system. It was also noted that communities settled along the stream
use the riverbed as bush latrines, which at the same time are some of the water
sources. During the rain season, contamination pauses a serious health hazard.
Respondents also indicated that due to absence of toilets, human waste is found
in most of the camps. A small proportion of the respondents noted that they use
private paid latrines, although it is expensive given their merger financial
resources. In addition, the study also established that there is absence of
municipal public toilets accessible to the vulnerable communities.
The study concluded that there is need for land to be provided, so that sanitation
can be improved without any hindrance from the private landowners. In addition,
garbage collection needs to be intensified and also improve on the conditions of
the dumping sites in order to reduce disease occurrence.
The assessment further noted that 42,4% of the communities wash their hands
outside prayers, 57,6% indicated that they sometimes wash their hands while no
one admitted never washing.
The study further investigated the most commonly used item when people are
washing their hands (see Table 8).
Table 8: Washing hands
Frequency # Percentage # Using ash Percentage
Using soap
Always 39 13.0 30 10.0
Sometimes 101 33.7 69 23.0
Never 160 53.3 201 67.0
Total 300 100.0 300 100.0
From the table above, majority of the households revealed that they never use
either soap or ash when washing their hands. In view of this, there is need for
more awareness for these communities to wash their hands more frequently.
6.4 General Maternal Health
The assessment sort to find out whether households seek any help when a child
is sick. A proportion of 72,7% noted that they do seek help and as reflected in
Table 9. Majority (32,3%) rely on traditional birth assistants, 22,0% visit religious
experts, 18,7% rely on traditional healers, very few households indicated that
they use modern sources of treatment.
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Table 9: Health sources
Health facilities used Number Percentage
Traditional healer 56 18.7
Friend /Relative 24 8.0
Public facility 22 7.3
Private clinic 9 3.0
Religious expert 66 22.0
Pharmacy 26 8.7
Traditional Birth Assistant (TBA) 97 32,3
Total 300 100.0
The study noted that most of the communities have strong traditional believes
which they resort to when a family member is sick. In addition, the study
concluded that due to economic hardships, vulnerable populations rely on cheap
and traditional methods of treatment. There is an urgent need to improve on
incomes of the communities complimented with the provision of better medical
facilities. The study recommends the provision of a fully functional MCH for these
communities, within their locality.
An important observation from the study is the distance by which the
communities travel to access a health facility. As reflected in Table 10, majority
(87,0%) of the households travel for more than 2 kilometers to reach a health
source.
Table 10: Distance to nearest health facility
Distance in km Number Percentage
0-1 7 2,3
1-2 32 10,7
More than 2 261 87,0
Total 300 100,0
The study concluded that the long distances the sick walk might also be a limiting
factor to the use of available health facilities. The study also noted that a
proportion of 20,0% of the respondents have a household member with learning
disabilities. Most of the household attributed this to civil war. Majority (85,3%)
resort to other methods including religious solutions and traditional healers to
help the problems. A proportion of 33,7% relies on self medication (see Table
11).
Table 11: Remedy sought
Remedy Number Percentage
Self medication (pills) 41 33.7
Doctor 3 1.0
Other 256 85.3
Total 300 100.0
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Physical disabilities were also established among the households. 19,3% of the
respondents acknowledged that they have a family member who is physically
disabled. The major cause as reflected in Table 12 accident, followed by cause
at birth and diseases.
Table 12:Types of disability
Type Number Percentage
No disability 246 82,0
Birth 9 3.0
Disease 4 1.3
Accident 41 13,7
Total 300 100.0
The study noted that UNICEF mostly provides vaccine sources for mothers with
under five children through mobile teams. A proportion of 20,0% acknowledged
that they do not rely on any vaccine source. The study further noted that some of
the community members are suspicious of these vaccines, which they feel might
cause HIV/AIDS transmission and affect their fertility. It is recommended that
more awareness and mobilization are critical to prevent such misperceptions.
In terms of nutrition, the assessment established that 72,7% of the households
take only one meal per day, 20,0% take two meals while only 7,3% take more
than one meal (see Table 13).
Table 13: Nutrition.
Average HH Meals per day Number Percentage
One Time. 218 72.7
Two Times. 60 20.0
More than two. 22 7.3
Total 300 100.0
In addition, the study noted that only 7,3% of the households consume fresh milk,
33,0% take powdered milk while the majority (59,7%) do not consume any milk.
The reasons that were advanced by households, which do not consume any milk,
include lack of money to purchase the commodity.
6.5 Shelter
A majority of 83,3% of the respondents acknowledged that they have some shelter,
while a proportion of 16,7% noted that they do not have shelter. The study noted
that the destitute community is the most affected. However, during the time of the
study some households received NFI including some plastic sheets from UNHCR
and UNICEF and this has improved the quality of their shelter and also an increase
in the number of households with somewhere to sleep. The study noted that while
most of the vulnerable communities have access to shelter, rent is the biggest
problem. The following is an excerpt of an interview with an IDP women, this
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shows the extent to which the IDP population suffers from a wide range of social
and economic hardships
“I stay in one small hut, 2mx2m and pay rent to the tune of 40,000 shillings
per month despite that I am located in the middle of other 22 small huts.
This space shelters my husband and 7 children. I cook food in front of the
huts without enough space; no pit latrine and I can easily see the stools of
children as I prepare dinner for my family. I was displaced from the south,
and the majority of other neighbors also pay very high rent per month. After
paying this exorbitant rent, we are not left with enough to buy food for our
children nor do we obtain decent jobs, we have no other opportunities but to
work as petty traders, shoe-makes, shoe shiners, butchers or domestic
workers. We also do not have any relatives to depend on like many other
clans in the area, and we have received little assistance from international
agencies and the Puntland government”.
The study also established that majority (79,0%) of the communities reside on
privately owned land, 20,7% reside in public buildings which they forcefully
occupied just after the civil war while only 0,3% stay with a relative or friend (see
Table 14).
Table 14: Land ownership
Land ownership Number Percentage
Government 62 20.7
Private person 237 79.0
Relative/Friend 1 0.3
Total 300 100.0
A proportion of 54,0% of the respondents noted that their biggest problem is safety
of the huts, which they live in, given the continuous adverse weather conditions as
well as unavailability of sanitary facilities. In terms of rentals per month, majority
(54,0%) pay between 0-40,000 Somali shilling, 24,7% pay 90,000 shillings and
above while 8,0% acknowledged that they do not pay rent (see Table 15).
Table 15:Rent per month per hut
Average in shillings Number Percentage
0-40,000 162 54,0
40,001-90,000 40 13,3
90,001 and above 74 24,7
No rent 24 8.0
Total 300 10.00
The study noted that some families (3,7%) share one room especially in the
former public buildings. In terms of choice of the present location, the
assessment noted that most of the households (86,0%) prefer this because of
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good security. Elders in the settlement noted that armed conflict was the main
reason why they ran away from their previous places of residence and in the
present location, there is peace. In addition, only 8,0% indicated that they meet
their basic needs, 2,7% gain employment and 3,3% said that there is no
advantage in the present location (see Table 16).
Table 16:Advantages of present location
Advantages Number Percentage
Employment 8 2.7
Security 258 86.0
Basic needs 24 8.0
No advantage 10 3.3
Total 300 100.0
The study also assessed the disadvantages of the present location (see Table 17).
Table 17: Disadvantages of present location.
Disadvantages Number Percentage
No shelter 59 19.7
No latrine (poor sanitation) 171 57.0
No education 70 23.3
Total 300 100.0
Poor sanitation is the biggest problem that is experienced by 57,0% of the
communities, followed by lack of education for their children and lack of shelter.
During focus group discussions, respondents expressed great fear of disease
outbreak. Mothers also expressed concern over lack of education facilities for
their children. The major reason that they advanced over their children not going
to school was the fact that schools are privately owned and they cannot afford to
pay the fees.
The study recommends that in order to resolve shelter problems, land provision
is an important step, which must be supported with basic services, income
generation projects and some skills provision. The assessment also note that in
order to ensure ownership and commitment, the IDPS, returnees and other
vulnerable groups need to make contributions through labour for the
construction, digging latrines and water wells. In the long run, they must also
make contributions to the municipality for the services they use.
The study recommends urgent provision of sanitation facilities. If possible
agreements can be arranged with landowners to provide temporary latrines
whilst long-term solutions are being planned.
In terms of assets before the war, the study noted that due to the history of these
communities, a significant proportion belong to the Darood, Jareer and
18
Rahanweyn, clans who were well known for farming. These owned land and the
farms, which they used to cultivate crops and raise livestock. As shown in Table
18, 50,0% indicated that they owned farms before the war, 39,0% had houses
while 11,0% owned livestock.
Table 18:Assest before the war
Assets Number Percentage
With Houses 117 39.0
With farm lands 150 50.0
With livestock 33 11.0
Total 300 100.0
However, the study noted after the war, interviewed households lost all the
immovable assets; some lost their livestock due to drought and have been
rendered destitutes. They now own few movable items like pots, jerry cans and
blankets.
In terms of assistance, 83,3% noted that they have received some form of
assistance, although this is mostly emergency. Camp leadership acknowledged
that they received assistance from WFP, UNICEF and UNHCR in the form of
food (WFP), shelter materials (UNHCR) and UNICEF. In addition, before this
assistance, respondents noted that they received some help from both
International and local NGOs including educational support for their children.
Some respondents also noted that they received assistance from relatives and
friends from within Puntland and elsewhere although this is not adequate.
6.6 Movements.
The assessment sort to establish the causes of movements of the vulnerable
communities. As shown in Table 18, majority (37,3%) have moved due to natural
disasters, followed by lack of protection (28,3%), armed conflicts (15,3%), basic
needs and economic 13,7% and 5,0% respectively (see Table 19).
Table 19: Causes of initial displacement
Causes Number Percentage
Armed Conflicts 46 15.3
Economic Reasons 15 5.0
Basic needs 41 13.7
Lack of protection 85 28.3
Natural disasters 173 37.3
Total. 300 100.0
Most of the respondents indicated that so far they moved three times (see Table
20). The study noted that the 28,0% who moved only once are mostly the
destitutes who have lost their livestock due to the recent drought.
19
Table 20: Frequency of movement
Frequency Number Percentage
One 84 28.0
Two 38 12.7
Three 173 59.3
Total 300 100.0
In terms of preference to stay or move away from the current location, 70,0%
agreed that they want to move if offered a better location with sanitation and
other basic services while 30,0% prefer to remain where they are. The majority of
the destitute who have lost their livestock would want to return to their traditional
livelihoods of livestocking if assistance is provided.
The assessment also established that 45,0% of the respondents need urban
jobs, 24,7% (farming), 16,3% (pastoral) and 14,0% (fishing) (see Table 21). The
majority of the respondents expressed their willingness to be integrated in town.
During the focus group discussions, a number of the respondents argued that
urban life is now easy and more comfortable compared to the rural life they
experienced before the shocks.
Table 21: Preferred livelihoods
Livelihoods. Number Percentage
Fishing 42 14.0
Pastoral 49 16.3
Farming 74 24.7
Urban jobs 135 45.0
Total. 300 100.0
If peace prevails or conditions improve in the previous places of origin, 45,0%
indicated they would want to return. Those who chose to return indicated that
they would want to go back to their farms and continue with agricultural
production.
If a piece of land were provided, 95,0% noted that they would want to move. The
respondents also indicated that their wish is to make a contribution towards the
construction of latrines and also building their own houses. This they feel would
rescue them from paying rent. The major reason for wanting to move includes
ownership of land as echoed by 66,7% of the respondents and fresh environment
(31,3%).
A proportion of 81,7% noted that they would want to move to the land allocated
by the Mayor of Garowe. They argued that the site is near town and can easily
walk to the town city if they are in need of anything. However, the respondents
were cautious not to move if basic services are not provided. A proportion of
31,3% argued that if ever they are to be moved, they prefer integration within
town.
20
6.7 Coping mechanisms.
The study established that the average daily household earning is 20,000 Somali
shilling. A proportion of 73,3% households indicated they earn between 0-80,000
shillings per day while 26,7% earn more than 80,000 shillings. The study went
further to determine the weekly expenditures of the communities (see Table 22).
Table 22: Average weekly expenses
Item Amounts in Shillings. Percentage
Food 105,000 46,5
Shelter (Rent) 61,000 27,0
Water - -
Education 40,000 17,7
Health 20,000 8,8
Sanitation - -
Transport - -
Total. 226,000 100,0
Note: Exchange rate during the time of the study was 1 USD=15,000 shilling
The table above shows that the bulky of the expenditure (46,5%) goes towards
food, followed by rent (27,0%), education (17,7%) and health (8,8%). The major
type of employment is casual labour as indicated by 49,3% of the households.
Small scale trading takes 21,3% while 28,3% are involved in begging and only
1,0% receive remittances from friends and relatives (see Table 23).
Table 23: Employment for household members
Types of employment Number Percentage
Small scale trade 64 21.3
Casual labour 148 49.3
Begging 85 28,3
Remittance 3 1,0
Total. 300 100.0
21
The respondents were also asked whether they would want to relocate to the
coast if opportunities arise. Majority (89,7%) do not want to relocate. The
possible reason is that most of these communities have pastoral and agricultural
background thus their interest on fishing is low. For those who want to relocate,
the preferred coastal destinations are Bender Beyla and Eyl.
6.8 Protection of rights.
The study further attempted to establish protection problems. As shown in Table
24, 22,7% of the households acknowledged that they have encountered
protection problems. These include armed robbery (7,7%), torture (4,7%), death
(2,3%) and rape (7,3%).
Table 24: Protection
Incidence Number out of 300 Percentage
Armed robbery 25 7,7
Torture 14 4.7
Killed 7 2.3
Raped 22 7.3
Total. 68 22,7
The study recommends enhancement of awareness programmes on protection
and the provision of better infrastructure for the police force to work effectively.
Respondents also noted that they have freedom of movement wherever they
prefer throughout Garowe. In addition, the focus group discussions agreed that
they have equal access to protection like the host communities if the need arises.
However, when the same question was raised to individual households, 18,7%
expressed that they do not have equal access like the host communities while
81,7% expressed satisfaction.
6.9 Durable solutions.
The study established that 83,3% of the respondents prefer to be locally
reintegrated while only 16,7% prefer to return to their places of origin on
condition that peace prevails. It is recommended that Agencies in support of the
authorities should provide adequate services and income generation activities to
ensure that the vulnerable communities are well integrated
6.10 Media
As shown in Table 25, majority (77,6%) indicated that they have no access to
media, 13,7% have access to radio while 8,7% have access to TV.
22
Table 25: Access to media
Media Number Percentage
TV 26 8.7
Radio 41 13.7
No media 233 77.6
Total 300 100,0
The study also noted that for those who have access to TV, it is mostly men who
watch in the restaurants especially during the night time.
6.11 Priority areas of intervention
Top on the list is the need for water and sanitation as noted by 94,0% of the
households, followed by shelter (90,0%), education for the children (76,0%),
health care (70,0%) and income generation (60,0%).
Table 26: Priority needs
Need # of households out of Percentage
300
Water and Sanitation 282 94,0
Shelter 270 90,0
Education 228 76.0
Health care 210 70.0
Income generation 180 60,0
The study concluded that land provision is a top priority, this would also enable
easy provision of water and sanitation and other basic services. The study
concluded that for long-term solutions, in order to adequately reintegrate the
vulnerable communities, the planning must take cognisance to address the
provision of basic services.
7.0 Conclusion
The study has derived a number of conclusions, which are critical to the future
needs of vulnerable populations in Garowe. These include:
The numbers of vulnerable populations are increasing due to the
continuous disasters. A significant observation is the corresponding
increase in the number of destitute including street children.
Sanitation is one of the most critical problems in the different villages
where the vulnerable communities are residing, which if not addressed
can result in disease outbreak.
Vulnerable populations including IDPs, returnees and the urban poor are
eager to see their livelihood changing through local reintegration while
some prefer to return to their pastoral and agriculture practices.
Little assistance has been provided for medium and long-term needs,
responses are mostly humanitarian.
23
7.1 Recommendations
The following recommendations are necessary to ensure improved livelihoods for
the vulnerable populations in Garowe.
Properly planned shelter/land accompanied with the provision of other
basic services especially water and sanitation for the vulnerable
populations is vital. In support of sanitation, garbage collection and
sanitary toilets are also important.
More than 80,0% of the vulnerable population particularly IDPs and
returnees are illiterate, there is need for integrated education programs
through the establishment of education infrastructure including primary
schools, a secondary school and vocational training centers.
A fully functional MCH supported by the Ministry of Health within the
locality is recommended. In addition to the services provided at the MCH
to mothers and children, this should also serve as a primary health
awareness center.
Income generation projects are vital for these communities. Some of the
projects possible in Garowe include construction of markets for women,
support of bread winners including women with skills like carpentry,
building, plumbing, plastering, machine operation, baking, fishing, farming,
micro-finance in order for them to generate more income.
Humanitarian assistance has to be scaled up especially food aid to
prevent malnutrition particularly young children.
24
25
ANNEX: 1
QUESTIONNAIRE: ASSESSMENT OF VULNERABLE POPULATIONS IN
GAROWE
April-May 2005
Date of interview: …………………………………
Place (Camp) of interview: ……………………….
Name of Interviewer: …….…………………….
Start time…………………….. Finish time……………………
(A) HOUSEHOLD DETAILS AND EDUCATION INFORMATION
1. Name (Head of Household): _________________ Male / Female 2. Age: ___
3. Total household size at settlement: _____
4.. Household members in Puntland, NOT living in the settlement (Camp):
(a) # of household members: _____
(b) Place of Origin (settlement, district, region, country):
__________________________________
5. Sub-clan/clan: _____________________ (“√” the box, if self-identified
minority)
6. List all household members and provide bio data, education and skills of each:
Name Sex Age Edu Level of Skill(s)
c Education
Inst.
26
Educational Institution – select a number: (1) unisex-public; (2) mixed-public;
(3) unisex-private; (4) mix- private; (5) Madrassa; (6) Informal; (7) Technical
School (8) Other (specify above)…………
Skills/Knowledge – select all that apply: A = Agricultural, B = Business/Market
activities, C = Carpentry/ Masonry, D = Driving, E = Educator, F =
Finance/Accounting, G = Military/Law enforcement/ Security,
H = Health Worker, I = Information Technology/Computers, J =
Restaurant/Catering/Cooking, K = Sale of livestock, L = Accounting, M =
Managerial, N = Cleaning/Service Industry, O = Fishing, P = Pharmacist,
, Q = Cosmetologist, R = Secretarial & Office, S = Performance art, T = Visual
art/handicrafts,
U = Veterinarian, V = Writer/Poet, W = Engineering, X = Humanitarian/Aid/NGO
work, Y = Other: _________
7. List of skills household would like to have: (Use Skills List from above)..
………………………
(B) WATER AND SANITATION
1 What is the main source of drinking a.Gumco, b.Private taps, c.Well,
water for your household? (Circle all d.Vendor/Booyad,
that apply.) e. Natural body of water, f. Other …………..
2 How long does it take you to walk to ……………..Minutes
you water point. Get water, and
return here?
3 How much water does your a.3 litter cans b.5 litter cans c.10 litter cans
household use / day, (# of jerry d.20litter cans e. other (specify)…….
cans=……………).
4. What kind of latrines does this 1. Municipality public latrine
household use? 2. Private pay latrine
3. Shared private latrine
4. Unshared private latrine
5. No latrine
5. Aside from before prayers, how 1.Always 2. Sometimes 3. Never
often to you wash your hands?
6. When washing hands, how often do
you use (i) soap? 1. Always; 2. Sometimes; 3. Never
(ii) Ash? 1. Always 2. Sometimes 3. Never
(C) GENERAL MATERNAL HEALTH
1. When your child becomes sick, do you seek 1. Yes 2. No
help from any one?
2. If YES, where do you seek help? (Circle all 1. Traditional healer
that apply.) 2. Friend/Relative
27
3. Public Facility
4. Pharmacy
5. Religious Expert
6. Private clinic
7. Traditional Birth Assistant
(TBA)
8. Other :
3. If NO, why? (explain)
4. Distance to nearest health facility? 1. ________ km; 2. ________
mins
5. Do any members of your household have 1. Yes 2. No
learning disabilities and/or emotional
difficulties?
6. If YES, what remedy is sought? 1. Self-medication (i.e. pills)
2. Doctor
3. Other (Specify)…
7. Do any members of your household have a 1. Yes 2. No
physical disability?
8. If YES, What kind of disability is it? 1. From the war
2. Birth
3. From disease
4. From accident
9. *Only for households with children under 5 1.Mobile Team
years. 2. MCH
(a) Where did you receive vaccine during your 3. Hospital
most recent pregnancy to prevent 4. Private clinic
convulsion?
(b) Did you see a trained health person in the 1. Yes 2. No
months before you delivered the most
recent child?
(c) Who helped you deliver your most recent 1. Untrained friends/relative
baby? 2. Doctor/Nurse
3. Traditional birth attendant
4. Midwife
5. Other Specify_______
(D) GENERAL NUTRITION
28
1. How many meals do you have per day? 1. One
2. Two
3. More than two
2. Do you most often purchase powdered milk or 1. Does not purchase milk
fresh milk? 2. Powdered milk
3. Fresh milk
(E SHELTER
1 How many houses/huts are there in the …………….Structures
camp? (Check by observation)
2. OBSERVATION: Look at the best-made 1. Sar, stone/brick house
structure in compound; note what it is made 2. Baraako, wood house
of. 3. Carish, stick/mud
house
4. Modul, hut
5. Aqal, traditional mobile
collapsible hut
6. Bush, plastic covered
structure
7. Jingad, iron sheets
only
8. Other,
……………………
3. Do you have a room or structure, in which no 1. Yes 2. No
one sleeps? (i.e., used for cooking, for
instance)?
4. Are your sharing your house/hut with other 1. Yes 2. No
families? if Yes (#): __________
29
5. Who owns the land upon which you live? 1. The Government
2. The household
3. A friend/relative
4. A private individual
5. Other …………..
6. If the household owns its own land, how was 1. Bought it
in obtained? 2. Government allocated
3. Given it
4. Grabbed it.…
7. If you are renting, how much is the household Somali
paying per month Shilling………………….
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages Advantages:
of the present location? i. …………………………
…………
ii. …………………………
…………
iii. …………………….……
…………
Disadvantages:
i. …………………………
…………
ii. …………………………
…………
iii. ……………………........
...............
(F) HOUSEHOLD ASSETS:
1. Household assets BEFORE the war.
(a) Land/ Houses/ farm (inc location: settlement, district, region):
……………………………….
(b) Movable property: ____ #blankets; _____ #jerry cans; _____ #cooking
pots; ___#other (specify):
____________……………………………………………………….
(c) Other (specify)…………………………………………………………..
2. Household assets AFTER the war:
(a) Land/ Houses/ (Incl. where)……………………………………………….
(b) Movable property: e.g
____ # blankets; _____ # jerry cans; _____ # cooking pots; ______# other
(specify)………
30
3. Any assistance received? 1. YES 2. NO (If YES, answer the below
questions)
(a) International aid community:
(i) Name: …………………………………………… Date (most recent):
………………………..
With what frequency? ….……… per year or One-time assistance: …...….
(“√”, if applicable)
(ii) Name: …………………………………………… Date (most recent):
………………………..
With what frequency? ….……… per year or One-time assistance: …...….
(“√”, if applicable)
(iii) Name: …………………………………………… Date (most recent):
………………………..
With what frequency? ….……… per year or One-time assistance: …...….
(“√”, if applicable)
(iv) Name: …………………………………………… Date (most recent):
………………………..
With what frequency? ….……… per year or One-time assistance: …...….
(“√”, if applicable)
(b) Local NGOs:
(i) Name: …………………………………………… Date (most recent):
………………………..
With what frequency? ….……… per year or One-time assistance: …...….
(“√”, if applicable)
(ii) Name: …………………………………………… Date (most recent):
………………………..
With what frequency? ….……… per year or One-time assistance: …...….
(“√”, if applicable)
(iii) Name: …………………………………………… Date (most recent):
………………………..
With what frequency? ….……… per year or One-time assistance: …...….
(“√”, if applicable)
(iv) Name: …………………………………………… Date (most recent):
………………………..
With what frequency? ….……… per year or One-time assistance: …...….
(“√”, if applicable)
(c) Relatives/Friend/Neighbour: (Name, relationship to Head of Household,
location of person)
Name: …………………………………………… Relationship:
31
………………………………
Location of relative:..………………………… Date (most recent):
………………………..
With what frequency? ….……… per year or One-time assistance: …...….
(“√”, if applicable)
Name: …………………………………………… Relationship:
………………………………
Location of relative: …..………………………… Date (most recent):
………………………..
With what frequency? ….……… per year or One-time assistance: …...….
(“√”, if applicable)
(d) Other (specify):
Name: …………………………………………… Date (most recent):
………………………..
With what frequency? ….……… per year or One-time assistance: …...….
(“√”, if applicable)
(G) MOVEMENTS:
1. Cause(s) of initial displacement from place of origin: 1) …...…; 2) …...…; 3)
…...…
(Choose up to 03 from the list of issues, which were problematic/lacking, in
order of importance)
a) Economic/financial b) Political situation c) Tribal/ethnic/racial
d) Armed conflict
e) Individual Security f) Expulsion, inc threat g) Gender-based
h) Natural disaster
i) Religion freedom j) Property k) Education l) Basic
needs
m) No reason n) Other: ___________________________
2. Total number of movements, since initially displaced: ………………
List final THREE movement(s) – most recent first (settlement, district, region,
and country):
Present location: ……………………………………………… Arrival
Month/Yr: …………
Causes (use choices above, up to 3, in order of importance): 1) …...…; 2)
…...…; 3) …...…
Previous: ……...…………………………………………… Arrival
Month/Yr: …………
Causes (use choices above, up to 3, in order of importance): 1) …...…; 2)
…...…; 3) …...…
2nd previous: ……....……….……………………………… Arrival
Month/Yr: …………
32
Causes (use choices above, up to 3, in order of importance): 1) …...…; 2)
…...…; 3) …...…
NOTE: “√” Box, if one is Place of Origin (which should match answer in Section
A-4-b).
3. Living and lifestyle preferences (also indicate main reason):
(a) Do you prefer to stay where you are? 1.Yes 2. No
If Yes, give reasons (i)……………………………………..
(ii)……………………………………
(iii)
(b) If No, to which location do you want to move? (Please tick)
i. Within the settlement?
ii. Within the district?
iii. Within the region?
iv. Within Puntland?
v. Other (specify)……………….
Give reasons for wanting to move (i)………………………………………
(ii):
(a) What livelihood would you prefer? (in order of preference)
i. Farming
ii. Pastoralist
iii. Coastal (i.e. fishing)
iv. Urban employment
Reasons (i)………………………………………
(ii)…………………………………:
(iii)....................................................……
(b) Would you want to return to place of origin? 1 Yes 2 No
If Yes, give reasons (i)……………………………………..
:
......................................(ii)…………….......................………………………
……
4. If proposed a piece of land by the local authority in the district, would you
move?
1 Yes 2. No.
a) If YES, are you willing to pay for the land?
1 Yes 2. No.
b) If YES, are you willing to contribute to:
i. Building your shelter
ii. Digging your pit latrine
iii. Other: ………………………………..…….…….
33
c) If YES, state preferred environment/characteristics of the new location
(i)……………………………………………..……………………………………
…………….
(ii)…………………………………………….……
……………………………………………
(iii)…………………………………………………
……………………………………………
d) If YES, which is your favourite site (i) In town; (ii) land allocated by the
Mayor…..(iii) Other: Specify………
5. If NO, why do you prefer to stay where you are? 1) …...…; 2) …...…; 3)
…...…
(Choose up to THREE from list in Question H-1, which were positive, in order
of importance)
(H) COPING MECHANISMS:
1. Average daily earnings per household: (Somali Shillings) ..…………….
2. How much (Somali shilling)do you spent per week on?
Education: _______
Food: _______
Health care: _______
Clean water: _______
Sanitation: _______
Shelter: _______
Security: _______
Transport _______
3. Other coping mechanisms/ sources of income:
…………………………………….........................
4. Types of employment held by household members: (select from below and
describe, as necessary)
# of
Types of Employment
employed Job Description(s)
(select from #’s below)
members
Adult
males:
Adult
females:
Girl
children.
Boy
34
children.
Employment Categories: 1 = Small scale trade, 2 = Market activities, 3 =
Casual employment (day labour),
4 = Sale of livestock, 5 = Permanent employment, 6 = Revenues from movable
or immovable property (i.e., landlord), 7 = Others (specify):
_______________________
5. Besides what you are doing now, do you see other possibilities for
employment?
1. Yes 2. No
If YES, specify:
………………………………………………………………………..
6. If offered the opportunity to relocate to the coastal areas to be involved in
fishing or any other activity, would you prefer to move? 1. Yes 2. No
7. If Yes, which location would you prefer. 1.Hafun 2. Bender Beyla 3. Garacad
4. Eyl 5.Other (specify)……………………..
8. Constraints to access employment opportunities:
…………………………………………………..
(I) PROTECTION/ RIGHTS:
1.Since 1991, has the individual or family member experienced acts, attempts
and/or threats of the following (include number of persons affected plus date and
location) :
(a)Armed robbery: # of persons……………Date……… Location………
b) Torture …# of persons……………..Date…………Location…….
c) Killings: …… ..# of persons……………..Date………….Location…….
(d) Rape:………. # of persons……………..Date………….Location……..
(e) Any other physical, mental, emotional violation directed specifically against
girls/women (i.e., domestic violence, FGM, harassment, exploitation, etc):
……………………………………
(f) Any other exploitation/human rights violation (of any
form)………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………
2.Freedom of movement: Rate your ability to move around without fear (1 to 5,
bad to good or NA)
35
i. Within settlement ……………
ii. Within district ……………
iii. Within region ……………
3.Describe possibilities/ constraints):
……………………………………………………...…………
4.Right to equal protection under the law: Rate your access to following (1 to 5,
bad to good or NA)
i. Effective law enforcement ……………
ii. Non-discriminatory judicial institutions ……………
5.Describe possibilities/ constraints):
……………………………………………………..…………
(J) DURABLE SOLUTIONS
1. Repatriation expectations (with brief
reasons):_________________________________________
_________________________________________
________________________________________
2. Prefers local integration (with brief reasons):
__________________________________________
(K) MEDIA
Do you have access to (i) Radio 1. Yes 2. No
(ii) Television 1. Yes 2. No
3. What are your immediate needs in order of priority?
i. ……………………………………………………...................................
ii. ………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ………………………………………………………………………………
v. ………………………………………………………………………………
(L) Free Space for any other issues/ comments raised by interviewee
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…
36
ANNEX 11
PROFILE FOR GUARDIAN
REGISTERED WITH MINSTRY OF PLANNING AND INTENATIONAL CO-
OPERATION
e-mail dahabshiilgrw@hotmail.com
ismail_abdihirsi@yahoo.com
Tel 252 5 746249/252 5 746096/252 5 746013
Background of GUARDIAN
The Guardian, is a local, Non-Governmental Organization, which is non-political
and a non-profiting entity and it is against tribalism, nepotism and discrimination
of race, creed and religion.
After the collapse of Somali Central Government in 1991, all social ser vices and
public institutions were all ceased to function. Many internally displaced (IDPS)
have been arriving to the northeastern regions now known as Puntland State of
Somalia. These displaced families’ left behind long life savings, property and lost
income sources. On arrival in Garowe and other parts of Puntland, they did not
receive needed assistance or welfare as there was no a single relief or
international agency to help them. In addition to this, the commercial economy of
Somalia collapsed due to civil war.
A group of young women and men decided to come together and assist IDPs
whose livelihoods were deteriorating to tantalizing proportions. As a result
Guardian was established in 1993.
Vision
To assist internally displaced persons and reintegrate them with the host
communities through research and provision of basic services like education,
health, income generation and any other needed facilities.
Mission
To ensure that IDPS are given due consideration since they lack basic services.
Overall Objectives of Guardian
(i) To continuously carry out research on IDPs and Returnees and update
stakeholders and partners on needs.
(ii) To provide relief and advocate for better life for IDPs
(iii) To provide educational opportunities to IDP children including the host
communities.
(iv) To re-integrating IDPs the local people.
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(v) To improve the Somali women skills and employment opportunities in
order to improve women’s economic status.
Projects implemented
1. Sesame oil extracting plant in Garowe in 1996, which was funded by
Diakonia Swedish group.
2. Tailor training program for young displaced women to create an income
generating sources in Garowe in 1996 which was funded by UNHCR
3. Handicap training and welfare program in Garowe in 1994 funded by
UNICEF and food for work support by WFP
4. Participated in relief distribution program during 1996 drought when water,
food and medicine supplies distributed to drought affected rural population
in Nugal region.
5. Anti-circumcision program to discourage Genital mutilation, traditional
pheronic circumcision had been practicing in Somalia. The training was
given to GUARDIAN staff and after course they have trained women in
Burtinle district. UNICEF funded it in 1996.
6. Registration Survey of IDPs in 1993
7. Needs assessment of IDPs children in 2002
Activities that GUARDIAN can carry out
If resources permit, Guardian can carry out the following activities:
a) Logistic food and non-food distribution.
b) Educating children and adult as well as women skilled improvement.
c) Building constructions for the IDPS families shelter, schools, stores, health
centers etc at relocating area.
d) Training teachers and health workers
e) Research, identification, registering of IDPs and returnees
f) Capacity building for better future of IDPs
g) Female genital motivation campaigns improving with in Somali community
MEMBERS OF GUARDIAN
1. Maymuun Bashir Nor Chairperson
2. Edil Said Farah Vice Chairperson
3. Dr. Mohamed Abdi Mohamud Administration/financial
4. Safia Cabdulaahi Cali Secretary
5. Dr. Bashir Sheik
6. Sheikh Yusuf Program Manager
7. Mahad Bashir Nor IDPs Program officer
8. Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Ali Auditor
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