Types of Substances
Ionic Metallic Cov. Network Nonpolar Cov. Polar Cov.
Cations and Metal cations Nonpolar Polar molecules
Smallest type of anions molecules
Nonmetal atoms
particle (Metal w/ (Like metal (Nonmetal w/ (Nonmetal w/
nonmetal) atoms) nonmetal) nonmetal)
electrostatic metal cations
London,
attraction attracted to "sea Covalent bond
Bonds holding Dipole-Dipole
resulting from a of free-floating (sharing of London Forces
particles together and
transfer of valence electrons)
Hydrogen Bonding
electrons electrons"
Malleable or
Brittle Malleable Brittle Brittle Brittle
Brittle
Solid-No Solid-Yes Solid-No Solid-No Solid-No
Electrical
Liquid - Yes Liquid - Yes Liquid - No Liquid - No Liquid - No
Conductivity
Aqueous-Yes Aqueous-N/A Aqueous-N/A Aqueous-No Aqueous-No
Electolyte or
Electrolyte Nonelectrolyte Nonelectrolyte Nonelectrolyte Nonelectrolyte
Nonelectrolye
Most are
Solubilty in Water Insoluble Insoluble Insoluble Soluble
soluble
Low - generally Low - generally
Varies but gases or volatile gases or volatile
Melting Point High (> 700 ºC) generally Very High liquids (evaporate liquids (evaporate
> 300 ºC quickly) at room quickly) at room
temp temp
Definitions
1. Electricity - the flow of charged particles.
2. Electrolyte - a substance which conducts electricity when dissolved in water. It must dissolve as ions.
3. Nonelectrolyte - a substance which does not conduct electricity when dissolved in water. It dissolve as neutral
molecules.