GRE Test 5
1. Give Antonym for the following word: Thespian (a) foreigner (b) skeptic (e) comic hero (c) daydreamer (d) magician
Solution. (e) Thespian means tragic actor. (a) foreigner means a stranger, outsider. (b) skeptic means who doubts prevailing doctrines (c) daydreamer means who dreams in a day (d) magician means who performs magic (e) comic hero. Thus, (e) is the correct answer. 2. Give Antonym for the following word: vanguard (a) regiment (b) rear (e) loyalty
(c) echelon
(d) protection
Solution. (b) Vanguard means foward or onward. (a) regiment is large array or number. (b) rear is back part of anything. (c) echelon is level or rank in organisation. (d) protection means protecting, defence (e) loyalty means faithful or devoted So, correct antonym is (b) rear. 3. Complete the following sentence with given options : He is __________ opponent, you must respect and fear him at all times. (a) a redoubtable (b) a disingenuous (c) a pugnacious (d) an insignificant (e) a craven
Solution. (a) (a) redoubtable means formidable, difficult to overcome or resist, inspiring fear. (b) disingenuous means insincere, not candid. (c) pugnacious - means disposed to fight. (d) insignificant - means of no value. (e) cranen - means cowardly. Answer is (a) redoubtable which is best suited in the statement. 4. Complete the following sentence with given options : His listeners enjoyed his __________ wit but his victims often __________ at its satire. (a) lugubrious ..... suffered (b) caustic ..... laughed (c) kindly ..... smarted (d) subtle ..... smiled (e) trenchant ..... winced
Solution. (e) (a) lugubrious - means doleful, dreary, suffered - is to make suffer. (b) caustic - means sarcastic, biting (c) kindly means generously and smarted to brighten (d) subtle - hard to determine, clever, smiled - is to smile, to be happy. (e) trenchant - means sharp, keen, winced - means movement in pain.
Hence, (e) is the correct answer. 5. Give Analogy : Dove : peace : : (a) wheel : progress (b) redcross : danger (d) red triangle : medical help
(c) olive branch : merry (e) lotus : progress
Solution. (b) Wheel is the symbol or icon of progress. So Red cross is the symbol of Danger. Olive Branch symbolises peace. Red Triangle is the sign of family planning. Lotus symbolises civilization and culture. Thus, (b) is the correct answer. 6. Give Analogy : Abrupt : Gradual : : (a) locomotion : mobility (c) rejoice : ecstasy (e) immaculate : flawless
(b) locomotion : stability (d) mourn : requiem
Solution. (b) Abrupt means sudden, unexpected. Gradual means gentle and slow. Thus these denote opposites. As locomotion means movement and stability is static state. This is also an opposite variant. Thus the correct answer is (b). DIRECTIONS for questions 7 to 9 : Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: "The emancipation of women," James Joyce told one of his friends, "has caused the greatest revolution in our time in the most important Line relationship there is — that between men and (5) women." Other modernists agreed: Virginia Woolf, claiming that in about 1910 "human character changed," and, illustrating the new balance between the sexes, urged, "Read the 'Agamemnon, and see whether ... your sympathies (10) are not almost entirely with Clytemnestra." D. H. Lawrence wrote, "perhaps the deepest fight for 2000 years and more, has been the fight for women's independence." But if modernist writers considered women's (15) revolt against men's domination one of their "greatest" and "deepest" themes, only recently–in perhaps the past 15 years — has literary criticism begun to catch up with it. Not that the images of sexual antagonism that abound in modern litera(20) ture have gone unremarked; far from it. But what we are able to see in literary works depends on the perspectives we bring to them, and now that women—enough to make a difference—are reforming canons and interpreting literature, the (25) landscapes of literary history and the features of individual books have begun to change. 7. According to the passage, women are changing literacy criticism by (a) noting instances of hostility between men and women (b) seeing literature from fresh points of view (c) studying the works of early twentieth-century writers (d) reviewing books written by feminists (e) resisting masculine influence
Solution. (b) is the correct answer. As lines 20-25 satisfy the answer efficiently. So (b) is correct. 8. The author quotes James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and D. H. Lawrence primarily in order to show that (a) these were feminist writers (b) although well-meaning, they were ineffectual (c) before the twentieth century, there was little interest in women's literature (d) modern literature is dependent on the women's movement (e) the interest in feminist issues is not new
Solution. (e) It shows that Woolf, Lawrence and Joyce are also dealing with the same issue of feminism which the old writers had done. Thus correct answer is (e). 9. Which of the following titles best describes the content of the passage? (a) Modernist Writers and the Search for Equality (b) The Meaning of Literary Works (c) Toward a New Criticism (d) Women in Literature, from 1910 Onwards. (e) Transforming Literature
Solution. (c) The concluding paragraph leads to the conclusion that the passage is towards a new criticism. So correct answer is (c). 10. Give Antonym for the following word: Effrontery (a) obscurity (b) indolence (e) fluctuation
(c) shameful
(d) diffidence
Solution. (d) Effrontery means impudence, irrelevant, insulting, insolvent. (a) obscurity means dark, unclear. (b) indolence is lazy (c) shameful means one who has to ashamed (d) diffidence means lacking self-confidence (e) fluctuation is fall and rise, showing variation. Thus (d) is the correct answer. 11. Give Antonym for the following word: dichotomous (a) apparent (b) undivided (e) abstract
(c) a typical
(d) indifferent
Solution. (b) Dichotomous means division into two. (a) apparent means clear, visible. (b) undivided means joint, uniform. (c) a typical means stereotyped (d) indifferent means having no concern. (e) abstract means to separate, or that part which has essence. Thus correct answer is (b). 12. Give Antonym for the following word: Foppish (a) scanty (b) radical (e) magnificient
(c) orthodox
(d) dandy
SOlution. (c) Foppish means vain and showy in dress. (a) scanty means meagre or deficient.
(b) radical means root, favouring any social group. (c) orthodox means sound in doctrine or believing. (d) dandy means foppish person. (e) magnificient means to display greatness of size or extent. Thus (c) is the correct answer. 13. Complete the following sentence with given options : I wrote to him as ________ as last week. (a) immediately (b) early (c) presently (e) sooner
(d) lately
Solution. (e) is the correct answer because "lately" means recently. Thus 'as soon as' is the correct answer. 14. Complete the following sentence with given options : Museum director moving ________ refers to the smuggled Greek urn as the "hot pot", not because there are doubts about its authenticity or even great reservations as to its price, but because its ________ of acquisition is open to question. (a) informally ..... costliness (b) characteristically ..... date (c) colloquially ..... manner (d) repeatedly ..... swiftness (e) cheerfully ..... mode
Solution. (c) Colloquially means a talk or a dialogue. Thus, (c) is the correct answer. 15. Give Analogy : Limnology : snails : : (a) Gereatrics : children (c) Taxonomy : animals (e) Anatomy : space
(b) (d)
Herpetology : reptiles Biology : animals
Solution. (b) Limnology is the study of snails. (a) Gereatrics is the medical care of old people. (b) Herpetology is the study of reptiles. (c) Taxonomy is the study of means by which formation of species takes place. (d) Biology is the study of living things. (e) Anatomy is the study of physical structure. Thus the correct option is (b). 16. Give Analogy : Earthquake : Ritcher : : (a) Magnetic field : Oersted (c) Rainfall : Gauge (e) precious stones : kilogram
(b) (d) Beauty : Eve
Force : Einstein
Solution. (a) The degree of earthquake is measured by Ritcher scale. (a) The magnetic field is measured by Oersted. (b) Force is measured in Newton. (c) Rainfall is taken in centimetres. (d) Beauty is measured in terms of Helena. (e) Precious stones are measured in carat not in Kilogram. Thus (a) is the correct analogy. DIRECTIONS for questions 17 to 19 : Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: Rocks which have solidified directly from molten materials are called igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are commonly referred to as Line primary rocks because they are the original
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(10)
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source of material found in sedimentaries and metamorphics. Igneous rocks compose the greater part of the earth's crust, but they are generally covered at the surface by a relatively thin layer of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) they contain no fossils; (2) they have no regular arrangement of layers; and (3) they are nearly always made up of crystals. Sedimentary rocks are composed largely of minute fragments derived from the disintegration of existing rocks and in some instances from the remains of animals. As sediments are transported, individual fragments are assorted according to size. Distinct layers of such sediments as gravels, sand, and clay build up, as they are deposited by water and occasionally wind. These sediments vary in size with the material and the power of the eroding agent. Sedimentary materials are laid down in layers called strata. When sediments harden into sedimentary rocks, the names applied to them change to indicate the change in physical state. Thus, small stones and gravel cemented together are known as conglomerates; cemented sand becomes sandstone; and hardened clay becomes shale. In addition to these, other sedimentary rocks such as limestone frequently result from the deposition of dissolved material. The ingredient parts are normally precipitated by organic substances, such as shells of clams or hard skeletons of other marine life. Both igneous and sedimentary rocks may be changed by pressure, heat, solution, or cementing action. When individual grains from existing rocks tend to deform and interlock, they are called metamorphic rocks. For example, granite, an igneous rock, may be metamorphosed into a gneiss or a schist. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, when subjected to heat and pressure may become marble, a metamorphic rock. Shale under pressure becomes slate. The primary purpose of the passage is to (a) differentiate between and characterize igneous and sedimentary rocks (b) explain the factors that may cause rocks to change in form (c) show how the scientific names of rocks reflect the rocks' composition (d) define and describe several diverse kinds of rocks (e) explain why rocks are basic parts of the earth's structure
17.
Solution. (d) is the correct answer. 18. The relationship between igneous and sedimentary rocks may best be compared to the relationship between (a) leaves and compost (b) water and land (c) DNA and heredity (d) nucleus and cell wall (e) sand and clay
Solution. (a) is the correct answer. 19. The passage cotains information that would answer which of the following questions? I. Which elements form igneous rocks? II. What produces sufficient pressure to alter a rock? III. Why is marble called a metamorphic rock? (a) I only (b) III only (c) I and II only (d) II and III only (e) I, II and III
Solution. (b) is the correct answer. 20. Give Antonym for the following word: Dearth (a) plenitude (b) scarcity (e) mirth
(c) abundance
(d) debilitate
Solution. (a) Dearth means scarcity. (a) Plenitude means fullness and completeness. (b) Scarcity means shortness of supply. (c) Abandon means to desert, to leave. (d) Debilitate means weaken. (e) Mirth means cheerfulness. Thus (a) is the correct answer. 21. Give Antonym for the following word: Scurrility (a) crude (b) severe (e) unruly
(c) polite
(d) uncivilized
Solution. (c) Scurrility means something abusive, indecent or defamatory. Because scurrility is abusive tone or action and polite is full of reverence and softness thus (c) is correct. 22. Give Analogy : Peel : Peal : : (a) Coat : Rind (e) Chop : Slice
(b) Laugh : Bell
(c) Rain : Reign
(d) Brain : Cranium
Solution. (c) Different in meaning but same in pronunciation. Thus, (c) is the correct answer. 23. Give Analogy : Reptile : Adder : : (a) Skeleton : Flesh (b) Method : System (d) Dinosaur : Tyrannosaurus
(c) Plant : Genus (e) Animal : Snake
Solution. (d) Adder is a snake and comes under the category of Reptiles. Tyrannosauraus will come under the category of Dianosaur. Thus (d) is the correct answer. 24. Complete the following sentence with given options : Baldwin brilliant 'The Fire Next Time' is both so eloquent in its passion and so scarching in its _________ that it is bound to _________ any reader. (a) bitterness ..... embarrass (b) romanticism ..... appall (c) candor ..... unsettle (d) indifference ..... disappoint (e) conception ..... bore
Solution. (c) Candor means frankness and openness, unsettle - means unstable or restless.
Thus, (c) is the correct answer. (a) can't be because a newspaper cannot be bitter or embarrassing. Thus, (c) is correct. 25. Complete the following sentence with given options : The _________ of time had left the castle _________ it towered the village, looking much as it must have done in Richard the Lion-Hearted's time. (a) repairs ..... destroyed (b) remotness ..... alone (c) lack ..... defended (d) status ..... lonely (e) ravages ..... untouched
Solution. (e) Ravages means pillage, to lay waste destroy and untouched means without any flaw. So (e) is the correct answer. 26. Give Antonym for the following word: Clement (a) Lenient (b) Merciful (e) bucolic
(c) vindictive
(d) unruly
Solution. (c) Clement means mild, gentle, kind. (a) Lenient is synonymous of clement. (b) Merciful is also same (c) Vindictive means revengful or spiteful (d) Unruly means rustic, turbulent, stormy (e) Bucolic means rustic or pastoral Thus (c) is the correct answer. 27. Give Antonym for the following word: Besotted (a) Infatuated (b) lust (e) dauntless
(c) level-headed
(d) intimate
Solution. (c) Besotted means intoxicated, infatuated, to become stupid. (a) Infatuated means same. (b) Lust is in proximity with infatuated. (c) Level-headed means having sound commonsense. (d) intimate means personal or internal (e) dauntless means resolute Thus, correct answer is (c). DIRECTIONS for questions 28 to 30 : Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: Studies of the factors governing reading development in young children have achieved a remarkable degree of consensus over the past two decades. The consensus concerns the causal role of 'phonological skills in young children's reading progress. Children who have good phonological skills, or good 'phonological awareness' become good readers and good spellers. Children with poor phonological skills progress more poorly. In particular, those who have a specific phonological deficit are likely to be classified as dyslexic by the time that they are 9 or 10 years old. Phonological skills in young children can be measured at a number of different levels. The term phonological awareness is a global one, and refers to a deficit in recognizing smaller units of sound within spoken words. Development work has shown that this deficit can be at the level of syllables, of onsets and rimes, or phonemes. For example, a 4-year old child might have difficulty in recognizing that a word like valentine has three syllables, suggesting a lack of syllabic awareness. A five-year-old might have difficulty in recognizing that the odd word out in the set of words fan, cat, hat, mat is fan. This task requires an awareness of the sub-syllabic units of the onset and the rime. The onset corresponds to any initial consonants in a syllable words, and the rime corresponds to the vowel and to any following consonants. Rimes correspond to rhyme in single-syllable words, and so the rime in fan differs
from the rime in cat, hat and mat. In longer words, rime and rhyme may differ. The onsets in val:en:tine are /v/ and /t/, and the rimes correspond to the selling patterns 'al', 'en' and ine'. A six-year-old might have difficulty in recognizing that plea and pray begin with the same initial sound. This is a phonemic judgment. Although the initial phoneme /p/ is shared between the two words, in plea it is part of the onset 'pl' and in pray it is part if the onset 'pr'. Until children can segment the onset (or the time), such phonemic judgments are difficult for them to make. In fact, a recent survey of different developmental studies has shown that the different levels of phonological awareness appear to emerge sequentially. The awareness of syllables, onsets, and rimes appears to merge at around the ages of 3 and 4, long before most children go to school. The awareness of phonemes, on the other hand, usually emerges at around the age of 5 or 6, when children have been taught to read for about a year. An awareness of onsets and rimes thus appears to be a precursor of reading, whereas an awareness of phonemes at every serial position in a word only appears to develop as reading is taught. The onset-rime and phonemic levels of phonological structure, however, are not distinct. Many onsets in English are single phonemes, and so are some rimes (e.g. sea, go, zoo). The early availability of onsets and rimes is supported by studies that have compared the development of phonological awareness of onsets, rimes, and phonemes in the same subjects using the same phonological awareness tasks. For example, a study by Treiman and Zudowski used a same/different judgement task based on the beginning or the end sounds of words. In the beginning sound task, the words either began with the same onset, as in plea and plank, or shared only the initial phoneme, as in plea and pray. In the end-sound task, the words either shared the entire rime, as in spit and wit, or shared only the final phoneme, as in rat and wit. Treiman and Zudowski showed that four- and five-year-old children found the onset-rime version of the same/different task significantly easier than the version based on phonemes. Only the six-year-olds, who had been learning to read for about a year, were able to perform both versions of the tasks with an equal level of success. 28. A phonological deficit in which of the following is likely to be classified as dyslexia? (a) Phonemic judgment (b) Onset judgment (c) Rime judgment (d) Any one or more of the above (e) None of the above
Solution. (d) is the correct answer. 29. The Treiman and Zudowski experiment found evidence to support which of the following conclusions? (a) At age six, reading instruction helps children perform both, the same-different judgement task (b) The development of onset-rime awareness precedes the development of an awareness of peonemes (c) At age four to five children find the onset-rime version of the same/different task significantly easier. (d) The development of onset-rime awareness is a necessary and sufficient condition for the development of an awareness of phonemes (e) All of the above
Solution. (b) is the correct answer. 30. The single-syllable words Rhyme and Rime are constituted by the exact same set of A. rime(s) B. onset(s) C. rhyme(s) D. phonemes(s) (a) A and B (b) A and C (c) A, B and C (d) B, C and D (e) None of these
Solution. (b) is the correct answer.