From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia McDonnell Douglas MD-80
McDonnell Douglas MD-80
MD-80 series Design and development
Background
Douglas Aircraft developed the DC-9 in the 1960s as a
short-range companion to their larger DC-8.[1] The DC-9
was an all-new design, using two rear fuselage-mounted
turbofan engines, and a T-tail. The DC-9 has a narrow-
body fuselage design with 5-abreast seating, and holds 80
to 135 passengers depending on seating arrangement and
aircraft version.
The MD-80 series was the second generation of the
DC-9. It was originally called the DC-9-80 series and the
Iberia MD-88 DC-9 Super 80[2] and entered service in 1980. The MD-80
Role Narrow-body jet airliners series was then developed into the MD-90 entering ser-
vice in 1995. The last variant of the family was the MD-95,
First flight October 18, 1979 which was renamed the Boeing 717-200 after McDonnell
Introduction 1980 with Swissair and Austrian Airlines Douglas’s merger with Boeing in 1997.
The DC-9 family is one of the most successful jet air-
Status Active service
liners with a total of over 2,400 units produced; it ranks
Primary users American Airlines third behind the second place Airbus A320 family with
Delta Air Lines over 4,000 produced, and the first place Boeing 737 with
Allegiant Air over 6,000 produced.
Alitalia
Produced 1979–1999 MD-80 series
Number built 1,191 The MD-80 series is a mid-size, medium-range airliner
that was introduced in 1980. The design was the second
Unit cost US$41.5–48.5 million
generation of the DC-9 with two rear fuselage-mounted
Developed from McDonnell Douglas DC-9 turbofan engines, small, highly efficient wings, and a T-
tail. The aircraft has distinctive 5-abreast seating in
Variants McDonnell Douglas MD-90
Boeing 717 coach class. It was a lengthened DC-9-50 with a higher
maximum take-off weight (MTOW) and a higher fuel ca-
The McDonnell Douglas MD-80 is a family of twin-engine, pacity. The aircraft series was designed for frequent,
short- to medium-range, single-aisle commercial jet air- short-haul flights for 130 to 172 passengers depending on
liners. The MD-80 series were lengthened and updated plane version and seating arrangement.
from the DC-9. The airliner family can seat from 130 up
to 172 passengers depending on variant and seating con-
figuration.
The MD-80 series was introduced into commercial
service on October 10, 1980 by Swissair. The series in-
cludes the MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, MD-87, and MD-88. Th-
ese all have the same fuselage length except the short-
ened MD-87. The MD-80 series was followed into service
in modified form by the MD-90 in 1995 and the MD-95/
Boeing 717 in 1999.
Scandinavian Airlines MD-81 taking off
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia McDonnell Douglas MD-80
The development of MD-80 series began in the 1970s to launch customer Swissair took place on September 13,
as a growth version of the DC-9 Series 50. Availability of 1980.[3]
new Pratt & Whitney JT8D higher bypass engines drove
early studies including designs known as Series 55, Series Model designation
50 (Re-fanned Super Stretch), and Series 60. The design As the MD-80 was not in effect a new aircraft, it continues
effort focused on the Series 55 in August 1977. With the to be operated under an amendment to the original DC-9
projected entry into service in 1980, the design was mar- FAA aircraft Type Certificate (a similar case to the later
keted as the DC-9 Series 80. Swissair launched the Series 80 MD-90 and Boeing 717 aircraft). The Type Certificate is-
in October 1977 with an order for 15 plus an option for sued to the aircraft manufacturer carries the aircraft
five.[1] model designations exactly as it appears on the manu-
The Series 80 featured a fuselage 14 feet 3 in (4.34 m) facturer’s application, including use of hyphens or deci-
longer than the DC-9-50. The DC-9 wings were redesigned mal points, and should match what is stamped on the air-
by adding sections at the wing root and tip for a 28% larg- craft’s data or nameplate. What the manufacturer choos-
er wing. The initial Series 80 first flew October 19, 1979.[1] es to call an aircraft for marketing or promotional pur-
It entered service in 1980. Originally it was certified poses is irrelevant to the airworthiness authorities. The
as a version of the DC-9, but was changed to MD-80 in July first amendment to the DC-9 type certificate for the new
1983, as a marketing move. New versions of the series MD-80 aircraft was applied as DC-9-81 which approved on
were initially the MD-81/82/83 and the shortened MD-87, August 26, 1980. All MD-80 models have since been ap-
even though their formal certification was DC-9-81/82 proved under additional amendments to the DC-9 Type
etc. Only the MD-88 was given an "MD" certification, as Certificate. In 1983, McDonnell Douglas decided that the
was the later MD-90. DC-9-80 (Super 80) would be designated the MD-80. How-
ever, instead of merely using the MD- prefix as a market-
ing symbol, an application was made to again amend the
Type Certificate to include the MD-81, MD-82, and MD-83.
This change was dated March 10, 1986, and the Type Cer-
tificate declared that although the MD designator could
be used in parentheses, it must be accompanied by the of-
ficial designation, for example: DC-9-81 (MD-81). All Long
Beach aircraft in the MD-80 series thereafter had MD-81,
MD-82, or MD-83 stamped on the aircraft nameplate.
Although not certified until October 21, 1987, McDon-
Spanish airline Spanair MD-83 at Leeds Bradford Airport, UK
nell Douglas had already applied for models DC-9-87 and
DC-9-87F on February 14, 1985. Third derivative was sim-
The MD-80 versions have cockpit, avionics and aero-
ilarly officially designated DC-9-87 (MD-87), although no
dynamic upgrades along with the more powerful, more
nameplates were stamped DC-9-87. For the MD-88, an ap-
efficient and quieter JT8D-200 series engines, which are
plication for a Type Certificate model amendment was
a significant upgrade over the smaller JT8D-15, -17, -11,
made after the earlier changes, so there never was a
and -9 series. The MD-80 series aircraft also have longer
DC-9-88, only the MD-88, which was certificated on De-
fuselages than their earlier DC-9 counterparts, as well as
cember 8, 1987.[4] The FAA’s online aircraft registry data-
longer range. Some customers, such as American Air-
base however does show the DC-9-88 and DC-9-80 desig-
lines, still refer to the planes in fleet documentation as
nations in existence but unused.[5]
"Super 80". This model is still flown extensively by Amer-
ican Airlines and Delta Air Lines. Comparable airliners to
the MD-80 series include the Boeing 737 and Airbus A320.
MD-80 production
The MD-80 was produced on a common line with the
Flight testing and certification DC-9 with which it shares its line number sequence. How-
ever after the delivery of 976 DC-9s and 108 MD-80s,
The first MD-80, DC-9 line number 909, made its first
McDonnell Douglas stopped DC-9 production. Hence,
flight on October 19, 1979. Test flying, despite two air-
commencing with the 1,085th DC-9/MD-80 delivery, an
craft being substantially damaged in accidents, was com-
MD-82 for VIASA in December 1982, all DC-9s produced
pleted on August 25, 1980, when the first variant of
were Series 80s/MD-80s.
MD-80, the JT8D-209-powered MD-81 (or DC-9-81), was
In addition to the Long Beach, California line, a sec-
certificated under an amendment to the FAA Type Cer-
ond assembly line was set up at Shanghai, where aircraft
tificate for the DC-9. The flight testing leading up to cer-
were to be built under license.[citation needed]
tification had involved three aircraft accumulating a to-
During 1991, MD-80 production had reached a peak
tal of 1085 flying hours on 795 flights. The first delivery,
of 12 per month, having been running at approximately
2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia McDonnell Douglas MD-80
Flight deck of a Viking Airlines MD-83
A Delta MD-88 at Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City,
10 per month since 1987 and was expected to continue Oklahoma, USA
at this rate in the near term (140 MD-80s were delivered
in 1991). As a result of the decline in the air traffic and Due to the usage of the aging JT8D engine, the MD-80
a slow market response to the MD-90, MD-80 production is not fuel efficient compared to the A320 or newer 737
has been reduced, and 84 aircraft were handed over in models; it burns 1,050 gallons of jet fuel per hour on a
1992. A further production rate cut saw 42 MD-80s de- typical flight, while the larger Boeing 737-800 burns only
livered during 1993 (3.5 per month) and 22 aircraft were 850 gallons per hour (19% reduction). Many airlines have
handed over.[3] MD-80 production ended in 1999. started to retire the type in the 2000s. Alaska Airlines’
tipping point in using the 737-800 was the $4 per gallon
Derivative designs price of jet fuel the airline was paying by the summer of
The MD-90 was developed from the MD-80 series and is a 2008; the airline stated that a typical Los Angeles-Seat-
5-foot-longer (1.5 m), updated version of the MD-88 with tle flight would cost $2,000 less, using a Boeing 737-800,
a similar electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) (glass than the same flight using an MD-80. American Airlines
cockpit), and improved, and quieter IAE V2500 turbofan has announced plans to retire at least 20 MD-80s,[8] and
engines. The MD-90 program was begun in 1989, first has accelerated delivery of new 737-800s,[9] while Mid-
flown in 1993, and entered commercial service in 1995. west Airlines announced on July 14, 2008, that it would
A number of other variants were proposed that never retire all 12 of its MD-80s (used primarily on routes to the
entered production. One proposal was the MD-94X which west coast) by the fall.[10][11] The JT8D’s comparatively
was fitted with unducted fan turbofan engines. Previous- lower maintenance costs due to simpler design help nar-
ly, an MD-81 was used as a testbed for unducted fan en- row the fuel cost gap.[12]
gines, such as the General Electric GE36 and the Pratt &
Whitney/Allison 578-DX.[6]
The MD-95 was developed to replace early DC-9 mod-
Variants
els, then approaching 30 years old. The project complete- [3][13][14][15][16][17][18]
ly overhauled the original DC-9 into a modern airliner. It
is slightly longer than the DC-9-30 and is powered by new MD-81 (DC-9-81)
Rolls-Royce BR715 engines. The MD-95 was renamed Boe- The MD-81 (or as it was originally known the DC-9 Super
ing 717 after the McDonnell Douglas—Boeing merger in 81)
81 was the first production model of the MD-80, and
1997. apart from the MD-87, the differences between the var-
ious long body MD-80 variants is relatively minor. The
Operational history four long body models (MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, and
MD-88) only differ from each other in having different
The MD-80 series has been used by airlines around the engine variants, fuel capacities, and weights. The MD-88
world. Major customers have included Aeroméxico, and later build versions of the other models have more
Aerorepublica, Alaska Airlines, Alitalia, Allegiant Air, up-to-date flight decks featuring for example EFIS.
American Airlines, Austral Líneas Aéreas, Austrian Air- Dimensions:
Dimensions The basic "long body" MD-80 versions
lines, Avianca, China Eastern Airlines, China Northern (MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, and MD-88) have an overall
Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Finnair, Iberia, Japan Air System length of 147 feet 10 inches (45.06 m), and a fuselage
(JAS), Korean Air, Lion Air, Martinair Holland, Reno Air, length of 136 feet 5 inches (41.58 m) that is 4.62 m longer
Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS), Spanair, Insel Air, than the DC-9-50 and 13.51 m longer than the initial DC-9,
and Swissair.[7]
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia McDonnell Douglas MD-80
the Series 10. Wingspan was also increased by 4.4 m in MD-81 timeline
comparison with earlier DC-9s at 107 feet 10.2 inches • Formal launch: October 1977.
(32.873 m). The aircraft’s passenger cabin, from cockpit • First flight: October 18, 1979.
door to aft bulkhead, is 101 feet 0 inches (30.78 m) long • FAA certification: August 25, 1980.
and, as with all versions of the DC-9, has a maximum cab- • First delivery: September 13, 1980 to Swissair
in width (trim-to-trim) of 123.7 inches (3.14 m).[16] • Entry into service: October 10, 1980 with Swissair on
Powerplant:
Powerplant The initial production version of the a flight from Zurich to Heathrow.
MD-80 was the Pratt and Whitney JT8D-209 18,500 lbf • Last delivery: June 29, 1992 to Scandinavian Airlines
(82 kN) thrust powered MD-81. Later build MD-81s have (SAS)
been delivered with more powerful JT8D-217 and -219 en-
gines. MD-82 (DC-9-82)
APU:
APU All versions of the MD-80 are equipped with
an AlliedSignal (Garrett) GTCP85-98D APU as standard
which is located in the aft fuselage.
Performance:
Performance Standard MTOW on the MD-81 is
140,000 lb with the option to increase to 142,000 lb. Fuel
capacity is 5,840 US gallons (22,100 L), and typical range,
with 155 passengers, is 1,565 nmi.[3]
Deck:
Flight Deck The MD-80 is equipped with a two crew
flightdeck similar to that on the DC-9 from which it
evolved. Later models could be equipped to a higher
specification with EFIS displays in place of the traditional
analogue instruments, TCAS, windshear detection, etc.
An EFIS retrofit to non-EFIS equipped aircraft is possible.
Cabin:
Cabin Typical passenger cabin seating arrangements
include:[3] An Alitalia MD-82
A mixed class, with aft full service galley,
configuration for a total of 135 passengers with 12 Announced on April 16, 1979, the MD-82 was a new
first class, four-abreast 36 in seat pitch. MD-80 variant dimensionally similar to the MD-81 but
equipped with more powerful engines. The MD-82 was
123 economy class passengers, five-abreast, 32 in
intended for operation from ’hot and high’ airports but
pitch.
also offered greater payload/range when in use at ’stan-
All economy layout for 155 passengers, five- dard’ airfields. American Airlines is the worlds largest op-
abreast, 32 in and 33 in pitch. erator of the MD-82, with at one point over 300 MD-82s in
the fleet, but the number now stands around 200.
A typical high density layout is for 167 one class (ie Powerplant:
Powerplant Originally certificated with 20,000 lbf
Airtours). (89 kN) thrust JT8D-217s, a -217A powered MD-82 was
certificated in mid-1982 and became available in Autumn
Undercarriage:
Undercarriage All versions of the MD-80 are equipped 1982. The new version featured a higher MTOW
with a tricycle undercarriage, featuring a twin nose unit (149,500 lb), while the JT8D-217As had a guaranteed take-
with spray deflector and twin main units with rock de- off thrust at temperature of up to 29 degrees C or 5,000 ft
flectors. The MD-80T, developed for the Chinese, differs altitude. The JT8D-217C engines were also offered on the
in that the main units are each fitted with a four wheel MD-82 giving improved sfc. Several operators have taken
double main bogey undercarriage to reduce pavement delivery of the -219-powered MD-82s, while Balair or-
loading.[3][15] dered its MD-82s powered by the lower thrust -209 en-
Improvements:
Aerodynamic Improvements From mid-1987 new gine.[3][15]
MD-87-style low drag "beaver" tail cones were intro- Performance:
Performance The MD-82 features an increased stan-
duced on all Series of MD-80s reducing drag and hence dard MTOW initially to 147,000 lb, and this was later in-
improving fuel burn. However it would seem that some creased to 149,500 lb. Standard fuel capacity is the same
operators have been modifying the old DC-9-style cones as the MD-81, 5,840 US gal, and typical range with 155
on earlier build MD-80s to the new low drag style. SAS is passengers is 2,050 nautical miles (3,800 km).[3][15]
one airline that has done this, citing both the improved
economics as well as cosmetic improvement for the mod- MD-82 timeline
ification.[3] • Announced/go-ahead: April 16, 1979.
• First flight: January 8, 1981.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia McDonnell Douglas MD-80
rates strengthened landing gear including new wheels,
tires and brakes, changes to the wing skins, front spar
web and elevator spar cap and strengthened floor beams
and panels to carry the auxiliary fuel tanks. However,
from MD-80 line number 1194, an MD-81 delivered in
September 1985, it is understood that all MD-80s have the
same basic wing structure and in theory could be con-
verted to MD-83 standard.[3]
MD-83 timeline
• Announced/go-ahead: January 31, 1983.
• First flight: December 17, 1984.
• FAA certification: October 17, 1985 (MTOW
149,500 lb). MTOW of 160,000 lb certificated
A Lion Air MD-82 boarding at Sultan Syarif Kasim II Airport, November 4, 1985.
Indonesia, 2006. • First delivery: February, 1985 to Alaska Airlines -
initially as -82 powered by -217A engines and
• FAA certification: July 29, 1981. certificated as MD-82s. Alaska Airlines’ first four
• First delivery: August 5, 1981 to Republic Airlines. aircraft were subsequently re-engined and re-
• Entry into service: August, 1981 with Republic certificated as MD-83s.
Airlines. • Entry into service: February, 1985 with Alaska
• Last delivery: November 17, 1997 to U-Land Airlines Airlines.
of Taiwan. • Last delivery: December 28, 1999 to TWA.
The MD-82 was assembled under licence in Shanghai by
the Shanghai Aviation Industrial Corporation (SAIC) MD-87 (DC-9-87)
since November 1986; the sub-assemblies were delivered
by McDonnell Douglas in kit form.[3]
MD-83 (DC-9-83)
A Spanair MD-87
Spanair MD-83 In January 1985 McDonnell Douglas announced that it
was to produce a shorter fuselage MD-80 development
The MD-83 is a longer range development of the basic aircraft, designated the MD-87, which would seat be-
MD-81/82 with higher weights, more powerful engines, tween 109 and 130 passengers depending upon config-
increased fuel capacity and longer range. uration. The designation was intended to indicate its
Powerplant Compared to earlier models, the MD-83
Powerplant: planned date of entry into service, 1987.
is equipped with slightly more powerful 21,000 lbf Dimensions:
Dimensions With an overall length of 130 feet 5 inch-
(93 kN) thrust Pratt and Whitney JT8D-219s as standard. es (39.75 m), the MD-87 is 17 feet 4 inches (5.28 m) short-
Performance The MD-83 features increased fuel ca-
Performance: er than the other MD-80s but is otherwise generally sim-
pacity as standard (to 6,970 US gal) which is carried in ilar to them, employing the same engines, systems and
two 565 US gallons auxiliary tanks located fore and aft of flight deck. The MD-87 features modifications to its tail,
the centre section. The aircraft also has higher operating with a fin extension above the tailplane. It also intro-
weights, with MTOW increased to 160,000 lb and MLW to duced a new low drag "beaver" tail cone which became
139,500 lb. Typical range for the MD-83 with 155 passen- standard on all MD-80s.
gers is around 2,504 nautical miles (4,637 km). To cope
with the higher operating weights, the MD-83 incorpo-
5
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia McDonnell Douglas MD-80
Powerplant:
Powerplant The MD-87 was offered with either the with two additional auxiliary fuel tanks (similar to the
20,000 lbf (89 kN) thrust JT8D-217C or the 21,000 lbf MD-83).
(93 kN) thrust -219.
Performance Two basic versions of the MD-87 were
Performance: MD-88 timeline
made available with either an MTOW of 140,000 lb and • Announced/go-ahead: January 23, 1986.
MLW of 128,000 lb or an MTOW of 149,000 and an MLW • First flight: August 15, 1987.
of 130,000 lb. Fuel capacity is 5,840 US gallons (22,100 l), • FAA certification: December 8, 1987.
increasing to 6,970 US gallons (26,400 l) with the incorpo- • First delivery: December 19, 1987 to Delta Air Lines.
ration of two auxiliary fuel tanks. Typical range with 130 • Entry into service: January 5, 1988 with Delta Air
passengers, is 2,370 nautical miles (4,390 km) increasing Lines.
to 2,900 nautical miles (5,400 km) with two auxiliary fuel • Last delivery: June 25, 1997 to Onur Air.
tanks.
Cabin The MD-87 provides typical mixed class seat-
Cabin: Undeveloped variants
ing for 114 passengers or 130 in an all economy layout
(five-abreast 31 in and 32 in seat pitch). The maximum MD-80 Advanced
seating, exit limited, is for 139 passengers. McDonnell Douglas revealed at the end of 1990 that it was
developing an MD-80 improvement package which it in-
MD-87 timeline tended to begin offering in early 1991 for delivery from
• Announced/go-ahead: January 1985. mid-1993. The aircraft became known as the MD-80 Ad-
• First flight: December 4, 1986. vanced. The main improvement involved the installation
• FAA certification: October 21, 1987. of Pratt and Whitney JT8D-290 engines which featured a
• First delivery: November 27, 1987 to Austrian fan 1.5 in greater in diameter and would, it was hoped, al-
Airlines.[19] low a 6 dB reduction in exterior noise.
• Last delivery: March 27, 1992 to Scandinavian Due to lack of market interest however, McDonnell
Airlines (SAS). Douglas dropped its plans to offer the MD-80 Advanced
during 1991. However a "mark 2" MD-80 Advanced reap-
MD-88 peared during 1993, which did not now feature the mod-
The MD-88 was the last variant of the MD-80 which was ified JT8D-290 engines as previously proposed. The com-
launched on January 23, 1986 on the back of orders and pany also evaluated the fitment of winglets on the
options from Delta Air Lines for a total of 80 aircraft. MD-80. In late 1993 Pratt and Whitney launched a modi-
The MD-88 is, depending on specification, basically fied version of the JT8D-200 series, the -218B, which was
similar to the MD-82 or MD-83 except that it incorporates being offered for the DC-9X re-engining program, and is
an EFIS cockpit instead of the more traditional analog also evaluating the possibility of developing a new JT8D
flight deck of the other MD-80s. Other changes incorpo- for possible retrofit on the MD-80. The engine would also
rated in the MD-88 include a windshear warning system be offered on new build MD-80s.
and general updating of the cabin interior/trim, however The 18,000 lbf (80 kN) to 19,000 lbf (85 kN) thrust
these detail changes are relatively minor and were writ- -218B engines shares 98% commonality with the existing
ten back as standard on the MD-82/83. In fact the winds- engine, with changes designed to reduce NOx, improve
hear warning, was offered as a standard option on all the durability, and bring noise levels to 3 dB. The 218B could
other MD-80s and has been made available for retrofit- be certificated in early to mid-1996. The new engine,
ting on earlier aircraft including the DC-9. dubbed the "8000", was to feature a new fan of increased
Delta’s earlier delivered MD-82s were upgraded to diameter (by 1.7 in), extended exhaust cone, a larger LP
MD-88 specification. When McDonnell Douglas was asked compressor, a new annular burner and a new LP turbine
why these aircraft were MD-88s and not MD-82s they said and mixer. The initial thrust rating would be around
that the customer, Delta Air Lines, thought that its speci- 21,700 lbf (97 kN) thrust. A launch decision on the new
fication was sufficiently different to warrant a new desig- engine was expected in the first half of 1994, but never
nation. Although delivered in December 1987, Delta only occurred.
put the aircraft into service in January 1988. In addition to the engine, which existed only on pa-
Performance The MD-88 has the same weights, range
Performance: per, the MD-80 Advanced was to offer a new flight deck
and airfield performance as the other long body aircraft instrumentation package and a completely new passen-
(MD-82 and MD-83) and is powered by the same engines. ger compartment design. All would available in retrofit
MDC quotes a typical range for the MD-88 as 2,050 nauti- for existing MD-80s and was forecast to be in service by
cal miles (3,800 km) with 155 passengers. Range with 155 July 1993.
passenger is increased to 2,504 nautical miles (4,637 km) The MD-80 Advanced was to incorporate the ad-
vanced flight deck of the MD-88, including a choice of
reference systems, with an inertial reference system as
6
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia McDonnell Douglas MD-80
standard fitting and optional attitude-heading equip- • On December 27, 1991, SAS Flight 751, an MD-81, OY-
ment. It was to be equipped with an electronic flight in- KHO "Dana Viking" crash landed at Gottröra,
strument system (EFIS), an optional second flight man- Sweden. In the initial climb both engines ingested ice
agement system (FMS), light emitting diode (LED) dot broken loose from the wings (which had not been
matrix electronic engine and system displays. A Honey- properly de-iced before departure). The ice damaged
well windshear computer and provision for an optional the compressor blades causing compressor stall. The
traffic-alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS) were stall further caused repeated engine surges that
also to be included. A new interior would have a 12% in- finally destroyed both engines, leaving the aircraft
crease in overhead baggage space and stowage compart- with no propulsion. The aircraft landed in a snowy
ment lights that come on when the door opens, as well field and broke in three parts. No fire occurred and
as new video system featuring drop-down LCD monitors all aboard survived.
above.[4] • On June 1, 1999, American Airlines Flight 1420, an
The lack of market interest received for the MD-80 MD-82 attempting to land in severe weather
Advanced during 1991 led to McDonnell Douglas drop- conditions at Little Rock Airport overshot the
ping its plans for the development. runway and crashed into the banks of the Arkansas
River. Eleven people, including the captain, died.
Derivatives • On January 31, 2000, Alaska Airlines Flight 261, an
The MD-90-30 is a stretched variant with updated glass MD-83, crashed in the Pacific Ocean, due to loss of
cockpit and two V2500 engines, also Extended Range (ER) horizontal stabilizer control.[26] All 88 people on
version as the MD-90-30ER. board were killed. Following the crash, the acme nut
The MD-95 was developed as a replacement for the and jackscrew recovered from the aircraft were
earlier DC-9-30, produced as the Boeing 717. found to be excessively worn[27] and found to be the
cause of the crash due to inadequate maintenance.
The FAA ordered airlines to inspect and lubricate the
Operators jackscrew more frequently.[28]
In July 2009, there were 886 MD-80 series aircraft in ser- • On October 8, 2001, Scandinavian Airlines Flight 686,
vice,[20] and that number dropped to 844 by July 2010. an MD-87 (SE-DMA) collided with a small Cessna jet
Commercial operators in July 2010 included American during take-off at Linate Airport, Milan, Italy. The
Airlines (282), Delta Air Lines (117), Allegiant Air (66), Al- Linate Airport disaster left 118 people dead. The
italia (39), SAS (36), Austral Líneas Aéreas (23), Meridi- cause of the accident was a misunderstanding
ana (17), Khors Air (14), 1Time Airline (12), Bulgarian Air between air traffic controllers and the Cessna jet,
Charter (12), Wings Air (11), and others with fewer air- and the SAS crew had no role in causing the
craft.[21] accident. Also the ground movement radar was
inoperative at the time of the accident.
• On May 7, 2002, China Northern Airlines Flight 6136,
Incidents and accidents an MD-82, from Beijing to Dalian, crashed into Bohai
As of November 2009, the MD-80 series has been involved Bay near Dalian, after the pilot reported "fire on
in 60 incidents,[22] including 27 hull-loss accidents,[23] board". All 111 people on board were killed.
with 1,177 fatalities.[24] • On November 30, 2004, Lion Air Flight 538, an MD-82
crash landed at Adi Sumarmo Airport in Surakarta
Notable accidents and incidents and overran the end of the runway. There were 25
• On December 1, 1981, an Inex-Adria Aviopromet fatalities.
Flight 1308, an MD-81 crashed into Corsica’s Mt. San • On August 16, 2005, West Caribbean Airways Flight
Pietro during a holding pattern for landing at Campo 708, an MD-82 crashed in a mountainous region in
dell’Oro Airport, Ajaccio. All 180 passengers and crew northwest Venezuela killing all 152 passengers and
were killed. eight crew.[29]
• On August 16, 1987, Northwest Airlines Flight 255, an • On March 4, 2006, Lion Air Flight 8987, an MD-82,
MD-82 crashed shortly after takeoff from Detroit after landing at Juanda International Airport, applied
Metropolitan Wayne County Airport due to flight reverse thrust although the reversers were stated to
crew’s failure to use the taxi checklist to ensure the be out of order. This caused the aircraft to veer to
flaps and slats were extended for takeoff according the right and skid off the runway coming to rest
to the NTSB. All crew and passengers were killed 7,000 ft from the approach end of Runway 10. No one
with the exception of a 4-year old girl, Cecelia was killed, but the aircraft sustained $3 million in
Cichan.[25] damage.[30]
• On September 16, 2007, One-Two-GO Airlines Flight
269, an MD-82 crashed at the side of the runway and
7
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia McDonnell Douglas MD-80
exploded after an apparent attempt to execute a go- Seating ca- 172 (1-class) 139
around in bad weather at Phuket International pacity, 155 (2 class) (1-class)
Airport. Eighty-nine of the 130 people on board were typical 130 (2
killed.[31][32] class)
• On November 30, 2007, Atlasjet Flight 4203, a MD-83
crashed in the southwestern province of Isparta, Length 147 ft 8 in (45.01 m) 130 ft 4 in
Turkey, killing all 57 people aboard.[33] The cause of (39.73 m)
the crash was attributed to pilot spatial Wingspan 107 ft 8 in (32.82 m)
disorientation.
Wing area 1,209 sq ft (112.3 m2)
• Between March 26/27, 2008 and then again between
April 8/12, 2008 an FAA safety audit of American Tail height 29 ft 7 in (9.02 m) 30 ft 4 in
Airlines forced the airline to ground its entire fleet of (9.25 m)
MD-80 series aircraft (approximately 300), to inspect Fuselage 11 ft (3.35 m)
the aircraft’s hydraulic wiring. American was forced width
to cancel nearly 2,500 flights in March and over 3,200
Cargo ca- 1,253 cu ft (35.5 m3) 1,103 cu ft 937 cu ft
in April.[34] In addition, Delta Air Lines inspected its
pacity (31.2 m3) (26.5 m3)
own MD-80 fleet to ensure its 117 MD-80s were also
operating within regulation. This prompted Delta to Empty 77,900 lb 78,000 lb 79,700 lb 73,300 lb
cancel 275 flights.[35] weight (35,300 (35,400 (36,200 (33,200
• On August 20, 2008, Spanair Flight 5022, an MD-82 kg) kg) kg) kg)
registration EC-HFP from Madrid’s Barajas Airport
Maximum 140,000 lb 149,500 lb 160,000 lb 140,000 lb
crashed shortly after takeoff on a flight to Las Palmas take-off (63,500 (67,800 (72,600 (63,500
de Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands. The MD-82 weight kg) kg) kg) kg)
had 162 passengers and ten crew on board, of whom (MTOW)
18 survived. The crash was caused by attempting to
take off with the flaps and slats retracted. The flight Cruising Mach 0.76 (504 mph, 811 km/h)
crew omitted the "set flaps and slats" item in both speed
the After Start checklist and the Takeoff Imminent Maximum 1,570 nmi 2,050 nmi 2,500 nmi 2,370 nmi
checklist.[36] range, (2,910 km; (3,800 km; (4,600 km; (4,390 km;
• On November 19, 2009, Compagnie Africaine fully loaded 1,810 mi) 2,360 mi) 2,900 mi) 2,730 mi)
d’Aviation Flight 3711, operated by MD-82 9Q-CAB
Runway 5,000 ft (1,500 m) dry, or
overran the runway on landing at Goma
length 5,700 ft (1,700 m) for wet runway
International Airport, and suffered substantial
requirement
damage. The overrun area was contaminated by
solidified lava.[37] Fuel capaci- 5,850 US 5,850 US 7,000 US 5,840 US
• On 21 June 2010, Hewa Bora Airways Flight 601, ty gal gal gal gal
operated by MD-82 9Q-COQ burst a tire on take-off (22,100 L) (22,100 L) (26,000 L) (22,100 L)
from N’djili Airport, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Engines (×2) Pratt & Whitney JT8D-200 series
of the Congo. Hydraulic systems and port engine
were damaged and the nose gear did not lower when Thrust (×2) 18,500–21,000 lbf (82–93 kN)
the aircraft returned to N’djili. All 110 people on Sources: Official MD-80 specifications,[39] MD-80 Airport
board escaped uninjured. The airline blamed the report[40]
state of the runway for the accident, but
investigators found no fault with the runway.[38]
See also
• Airstair
Related development
Specifications • McDonnell Douglas DC-9
MD-81 MD-82 / MD-83 MD-87 • McDonnell Douglas MD-90
MD-88 • Boeing 717
• ACAC ARJ21
Cockpit Two Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
crew • Airbus A320 family
• Boeing 737 Classic
Related lists
• List of airliners
8
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia McDonnell Douglas MD-80
• List of civil aircraft York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/
• List of McDonnell Douglas MD-80 operators fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9B0DE1DA1139F931A1575BC0A9619
Retrieved 2006-12-27.
References [26] NTSB Number AAR-02/01 Executive Summary.
NTSB, 2002.
[1] ^ Norris, Guy and Wagner, Mark. Douglas Jetliners. [27] NTSB photo of worn jackscrew
MBI Publishing, 1999. ISBN 0-7603-0676-1. [28] FAA Airworthiness Directive 2000-15-15
[2] History - Chronology - 1977-1982, The Boeing [29] "160 believed dead in Venezuela jet crash". CNN,
Company, Retrieved 2007-12-14 August 16, 2005.
[3] ^ Airclaims Jet Programs 1995 [30] Lion Air Flight 8987
[4] ^ Airliner Color History MD-80 & MD-90. ISBN [31] "Search for clues after Thai crash". BBC, September
0-7603-0698-2 17, 2007.
[5] FAA Registry - Aircraft - Make/Model Results - [32] "Survivors recount Thai jet crash". CNN,
Retrieved 2/2/11 September 17, 2007.
[6] Aviation Week: New-Generation GE Open Rotor and [33] "Plane crashes; no survivors found". CNN,
Regional Jet Engine Demo Efforts Planned November 30, 2007.
[7] MD-80 production list. Planespotters.net. [34] "Cancellation wave latest problem for airlines".
[8] Aerospace Notebook: MD-80 era winding down as MSNBC, April 10, 2008.
fuel costs rise, Seattlepi.com, June 24, 2008. [35] "American, Delta cancel more flights to inspect
[9] American Speeds Jet Purchase, Wall Street Journal, MD-80 aircraft". ABC News, March 27, 2008.
August 14, 2008, p. B4 [36] "Interim Report". http://www.fomento.es/MFOM/
[10] "Midwest Will Cut 110 jobs in Kansas City", Kansas LANG_CASTELLANO/DIRECCIONES_GENERALES/
City Business Journal, July 22, 2008, p.10 ORGANOS_COLEGIADOS/CIAIAC/INVESTIGACION/
[11] Midwest Airlines press release July 14, 2008 2008/SPANAIR/Interino_1_ENG.htm.
[12] [1] [37] "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network.
[13] Flight International Commercial Aircraft of the http://aviation-safety.net/database/
World October 17, 1981 record.php?id=20091119-0. Retrieved 20 November
[14] Flight International Commercial Aircraft of the 2009.
World October 23, 1982 [38] Hradecky, Simon (21 June 2010). "Accident: Hewa
[15] ^ Flight International Commercial Aircraft of the Bora MD82 at Kinshasa on Jun 21st 2010, burst tyre
World October 15, 1983 on takeoff, hydraulic failure, runway excursion on
[16] ^ Jane’s Civil and Military Aircraft Upgrades landing". The Aviation Herald.
1994-1995 http://avherald.com/h?article=42d3b7f5&opt=0.
[17] Jane’s All the World’s Aircraft 1994-1995 Retrieved 16 July 2011.
[18] Jane’s All the World’s Aircraft 2004-2005 [39] MD-80 general specifications, Boeing.
[19] Airliner List [40] MD-80 airport report, McDonnell Douglas,
[20] "World Airliner Census". Flight International, August December 1989.
18–24, 2009. • Becher, Thomas. Douglas Twinjets, DC-9, MD-80, MD-90
[21] "World Airliner Census". Flight International, August and Boeing 717. The Crowood Press, 2002. ISBN
24–30, 2010. 1-86126-446-1.
[22] McDonnell Douglas MD-80 incidents. Aviation-
Safety.net, November 19, 2009.
[23] McDonnell Douglas MD-80 Accidents. Aviation-
External links
Safety.net. • MD-80 page on Boeing.com
[24] McDonnell Douglas MD-80 Accident Statistics. • MD-80 and MD-90 history on Boeing.com
Aviation-Safety.net. • MD-81/82/83/88 and MD-87 pages on Airliners.net
[25] Wilkerson, Isabel (1987-08-22). "Crash Survivor’s • Boeing MD-82 landing page on Flightglobal.com
Psychic Pain May Be the Hardest to Heal". The New
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80&oldid=463615163"
Categories:
• United States airliners 1980–1989
• McDonnell Douglas aircraft
• 1980 introductions
• Twinjets
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia McDonnell Douglas MD-80
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