Review: Basic First Aid
Area Check
Perform a general check of the scene
• Are you in control or are you assisting someone?
• Is there anything in that scene that can threaten
personal safety- “no glass, no gas, no fire, no
wire”
• Are there any present witnesses or bystanders
that can tell you what happened
• Assess the situation
Primary Assessment
Vitals
• LOC (level of consciousness)
• Conscious or unconscious:
• Loudly speak in their ear or bang on the ground beside them to see if they
are awake
• Reassure them that everything is fine and help is on the way
• Call 911 or have someone with you call
Check
Airway-Open airway
Breathing- See if they are breathing or not
Circulation-Carotid artery check pulse
• Check for Medical Alert Jewellery
• Keep victim warm
• Check for cuts on head, neck and shoulders
• No pulse or breathing=CPR
Secondary Assessment
Check for bleeding and broken limbs-ask if
they can feel any sensations as you are
checking their body over
If there is a reaction to pain stop
Monitor their breathing and check pulse
Verbalize out loud: no cuts, no bleeding
Scenario
You are at a friend’s house. Your friend is making
some frozen pizza in the microwave. As your
friend goes to take the pizza out of the
microwave, the sizzling hot pizza on the plate
slides onto your friend’s hand. Your friend
screams with pain and the pizza drops to the floor
• Apply cold compress
• Run cool water
• Pain reliever
Scenario
• It is the middle of the summer, Erin and Reba
have decided to paint their house. They put the
radio on and their swimming suits. When they
have finished their first coat, Erin begins to feel
faint. Reba checks her pulse finding it weak and
fast but her skin is sweaty and cool. What can you
do to help Erin
• Heat Exhaustion
• Lay down in cool room and drink water (de-
hydration)
CPR
Cardio Pulmonary
Resuscitation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8I3yk7T8W34&feature=player_emb
edded
What is it?
When a persons heart has stopped CPR
techniques will help you to maintain that
persons breathing and circulation until 911
arrives
Cardio-pushing in the persons chest forces
blood to flow through the body
Pulmonary-mouth-mouth breathing provides
oxygen to the lungs
4R’s of CPR
Risk, Recognize, React,
Resuscitate
Risks
Risks: factors in your life that predispose you to developing
heart problems
Smoking-causes lung cancerleading to heart disease
High blood pressure-damages heart and blood
vesselsincrease chance of heart attack and stroke
meaning the heart has to work harder to pump the blood
Sedentary lifestyle-making the heart work harder during an
exercise
Others:
Obesity-risk factor to heart disease
Stress
Diabetes
Recognize
5 P’s (signs of a heart attack)
Pain-described as heaviness or tightness, squeezing or
pressure “sitting on chest”-may come and go
Pale skin-sweaty, cold and clammy
Puffing-trouble breathing
Pooped-feeling very tired
Puking-feeling sick to the stomach or actually
vomiting
ALSO: Denial-think they are to young to have a heart
attack-Fear of going to the hospital
One Person Adult CPR
•Check for hazards
• Survey the scene-determine what
happened
• Hazards include: electrical wires, fire,
gas, glass, needles
• “no gas, no glass, no fire, no wire”
• Protect your own personal safety
•Assess victims responsiveness (LOC)
• Level of Consciousness
• “hey, hey are you okay”-by ear and hit
the floor to assess consciousness
• Awake and responsive? Yes or No
oCallfor help -911
o=REACT
o“hey you in the red shirt, call 911 and
report back to me”
oOpen air way
oCheck for breathing
oTilt head back and lift chin
oLook at chest and stomach for
breathing movements-as well as
listening 5-10 seconds
oBreathing?=monitor breathing-make sure they
are in recovery position- do secondary survey
Compressions
Landmark
Locate sternal notch(xiphod process)
Place heel of hand on the notch and other hand on
top
Keep fingers off chest
Give 30 compressions
Shoulders over hands/arms
Arms straight
Compress about 1.5-2 inches
Count out loud “ 1 and 2 and 3
Push hard and fast
oBreaths
oPinch the victims nose shut and seal your
lips tightly around the persons mouth
oGive TWO (2) full breaths
oWatch the see the victims chest rise and
fall to ensure breaths are going in
oCheck pulse-if there is a pulse continue giving
breaths
oNo breathing or pulse= Compressions Airway
Breathing (CAB)
o Repeat
o 30 compressions
o 2 breaths
o (4 times- 1 minute cycle)
o Do until 911 arrives
Definitions
• Emergency Response System
• An ERS is a community-wide system for
responding to sudden illness or injury. It may
include ambulance services, paramedics, police,
firefighters and other people trained in first aid
and emergency systems
• Angina
• A pressure pain in the chest created when the
heart is deprived of oxygen ex) blocked by
hardened arteries from fat or cholesterol,
causing reduced blood flow
Definitions
• Heart Attack
• If an artery supplying the heart remains
blocked, the pain remains and the area of the
affected heart muscle starts to die. This is
what is called a heart attack
• Cardiac Arrest
• When the heart stops beating and no longer
pumps blood and oxygen to the rest of the body
Definitions
• Defibrillation
• Use of a small computerized device
that deliver a shock to heart that
resets the heart muscle and
restores smoothing pumping action
Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8I3yk7T8W34&
feature=player_embedded
http://video.about.com/firstaid/How-to-Perform-
Hands-Only-CPR.htm
Scenario
You are walking past your neighbour’s
house on a warm summer day. Suddenly
you hear your neighbour frantically
shouting that her son has fallen into the
pool. He can’t swim. When you reach the
pool deck you see his body beneath the
surface. He is not moving. You are able to
reach him and get him out of the pool, but
he is unconscious. What do you do?
Scenario
An elderly gentleman is sitting on a
park bench. He begins to complain of
chest pain. He says he has had it
before. As you consider what to do
next, you realize that his pain is
increasing. What do you do?
Scenario
A middle-aged fan at a hockey game has
been very excited throughout the
contest. After the opposition scores the
go-ahead goal, he becomes extremely
angry, shouting at the referee that the
play was offside. In mid-shout, he stops,
clutching his left arm. He sits down and
seems to be having difficulty breathing.
He says he feels as though someone is
standing on his chest. What do you do?
Scenario
You are driving on a back road just
after thunderstorm. Up ahead you
see a power line down. As you get
closer you see the body of a young
women lying close to the downed
line. She is not moving. What do
you do?
Scenario
You are awakened one morning by
your mother’s scream. Running into
your parent’s bedroom you see your
father motionless on the floor. You
learn from your mother that your
father has been feeling ill for several
hours and has vomited. He came out
of the bathroom clutching his chest
and in apparent pain. Suddenly he
collapsed on the floor what do you
do?
Didn’t OK YAY
Criteria Do
Area Check Performed area check Performed area check with
phrase saying and observing
the scene
LOC Check Rubric Criteria Checked to see if person was awake or Check to see if person was
not awake by banging the floor and
yelling loudly
911 Call Called 911 Told someone of called 911 and
asked person to report back to
them with information
Open Airway Checked airway Checked airway by tilting head
and lifting chin using proper
hand placement
Breathing Check Listening for breathing Listened for breathing by tilting
head and watching chest rise
and fall
Landmark Hands in right spot Hands in correct placement on
the chest
Compressions Gave 30 compressions Gave 30 compressions
counting and arms were
straight
Breaths Gave 2 breaths Gave 2 breaths effectively by
pinching nose and sealing
mouth
Continuation of cycle Repeated cycle Repeated cycle effectively by
giving 2 breaths appropriately
and 30 compressions correctly