llvrrlrl Forestry
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itt.sect ir$'estutiort und uir lxtllution lurnuge urul to t'lu.s.si.ft' ttnd tndlt ls11/-11.sq, putterrt.t. ,4 t txtperutit'c lttttlto.sul . l)rcyir.rrr.r'1.r' ttttder developrrtt,ttt rt'itlt tht, U rtitcd ,Stut(.t, ntuv irttt,tt.sil't' ('ttt'r'(nl retnot( .st,n.rilr,q re.seurtlt utul nr(t.\' ltc
ABSTRACT---Poluttd is cvtluutina vrrtous lbrms of' retnote .sett.sitt,q to rrtortitttr
Cooperation with Poland on Research In Remote Sensing
H. Gyde Lund, Ray P. Allison, and Frederick W. Honing
Approximately 21 percent clf this
area is forested. The types are sirnilar to those firund in New England: they c'ontain spruce. rnixed conif'ers. and northern hardwoods. Scotch pine
(
e"rputtdad unul
ys
to irtt'lude .sciuttif'ic
t1
eff"ects of
tation mr)nitoring techniques and the value of Landsat tirr classifvin-rr land use: then south to Konin to study the
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planted
in Poland late in l9ttl" the USDA Otfice of lnternational Cooperation and Development (OICD). the USDA
tute of Geodesy and Cartography (lGC) were ,iointly exploring :.r research prosrarn in application of remotelv sensed data tbr assessinu firrest disturbances. IGC's Relnote
Sensing Center in Warsaw is Poland.s
I
D rior to the disturbances that began
Pinus .rr'1r'csrrr.r) is commonly in the northern latitudes.
Forest Service. and the Polish lnsti-
leading research unit in this discipline and assists other branches of' the government including the Ministry of Forestry. Four Polish sclentists catne to this countrv in September l9U0 to visit USDA Forest Service units involved in remote sensing. In a reciprocal trip during June l9Ul we ntade a 2.700 km tour of Poland. The purpose of the exchanse was to determine areas of cornmon interest in the application of aerospace technology to the monitoring and management of fbrests. Specific topics included:
Formal education in fbrestrv is at universities in War.saw. Poznan. and Krakow. About 120 fbresters graduate each year. In addition. l2 schools scattered throughout the nation off'er technician trainot'f'ered
ing.
There are over 23,000 separate fbrest tracts. of which some 6.000 are less than five hectares in size. On rnore than half the tbrested area the stands are less than 40 years old. and on at least 70 percent thev are less than 60 years old. The Ministry of Forestry employs about 120.(XX) people to manase these lands. a large portion of which are privately owned.
air pollution. After continuing south to Zakopane and the Tatra Mountains. we returned to Warsaw fbr a wrap-up meeting. Andrzej Ciolkosz, director of the Remote Sensing Center of IGC. was
our host and tour guide.
Remote Sensing Work
Our trip took us from
Entortnlo,q.r'.--Approximately 22 percent of the firrested lands of Poland are inf'ested by the nun moth (Lvmuntriu tnonu("o) according tcr Edmund Sliwa. entomologist with the Polish Forest Research Institute under the Ministry of Forestry. Pri marv host of the nun moth is Scotch pine and spruce (Picau e.rcel.su). but the larvae will f'eed on other species when fbod becomes scarce in heavily inf'ested areas. Int-estations run in cycles of about six years. In 1978, at the start of the current cycle" only 20.000 hectares were inf-ested. Projections fbr l9u l were I .800.000
hectares.
Warsaw
north to Gdansk to view insect inf'esBALTIC SEA
Tadeusz Trampler
of the Frtrest
improvement of current methodolouy in detection" classification. and rneasurement of disturbances:
POLAND
O
use of large-scale aerial imagery in investigation rtf site-specific
POZNAI
KOt{t]{
E. GERTANY
o
insect and industrial pollution
damage; and
application of satellite irnagery fbr investieation of fbrest disturbances and vegetaticln stress over
rarge areas.
Polish Forests
ern Europe and is slightl_v- srnaller tha.n the state ol'New Mexico.
Poland occupies appr()xinrately -112.600 square kikrrneters in eastCZECHOSLOVAKIA
.lunc | 9132/JorrnNAt. oF Fonrsrnyl36g
Research Institute (rettred)
the nun moth because of the monocultural. even-
that develoPed Problem
felt
ased svstem of management being uied in Poland, The Poles" strongest research needs are in silvicultural methods ttl prtlmtlte "natural" stands. Specific research needs to be clirecteci toward methods to determine the potential of the sites and to "natural" stands.
clevelop labor-saving harvesting techniques ttt create and maintain the
pollution affects some 400.000 heciur., in the central section of Poland' according to Bogdan Werhun' supervisor foi the Konin Forest Region Pollutants are primarily from power plants and heavy industries ' Esti'forest mates of Product loss run as as $13 million dollars annually' high Tlie normal method of monitoring effects of pollution is to field-sample I hectare out of every 50 and to fell
and measure
niques and samPling strategies ' Bo-sdan NeY. director of IGC' expreised a particular desire to iearn about U.S. techniques fclr 11s11tt')ring agricultural crops 'gnifl the United States and Poland' through the tiSDA"s Office of Ini'":rnatioial Cooperation and Developcooperative agreement in agriculture' Beniciusz Kiamski of the Poiish Ministry of Agriculture stres5sd tliat findings of suc-h cooperative rescrrti'.'h should be macle available tilr disst' 'tiination through the Food and i\irr'lculture Organization of the Uriilr:d Nations. Iithat is done. the resc;ii-t:h
ment" have been working toward
a
location. The techniques are costlr"
and verY labor-intensive Remote sensing interpretation and
l0
trees at each samPle
Nearlv 200.000 people are involved in controlling the nun moth' particu-
tiuring pre- ancl postspray activities' FnpuLtion densities and timing of spray application are currently determtned from dailY larval counts and lnstar measurements' IGC is investigating the use of remote sensing. Incluiing large-scale. smalltbrirat. lirlse-color aerial photography. to relieve the very labor-intenriu. techniques currently applied' Prelirninarv results looks promlslng' Ltt n d - tt s'e c I rt s s i.f'i c tt t i rt n' -Landsat and other tbrms of digital imagerY are being evaluated tbr land-use classificatioir and mapping' The classification system is based upon existing vegetition. The large numbers of silall itu.tt of tbrest- and cropland pose problems in obtaining reliable maps from Lanclsat. In addition" as
larlv in collecting biological
data
sampling techniques are being developed-to speed up the- monitoring and evaluation process' Large-scale'
will benefit not tlnlY the
toring problems.
U
n
color-infrared photography is employed. A color scheme to evaluate ttug. and severity of damage to individ"ual trees is being develoPed' Additional research needs are sampling schemes to determine the entiie aiea affected by pollutants ' procedures to evaluate the efficiency of sreen belts in reducing pollutants' uni methods to determine exactlv how wide these buffer zones should
be.
States and Poland but also c;her nations with similar resoulsg-;-t;r 'itl-
'tr:d
wJ touncl Poland to be an ext-''' 'iingly beautiful countrv and--its i;"'pl!'warm and outgoing' .We l'lk ibr*arcl to increased excharrge of technical infbrmatitln and scientt:;is r''r"':ibetween the twtl nations 1n 1[g
future. t
Tur,
AL r
Forest int'entort"-The forest inventorY in Poland is much more
the Forest Service in the
States. Essentiall-v
bcrs of thc LISI)A Forcst Scrvice \\ ii'''
tt